Medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning, and its design and preparation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a dielectric-loaded silver-free antenna for navigation and positioning, and a design and preparation method thereof. The dielectric-loaded silver-free antenna includes a microstrip slot antenna and a dielectric block. The microstrip slot antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a metal patch and a metal conductive strip printed on the upper and lower opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate respectively. The metal patch has an annular gap coupled with the metal conductive strip, and two pairs of rectangular gaps symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular gap as the symmetry point. The two rectangular gaps in each pair of rectangular gaps are symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular gap as the symmetry point, and one end of each rectangular gap is connected to the outer edge of the annular gap, and the other end radiates outward. A wide passband of the antenna of the present invention is excited to cover the working frequency bands of the four major navigation systems. The antenna of the present invention has a simple and lightweight structure, excellent performance, and has the characteristics of low profile, low cost, wide axial ratio, low return loss, wide absolute bandwidth, stable radiation pattern, etc., and is suitable for the positioning function of satellite navigation systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an antenna in the field of antenna technology, a design method of the antenna, and a preparation method of the antenna, and in particular to a medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning, a design method of the medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna, and a preparation method of the medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of satellite navigation systems, positioning, as a key service of satellite navigation, has important applications in areas such as private location services, meteorological applications, road traffic, emergency rescue, aviation, and maritime transport. Consequently, there is a huge market demand for corresponding navigation and positioning antennas.

[0003] As a traditional antenna type for satellite positioning, ceramic microstrip antennas are commonly used in the design of various satellite positioning antennas due to their small size and ease of mass production. However, the traditional manufacturing method for ordinary ceramic microstrip antennas involves printing a silver layer on a loading medium, which increases costs and complicates processing and debugging, resulting in high prices for these antennas.

[0004] For example, the application publication number is CN111864369A, entitled "A Ceramic Passive Antenna for Satellite Positioning, GPS, and Beidou." The invention discloses a ceramic passive antenna for satellite positioning, GPS, and Beidou. The antenna consists of a ceramic sheet and an RF connection plate. The ceramic sheet is a radiating structure, and the RF connection plate increases the antenna's gain, enabling the antenna to operate normally in the BD3 generation positioning and GPS positioning frequency bands. This antenna is lightweight and compact, with a lateral dimension of only 25mm by 25mm. However, its structure is complex and requires a printed silver layer, resulting in high material costs. Due to its narrow impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth, manual debugging is required to eliminate performance deviations caused by product processing errors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problem that existing antennas still need manual debugging to eliminate performance deviations caused by product processing errors, the present invention provides a dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning, a design method for the dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna, and a preparation method for the dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning, comprising:

[0008] A microstrip slot antenna comprising a dielectric substrate and metal patches and metal conductive strips printed on upper and lower opposing surfaces of the dielectric substrate, respectively, wherein the metal conductive strips serve as a feeding structure of the microstrip slot antenna and the metal patches serve as a radiating structure of the microstrip slot antenna; and

[0009] a dielectric block mounted on the surface of the dielectric substrate having the metal patch and located at the center of the metal patch;

[0010] Among them, the metal patch has:

[0011] an annular gap, which is coupled to the metal conduction band;

[0012] There are two pairs of rectangular gaps, and the two rectangular gaps in each pair of rectangular gaps are symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular gap as the symmetry point, and the two pairs of rectangular gaps are also symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular gap as the symmetry point; and one end of each rectangular gap is connected to the outer edge of the annular gap, and the other end of each rectangular gap radiates outward.

[0013] The present invention designs a microstrip slot antenna in which two rectangular slots in each pair of rectangular slots are symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular slot as the symmetrical point, and the two pairs of rectangular slots are also symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular slot as the symmetrical point; and one end of each rectangular slot is connected to the outer edge of the annular slot, and the other end of each rectangular slot radiates outward, and the annular slot is coupled with the metal conductive strip, so that the microstrip slot antenna uses the metal conductive strip as the feeding structure and the annular slot as the radiating structure. The metal conductive strip transmits the energy fed into the antenna to the annular slot, and by changing the length of the metal conductive strip The matching between the metal conducting strip and the circular gap can be adjusted; the operating frequency of the antenna can be controlled by changing the size of the circular gap; by adjusting the size of the rectangular gap and the angle with the metal conducting strip, perturbations can be introduced to make the antenna generate two orthogonal modes corresponding to two radiation resonance points, and the phase difference between the two orthogonal modes is adjusted to 90°, so that the antenna has circular polarization characteristics; therefore, a high dielectric constant medium can be directly placed on the microstrip slot antenna and directly processed into shape without manual debugging, which solves the technical problem that existing antennas still need manual debugging to eliminate performance deviations caused by product processing errors.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above solution, the annular gap is elliptical or circular.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above solution, on each rectangular gap, one end connected to the annular gap is a straight short segment, while the other opposite end is an arc long segment.

[0016] Furthermore, the arc length segment has the center of the annular gap (121) as the center of the circle, and the distance from the center of the annular gap (121) to the end of the straight short segment as the radius.

[0017] Preferably, when the annular gap is circular, its radius is 15.7 mm; the width of each rectangular gap is 0.5 mm, the length of the straight short segment is 2.3 mm, the radius of the arc length segment is 15.7+2.3=18 mm, and the arc angle of the arc length segment is 20 degrees; the angle between the line width center of the straight short segment and the line width center of the metal conduction strip is 27 degrees.

[0018] As a further improvement of the above solution, the length of the metal conductive strip is 24 mm and the width is 2.4 mm.

[0019] As a further improvement of the above solution, the side length of the metal patch is 35 mm.

[0020] As a further improvement of the above solution, the dielectric substrate is made of FR4 material with a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a loss tangent of 0.002, a side length of 35 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm.

[0021] As a further improvement of the above solution, the dielectric constant of the dielectric block is 8-60.

[0022] Furthermore, the dielectric block is made of ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 20 and a loss tangent of 0.00005, and has a rectangular parallelepiped structure with a length and width of 5 mm and a height of 3 mm.

[0023] The present invention also provides a design method for any of the above-mentioned medium-loaded silver-paste-free antennas for navigation and positioning, the design method comprising:

[0024] The matching degree between the metal conductive strip and the annular gap is adjusted by changing the length of the metal conductive strip;

[0025] and / or

[0026] The operating frequency of the microstrip slot antenna can be controlled by changing the size of the annular slot;

[0027] and / or

[0028] By adjusting the size of the rectangular slot and the angle between it and the metal conducting strip, and introducing perturbations, the slot antenna generates two orthogonal modes corresponding to two radiation resonance points. The phase difference between the two orthogonal modes is adjusted to 90 degrees, giving the slot antenna circular polarization characteristics.

[0029] and / or

[0030] The Q value of the microstrip slot antenna is changed by changing the shape, size and dielectric constant of the dielectric block, thereby balancing the miniaturization and bandwidth of the microstrip slot antenna.

[0031] The present invention also provides a method for preparing any of the above-mentioned medium-loaded silver-paste-free antennas for navigation and positioning, the method comprising the following steps:

[0032] providing a dielectric substrate;

[0033] The metal patch and the metal conductive tape are printed on the upper and lower opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate respectively;

[0034] An annular gap and two pairs of rectangular gaps are etched at the center of the metal patch, wherein the annular gap is coupled to the metal conduction band; the two rectangular gaps in each pair of rectangular gaps are symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular gap as the symmetry point, and the two pairs of rectangular gaps are also symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular gap as the symmetry point; and one end of each rectangular gap is connected to the outer edge of the annular gap, and the other end of each rectangular gap radiates outward;

[0035] The dielectric block is directly placed on the center of the surface of the dielectric substrate with the metal patch and is directly processed and formed.

[0036] Compared with the traditional ceramic microstrip antenna, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0037] 1. Material costs are greatly reduced. The main cost of traditional ceramic antennas is concentrated on the silver paste printed on the surface. The present invention eliminates the silver paste and greatly reduces the cost.

[0038] 2. The processing cost is reduced. After the model is determined, the high dielectric constant medium can be directly placed on the microstrip gap and directly processed into shape without manual debugging.

[0039] 3. The structure can be quickly adjusted to meet different needs. The present invention has a simple structure. Since navigation systems are divided into four categories, Beidou, GPS, GLONASS and Galileo, their operating frequency bands have different requirements, antennas that meet different navigation systems can be processed and manufactured after simple adjustments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a side view schematic diagram of a medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic top view of dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna;

[0043] Figure 3 for Figure 2Schematic diagram of the simulation results of the reflection coefficient S11 corresponding to the medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna;

[0044] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of simulation results of the corresponding axial ratio bandwidth of the dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna;

[0045] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the polarization gain radiation direction of the medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna corresponding to the E-plane and H-plane at the frequency of 1561MHz.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of a method for preparing a dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna according to Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] See also Figure 1 The dielectric-loaded, silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning of the present invention primarily comprises two components: a microstrip slot antenna 1 and a dielectric block 2. The dielectric block 2 is located on the upper surface of the microstrip slot antenna 1. The dielectric block 2 can have a dielectric constant of 8-60. In this embodiment, the dielectric block 2 is made of ceramic with a dielectric constant of 20 and a loss tangent of 0.00005. It is shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped, with a length, width, and height of 5 mm, and a height of 3 mm.

[0050] Please combine Figure 2 The microstrip slot antenna 1 includes a dielectric substrate 11, a metal patch 12, and a metal conductive strip 13. In this embodiment, the microstrip slot antenna 1 has a height H1 of 1 mm, and the dielectric block 2 can be a rectangular parallelepiped, preferably having a height H2 of 3 mm.

[0051] The dielectric substrate 11 may be made of FR4 material with a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a loss tangent of 0.002. In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 11 has a side length of 35 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.

[0052] Metal patch 12 and metal conductive strip 13 are printed on the upper and lower opposing surfaces of dielectric substrate 11, respectively. Metal patch 12 has an annular gap 121 and two pairs of rectangular gaps 122. Metal conductive strip 13 can be 24 mm long and 2.4 mm wide; the side length of metal patch 12 can be 35 mm.

[0053] The annular gap 121 is coupled to the metal conductive strip 13 and is elliptical or circular. In this embodiment, the annular gap 121 is circular. The two rectangular gaps 122 in each pair of rectangular gaps 122 are symmetrically arranged about the center of the annular gap 121. The two pairs of rectangular gaps 122 are also symmetrically arranged about the center of the annular gap 121. One end of each rectangular gap 122 communicates with the outer edge of the annular gap 121, and the opposite end of each rectangular gap 122 radiates outward.

[0054] The present invention is designed to a microstrip slot antenna 1, that is, as described above: the two rectangular slots 122 in each pair of rectangular slots 122 are symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular slot 121 as the symmetrical point, and the two pairs of rectangular slots 122 are also symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular slot 121 as the symmetrical point; and one end of each rectangular slot 122 is connected to the outer edge of the annular slot 121, and the other end of each rectangular slot 122 radiates outward, and the annular slot 121 is coupled with the metal conductive strip 13, so that the microstrip slot antenna 1 uses the metal conductive strip 13 as a feeding structure and the annular slot 121 as a radiating structure, and the metal conductive strip 13 transmits the energy fed into the antenna to the annular slot 121. The metal strip 13 is on the gap 121, and the matching between the metal strip 13 and the circular gap can be adjusted by changing the length of the metal strip 13; the operating frequency of the antenna can be controlled by changing the size of the circular gap; by adjusting the size of the rectangular gap 121 and the angle between it and the metal strip 13, a perturbation can be introduced to make the antenna generate two orthogonal modes corresponding to two radiation resonance points, respectively, and the phase difference between the two orthogonal modes is adjusted to 90 degrees, so that the antenna has circular polarization characteristics; therefore, a high dielectric constant medium can be directly placed on the microstrip slot antenna 1 and directly processed and formed without manual debugging, solving the technical problem that the existing antenna still needs manual debugging to eliminate the performance deviation caused by product processing errors. A wide passband of the excited antenna can cover the operating frequency bands of the four major navigation systems. The antenna has a simple and lightweight structure, excellent performance, and has the characteristics of low profile, low cost, wide axial ratio, low return loss, wide absolute bandwidth, stable radiation pattern, etc., and is suitable for the positioning function of satellite navigation systems.

[0055] Each rectangular gap 122 has a short straight segment at one end connected to the annular gap 121, and an arc segment at the other end. The arc segment has the center of the annular gap 121 as its center, and the distance from the center of the annular gap 121 to the end of the short straight segment as its radius. When the annular gap 121 is circular, its radius is preferably 15.7mm; the width of each rectangular gap 122 is preferably 0.5mm, the length of the short straight segment is preferably 2.3mm, the radius of the arc segment is preferably 15.7+2.3=18mm, and the arc angle of the arc segment is preferably 20 degrees; the angle between the center of the line width of the short straight segment and the center of the line width of the metal conductive strip 13 is preferably 27 degrees.

[0056] The dielectric block 2 of the present invention is a high-Q radio frequency material used for miniaturizing antennas. By varying the shape, size, and dielectric constant of the dielectric block 2, the antenna's Q value can be adjusted, thereby achieving a trade-off between miniaturization and bandwidth. Proper design of the microstrip slot antenna 1 and appropriate dielectric block material selection ensure that the antenna operates within the frequency bands of the four major positioning systems and meets the required radiation performance, enabling the antenna to fulfill the positioning function of navigation systems.

[0057] This embodiment provides the specific dimensional parameters of each part of the dielectric loaded silver paste-free antenna structure, and further explanation is given in conjunction with the simulation results. Please refer to Figure 3 、 4 5. The dielectric block 2 is made of ceramic with a dielectric constant of 20 and a loss tangent of 0.00005. It is a rectangular parallelepiped with a length equal to a width equal to 5 mm and a height H2 = 3 mm. The dielectric substrate 11 is made of FR4 with a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a loss tangent of 0.002. Its side length Wg = 35 mm and thickness H1 = 1 mm. The metal patch 12 has a side length Wg = 35 mm. The circular gap 121 etched in the center of the metal patch 12 has a radius R1 = 15.7 mm. A pair of rectangular gaps are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the metal patch 12, with a width Ws = 0.5 mm. The portion of the rectangular gap 122 that is connected to the annular gap 121 is a straight short segment, and the portion not connected to the annular gap 121 is an arc on a circle with a radius R1+L1=18mm and centered at the center of the metal patch 12, which is called the arc length segment of the rectangular gap 122. The angle between the line width center of the straight short segment of the rectangular gap 122 and the line width center of the metal conductive strip 13 is θ0=27 degrees, the straight short segment length L1=2.3 mm, and the arc angle θ1 of the arc length segment is 20 degrees. One end of the metal conductive strip 13 is located at the edge below the dielectric substrate 11, and its length L0=24 mm and width W0=2.4 mm.

[0058] 1. Simulation content

[0059] 1.1 The commercial electromagnetic simulation software HFSS2019 is used to simulate the reflection coefficient S11 curve of the antenna in the embodiment of the present invention under the condition of coaxial feeding. The results are as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0060] 1.2 The commercial electromagnetic simulation software HFSS2019 was used to simulate the curve of the axial ratio of the antenna with angle variation under the coaxial feeding condition of the embodiment of the present invention. The results are as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0061] 1.3 The commercial electromagnetic simulation software HFSS2019 was used to simulate the polarization gain patterns of the E-plane (Phi=0°) and H-plane (Phi=90°) of the antenna at a frequency of 1561 MHz under the coaxial feeding condition of the embodiment of the present invention. The results are as follows: Figure 6 shown.

[0062] 2. Simulation results

[0063] See also Figure 3 The horizontal axis of the graph is frequency, measured in GHz, ranging from 1.50 GHz to 1.60 GHz. The vertical axis is the S11 parameter amplitude, measured in decibels, ranging from -22.5 dB to 0 dB. S11 is less than -10 dB in the 1.554 GHz to 1.566 GHz band, with an absolute bandwidth of 12 MHz. At 1558 MHz, S11 is -20 dB, indicating that the antenna operates normally within this frequency band.

[0064] See also Figure 4 The horizontal axis in the figure is the angle, in degrees, ranging from -180 degrees to 180 degrees, and the vertical axis is the decibel value of the axial ratio AR parameter amplitude, in dB, ranging from 0dB to 30dB. The AR is less than 3dB in the -50-50 degree frequency band, achieving a 3dB beamwidth of 100 degrees, indicating that the antenna meets the performance requirements of BeiDou-1 positioning and has good right-hand circular polarization characteristics in this frequency band.

[0065] See also Figure 5 , which is the antenna's radiation pattern at a frequency of 1561 MHz. The right-hand circularly polarized gain curves for the antenna in the E-plane (Phi = 0°) and H-plane (Phi = 90°) are almost identical, with the maximum gain direction at 0° and a right-hand circularly polarized gain of 3.0 dBic.

[0066] The simulation results show that the antenna can work normally within the frequency band of 1561MHz, and the antenna performance meets the Beidou positioning frequency range, standing wave, gain, planning and other index requirements.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] This embodiment provides a design method for a dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna, which can be applied to the dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna of Example 1. The design method can adjust the degree of matching between the metal conductive tape 13 and the annular gap 121 by changing the length of the metal conductive tape 13; the operating frequency of the microstrip slot antenna 1 can be controlled by changing the size of the annular gap 121; the size of the rectangular gap 122 and the angle between the rectangular gap 122 and the metal conductive tape 13 can be adjusted to introduce perturbations, so that the slot antenna 1 generates two orthogonal modes corresponding to two radiation resonance points respectively, and the phase difference between the two orthogonal modes is adjusted to a difference of 90°, so that the slot antenna 1 has a circular polarization characteristic; the Q value of the microstrip slot antenna 1 can be changed by changing the shape, size and dielectric constant of the dielectric block 2, thereby balancing the degree of miniaturization and bandwidth of the microstrip slot antenna 1.

[0069] If the dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna designed in this embodiment adopts the above design points, it can realize the dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna as shown in Example 1, and have the effect of a dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] See also Figure 6 The method for preparing the dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna of this embodiment can prepare the dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna of embodiments 1 and 2.

[0072] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0073] Providing a dielectric substrate 11;

[0074] The metal patch 12 and the metal conductive tape 13 are printed on the upper and lower opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate 11 respectively;

[0075] An annular gap 121 and two pairs of rectangular gaps 122 are etched at the center of the metal patch 12, wherein the annular gap 121 is coupled to the metal conductive strip 13. The two rectangular gaps 122 in each pair of rectangular gaps 122 are symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular gap 121 as the symmetry point, and the two pairs of rectangular gaps 122 are also symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular gap 121 as the symmetry point. One end of each rectangular gap 122 is connected to the outer edge of the annular gap 121, and the other end of each rectangular gap 122 radiates outward.

[0076] The dielectric block 2 is directly placed on the center of the surface of the dielectric substrate 11 having the metal patch 12 and is directly processed and formed.

[0077] The microstrip slot antenna 1 designed in the present invention uses a metal conductive strip 13 as a feeding structure and a circular slot, or an annular slot 121, as a radiating structure. The metal conductive strip 13 transmits energy fed into the antenna to the circular slot, and the matching between the metal conductive strip 13 and the circular slot can be adjusted by changing the length of the metal conductive strip 13. The operating frequency of the antenna is controlled by changing the size of the circular slot. By adjusting the size of the rectangular slot 122 and the angle between the rectangular slot 122 and the metal conductive strip 13, perturbations can be introduced, causing the antenna to generate two orthogonal modes corresponding to two radiation resonance points, respectively. The phase difference between the two orthogonal modes is adjusted to 90 degrees, giving the antenna circular polarization characteristics. The dielectric block 2 is a high-Q radio frequency material used for antenna miniaturization. By changing the shape, size, and dielectric constant of the dielectric block 2, the Q value of the antenna can be changed, thereby balancing the degree of miniaturization and bandwidth of the antenna. The rational design of the microstrip slot antenna 1 and the appropriate selection of the dielectric block 2 material enable the antenna to operate normally within the frequency bands of the four major positioning systems and meet the radiation index requirements of positioning, allowing the antenna to realize the positioning function of the navigation system.

[0078] In summary, the dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna of the present invention has the following advantages over the traditional ceramic microstrip antenna:

[0079] 1. Material costs are significantly reduced. The main cost of traditional ceramic antennas is concentrated on the silver paste printed on the surface. This invention eliminates the silver paste, significantly reducing costs.

[0080] 2. Processing costs are reduced. After the model is determined, the high dielectric constant medium can be directly placed on the microstrip gap and directly processed into shape without manual debugging;

[0081] 3. The structure can be quickly adjusted to meet different needs. The present invention has a simple structure. Since navigation systems are divided into four categories, Beidou, GPS, GLONASS and Galileo, their operating frequency bands have different requirements, antennas that meet different navigation systems can be processed and manufactured after simple adjustments.

[0082] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A dielectric-loaded, silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning, comprising: A microstrip slot antenna (1) comprising a dielectric substrate (11) and a metal patch (12) and a metal conductive strip (13) printed on upper and lower opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate (11), the metal conductive strip (13) serving as a feeding structure of the microstrip slot antenna (1), and the metal patch (12) serving as a radiation structure of the microstrip slot antenna (1); as well as A dielectric block (2) is mounted on a surface of a dielectric substrate (11) having a metal patch (12) and is located at a central position of the metal patch (12); It is characterized in that the metal patch (12) has: an annular gap (121) coupled to the metal conducting strip (13); Two pairs of rectangular slot groups, wherein the two rectangular slots (122) in each pair of rectangular slot groups are rotationally symmetrical about the center of the annular slot (121), and the two pairs of rectangular slot groups are also symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular slot (121) as the symmetry point; and one end of each rectangular slot (122) is connected to the outer edge of the annular slot (121), and the other end of each rectangular slot (122) radiates outward; by adjusting the size of the rectangular slot (122) and the angle between the rectangular slot (122) and the metal conductive strip (13), a perturbation is introduced, so that the antenna generates two orthogonal modes corresponding to two radiation resonance points respectively, and the phase difference of the two orthogonal modes is adjusted to a difference of 90 degrees, so that the antenna has a circular polarization characteristic; On each rectangular gap (122), one end of the straight short segment connected to the annular gap (121) is a straight short segment, and the other end opposite thereto is an arc long segment; the arc long segment takes the center of the annular gap (121) as the center of the circle, and takes the distance from the center of the annular gap (121) to the end of the straight short segment as the radius; when the annular gap (121) is circular, its radius is 15.7 mm; the width of each rectangular gap (122) is 0.5 mm, the length of the straight short segment is 2.3 mm, the radius of the arc long segment is 15.7+2.3=18 mm, and the arc angle of the arc long segment is 20 degrees; the angle between the line width center of the straight short segment and the line width center of the metal conductive strip (13) is 27 degrees.

2. The medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the metal conductive strip (13) is 24 mm and the width is 2.4 mm.

3. The medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning according to claim 1, wherein: The side length of the metal patch (12) is 35 mm.

4. The medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning according to claim 1, wherein: The dielectric substrate (11) is made of FR4 material with a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a loss tangent of 0.002, and has a side length of 35 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.

5. The medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning according to claim 1, wherein: The dielectric constant of the dielectric block (2) is 8-60.

6. The medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dielectric block (2) is made of ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 20 and a loss tangent of 0.00005, and has a rectangular parallelepiped structure with a length and width of 5 mm and a height of 3 mm.

7. A method for designing a dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The design method is: The degree of matching between the metal conductive strip (13) and the annular gap (121) is adjusted by changing the length of the metal conductive strip (13).

8. A method for designing a dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The design method is: controlling the operating frequency of the microstrip slot antenna (1) by changing the size of the annular slot (121).

9. A method for designing a dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The design method comprises the following steps: by adjusting the size of the rectangular slot (122) and the angle between the slot and the metal conducting strip (13), a perturbation is introduced, so that the slot antenna (1) generates two orthogonal modes corresponding to two radiation resonance points respectively, and the phase difference between the two orthogonal modes is adjusted to 90 degrees, so that the slot antenna (1) has a circular polarization characteristic.

10. A method for designing a dielectric-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The design method comprises the following steps: changing the Q value of the microstrip slot antenna (1) by changing the shape, size and dielectric constant of the dielectric block (2), thereby balancing the miniaturization degree and bandwidth of the microstrip slot antenna (1).

11. A method for preparing a medium-loaded silver-paste-free antenna for navigation and positioning according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: Providing a dielectric substrate (11); The metal patch (12) and the metal conductive tape (13) are respectively printed on the upper and lower opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate (11); An annular gap (121) and two pairs of rectangular gap groups are etched at the center of the metal patch (12), wherein the annular gap (121) is coupled with the metal conduction band (13); the two rectangular gaps (122) in each pair of rectangular gap groups are symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular gap (121) as a symmetric point, and the two pairs of rectangular gap groups are also symmetrically arranged with the center of the annular gap (121) as a symmetric point; and one end of each rectangular gap (122) is connected to the outer edge of the annular gap (121), and the other end of each rectangular gap (122) radiates outward; The dielectric block (2) is directly placed on the center of the surface of the dielectric substrate (11) having the metal patch (12) and is directly processed and formed.

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