A mine modification enhancer and method of use thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a mining modifier and its application method. The modifier is prepared by mixing the following components in the following mass ratio: 90-92 parts water, 2.6-3.5 parts thermal expansion agent, 2.6-3.5 parts stabilizing thickener, 2.6-2.8 parts modifier, and 0.1-0.2 parts regulator. The application method includes the use of the modifier for deep-hole blasting and the use of the modifier for shallow-hole blasting. The preparation method of this invention is simple and convenient to operate, the raw materials are widely available and the cost is low, and it can be used for large-scale production. It has a strong ability to improve blasting efficiency, reduces the amount of explosives used in the main equipment, and meets the requirements of energy conservation, environmental protection, and reduction of harmful effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to explosives and their preparation methods, belonging to the field of blasting mining. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of basic engineering projects and the construction of water conservancy, hydropower, and high-speed railways, industrial explosives, as special materials, are widely used in blasting applications in various engineering constructions. However, with the continuous development and progress of technology and the increasingly stringent requirements for environmental protection, the promotion and application of new processes, new products, and new technologies are in line with the needs of the new situation.

[0003] Currently, industrial explosives are widely used in engineering applications, but their utilization rate is low, with effective blasting reaching only 30% of the explosive energy. A large amount of explosive energy is consumed in the explosion process, which not only brings a lot of harmful blasting effects and adverse impacts to engineering projects, but also fails to meet the needs of environmental protection and clean energy conservation projects.

[0004] The development of new technologies in industrial explosives and the widespread application of electronic digital detonators have greatly improved production efficiency and mitigated the harm caused by the harmful effects of blasting, but they have not fundamentally solved the problem. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a mining modifier and enhancer, which is prepared from the following components in the indicated mass ratios:

[0006] Water 90-92 parts, thermal expansion agent 2.6-3.5 parts, stabilizing thickener 2.6-3.5 parts, reinforcing agent 2.6-2.8 parts, regulator 0.1-0.2 parts;

[0007] The water component is filtered tap water or natural mineral water.

[0008] The thermal expansion agent is composed of one or more of stearic acid, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sodium glycocholate.

[0009] The stabilizing thickener is composed of one or more of maltodextrin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide, and glacial acetic acid.

[0010] The enhancing agent is composed of one or more of the following: sodium saccharin, ammonium bicarbonate, sucrose, hemicellulase, polyanionic cellulose ether, and neutral protease.

[0011] The regulator is composed of one or two of a neutral surfactant and a pigment, wherein the neutral surfactant is palmitol or sorbitol; and the pigment is curcumin or tartrazine.

[0012] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0013] 1. Weigh out the heat expansion agent, stabilizer thickener and reinforcing agent according to the above mass ratio, add them to the container, heat and mix them. The heating temperature is 90-105℃, and the stirring and melting time is 10-15 minutes. Then stop heating and set aside.

[0014] 2. Weigh the water according to the above mass ratio, put it into the container, and then add the components prepared in step 1 above and stir for 15-20 minutes.

[0015] 3. Weigh out a small amount of the regulator according to the above mass and slowly add it to the container. Continue stirring for 5-10 minutes to mix it thoroughly. Stop stirring after it is evenly mixed. The resulting liquid is lemon yellow or light yellow, which is the mining modifier and enhancer.

[0016] The method of using the mining modifier includes the following steps:

[0017] 1. Application method for deep hole blasting: Drilling blasting with a hole diameter greater than 50-250mm and a hole depth greater than 5.0-20m;

[0018] 1) The design height of the steps is 5.0-15.0m, and the method of multiple rows of triangular holes or single row of straight vertical holes is adopted;

[0019] 2) The minimum resistance line is 2.5-5.0m, the drilling depth is 6.0m-18.0m, the hole spacing is 3.0m-5.5m, and the row spacing is 2.5m-5.0m;

[0020] 3) The explosive consumption is 0.35-0.40 kg / m³. The charging structure is as follows: for powdered ammonium nitrate explosives, a spaced-coupled charging structure is used; for emulsion explosives, a spaced-uncoupled charging structure is used. Specific operation:

[0021] When the drilling depth exceeds 10m, the first step is to fill the bottom of the hole with a mining modifier and enhancer at 5.0% of the drilling depth, followed by explosives at 30% of the drilling depth, and then insert the detonator and initiator for the first explosive section, with the lead wire extending out. The second step is to fill the bottom of the hole with a mining modifier and enhancer at 20% of the drilling depth, followed by explosives at 20% of the drilling depth, and then insert the detonator and initiator for the second explosive section, with the lead wire extending out. The third step is to fill the hole, completing the loading process.

[0022] When the drilling depth is within 5-10m, the first step is to load 30% of the drilling depth of explosives into the bottom of the hole, place the first section of detonating charge and detonator, and extend the lead wire; the second step is to load 25% of the drilling depth of mining modifier and enhancer, and after a gap, load another 20% of the drilling depth of explosives, place the second section of detonating charge and detonator, and extend the lead wire; the third step is to fill the hole to complete the loading.

[0023] 2. Application method for shallow hole blasting: Drilling and blasting with a hole diameter of 38-50mm and a hole depth of 1-5.0m;

[0024] 1) The height of the small step is 1.0m-5.0m, which is suitable for multiple rows or single rows of scattered holes, and for vertical, horizontal and inclined drilling methods;

[0025] 2) The minimum resistance line is 0.3-1.0m, the drilling depth is 1.0m-5.0m, the hole spacing is 0.3m-1.0m, and the row spacing is 0.3m-1.0m;

[0026] 3) The explosive consumption is 0.5 kg / m³, and the charging adopts an intermittent, uncoupled charging structure. The specific steps are as follows:

[0027] The first step involves loading 30% of the drilling depth of explosives into the bottom of the hole, placing the first section of detonating charge and detonator, and extending the lead wire. The second step involves loading 20% ​​of the drilling depth of mining modifier and enhancer, followed by another 20% of the drilling depth of explosives, and then placing the second section of detonating charge and detonator, and extending the lead wire. The third step involves filling the hole to complete the loading process.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

[0029] 1) The preparation method of this invention is simple and easy to operate, the raw materials are widely available and the cost is low, and it can be used for large-scale production.

[0030] 2) As an auxiliary device, this invention has a strong ability to improve blasting efficiency and reduces the amount of explosives used in the main equipment, which meets the requirements of energy conservation, environmental protection and reduction of harmful effects;

[0031] 3) The technical solution of the present invention is applicable to various mines, large-scale earthwork leveling projects, road excavation, urban controlled blasting, and shallow hole blasting tunnel excavation in complex environments, and has good safety. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the explosive loading structure for a drilling depth of 10m-20m;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the charging structure for boreholes with a depth of 1.0-9m. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] It is made from the following components in the indicated mass ratios:

[0037] 90 parts natural mineral water, 1.5 parts stearic acid, 2 parts sodium lauryl sulfate, 1.5 parts maltodextrin, 2 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2.8 parts ammonium bicarbonate, 0.1 parts palmitol, and 0.1 parts curcumin;

[0038] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0039] 1) Add 1.5 parts stearic acid, 2 parts sodium lauryl sulfate, 1.5 parts maltodextrin, 2 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 2.8 parts ammonium bicarbonate to a container, heat and mix them at a temperature of 95-105℃ for 12 minutes, then stop heating and set aside.

[0040] 2. Pour 90 parts of natural mineral water into another container, then add the components prepared in step 1 above and stir for 15 minutes.

[0041] 3. Slowly add 0.1 parts of palmitol and 0.1 parts of curcumin to the container and continue stirring for 5-10 minutes to mix them thoroughly, resulting in a lemon-yellow or pale yellow liquid, which is the mining modifier.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] It is made from the following components in the indicated mass ratios:

[0044] 90 parts natural mineral water, 1.5 parts sodium lauryl sulfate, 2 parts sodium cholate, 2 parts polyacrylamide, 1.5 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.8 parts sucrose, 1.0 part sodium saccharin, 0.1 part sorbitol, and 0.1 part tartrazine;

[0045] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0046] 1) Add 1.5 parts sodium dodecyl sulfate, 2 parts sodium cholate, 2 parts polyacrylamide, 1.55 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.8 parts sucrose, and 1.0 part sodium saccharin to a container, heat and mix, the heating temperature is 95-105℃, the stirring and dissolving time is 12 minutes, then stop heating and set aside.

[0047] 2. Pour 90 parts of natural mineral water into another container, then add the components prepared in step 1 above and stir for 15 minutes.

[0048] 3. Slowly add 0.1 parts of sorbitol and 0.1 parts of tartrazine to the container and continue stirring for 5-10 minutes to mix them thoroughly, resulting in a lemon-yellow or pale yellow liquid, which is the mining modifier and enhancer.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] It is made from the following components in the indicated mass ratios:

[0051] 92 parts natural mineral water, 2.7 parts sodium dodecyl sulfate, 2.6 parts sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2.6 parts ammonium bicarbonate, and 0.1 parts sorbitol;

[0052] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0053] 1) Add 2.7 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 2.6 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 2.6 parts of ammonium bicarbonate to a container, heat and mix them at a temperature of 95-105℃, and stir for 12 minutes to dissolve. Then stop heating and set aside.

[0054] 2) Pour 90 parts of water into another container, then add the components prepared in step 1 above and stir for 15 minutes.

[0055] 3. Slowly add 0.1 parts of sorbitol to the container and continue stirring for 7 minutes to mix thoroughly, resulting in a lemon-yellow or pale yellow liquid, which is the mineral modifier and enhancer.

[0056] The following are examples of the application methods of mining modifiers and enhancers. Please refer to them. Figure 1 , Figure 2 ;

[0057] I. Case Study of the Xingxiu to Sanyuan Highway Construction Project in Dafang County

[0058] This project is a rural road construction project with a total length of 11.54km. The excavation section is concentrated within the range of K5+600—K6+220, with a design elevation of 1341.789m, a ground elevation of 1358.002m, a roadbed width of 10.02m, high slopes of 1:0.5 and 1:0.3, a low slope of 1:0.75, a maximum excavation depth of 16.21m, a step height of 5-9m, and a blast hole diameter of φ90mm. The line length is 2.5-3.0m, the hole spacing is 3.0-3.5m, the row spacing is 2.5-3.0m, the hole depth is 6-10m, the main charge is powdered ammonium nitrate explosive with a single consumption of 0.35kg / m³, the charge per linear meter is 4.5-5.0kg / m, the filling length is 2.5-3.0m, the charge per hole is ≤25kg, and the blasting capacity per hole is 45-50m³. The number of holes, the total charge, and the total blasting volume are determined by the actual project conditions.

[0059] On November 18, 2020, the section from k5+600 to k5+790 was modified using the additive from Example 1;

[0060] Specific operations:

[0061] The first step is to fill the bottom of the hole with explosives to 30% of the drilling depth, then place the first explosive charge and detonator, and extend the lead wire.

[0062] The second step involves loading a mining modifier and reinforcing agent to 25% of the borehole depth, followed by an interval and loading explosives to 20% of the borehole depth. Then, the second detonating charge and detonator are placed in the detonator section, and the lead wire is extended.

[0063] The third step is filling, which completes the loading of the explosive.

[0064] In this example, there are a total of 135 holes, a charge of 1748 kg, a blast volume of 6908 m3, a charge of 13 kg per hole, a blast volume of 51.17 m3 per hole, and an explosive consumption of 0.25 kg / m3.

[0065] Comparison of actual drug consumption with project design:

[0066] Compared with the original design, the single-hole charge is 13kg, which is 12kg less than the project design of ≤25kg per hole; the proportion of charge is reduced by 48%. The single-hole blasting volume is 51.17m³, which is 1.17m³ more than the project design of 45-50m³ per hole, increasing the proportion of blasting volume by 2.34-2.6%. The explosive consumption is 0.25kg / m³, which is 0.1kg / m³ less than the project design of 0.35kg / m³, reducing the proportion of explosive consumption by 28.5%.

[0067] II. Case Study of Yongfu Sand Plant Project in Maochang, Dafang County

[0068] The Dafang County Maochang Yongfu Sand Plant is located in Changzheng Village, Maochang Town, Dafang County, with geographical coordinates of 105.335663 E: 27.99467 N. It features karst topography, with medium-hardness limestone rocks, a stable geological structure, and good drillability and blastability. There are no residential buildings or protective facilities within 240m. The project design includes a step height of 13m, a borehole diameter of φ70mm, a resistance line of 3.0m, a hole spacing of 3.0m, a row spacing of 2.5m, and a borehole depth of 15m. The main charge is powdered ammonium nitrate explosive, with a single explosive consumption of 0.35kg / m³, a single-hole charge of ≤39kg, and a linear charge of 3.0-3.5kg / m³. The blasting volume per hole is 112.5m³. The total number of holes, total charge, and total blasting volume will be determined based on the actual project conditions.

[0069] The blasting operation on March 13, 2021, used the modified additive from Example 3;

[0070] Specific operations:

[0071] The first step involves loading a mining modifier and enhancer into the bottom of the hole to 5.0% of the drilling depth, followed by loading explosives to 30% of the drilling depth, and then placing the detonator and detonator of the first explosive section and extending the lead wire.

[0072] The second step involves loading a mining modifier and enhancer to 20% of the borehole depth, followed by an interval and then loading explosives to 20% of the borehole depth. The second explosive charge and detonator are then placed into the second explosive section and led out with lead wires.

[0073] The third step is filling, which completes the loading of the explosive.

[0074] In this example, the total number of holes is 46, the charge is 1311 kg, the blast volume is 6210 m3, the charge per hole is 28.5 kg, the blast volume per hole is 135 m3, and the explosive consumption is 0.21 kg / m3.

[0075] Compared with the original design, the single-hole charge is 28.5 kg, which is 10.5 kg less than the project design's single-hole charge of ≤39 kg, reducing the charge percentage by 26.9%; the single-hole blasting volume is 135 m³, which is 12.5 m³ more than the project design's single-hole blasting volume of 112.5 m³, increasing the blasting volume percentage by 11.1%; and the explosive consumption is 0.22 kg / m³, which is 0.13 kg / m³ less than the project design's explosive consumption of 0.35 kg / m³, reducing the explosive consumption percentage by 37.1%.

[0076] III. Case Study of the Changtu Sand Plant Project in Jichang Village, Huangnitang Town, Dafang County

[0077] The Changtu Sand Plant in Jichang Village, Huangnitang Town, Dafang County, is located about 26km from Dafang County. The mining area is defined by 6 turning points, with an mining elevation of +1446 to +1385m. The landform is a medium-high mountain type with karst and erosion, good bedrock structure, simple geological structure, and medium-hardness rock. The production plant is 74m from the blasting area, the equipment and facilities are 142m from the blasting area, and Jichang Primary School is 190m away. The environment is relatively complex.

[0078] The project design includes a step height of 10m, a drilling depth of 12m, a drilling diameter of φ70mm, a resistance line of 2.5-3.0m, a hole spacing of 3.0m, a row spacing of 2.5m, a single explosive consumption of 0.3-0.35kg / m³, a single hole charge of ≤30kg, a linear charge of 3.0-3.5kg / m, and a single hole blasting volume of 90m³. The number of holes, total charge, and total blasting volume will be determined based on the actual project conditions.

[0079] The blasting operation on March 16, 2021, used the modified additive from Example 3;

[0080] Specific operations:

[0081] The first step involves loading a mining modifier and enhancer into the bottom of the hole to 5.0% of the drilling depth, followed by loading explosives to 30% of the drilling depth, and then placing the detonator and detonator of the first explosive section and extending the lead wire.

[0082] The second step involves loading a mining modifier and enhancer to 20% of the borehole depth, followed by an interval and then loading explosives to 20% of the borehole depth. The second explosive charge and detonator are then placed into the second explosive section and led out with lead wires.

[0083] The third step is filling, which completes the loading of the explosive.

[0084] In this example, the total number of holes is 102, the charge is 2045 kg, the blast volume is 9435 m3, the charge per hole is 20.0 kg, the blast volume per hole is 92.5 m3, and the explosive consumption is 0.22 kg / m3.

[0085] Compared with the original design, the single-hole charge is 20.0 kg, which is 10 kg less than the project design's single-hole charge of ≤30 kg, reducing the charge percentage by 33.3%; the single-hole blasting volume is 92.5 m³, which is 2.5 m³ more than the project design's single-hole blasting volume of 90 m³, increasing the blasting volume percentage by 2.77%; and the explosive consumption is 0.22 kg / m³, which is 0.08 kg / m³ less than the project design's explosive consumption of 0.30-0.35 kg / m³, reducing the explosive consumption percentage by 22.8%.

[0086] IV. Landslide Geological Disaster Prevention Project of Yaozhai Primary School, Tongxin Village, Dingxin Township, Dafang County

[0087] The project site is located approximately 50 km southwest of Dafang County and 5 km northeast of the township government. The collapse area is situated on a steep slope northeast of the Yaozhai village residential area, with geographical coordinates of 105.38224405 E, 26.94751931 N. The unstable rock mass exhibits well-developed joints and fissures, with a group of steeply dipping unloading fissures at the rear edge. The fissures are thicker at the top and thinner at the bottom, showing signs of compression fracturing at the base. The rock mass is 20 m high, 30 m wide, and has an average thickness of 7.2 m, exhibiting a complex structure. The project is highly dangerous; the small step is set at 2.5m, the borehole diameter is φ40mm, the borehole depth is 2.5-3.0m, the hole spacing is 0.45-0.50m, the minimum resistance line is 0.45-0.50m, the explosive is φ32mm×200g emulsion explosive, the explosive consumption is 0.5kg / m³, and the designed borehole charge is 0.4-0.6kg. In particular, the environment of the No. 2 and No. 3 unstable rock masses is extremely complex. This project belongs to the complex environment project engineering.

[0088] On July 14, 2021, the modified reinforcing agent from Example 2 was used in the blasting of the No. 2 dangerous rock mass.

[0089] Specific operations:

[0090] The first step is to fill the bottom of the hole with explosives to 30% of the drilling depth, then place the first explosive charge and detonator, and extend the lead wire.

[0091] The second step involves loading a mining modifier and enhancer to 25% of the borehole depth, followed by an interval and loading explosives to 20% of the borehole depth. Then, the second explosive charge and detonator are placed into the detonator and lead wires are extended.

[0092] The third step is filling, which completes the loading of the explosive.

[0093] Compared with the original design, the average charge per hole is 0.30 kg, which is 0.1 kg less than the 0.40-0.60 kg of explosives in the project design, reducing the explosive charge ratio by 16%-25%. The explosive consumption per unit is 0.30 kg / m³, which is 0.2 kg / m³ less than the 0.5 kg / m³ of explosives in the project design, reducing the explosive consumption ratio by 40%.

Claims

1. A method for using a mining modifier and enhancer, characterized in that, The following steps are included: For deep hole blasting: the application method of drilling blasting with a hole diameter of 50 mm to 250 mm and a hole depth of 5.0 m to 20 m; The step is designed to be 5.0 m to 15.0 m high, using either multiple rows of triangular holes or a single row of straight vertical holes. The minimum resistance line is 2.5m-5.0m, the drilling depth is 6.0m-18.0m, the hole spacing is 3.0m-5.5m, and the row spacing is 2.5m-5.0m. The explosive consumption is 0.35 kg / m³–0.40 kg / m³. The charging structure is as follows: for powdered ammonium nitrate explosives, a spaced-coupled charging structure is used; for emulsion explosives, a spaced-uncoupled charging structure is used. Specific operation: When the drilling depth exceeds 10m, the first step is to fill the bottom of the hole with a mining modifier and enhancer at 5.0% of the drilling depth, then fill it with explosives at 30% of the drilling depth, and finally place the detonating charge and detonator of the first explosive section and extend the lead wire. The second step involves loading a mining modifier and enhancer to 20% of the borehole depth, followed by an interval and then loading explosives to 20% of the borehole depth. The second explosive charge and detonator are then placed into the second explosive section and led out with lead wires. The third step is packing, completing the loading of the explosive; When the drilling depth is between 5m and 10m, the first step is to fill the bottom of the hole with explosives to 30% of the drilling depth, then place the first explosive charge and detonator and lead wire. The second step involves loading a mining modifier and enhancer to 25% of the borehole depth, followed by an interval and loading explosives to 20% of the borehole depth. Then, the second explosive charge and detonator are placed into the detonator and lead wires are extended. The third step is packing, completing the loading of the explosive; For shallow hole blasting: the application method of drilling blasting with a hole diameter of 38 mm to 50 mm and a hole depth of 1 m to 5.0 m; The step height is 1.0m-5.0m, suitable for multiple rows or single rows of scattered holes, and for vertical, horizontal, and inclined drilling methods; the minimum resistance line is 0.3m-1.0m, the drilling depth is 1.0m-5.0m, the hole spacing is 0.3m-1.0m, and the row spacing is 0.3m-1.0m; The explosive consumption is 0.5 kg / m³, and the explosive is charged using a spaced, uncoupled charging structure. The specific steps are as follows: The first step is to fill the bottom of the hole with explosives to 30% of the drilling depth, then place the first explosive charge and detonator, and extend the lead wire. The second step involves loading a mining modifier and enhancer to 20% of the borehole depth, followed by an interval and then loading explosives to 20% of the borehole depth. The second explosive charge and detonator are then placed into the second explosive section and led out with lead wires. The third step is packing, completing the loading of the explosive; The mining modifier is prepared by mixing the following components in the following mass ratio: Water 90-92 parts, thermal expansion agent 2.6-3.5 parts, stabilizing thickener 2.6-3.5 parts, reinforcing agent 2.6-2.8 parts, regulator 0.1-0.2 parts; The water component is filtered tap water or natural mineral water. The thermal expansion agent is composed of one or more of stearic acid, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sodium glycocholate. The stabilizing thickener is composed of one or more of maltodextrin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide, and glacial acetic acid. The enhancing agent is composed of one or more of the following: sodium saccharin, ammonium bicarbonate, sucrose, hemicellulase, polyanionic cellulose ether, and neutral protease. The regulator is composed of one or two of a neutral surfactant and a pigment, wherein the neutral surfactant is palmitol or sorbitol; The pigment agent is curcumin or tartrazine; The preparation method includes the following steps: 1) Weigh out the heat expansion agent, stabilizer thickener and reinforcing agent according to the above mass ratio, add them to the container, heat and mix them. The heating temperature is 90-105℃, and the stirring and melting time is 10-15 minutes. Then stop heating and set aside. 2) Weigh the water according to the above mass ratio, put it into the container, and then add the components prepared in step 1 above and stir for 15-20 minutes. 3) Weigh the regulator according to the above mass and slowly add it to the container. Continue stirring for 5-10 minutes to mix it thoroughly. Stop stirring after it is evenly mixed. The resulting liquid is lemon yellow or light yellow, which is the mining modifier and enhancer.

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