A comprehensive analysis method and system for observing system full uniformity

Abstract

The application provides a comprehensive analysis method and system for observing system full uniformity, and belongs to the field of oil and gas geophysical exploration. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a simulation geological model according to a geological task; simulating and analyzing a simulation maximum offset and a simulation trace interval meeting fullness requirements in the simulation geological model; uniformly arranging receivers at intervals of the simulation trace interval between the simulation maximum offset and the simulation minimum offset; obtaining distribution attributes of each bin offset in a to-be-evaluated observing system; and correlating the distribution attributes of each bin offset in the observing system with standard bin offset distribution attributes respectively to judge the uniformity and fullness of the to-be-evaluated observing system. The application compares each bin in the observing system with a standard bin to evaluate whether the observing system meets the requirements of fullness and uniformity, and obtains an observing system capable of meeting the wave field of fullness and uniformity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas geophysical exploration, specifically relating to a comprehensive analysis method and system for the full homogeneity of an observation system. Background Technology

[0002] Observation system design is the first step in seismic acquisition, and selecting the right system is crucial, determining the success or failure of seismic acquisition and imaging. Currently, there are many evaluation methods for observation systems, but generally, these methods only evaluate homogeneity, not sufficiency. Seismic wavefield imaging requires the acquired wavefield to meet both homogeneity and sufficiency requirements; neither can be lacking. For example, some observation systems have very uniform shot-receiver offsets, distributed at equal intervals from small to large, but have low coverage times and large shot-receiver offsets. This results in poor wavefield sufficiency, leading to significant migration aliasing after pre-stack migration processing, failing to meet imaging requirements. Using current evaluation methods that only consider the homogeneity of the observation system for such systems is prone to errors in seismic data acquisition and imaging. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a comprehensive analysis method for the sufficient homogeneity of an observation system, the method comprising the following steps:

[0004] S1, Establish a simulated geological model based on the geological task;

[0005] S2, in the simulated geological model, the distribution properties of the standard surface element shot-receiver distance are analyzed using the forward modeling method, and its output array is calculated as the standard surface element array;

[0006] S3, obtain the shot-receiver distance distribution attributes of each surface element in the observation system to be evaluated, and calculate its output array as the surface element array of the observation system;

[0007] S4. Correlate each surface element array of the observation system with the standard surface element array to determine the uniformity and sufficiency of the observation system to be evaluated.

[0008] The standard surface element shot-receiver distance distribution attributes mentioned in step S1 include simulated maximum shot-receiver distance, simulated minimum shot-receiver distance, and simulated track distance.

[0009] The steps for obtaining the simulated maximum shot-receiver distance are as follows: a geological model consistent with the geological task is established using the stratum depth, velocity, density, and structure provided by the seismic source; forward modeling is performed using Ricker wavelet; seismic data is simulated using the wave equation simulation method; the seismic data is analyzed; and the simulated maximum shot-receiver distance is obtained from the simulation analysis.

[0010] In this configuration, detectors are uniformly spaced between the simulated maximum shot-receiver distance and the simulated minimum shot-receiver distance, with the simulated track spacing length as the interval.

[0011] In step S1, the software used to establish the simulated geological model is Tesseral software.

[0012] The present invention also provides a comprehensive analysis system for the full uniformity of an observation system, comprising:

[0013] Simulated geological model building unit: Builds a simulated geological model based on the geological task;

[0014] Standard surface element shot-receiver distance distribution attribute analysis unit: The standard surface element shot-receiver distance distribution attribute is analyzed using forward modeling in the simulated geological model, and its output array is calculated as the standard surface element array;

[0015] The unit for acquiring the shot-receiver distance distribution attributes of each element in the observation system is to acquire the shot-receiver distance distribution attributes of each element in the observation system to be evaluated, and calculate its output array as the array of each element in the observation system.

[0016] Judgment Unit: Correlate each surface element array of the observation system with the standard surface element array to determine the uniformity and sufficiency of the observation system to be evaluated.

[0017] The standard surface element shot-receiver distance distribution attributes include simulated maximum shot-receiver distance, simulated minimum shot-receiver distance, and simulated track distance.

[0018] The standard surface element shot-receiver distance distribution attribute analysis unit is used to: establish a geological model consistent with the geological task based on the stratum depth, velocity, density, structure, etc. provided by the seismic source; perform forward modeling using Ricker wavelet; simulate seismic data using the wave equation simulation method; analyze the seismic data; and obtain the simulated maximum shot-receiver distance from the simulation analysis.

[0019] In this configuration, detectors are uniformly spaced between the simulated maximum shot-receiver distance and the simulated minimum shot-receiver distance, with the simulated track spacing length as the interval.

[0020] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer-executable program, which, when executed by the computer, causes the computer to perform the various steps in the comprehensive analysis method for the full uniformity of the observation system described above.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention uses forward modeling and correlation calculation methods to study the sufficiency and uniformity of the observation system for target imaging. The rationality of the method has been verified by the actual observation system. The method can obtain a more scientific and reasonable evaluation of the observation system, meet the imaging requirements, and overcome the problem that the current method only performs quantitative analysis on the uniformity of the observation system, but cannot consider the requirement of sufficient wavefield acquisition of the observation system. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the comprehensive analysis method for the full uniformity of the observation system provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0023] Figure 2 The evaluation effect diagram of the quantitative analysis and observation system provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the comprehensive analysis system for the full uniformity of the observation system provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] This invention provides a comprehensive analysis method for the adequacy and uniformity of an observation system. The method includes first establishing a simulated geological model based on the geological task using Tesseral software; then analyzing the standard surface element shot-receiver distance distribution attributes that meet the minimum requirements for adequacy and uniformity within the simulated geological model using forward modeling; next, analyzing the shot-receiver distance distribution attributes of each surface element in the observation system for the geological task under test, and comparing their correlation with the aforementioned standard surface element shot-receiver distance distribution attributes; and determining the uniformity and adequacy of the observation system based on the comparison results. This method can better evaluate and judge whether the observation system meets the imaging requirements, and can qualitatively determine the quality of the observation system, which is more scientific and reasonable than current analysis methods that only consider the uniformity of the observation system.

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0027]

Example 1

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the comprehensive analysis method for the full homogeneity of the observation system provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0029] S1, Establish a simulated geological model based on the geological task;

[0030] Based on the geological task requirements, a simulated geological model consistent with the geological task is established using Tesseral software, based on the stratigraphic depth, velocity, density, and structure provided by the seismic source.

[0031] S2, The distribution properties of standard surface element shot-receiver distance are analyzed using forward modeling in the simulated geological model;

[0032] In the simulated geological model, the shot point is placed on the target point for forward modeling analysis. The maximum shot-receiver distance in the simulated geological model is preset, and the shot point and receiver are arranged on the ground of the simulated geological model. By exciting the shot point in the simulated geological model, forward modeling is performed using the Ricker wavelet. The wave equation simulation method is used to simulate seismic data. The seismic data is analyzed to obtain the simulated maximum shot-receiver distance. Different trace spacings are changed in the simulated geological model, with the trace spacings changing from small to large, such as 1m, 2m, 3m, etc. The simulated trace spacing that can meet the requirements of sufficient wavefield acquisition is obtained through forward modeling analysis. For example, if 10m is found to meet the minimum sufficiency requirement, then a simulated trace spacing of 10m is adopted.

[0033] Based on the simulated maximum and simulated trace spacing of the geological simulation model, the standard surface element shot-receiver distance distribution attributes are analyzed. Within this surface element, the shot-receiver distance distribution includes detectors uniformly placed at intervals equal to the simulated trace spacing length between the simulated maximum and minimum shot-receiver distances (using a universal value). This results in a completely uniform standard surface element shot-receiver distance distribution attribute that meets sufficiency requirements. The output array for calculating this standard surface element shot-receiver distance distribution attribute is the standard surface element array.

[0034] S3, obtain the shot-receiver distance distribution attributes of each surface element in the observation system to be evaluated;

[0035] The observation system to be evaluated is divided into multiple facets. The output array of the shot-receiver distance distribution attribute of each facet in the observation system is calculated as the facet array of the observation system.

[0036] S4. Correlate each surface element array of the observation system in step S3 with the standard surface element array in step S2 to determine the uniformity and sufficiency of the observation system to be evaluated.

[0037] The correlation between each element array of the observation system and the standard element array is calculated. The larger the correlation value, the better the uniformity and sufficiency of the observation system. Conversely, the smaller the correlation value, the worse the uniformity and sufficiency of the observation system, and the less it meets the imaging requirements.

[0038]

Example 2

[0039] To facilitate understanding of the solutions and effects of the embodiments of the present invention, a specific application example is provided as follows:

[0040] A comprehensive analysis method for the homogeneity of an observation system includes the following steps: collecting relevant data, including stratigraphic data, seismic interpretation profiles, velocity and density data, etc., according to the requirements of the geological task, and establishing a simulated geological model that conforms to the geological task based on these data.

[0041] In a simulated geological model, shot points are placed at the target point for forward modeling analysis. The maximum shot-receiver distance in the simulated geological model is preset, and the shot points and receivers are arranged on the ground of the simulated geological model. Shot points are excited in the simulated geological model, and forward modeling is performed using the Ricker wavelet. Seismic data is simulated using the wave equation method, and analysis is performed based on the seismic data to derive the simulated maximum shot-receiver distance. For example, the simulated maximum shot-receiver distance in the simulated geological model is 5000m. Different trace spacings are changed in the simulated geological model, with the trace spacings increasing sequentially (e.g., 1m, 2m, 3m, etc.). Through forward modeling analysis, it is determined what trace spacing is sufficient for adequate wavefield acquisition. For example, through FK analysis and migration imaging analysis, 10m meets the minimum requirement for sufficient wavefield acquisition, so a simulated trace spacing of 10m is selected.

[0042] Based on the analysis of the simulated maximum shot-receiver distance and simulated track distance of the observation system, the shot-receiver distance attribute of the standard surface element is obtained. The shot-receiver distance distribution within the standard surface element includes the simulated maximum shot-receiver distance and the simulated minimum shot-receiver distance. Detectors are uniformly set between the simulated maximum shot-receiver distance and the simulated minimum shot-receiver distance at intervals of 10m, thereby obtaining a completely uniform standard surface element shot-receiver distance attribute that meets the sufficiency requirements. The output array is calculated as the standard surface element array.

[0043] The observation system is divided into multiple facets, and the output array of the shot-receiver distance distribution attribute of each facet in the observation system is the facet array of the observation system.

[0044] The observation system's individual element arrays are correlated with the standard element arrays, and the correlation values ​​are calculated. The larger the correlation value, the better the uniformity and sufficiency of the observation system; conversely, the smaller the correlation value, the worse the uniformity and sufficiency of the observation system, and the less it meets the imaging requirements, at which point the process ends.

[0045] Figure 2 The figure shows the evaluation conclusion of the observation system obtained by using this method. It can clearly show the difference between each surface element and the optimal sufficiency and uniformity surface element attributes in the observation system established in the geological task, so as to judge the quality of the observation system.

[0046] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer-executable program, which, when executed by the computer, causes the computer to perform the various steps in the comprehensive analysis method for the full uniformity of the observation system described above.

[0047]

Example 3

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a comprehensive analysis system for the full uniformity of an observation system, the system comprising:

[0049] Simulated geological model building unit: Builds a simulated geological model based on the geological task;

[0050] Standard surface element shot-receiver distance distribution attribute analysis unit: The standard surface element shot-receiver distance distribution attribute is analyzed using forward modeling in the simulated geological model, and its output array is calculated as the standard surface element array; the shot-receiver distance distribution attribute of this surface element includes the simulated maximum shot-receiver distance, the simulated minimum shot-receiver distance, and the simulated track spacing.

[0051] The unit for acquiring the shot-receiver offset distribution attributes of each element in the observation system acquires the shot-receiver offset distribution attributes of each element in the observation system to be evaluated, and calculates its output array as the array of each element in the observation system. The steps for obtaining the simulated maximum shot-receiver offset are as follows: A geological model consistent with the geological task is established using the stratigraphic depth, velocity, density, and structure provided by the seismic source; forward modeling is performed using the Ricker wavelet; seismic data is simulated using the wave equation simulation method; analysis is performed based on the seismic data; and the simulated maximum shot-receiver offset is obtained through simulation analysis. Detectors are uniformly placed between the simulated maximum and minimum shot-receiver offsets at intervals equal to the simulated trace spacing length.

[0052] Judgment Unit: Correlate each surface element array of the observation system with the standard surface element array to determine the uniformity and sufficiency of the observation system to be evaluated.

[0053] This invention utilizes forward modeling and correlation calculation methods to study the sufficiency and uniformity of the observation system for target imaging. It can obtain a more scientific and reasonable evaluation of the observation system, meet the imaging requirements, and overcome the current problem that only quantitative analysis of the uniformity of the observation system is performed, while the requirement for the sufficiency of wavefield acquisition of the observation system cannot be considered.

Claims

1. A comprehensive analysis method for observing the uniformity of a system, characterized by, The method comprises the steps of: S1, establishing a simulation geological model according to a geological task; S2, obtaining a standard bin shot distance distribution attribute which is completely uniform and meets the sufficiency requirement in the simulation geological model by using a forward simulation method, and calculating an output array thereof as a standard bin array; The standard bin shot distance distribution attribute is simulated according to a simulation maximum shot distance and a simulation trace distance of the simulation geological model; The receivers are uniformly arranged at intervals of the simulation trace distance between the simulation maximum shot distance and the simulation minimum shot distance; S3, obtaining a bin shot distance distribution attribute in each bin of an observation system to be evaluated, and calculating an output array thereof as a bin array of the observation system; S4, correlating the bin array of the observation system with the standard bin array respectively, and judging the uniformity and sufficiency of the observation system; The standard bin shot distance distribution attribute in the step S2 comprises a simulation maximum shot distance, a simulation minimum shot distance and a simulation trace distance; The simulation maximum shot distance is obtained by providing a stratum depth, a velocity, a density and a structure of a seismic source, establishing a simulation geological model corresponding to the geological task, performing forward simulation by using a Rayleigh wavelet, simulating seismic data by using a wave equation simulation method, and analyzing the seismic data to obtain the simulation maximum shot distance; The simulation trace distance is obtained by selecting trace distances which change from small to large in sequence, changing different trace distances in the simulation geological model, and obtaining a simulation trace distance which meets the requirement of wave field acquisition sufficiency by forward simulation analysis.

2. The comprehensive analysis method of the observation system's sufficient uniformity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The software used for establishing the simulation geological model in the step S1 is Tesseral software.

3. An integrated analysis system for observing the uniformity of a system, characterized by: The method comprises the steps of: a simulation geological model establishing unit which establishes a simulation geological model according to a geological task; a standard bin shot distance distribution attribute analyzing unit which obtains a standard bin shot distance distribution attribute which is completely uniform and meets the sufficiency requirement in the simulation geological model by using a forward simulation method, and calculates an output array thereof as a standard bin array; an observation system bin shot distance distribution attribute obtaining unit which obtains a bin shot distance distribution attribute in each bin of an observation system to be evaluated, and calculates an output array thereof as a bin array of the observation system; a judging unit which correlates the bin array of the observation system with the standard bin array respectively, and judges the uniformity and sufficiency of the observation system to be evaluated; The standard bin shot distance distribution attribute comprises a simulation maximum shot distance, a simulation minimum shot distance and a simulation trace distance; The standard bin shot distance distribution attribute is simulated according to a simulation maximum shot distance and a simulation trace distance of the simulation geological model; and the receivers are uniformly arranged at intervals of the simulation trace distance between the simulation maximum shot distance and the simulation minimum shot distance. The standard bin shot distance distribution attribute analysis unit is used for: establishing a geological model in accordance with a geological task through stratum depth, velocity, density and structure provided by a seismic source, performing forward modeling with a Ricker wavelet, simulating seismic data by using a wave equation simulation method, and performing analysis according to the seismic data, and obtaining a simulated maximum shot distance by simulation analysis; the simulated trace interval is obtained by: selecting trace intervals that change from small to large in turn, changing different trace intervals in the simulated geological model, and obtaining a simulated trace interval that meets the requirement of wave field acquisition sufficiency by forward modeling analysis; and the geophones are uniformly arranged at intervals of the simulated trace interval length between the simulated maximum shot distance and the simulated minimum shot distance.

4. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer readable storage medium stores at least one program executable by a computer, and the at least one program, when executed by the computer, causes the computer to perform the steps in the comprehensive analysis method of observation system sufficiency uniformity according to any one of claims 1-2.

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