Method for transmitting / receiving signals in a wireless communication system

Abstract

In one embodiment, a method for a first terminal to perform operations in a wireless communication system includes the following steps: determining that a physical layer problem occurs during communication with a base station; starting a recovery timer for the physical layer problem; and sending side-link data to a second terminal by using side-link resources, wherein the first terminal determines whether to perform a switch from resource allocation mode 1 to resource allocation mode 2 taking into account a waiting time budget for the side-link data and an expiration time of the recovery timer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for using a secondary link resource when a secondary link user equipment (UE) has problems in communicating with a base station. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems have been widely deployed to provide various types of communication services such as voice or data. Generally, wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that support communication for multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi-carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems.

[0003] Wireless communication systems use various radio access technologies (RATs) such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Advanced LTE (LTE-A), and Wireless Fidelity (WiFi). The fifth generation (5G) is such a wireless communication system. The three key demand areas for 5G include (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) massive machine type communications (mMTC), and (3) ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC). Some use cases may require optimization of multiple dimensions, while others may focus on only one key performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports this diverse use case in a flexible and reliable manner.

[0004] eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile Internet access and covers rich interactive work, media and entertainment applications in the cloud or augmented reality (AR). Data is one of the key drivers of 5G, and in the 5G era, we may not see dedicated voice services for the first time. In 5G, it is expected that voice will be processed as an application simply using the data connectivity provided by the communication system. The main driving force for the increase in traffic is the increase in the number of applications that require high data rates and the increase in content size. As more devices are connected to the Internet, streaming services (audio and video), interactive video and mobile Internet connections will continue to be more widely used. Many of these applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and notifications to users. Cloud storage and applications for mobile communication platforms are increasing rapidly. This applies to both work and entertainment. Cloud storage is a specific use case that accelerates the growth of uplink data rates. 5G will also be used for remote work in the cloud, and when this remote work is done with a tactile interface, much lower end-to-end latency is required to maintain a good user experience. Entertainment (e.g., cloud games and video streaming) is another key driver for increasing demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment will be essential in smartphones and tablets anywhere, including in high-mobility environments such as trains, cars and airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality (AR) for entertainment and information search, which requires very low latency and large amounts of real-time data.

[0005] One of the most anticipated 5G use cases is the ability to actively connect embedded sensors in every field (i.e., mMTC). It is expected that there will be 20.4 billion potential Internet of Things (IoT) devices by 2020. In industrial IoT, 5G is one of the areas that will play a key role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and secure infrastructure.

[0006] URLLC includes services that will revolutionize industries using ultra-reliable / available low-latency links such as remote control of critical infrastructure and autonomous vehicles. The level of reliability and latency is critical for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, drone control and coordination, etc.

[0007] Now, a number of use cases will be described in detail.

[0008] 5G can complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or cable data service interface specification (DOCSIS)) as a means of delivering streams with data rates ranging from hundreds of megabits per second to gigabits per second. Such high speeds are required for TV broadcasts with a resolution of 4K or higher (6K, 8K or higher) as well as virtual reality (VR) and AR. VR and AR applications mainly include immersive sports events. Specific applications may require special network configurations. For example, for VR games, gaming companies may have to integrate core servers with network operators' edge network servers in order to minimize latency.

[0009] The automotive industry is expected to become a very important new driver of 5G, with many use cases for mobile communications in vehicles. For example, passenger entertainment requires mobile broadband with both high capacity and high mobility, as future users will expect a high-quality connection that is continuous, regardless of their location and speed. Other use cases in the automotive industry are AR dashboards. These AR dashboards overlay information on what the driver is seeing through the front window, identify objects in the dark, and inform the driver of the distance and movement of objects. In the future, wireless modules will enable communication between the vehicles themselves, information exchange between the vehicles and the supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between the vehicles and other connected devices (e.g., devices carried by pedestrians). Safety systems can guide drivers on alternative courses of action to enable them to drive more safely and with a reduced risk of accidents. The next stage will be remotely controlled or autonomous vehicles. This requires very reliable and very fast communication between different autonomous vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, driverless vehicles will perform all driving activities, while the driver will focus on the elusive traffic anomalies in the vehicle itself. The technical requirements for autonomous vehicles require ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability, thereby increasing traffic safety to a level that cannot be achieved by humans.

[0010] Smart cities and smart homes, often referred to as smart societies, will be embedded with dense wireless sensor networks. Distributed networks of smart sensors will confirm the cost and energy efficiency maintenance conditions of cities or homes. Similar settings can be made for each household, in which temperature sensors, window and heating controls, burglar alarms and household appliances are all connected wirelessly. Many of these sensors are usually characterized by low data rates, low power and low cost, but for example, real-time high-definition (HD) video may be required in some types of surveillance devices.

[0011] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, is becoming highly decentralized, requiring automated control of very distributed sensor networks. Smart grids interconnect these sensors using digital information and communication technologies to collect and act on information. This information can include information about the behavior of suppliers and consumers, enabling smart grids to improve efficiency, reliability, economic viability, sustainability of production and distribution of fuels such as electricity in an automated manner. Smart grids can be viewed as another sensor network with low latency.

[0012] The health sector has many applications that can benefit from mobile communications. Communication systems enable telemedicine, which provides clinical care at a distance. It helps to eliminate distance barriers and improve access to medical services, which are often not permanently available in remote rural communities. It is also used to save lives in critical care and emergency situations. Wireless sensor networks based on mobile communications can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0013] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important for industrial applications. Wires are expensive to install and maintain, and the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links is an attractive opportunity for many industries. However, to achieve this, wireless connections need to operate with latency, reliability and capacity close to cables, and to simplify their management. Low latency and very low error probability are new requirements that need to be addressed with 5G.

[0014] Finally, logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, enabling inventory and packages to be tracked wherever they are located using location-based information systems. Logistics and freight tracking use cases typically require lower data rates, but wide coverage and reliable location information.

[0015] A wireless communication system is a multiple-access system that supports communication for multiple users by sharing available system resources (bandwidth, transmit power, etc.) Examples of multiple-access systems include CDMA systems, FDMA systems, TDMA systems, OFDMA systems, SC-FDMA systems, and MC-FDMA systems.

[0016] Side Link (SL) refers to a communication scheme in which a direct link is established between User Equipments (UEs) and the UEs directly exchange voice and data without intervention of a Base Station (BS). SL is considered a solution to relieve the constraints of rapidly growing data traffic of the BS.

[0017] Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a communication technology in which a vehicle exchanges information with another vehicle, pedestrians, and infrastructure through wired / wireless communications. V2X can be divided into four types: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P). V2X communication can be provided via a PC5 interface and / or a Uu interface.

[0018] As more and more communication devices require greater communication capacity, enhanced mobile broadband communication is needed relative to existing RATs. Therefore, communication systems that take into account services or UEs that are sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. The next generation RAT that takes into account eMBB, MTC, and URLLC is called new RAT or NR. In NR, V2X communication can also be supported.

[0019] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating comparison between pre-NR based V2X communication and NR based V2X communication.

[0020] For V2X communication, the technology of providing safety services based on V2X messages such as Basic Safety Message (BSM), Collaborative Awareness Message (CAM) and Decentralized Environment Notification Message (DENM) is mainly discussed in pre-NR RAT. V2X messages may include location information, dynamic information and attribute information. For example, a UE may send a CAM of a periodic message type and / or a DENM of an event-triggered type to another UE.

[0021] For example, the CAM may include basic vehicle information, which includes dynamic state information such as direction and speed, vehicle static data such as size, external lighting status, path details, etc. For example, the UE may broadcast the CAM, and the CAM may have a waiting time of less than 100ms. For example, when an unexpected incident such as damage or an accident of a vehicle occurs, the UE may generate a DENM and send the DENM to another UE. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the UE may receive the CAM and / or the DENM. In this case, the DENM may have a higher priority than the CAM.

[0022] Regarding V2X communication, various V2X scenarios are proposed in NR. For example, V2X scenarios include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving.

[0023] For example, vehicles can be dynamically grouped and driven together based on a vehicle formation. For example, to perform a platooning operation based on a vehicle formation, the vehicles in the group can receive periodic data from the leading vehicle. For example, the vehicles in the group can widen or narrow their gaps based on the periodic data.

[0024] For example, based on advanced driving, the vehicles can be semi-autonomous or fully autonomous. For example, each vehicle can adjust trajectory or maneuver based on data obtained from nearby vehicles and / or nearby logical entities. For example, each vehicle can also share driving intent with nearby vehicles.

[0025] For example, based on the extended sensors, raw or processed data or real-time video data obtained by local sensors can be exchanged between the vehicle, the logical entity, the pedestrian's terminal and / or the V2X application server. Therefore, the vehicle can perceive a high-level environment relative to the sensor-perceivable environment of the vehicle.

[0026] For example, based on remote driving, remote drivers or V2X applications can operate or control remote vehicles on behalf of people who are unable to drive or are in dangerous environments. For example, cloud-based driving can be used to operate or control remote vehicles when the path can be predicted as in public transportation. For example, access to a cloud-based backend service platform can also be used for remote driving.

[0027] In NR-based V2X communications, discussions are underway to specify service requirements for various V2X scenarios including platooning, advanced driving, expanded sensors, and remote driving. Summary of the invention

[0028] Technical issues

[0029] A technical purpose of the embodiment is to determine a condition under which a secondary link user equipment (UE) operating in resource allocation mode 1 needs to switch the current mode to resource allocation mode 2 when there is a problem in communication with a base station.

[0030] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the objectives that can be achieved using the present disclosure are not limited to the objectives that have been specifically described above, and the above objectives and other objectives that can be achieved by the present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description.

[0031] Technical Solution

[0032] According to an embodiment, a method for performing operations of a first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system includes the following steps: determining that a physical layer problem occurs in communication with a base station; starting a recovery timer for the physical layer problem; and sending side-link data to a second UE based on side-link resources, wherein the first UE determines whether to switch resource allocation mode 1 to resource allocation mode 2 based on a waiting time budget for the side-link data and an expiration time of the recovery timer.

[0033] According to an embodiment, a first user equipment (UE) of a wireless communication system includes: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory, wherein the at least one computer memory is operably connected to the at least one processor and is configured to store commands that allow the at least one processor to perform operations when executed, the operations including: determining that a physical layer problem occurs in communication with a base station; starting a recovery timer for the physical layer problem; and sending side-link data to a second UE based on side-link resources, wherein the first UE determines whether to switch resource allocation mode 1 to resource allocation mode 2 taking into account the waiting time budget of the side-link data and the expiration time of the recovery timer.

[0034] One embodiment provides a processor for a first user equipment (UE) to perform operations in a wireless communication system, the operations comprising the following steps: determining that a physical layer problem occurs in communication with a base station; starting a recovery timer for the physical layer problem; and sending side-link data to a second UE based on side-link resources, wherein the first UE determines whether to switch resource allocation mode 1 to resource allocation mode 2 taking into account a waiting time budget for the side-link data and an expiration time of the recovery timer.

[0035] One embodiment provides a computer-readable recording medium for storing at least one computer program, wherein the at least one computer program includes commands that, when executed by at least one processor, allow the at least one processor to perform operations of a first user equipment (UE), the operations including the following steps: determining that a physical layer problem occurs in communication with a base station; starting a recovery timer for the physical layer problem; and sending side-link data to a second UE based on side-link resources, wherein the first UE determines whether to switch resource allocation mode 1 to resource allocation mode 2 taking into account a waiting time budget for the side-link data and an expiration time of the recovery timer.

[0036] When the recovery timer expiration time is within the waiting time budget, the first UE can skip switching from the resource allocation mode 1 to the resource allocation mode 2, and when the recovery timer expiration time is after the waiting time budget, the resource allocation mode 1 can switch to the resource allocation mode 2.

[0037] When the expiration time of the recovery timer is within the waiting time budget, the first UE may send a resource allocation request to the base station when the physical layer problem is recovered.

[0038] The method may further include receiving the side link data from a higher layer.

[0039] The method may further include the following steps: triggering a buffer status report (BSR) for the secondary link data, wherein when the recovery timer expires within the waiting time budget, the BSR may be processed as suspended or canceled based on the physical layer problem.

[0040] The latency budget may be a maximum delay time for effectively sending the secondary link data.

[0041] When a beam failure equal to or greater than a threshold is detected, the first UE may determine that a physical layer problem has occurred in the communication with the base station.

[0042] When a radio link failure is detected or declared, the first UE may determine that a physical layer problem has occurred in the communication with the base station.

[0043] The first UE may communicate with at least one of another UE, a UE associated with an autonomous vehicle, a base station, or a network.

[0044] Beneficial effects

[0045] The embodiments may provide an effect of reducing the operation complexity of a user equipment (UE) by adding a condition for switching a resource allocation mode.

[0046] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the effects that can be achieved by the present disclosure are not limited to the contents that have been specifically described above, and other advantages of the present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and together with the detailed description provide embodiments of the disclosure.

[0048] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a comparison between a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication based on a pre-new radio access technology (NR) RAT and a V2X communication based on NR;

[0049] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a user plane and a control plane radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an NR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 5is a diagram illustrating a functional division between a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) and a fifth generation core network (5GC) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an NR radio frame to which an embodiment of the present disclosure is applicable;

[0054] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure in an NR frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating a radio protocol architecture for secondary link (SL) communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating a user equipment (UE) performing V2X or SL communication between user equipments (UEs) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] Fig.11 is a diagram illustrating a resource unit for V2X or SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] Fig.12 is a diagram illustrating a signal flow of a V2X or SL communication process of a UE according to a transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] Fig.13 is a diagram illustrating a physical (PHY) layer process of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] Fig.14 is a diagram illustrating a PHY layer process of a receiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] Fig.15 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] Fig.16 is a diagram illustrating a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] Figures 17 to 22 are diagrams for explaining the embodiment; and

[0065] Figures 23 to 32 is a block diagram illustrating various devices applicable to embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, " / " and "," should be interpreted as "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". In addition, "A, B" may mean "A and / or B". In addition, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B and / or C". In addition, "A, B, C" may mean "at least one of A, B and / or C".

[0067] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, "or" should be interpreted as "and / or". For example, "A or B" may include "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, "or" should be interpreted as "additionally or alternatively".

[0068] The techniques described herein can be used for various wireless access systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), etc. CDMA can be implemented as a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented as a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented as a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), etc. IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE802.16e, providing backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). 3GPP LTE adopts OFDMA for downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA for uplink (UL). LTE Advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0069] The successor to LTE-A, the fifth generation (5G) new radio access technology (NR), is a new clean-state mobile communication system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can use all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter) bands of 24 GHz or above.

[0070] Although the following description is mainly given in the context of LTE-A or 5G NR for the sake of clarity, the technical ideas of the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0071] Figure 2 The structure of the LTE system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. This may also be referred to as an Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) or an LTE / LTE-A system.

[0072] Reference Figure 2 , E-UTRAN includes an evolved Node B (eNB) 20 that provides a control plane and a user plane to the UE 10. The UE 10 may be fixed or mobile, and may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), or a wireless device. The eNB 20 is a fixed station that communicates with the UE 10, and may also be referred to as a base station (BS), a base transceiver system (BTS), or an access point.

[0073] The eNBs 20 may be connected to each other via an X2 interface. The eNBs 20 are connected to an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 39 via an S1 interface. More specifically, the eNBs 20 are connected to a Mobility Management Entity (MME) via an S1-MME interface, and to a Serving Gateway (S-GW) via an S1-U interface.

[0074] The EPC 30 includes an MME, an S-GW, and a packet data network gateway (P-GW). The MME has access information or capability information about the UE, which is mainly used for mobility management of the UE. The S-GW is a gateway with the E-UTRAN as an endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with a packet data network (PDN) as an endpoint.

[0075] Based on the lowest three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) reference model known in communication systems, the radio protocol stack between the UE and the network can be divided into layer 1 (L1), layer 2 (L2), and layer 3 (L3). These layers are defined in pairs between the UE and the evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN) for data transmission via the Uu interface. The physical (PHY) layer at L1 provides information transfer services on physical channels. The radio resource control (RRC) layer at L3 is used to control radio resources between the UE and the network. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the eNB.

[0076] Figure 3 (a) in FIG. 1 illustrates a user plane radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0077] Figure 3(b) in FIG. 1 illustrates a control plane radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The user plane is a protocol stack for user data transmission, and the control plane is a protocol stack for control signal transmission.

[0078] Reference Figure 3 In (a) and A3, the PHY layer provides information transfer services to its upper layer on the physical channel. The PHY layer is connected to the medium access control (MAC) layer through a transport channel, and data is transferred between the MAC layer and the PHY layer on the transport channel. The transport channel is divided according to the characteristics of the data sent via the radio interface.

[0079] Data is transmitted on a physical channel between different PHY layers (ie, PHY layers of a transmitter and a receiver). The physical channel may be modulated by Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and uses time and frequency as radio resources.

[0080] The MAC layer provides services to the higher layer - Radio Link Control (RLC) on logical channels. The MAC layer provides the function of mapping from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. In addition, the MAC layer provides a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sublayer provides data transmission services on logical channels.

[0081] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). To guarantee various quality of service (QoS) requirements for each radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer provides three operation modes - transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0082] The RRC layer is defined only in the control plane and controls logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to configuration, reconfiguration, and release of RBs. RBs refer to logical paths for data transmission between UEs and networks provided by L1 (PHY layer) and L2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer).

[0083] The user plane functions of the PDCP layer include user data transmission, header compression and encryption. The control plane functions of the PDCP layer include control plane data transmission and encryption / integrity protection.

[0084] RB establishment is equivalent to the process of defining radio protocol layers and channel characteristics and configuring specific parameters and operation methods in order to provide specific services. RB can be divided into two types - signaling radio bearer (SRB) and data radio bearer (DRB). SRB is used as a path for sending RRC messages on the control plane, while DRB is used as a path for sending user data on the user plane.

[0085] Once an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state, otherwise the UE is in the RRC_IDLE state. In NR, an RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined. A UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain a connection to the core network while releasing the connection from the eNB.

[0086] The DL transport channels that carry data from the network to the UE include a broadcast channel (BCH) on which system information is sent and a DL shared channel (DL SCH) on which user traffic or control messages are sent. Traffic or control messages for DL ​​multicast or broadcast services may be sent on a DL SCH or a DL multicast channel (DL MCH). The UL transport channels that carry data from the UE to the network include a random access channel (RACH) on which initial control messages are sent and a UL shared channel (UL SCH) on which user traffic or control messages are sent.

[0087] Logical channels above and mapped to the transport channels include a Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), a Paging Control Channel (PCCH), a Common Control Channel (CCCH), a Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), and a Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH).

[0088] A physical channel includes multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A subframe includes multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. An RB is a resource allocation unit defined by multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers. In addition, each subframe can use a specific subcarrier of a specific OFDM symbol (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) in the corresponding subframe for a physical DL control channel (PDCCH), i.e., an L1 / L2 control channel. A transmission time interval (TTI) is a unit time for subframe transmission.

[0089] Figure 4 The structure of the NR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0090] Reference Figure 4 , the next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) may include next generation Node Bs (gNBs) and / or eNBs that provide user plane and control plane protocol terminations to the UE. Figure 4 In the figure, for example, NG-RAN is shown as including only gNB. gNB and eNB are connected to each other via Xn interface. gNB and eNB are connected to 5G core network (5GC) via NG interface. More specifically, gNB and eNB are connected to access and mobility management function (AMF) via NG-C interface and to user plane function (UPF) via NG-U interface.

[0091] Figure 5 The functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0092] Reference Figure 5 , gNB can provide functions including inter-cell radio resource management (RRM), radio admission control, measurement configuration and provision, and dynamic resource allocation. AMF can provide functions such as non-access stratum (NAS) security and idle state mobility processing. UPF can provide functions including mobility anchoring and protocol data unit (PDU) processing. Session management function (SMF) can provide functions including UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and PDU session control.

[0093] Figure 6 The radio frame structure in NR to which the embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable is illustrated.

[0094] Reference Figure 6 , a radio frame can be used for UL transmission and DL transmission in NR. The length of a radio frame is 10ms and can be defined by two 5ms half frames. HF can include five 1ms subframes. A subframe can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots in a SF can be determined according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each time slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0095] In the case of normal CP (NCP), each time slot may include 14 symbols, and in the case of extended CP (ECP), each time slot may include 12 symbols. Herein, a symbol may be an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) or an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

[0096] Table 1 below lists the number of symbols N per time slot according to the SCS configuration μ in the NCP case. slot symb , the number of time slots per frame N frame,u slot And the number of time slots N in each subframe subframe,u slot .

[0097] [Table 1]

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] The following Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to SCS in the case of ECP.

[0101] [Table 2]

[0102] SCS(15*2^u) <![CDATA[N slot symb ]]> <![CDATA[N frame,u slot ]]> <![CDATA[N subframe,u slot ]]> 60KHz(u=2) 12 40 4

[0103] In the NR system, different OFDM(A) parameter sets (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured for multiple cells aggregated for one UE. Therefore, the (absolute time) duration of a time resource (e.g., a subframe, a time slot, or a TTI) (collectively referred to as a time unit (TU) for convenience) including the same number of symbols may be configured to be different for the aggregated cells.

[0104] In NR, various parameter sets or SCS can be supported to support various 5G services. For example, with 15kHz SCS, wide areas in traditional cellular bands can be supported, while with 30kHz / 60kHz SCS, dense urban areas, lower latency and wide carrier bandwidth can be supported. With 60kHz or higher SCS, bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0105] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges FR1 and FR2. The values ​​in each frequency range can be changed. For example, two types of frequency ranges can be given in [Table 3]. In the NR system, FR1 can be a "range below 6 GHz" and FR2 can be a "range above 6 GHz" called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0106] [Table 3]

[0107] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) FR1 450MHz–6000MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz–52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0108] As mentioned above, in the NR system, the values ​​in the frequency range can be changed. For example, as listed in [Table 4], the range of FR1 can be from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. That is, FR1 can include frequency bands of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, and 5925 MHz) or above. For example, frequency bands of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, and 5925 MHz) or above can include unlicensed bands. Unlicensed bands can be used for various purposes, for example, vehicle communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0109] [Table 4]

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] Figure 7 The time slot structure in the NR frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0113] Reference Figure 7 , a time slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a time slot may include 14 symbols in the NCP case and 12 symbols in the ECP case. Alternatively, a time slot may include 7 symbols in the NCP case and 6 symbols in the ECP case.

[0114] A carrier includes multiple carriers in the frequency domain. An RB can be defined by multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) can be defined by multiple consecutive (physical) RBs ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain and corresponds to a parameter set (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed in an activated BWP. Each element can be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid, and a complex symbol can be mapped to an RE.

[0115] The radio interface between UEs or the radio interface between UE and the network may include L1, L2 and L3. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, L1 may refer to a PHY layer. For example, L2 may refer to at least one of a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCH layer or an SDAP layer. For example, L3 may refer to an RRC layer.

[0116] Now, a description will be given of the secondary link (SL) communication.

[0117] Figure 8 The radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Specifically, Figure 8 (a) in FIG. 1 illustrates a user plane protocol stack in LTE, and Figure 8 (b) in FIG. 1 illustrates an example of the control plane protocol stack in LTE.

[0118] Fig. 9 The radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Specifically, Fig. 9 (a) in FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a user plane protocol stack in NR, and Fig. 9 (b) in FIG. 4 illustrates the control plane protocol stack in NR.

[0119] Fig.10The UE performing V2X or SL communication between UEs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0120] Reference Fig.10 , the term "UE" in V2X or SL communication may mainly refer to a user's terminal. However, when a network device such as a BS transmits and receives signals according to a UE-UE communication scheme, the BS may also be regarded as a type of UE. For example, a first UE (UE 1) may be a first device 100, and a second UE (UE 2) may be a second device 200.

[0121] For example, UE 1 may select a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource in a resource pool as a group of resources. Then, UE 1 may send an SL signal in the resource unit. For example, UE 2 as a receiving UE may be configured with a resource pool in which UE 1 may send a signal, and detect a signal from UE 1 in the resource pool.

[0122] When UE1 is within the coverage of the BS, the BS may indicate the resource pool to UE1. On the contrary, when UE1 is out of the coverage of the BS, another UE may indicate the resource pool to UE1, or UE1 may use a predetermined resource pool.

[0123] Generally, a resource pool may include a plurality of resource units, and each UE may select one or more resource units and transmit a SL signal in the selected resource units.

[0124] Fig.11 A resource unit for V2X or SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0125] Reference Fig.11 , the entire frequency resource of the resource pool can be divided into NF frequency resources, and the entire time resource of the resource pool can be divided into NT time resources. Therefore, a total of NF×NT resource units can be defined in the resource pool. Fig.13 An example is illustrated in which the resource pool is repeated with a period of NT subframes.

[0126] like Fig.11 As illustrated in FIG, a resource unit (e.g., unit #0) may be repeated periodically. Alternatively, in order to achieve a diversity effect in the time domain or frequency domain, the index of the physical resource unit to which a logical resource unit is mapped may change in a predetermined pattern over time. In the resource unit structure, a resource pool may refer to a collection of resource units that a UE can use to send SL signals.

[0127] Resource pools can be classified into several types. For example, each resource pool is classified according to the content of the SL signal transmitted in the resource pool as follows.

[0128] (1) Scheduling Assignment (SA) may include information about the location of resources used by the transmitting UE to send the SL data channel, the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission scheme required for data channel demodulation, timing advance (TA), etc. SA may be multiplexed with SL data in the same resource unit for transmission. In this case, the SA resource pool may refer to a resource pool in which SA is multiplexed with SL data for transmission. SA may be referred to as an SL control channel.

[0129] (2) The SL data channel (PSSCH) can be a resource pool used by the transmitting UE to send user data. When SA and SL data are multiplexed in the same resource unit for transmission, the SL data channel other than SA information can only be sent in the resource pool used for the SL data channel. In other words, the RE used to send SA information in an individual resource unit in the SA resource pool can still be used to send SL data in the resource pool of the SL data channel. For example, the transmitting UE can send the PSSCH by mapping the PSSCH to consecutive PRBs.

[0130] (3) The discovery channel may be a resource pool used by a transmitting UE to transmit information such as its ID. The transmitting UE may enable neighboring UEs to discover itself on the discovery channel.

[0131] Even when the SL signals have the same content as described above, different resource pools may be used according to the transmission / reception properties of the SL signals. For example, although the SL data channel or discovery message is the same, different resource pools may be used for the SL signals according to the transmission timing determination scheme of the SL signal (for example, whether the SL signal is transmitted at the reception time of the synchronization reference signal (RS) or at the time obtained by applying a predetermined TA to the reception time), the resource allocation scheme of the SL signal (for example, whether the BS allocates transmission resources of individual signals to individual transmitting UEs or whether the individual transmitting UEs select their own individual signal transmission resources in the resource pool), the signal format of the SL signal (for example, the number of symbols occupied by each SL signal in a subframe or the number of subframes used to transmit one SL signal), the strength of the signal from the BS, the transmission power of the SL UE, etc.

[0132] Next, resource allocation in SL will be described.

[0133] Fig.12 The process of performing V2X or SL communication according to the transmission mode in the UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmission mode may also be referred to as a mode or a resource allocation mode. For convenience of description, the transmission mode in LTE may be referred to as an LTE transmission mode, and the transmission mode in NR may be referred to as an NR resource allocation mode.

[0134] For example, Fig.12 (a) in FIG. 1 illustrates UE operations related to LTE transmission mode 1 or LTE transmission mode 3. Alternatively, for example, Fig.12 (a) in the figure illustrates UE operations related to NR resource allocation mode 1. For example, LTE transmission mode 1 can be applied to general SL communication, and LTE transmission mode 3 can be applied to V2X communication.

[0135] For example, Fig.12 (b) in FIG. 1 illustrates UE operations related to LTE transmission mode 2 or LTE transmission mode 4. Alternatively, for example, Fig.12 (b) in FIG. 1 illustrates UE operation associated with NR resource allocation mode 2.

[0136] Reference Fig.12 In (a), in LTE transmission mode 1, LTE transmission mode 3, or NR resource allocation mode 1, the BS may schedule SL resources to be used for SL transmission of the UE. For example, the BS may perform resource scheduling for UE 1 through PDCCH (more specifically, DL control information (DCI)), and UE 1 may perform V2X or SL communication with UE 2 according to the resource scheduling. For example, UE1 may send sidelink control information (SCI) to UE2 on PSCCH, and then send data based on the SCI to UE2 on PSSCH.

[0137] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 1, resources for one or more SL transmissions of one transport block (TB) may be provided or allocated to the UE through dynamic grants from the BS. For example, the BS may provide resources for transmission of PSCCH and / or PSSCH to the UE through dynamic grants. For example, the transmitting UE may report SL hybrid automatic repeat request (SL HARQ) feedback received from the receiving UE to the BS. In this case, the timing and PUCCH resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the BS may be determined based on an indication in the PDCCH, through which the BS allocates resources for SL transmission.

[0138] For example, the DCI may indicate a time slot offset between DCI reception and the first SL transmission scheduled by the DCI. For example, the minimum gap between the DCI scheduling the SL transmission resources and the resources of the scheduled first SL transmission may not be less than the processing time of the UE.

[0139] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 1, a resource set for multiple SL transmissions may be periodically provided or allocated to the UE through a configuration grant from the BS. For example, the configuration grant may include a configuration grant type 1 or a configuration grant type 2. For example, the UE may determine a TB to be transmitted in each opportunity indicated by a given configuration grant.

[0140] For example, the BS may allocate SL resources to the UE in the same carrier or in different carriers.

[0141] For example, the NR gNB may control LTE-based SL communication. For example, the NR gNB may send NR DCI to the UE to schedule LTE SL resources. In this case, for example, a new RNTI may be defined to scramble the NR DCI. For example, the UE may include an NR SL module and an LTE SL module.

[0142] For example, after a UE including an NR SL module and an LTE SL module receives an NR SL DCI from a gNB, the NR SL module may transform the NR SL DCI into an LTE DCI type 5A and send the LTE DCI type 5A to the LTE SL module every X ms. For example, after the LTE SL module receives the LTE DCI format 5A from the NR SL module, the LTE SL module may activate and / or release the first LTE subframe after Z ms. For example, X may be dynamically indicated by a field of the DCI. For example, the minimum value of X may be different depending on the UE capabilities. For example, the UE may report a single value based on its UE capabilities. For example, X may be positive.

[0143] Reference Fig.12 (b) in LTE transmission mode 2, LTE transmission mode 4 or NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE can determine the SL transmission resources among the SL resources pre-configured or configured by the BS / network. For example, the pre-configured or configured SL resources can be a resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select or schedule SL transmission resources. For example, the UE can select resources in the configured resource pool by itself and perform SL communication in the selected resources. For example, the UE can select resources within the selection window by itself through the listening and resource (re)selection process. For example, listening can be performed on a sub-channel basis. UE 1 that has autonomously selected resources in the resource pool can send SCI to UE 2 on PSCCH, and then send data based on the SCI to UE2 on PSSCH.

[0144] For example, a UE may assist another UE in SL resource selection. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, a UE may be configured with a grant for SL transmission configuration. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, a UE may schedule SL transmission for another UE. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, a UE may reserve SL resources for blind retransmission.

[0145] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, UE1 may indicate the priority of SL transmission to UE2 via SCI. For example, UE2 may decode SCI and perform listening and / or resource (re)selection based on priority. For example, the resource (re)selection process may include identifying candidate resources by UE2 in a resource selection window and selecting resources for (re)transmission by UE2 from the identified candidate resources. For example, the resource selection window may be a time interval during which the UE selects resources for SL transmission. For example, after UE2 triggers resource (re)selection, the resource selection window may start from T1≥0 and may be limited by the remaining packet delay budget of UE2. For example, when the SCI received by the second UE from UE1 in the step of UE2 identifying candidate resources in the resource selection window indicates a specific resource and the L1 SL reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement of the specific resource exceeds the SL RSRP threshold, UE2 may not determine the specific resource as a candidate resource. For example, the SL RSRP threshold may be determined based on the priority of SL transmission indicated by the SCI received by UE2 from UE1 and the priority of SL transmission in the resource selected by UE2.

[0146] For example, the L1 SL RSRP may be measured based on the SL demodulation reference signal (DMRS). For example, one or more PSSCH DMRS patterns may be configured or pre-configured in the time domain for each resource pool. For example, PDSCH DMRS configuration type 1 and / or type 2 may be the same or similar to the PSSCH DMRS pattern in the frequency domain. For example, the exact DMRS pattern may be indicated by the SCI. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the transmitting UE may select a specific DMRS pattern from the DMRS patterns configured or pre-configured for the resource pool.

[0147] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the transmitting UE may perform initial transmission of a TB without reservation based on the listening and resource (re)selection process. For example, based on the listening and resource (re)selection process, the transmitting UE may reserve SL resources for initial transmission of the second TB using the SCI associated with the first TB.

[0148] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may reserve resources for feedback-based PSSCH retransmissions through signaling associated with a previous transmission of the same TB. For example, the maximum number of SL resources reserved for one transmission (including the current transmission) may be 2, 3, or 4. For example, the maximum number of SL resources may be the same regardless of whether HARQ feedback is enabled. For example, the maximum number of HARQ (re)transmissions for one TB may be limited by configuration or pre-configuration. For example, the maximum number of HARQ (re)transmissions may be as high as 32. For example, if there is no configuration or pre-configuration, the maximum number of HARQ (re)transmissions may not be specified. For example, the configuration or pre-configuration may be for the transmitting UE. For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, HARQ feedback for releasing resources not used by the UE may be supported.

[0149] For example, in NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE may indicate one or more subchannels and / or time slots used by the UE to another UE through SCI. For example, the UE may indicate to another UE through SCI one or more subchannels and / or time slots reserved by the UE for (re)transmission of PSSSCH. For example, the minimum allocation unit of SL resources may be a time slot. For example, the size of the subchannel may be configured or preconfigured for the UE.

[0150] Hereinafter, SL radio link monitoring (SLM) will be described.

[0151] For unicast AS level link management, SL RLM and / or radio link failure (RLF) declarations may be supported. In RLC Acknowledged Mode (SL AM) for SL unicast, an RLF declaration may be triggered by an indication from the RLC indicating that the maximum number of retransmissions has been reached. Higher layers may need to know the AS level link status (e.g., failure). Unlike the RLM process for unicast, RLM design related to multicast may not be considered. RLM and / or RLF declarations may not be required for multicast between group members.

[0152] For example, the transmitting UE may transmit the RS to the receiving UE, and the receiving UE may perform SL RLM using the RS. For example, the receiving UE may declare SL RLF using the RS. For example, the RS may be referred to as SL RS.

[0153] Hereinafter, SL measurement and reporting will be described.

[0154] For purposes such as QoS prediction, initial transmission parameter setting, link adaptation, link management, admission control, etc., SL measurements and reports (e.g., RSRP or RSRQ) between UEs may be considered in SL. For example, a receiving UE may receive RS from a transmitting UE and measure the channel state of the transmitting UE based on the RS. In addition, the receiving UE may report CSI to the transmitting UE. SL-related measurements and reports may include measurements and reports of CBR and reports of location information. Examples of CSI for V2X include channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix index (PMI), rank indicator (RI), RSRP, RSRQ, path gain / path loss, SRS resource indicator (SRI), CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), interference conditions, vehicle motion, etc. For unicast communications, CQI, RI, and PMI or a portion thereof may be supported in non-subband-based non-periodic CSI reports based on the assumption of four or fewer antenna ports. The CSI process may not depend on an independent RS. CSI reporting may be activated and disabled based on configuration.

[0155] For example, a transmitting UE may send a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) to a receiving UE, and the receiving UE may measure CQI or RI using the CSI-RS. For example, the CSI-RS may be referred to as an SL CSI-RS. For example, the CSI-RS may be restricted to PSSCH transmission. For example, the transmitting UE may send the CSI-RS to the receiving UE in a PSSCH resource.

[0156] Hereinafter, the PHY layer process will be described.

[0157] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, before sending the data unit over the air interface, the data unit may be subjected to PHY layer processing at the transmitting side. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a radio signal carrying the data unit may be subjected to PHY layer processing at the receiving side.

[0158] Fig.13 The PHY layer processing of the transmitter according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0159] Table 5 may illustrate a mapping relationship between UL transport channels and physical channels, and Table 6 may illustrate a mapping relationship between UL control channel information and physical channels.

[0160] [Table 5]

[0161] Transmission Channel Physical Channel UL-SCH (UL Shared Channel) PUSCH (Physical UL Shared Channel) RACH (Random Access Channel) PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)

[0162] [Table 6]

[0163]

[0164] Table 7 may illustrate a mapping relationship between DL transport channels and physical channels, and Table 8 may illustrate a mapping relationship between DL control channel information and physical channels.

[0165] [Table 7]

[0166] Transmission Channel Physical Channel DL-SCH (DL Shared Channel) PDSCH (Physical DL Shared Channel) BCH (Broadcast Channel) PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) PCH (Paging Channel) PDSCH (Physical DL Shared Channel)

[0167] [Table 8]

[0168] Control Information Physical Channel DCI (DL Control Information) PDCCH (Physical DL Control Channel)

[0169] Table 9 may illustrate a mapping relationship between SL transport channels and physical channels, and Table 10 may illustrate a mapping relationship between SL control channel information and physical channels.

[0170] [Table 9]

[0171] Transmission Channel Physical Channel SL-SCH (Secondary Link Shared Channel) PSSCH (Physical Sublink Shared Channel) SL-BCH (Secondary Link Broadcast Channel) PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel)

[0172] [Table 10]

[0173]

[0174]

[0175] Reference Fig.13 , in step S100, the sender may encode the TB. The PHY layer may encode the data and control streams from the MAC layer to provide a transport service and a control service via a radio transmission link in the PHY layer. For example, the TB from the MAC layer may be encoded as a codeword at the sender. The channel coding scheme may be a combination of error detection, error correction, rate matching, interleaving, and demapping of transport channels or control information from physical channels. Alternatively, the channel coding scheme may be a combination of error detection, error correction, rate matching, interleaving, and mapping of control information or transport channels to physical channels.

[0176] In the NR system, the following channel coding schemes may be used for different types of transport channels and different types of control information. For example, the channel coding schemes for each transport channel type may be listed in Table 11. For example, the channel coding schemes for each control information type may be listed in Table 12.

[0177] [Table 11]

[0178]

[0179] [Table 12]

[0180]

[0181] For example, a polarization code may be applied to the PSCCH.For example, an LDPC code may be applied to a TB transmitted on the PSSCH.

[0182] In order to send a TB (e.g., MAC PDU), the sender may attach a CRC sequence to the TB. Thus, the sender may provide error detection for the receiver. In SL communication, the sender may be a transmitting UE and the receiver may be a receiving UE. In the NR system, the communication device may use LDPC codes to encode / decode UL-SCH and DL-SCH. The NR system may support two LDPC base graphs (i.e., two LDPC base metrics). The two LDPC base graphs may be LDPC base graphs optimized for small TBs. Figure 1 and LDPC basic optimized for large TB Figure 2 The sender can select the LDPC basic code based on the size of TB and the code rate R. Figure 1 or LDPC basic Figure 2 . The coding rate may be indicated by the MCS index I_MCS. The MCS index may be dynamically provided to the UE via the PDCCH that schedules the PUSCH or PDSCH. Alternatively, the MCS index may be dynamically provided to the UE via the PDCCH that (re)initializes or activates the UL configuration grant type 2 or DL ​​semi-persistent scheduling (SPS). The MCS index may be provided to the UE via RRC signaling associated with the UL configuration grant type 1. When the TB to which the CRC is attached is larger than the maximum code block (CB) size of the selected LDPC basic graph, the sender may divide the TB to which the CRC is attached into multiple CBs. The sender may also attach an additional CRC sequence to each CB. LDPC basic graph Figure 1 And LDPC basic Figure 2 The maximum code block size can be 8448 bits and 3480 bits respectively. When the TB with CRC attached is not larger than the maximum CB size of the selected LDPC basic graph, the sender may encode the TB with CRC attached into the selected LDPC basic graph. The sender may encode each CB of the TB into the selected LDPC basic graph. The LDPC CBs may be rate matched separately. The CBs may be cascaded to generate codewords sent on the PDSCH or PUSCH. Up to two codewords (i.e., up to two TBs) may be sent simultaneously on the PDSCH. The PUSCH may be used for the transmission of UL-SCH data and first layer and / or second layer control information. Although in Fig.21 Not shown, but layer 1 and / or layer 2 control information may be multiplexed with the codewords used for UL-SCH data.

[0183] In steps S101 and S102, the sender may scramble and modulate the codeword. Each bit in the codeword may be scrambled and modulated to generate a block of complex-valued modulation symbols.

[0184] In step S103, the transmitter may perform layer mapping. The complex-valued modulation symbols of the codeword may be mapped to one or more MIMO layers. The codeword may be mapped to up to four layers. The PDSCH may carry two codewords, thereby supporting up to 8 layers of transmission. The PUSCH may support a single codeword, thereby supporting up to 4 layers of transmission.

[0185] In step S104, the transmitter may perform precoding transformation. The DL transmission waveform may be a general OFDM using CP. For DL, transform precoding (ie, discrete Fourier transform (DFT)) may not be applied.

[0186] The UL transmit waveform can be a conventional OFDM using a CP with a transform precoding function that performs DFT expansion that can be disabled or enabled. In the NR system, transform precoding can be selectively applied to the UL when enabled. Transform precoding can be to expand the UL data in a special way to reduce the PAPR of the waveform. Transform precoding can be a type of DFT. That is, the NR system can support two options for the UL waveform. One of the two options can be CP-OFDM (the same as the DL waveform) and the other can be DFT-s-OFDM. The BS can determine whether the UE should use CP-OFDM or DFT-s-OFDM through RRC parameters.

[0187] In step S105, the transmitter may perform subcarrier mapping. Layers may be mapped to antenna ports. In DL, for layer-to-antenna port mapping, transparent (non-codebook-based) mapping may be supported, and how beamforming or MIMO precoding is performed may be transparent to the UE. In UL, for layer-to-antenna port mapping, both non-codebook-based mapping and codebook-based mapping may be supported.

[0188] For each antenna port (ie, layer) used for transmission of a physical channel (eg, PDSCH, PUSCH, or PSSCH), the transmitter may map complex-valued modulation symbols to subcarriers in an RB allocated to the physical channel.

[0189] In step S106, the transmitter may perform OFDM modulation. The transmitter's communication device may add a CP and perform an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), thereby generating a time-continuous OFDM baseband signal on the subcarrier spacing (SPS) configuration u and antenna port p of OFDM symbol 1 within the TTI of the physical channel. For example, for each OFDM symbol, the transmitter's communication device may perform IFFT on the complex-valued modulation symbol mapped to the RB of the corresponding OFDM symbol. The transmitter's communication device may add a CP to the IFFT signal to generate an OFDM baseband signal.

[0190] In step S107, the transmitter may perform up-conversion. The transmitter's communication device may up-convert the OFDM symbol l, SCS configuration u, and OFDM baseband signal of antenna port p to the carrier frequency f0 of the cell to which the physical channel is allocated.

[0191] Fig. 22 The processors 102 and 202 in the EMBODIMENT may be configured to perform encoding, scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, precoding transformation (for UL), subcarrier mapping, and OFDM modulation.

[0192] Fig.14 The PHY layer processing of the receiving side according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0193] The PHY layer processing of the receiving side may be substantially the inverse processing of the PHY layer processing of the transmitting side.

[0194] In step S110, the receiving party may perform down-conversion. The receiving party's communication device may receive a radio frequency (RF) signal of a carrier frequency through an antenna. The transceiver 106 or 206 receiving the RF signal of the carrier frequency may down-convert the carrier frequency of the RF signal to a baseband to obtain an OFDM baseband signal.

[0195] In step S111, the transmitter may perform OFDM demodulation. The receiver's communication device may obtain complex-valued modulation symbols by CP removal and fast Fourier transform (FFT). For example, for each OFDM symbol, the receiver's communication device may remove the CP from the OFDM baseband signal. Then, the receiver's communication device may perform FFT on the CP-free OFDM baseband signal to obtain complex-valued modulation symbols for antenna port p, SCS u, and OFDM symbol l.

[0196] In step S112, the receiving side may perform subcarrier demapping. Subcarrier demapping may be performed on the complex-valued modulation symbols to obtain complex-valued modulation symbols of the physical channel. For example, the processor of the UE may obtain complex-valued modulation symbols mapped to subcarriers of the PDSCH among the complex-valued modulation symbols received in the BWP.

[0197] In step S113, the receiving side may perform transform deprecoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a UL physical channel, transform deprecoding (e.g., inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT)) may be performed on the complex-valued modulation symbols of the UL physical channel. Transform deprecoding cannot be performed for a DL physical channel and a UL physical channel for which transform precoding is disabled.

[0198] In step S114, the receiving end may perform layer demapping. The complex-valued modulation symbols may be demapped into one or two codewords.

[0199] In steps S115 and S116, the receiving side may perform demodulation and descrambling.The complex-valued modulation symbols of the codeword may be demodulated and descrambled into bits of the codeword.

[0200] In step S117, the receiver may perform decoding. The codeword may be decoded into a TB. For UL-SCH and DL-SCH, an LDPC basic code may be selected based on the size of the TB and the coding rate R. Figure 1 or LDPC basic Figure 2 . A codeword may include one or more CBs. Through the selected LDPC basic graph, each coded block may be decoded into a CB with CRC attached or a TB with CRC attached. When CB segmentation has been performed on a TB with CRC attached at the sender, the CRC sequence may be removed from each of the CBs with CRC attached. The CB may be cascaded to the TB with CRC attached. The TBCRC sequence may be removed from the TB with CRC attached, thereby obtaining the TB. The TB may be transmitted to the MAC layer.

[0201] Fig. 22 Each of the processors 102 and 202 in the EMBODIMENT may be configured to perform OFDM demodulation, subcarrier demapping, layer demapping, demodulation, descrambling, and decoding.

[0202] In the above-mentioned PHY layer processing of the sender / receiver, time and frequency resources (e.g., OFDM symbols, subcarriers, and carrier frequencies) related to subcarrier mapping, OFDM modulation, and upconversion / downconversion may be determined based on resource allocation (e.g., UL grant or DL ​​assignment).

[0203] Hereinafter, the BWP and the resource pool will be described.

[0204] When bandwidth adaptation (BA) is used, the reception bandwidth and transmission bandwidth of the UE do not need to be as large as the bandwidth of the cell and can be adjusted. For example, the network / BS can inform the UE of the bandwidth adjustment. For example, the UE can receive information / configuration for bandwidth adjustment from the network / BS. In this case, the UE can perform bandwidth adjustment based on the received information / configuration. For example, the bandwidth adjustment can include a reduction / increase in bandwidth, a change in the location of the bandwidth, or a change in the SCS of the bandwidth.

[0205] For example, the bandwidth may be reduced during periods of low activity in order to save power. For example, the location of the bandwidth may be shifted in the frequency domain. For example, the location of the bandwidth may be shifted in the frequency domain to increase scheduling flexibility. For example, the SCS of the bandwidth may be changed. For example, the SCS of the bandwidth may be changed to allow different services. A subset of the total cell bandwidth of a cell may be referred to as a BWP. BA may be implemented by configuring a BWP for a UE and the BS / network indicating to the UE the currently activated BWP among the configured BWPs.

[0206] Fig.15 A plurality of BWPs according to embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0207] Reference Fig.15 , you can configure BWP1 with a bandwidth of 40MHz and an SCS of 15kHz, BWP2 with a bandwidth of 10MHz and an SCS of 15kHz, and BWP3 with a bandwidth of 20MHz and an SCS of 60kHz.

[0208] Fig.16 The BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Fig.16 In the implementation scheme of FIG. 5 , it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0209] Reference Fig.16 , a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier RB numbered from one end of the carrier frequency band to the other end of the carrier frequency band. A PRB may be an RB numbered within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0210] The BWP may be configured by point A, an offset NstartBWP relative to point A, and a bandwidth NsizeBWP. For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRBs of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all parameter sets (e.g., the network supports all parameter sets within the carrier) is aligned. For example, the offset may be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier and point A for a given parameter set. For example, the bandwidth may be the number of PRBs for a given technology.

[0211] BWP can be defined for SL. The same SL BWP can be used for transmission and reception. For example, a transmitting UE can send a SL channel or SL signal in a specific BWP, and a receiving UE can receive a SL channel or SL signal in a specific BWP. In a licensed carrier, the SL BWP can be defined separately from the Uu BWP and have configuration signaling separate from the Uu BWP. For example, the UE can receive a configuration for the SL BWP from the BS / network. The SL BWP can be (pre-)configured in a carrier for out-of-coverage NR V2X UEs and RRC_IDLEUEs. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode, at least one SLBWP can be activated in a carrier.

[0212] A resource pool may be a collection of time-frequency resources that may be used for SL transmission and / or SL reception. From the perspective of the UE, the time-frequency resources of the resource pool may not be continuous. Multiple resource pools may be (pre-)configured for a UE in one carrier. From the perspective of the PHY layer, the UE may use the configured or pre-configured resource pools to perform unicast, groupcast, and broadcast communications.

[0213] Implementation

[0214] In NR Uu (operation between eNB and UE) communication, beam management operations at millimeter wave frequencies are newly introduced. Beam management operations may include beam scheduling, beam selection, and beam failure recovery. When the UE and eNB communicate with each other through the beam selected between the V2X UE and the eNB, when a problem occurs in the selected beam (i.e., in the case of a beam failure), the side link communication between the V2X UEs may also be affected. In addition, when a problem occurs in the radio link status between the V2X UE and the eNB (i.e., when a radio link failure is declared or detected), the side link communication between the V2X UEs may also be affected.

[0215] Again, when a beam failure or a radio link failure occurs between the eNB and the V2X UE, a problem may occur in the communication between the eNB and the UE. When the V2X UE receives a signal from the eNB and uses the signal in a secondary link communication with another UE, if a beam failure or a radio link failure occurs between the eNB and the V2X UE, the secondary link communication may also be adversely affected. In more detail, the V2X UE may determine that there is a problem in the radio link state with the eNB. The V2X UE may monitor the radio link with the eNB, and when it is determined that the radio link is in a state where communication is impossible, the V2X UE may detect or declare a radio link failure (RLF). For example, when an OUT OF SYNC command is received N times consecutively from the physical layer, the UE may detect the RLF. When the UE does not receive consecutive IN SYNC commands for a predetermined time (e.g., T310 timer duration) after detecting the RLF or does not receive consecutive OUT OF SYNC commands for a predetermined time, the UE may declare the RLF.

[0216] In the following description, the operation of the UE corresponding to the beam failure or beam failure recovery operation may be applied to the operation of the UE in any situation where a problem occurs in the radio link between the eNB and the UE (e.g., detection or declaration of radio link failure). That is, the present disclosure is not limited to the case where a beam failure occurs, and may be applied to any situation where a problem occurs in the radio link between the UE and the eNB (e.g., detection or declaration of radio link failure).

[0217] It can be assumed that the V2X UE receives resource allocation from the eNB using the resource allocation mode 1 method (e.g., mode 1 dynamic scheduling) and performs side-link communication. When a beam failure occurs in the beam selected by the UE in the Uu link between the UE and the eNB, the UE can perform a beam failure recovery operation. During the beam failure recovery period, the following problem may occur: the UE cannot normally perform a mode 1 resource allocation request (i.e., SR / BSR process) for side-link communication with the eNB. In addition, due to the failure of the previously used beam, the following problem may occur: a side-link resource request cannot be performed on the eNB before the UE selects a new beam through the beam failure recovery process. In this case, the UE can switch to the mode 2 resource usage mode to perform side-link communication so as to temporarily use the mode 2 resources (Tx exception pool) during the beam failure recovery period.

[0218] Fig.17 is a diagram for explaining the operation of a general UE when a beam failure occurs in a V2X UE currently operating in resource allocation mode 1.

[0219] Reference Fig.17, a V2X transmitting UE currently operating using the resource allocation mode 1 method may perform Uu communication with the eNB through the selected beam. When the transmitting terminal detects a beam failure of the Uu link continuously (exceeding the maximum value), a beam failure recovery process may be started. The transmitting UE may switch to resource allocation mode 2 during the beam failure recovery period and may perform secondary link communication using the Tx exception pool (mode 2 resources) based on random selection.

[0220] However, in this way, the process of switching resource allocation mode 1 to resource allocation mode 2 for secondary link communication by the UE may increase the implementation or operation complexity of the UE. Therefore, in order to simplify the operation of the UE and improve the operation efficiency of the UE, the operation in one mode can be maintained. That is, the switching operation of changing the resource allocation mode of the UE can be minimized under limited circumstances.

[0221] The present disclosure may propose a method of overcoming the problem stated in the background art, that is, performing switching of secondary link resources and usage modes without any conditions due to Uu beam failure.

[0222] Proposal. Resource allocation of a UE operating in resource allocation mode 1 is performed only when certain conditions are met. Matching mode switching operation.

[0223] It may be proposed that if a beam failure occurs in a beam selected and used in a Uu link between a UE and an eNB operating in mode 1, the mode 1 resource allocation method is switched to the mode 2 resource allocation method only when the proposed conditions are met. In addition, it may be proposed that if a radio link failure in a Uu link between a UE and an eNB operating in mode 1 is declared or detected, the mode 1 resource allocation method is switched to the mode 2 resource allocation method only when the proposed conditions are met.

[0224] It can be proposed that if a beam failure occurs in the beam selected and used by the UE in the Uu link between the UE in mode 1 and the eNB, when there is side-link data to be transmitted from the TX UE in mode 1 to the RX UE, it is determined according to the following conditions whether the TX UE continues to use mode 1 resources to perform side-link communication or switches to mode 2 to perform side-link communication using mode 2 resources.

[0225] The TX UE may compare the waiting time budget for the side link data to be transmitted to the RX UE with the beam failure recovery timer duration, and may determine whether to continue using the Mode 1 resources or switch Mode 1 to Mode 2 to use the Mode 2 resources.

[0226] Here, the beam failure recovery timer refers to a timer started by the UE initiating a beam failure recovery procedure due to continuous failure of the selected beam. The TX UE may select a new beam and may recover from the beam failure before the timer value expires.

[0227] Here, the waiting time budget refers to the upper limit of the allowable delay time of the corresponding side link data. That is, the UE needs to receive the side link data from the upper layer and send the received side link data to another UE within the waiting time budget. In addition, a different waiting time budget may be required for each side link data.

[0228] According to another embodiment, the TX UE may compare the waiting time budget of the side link data to be transmitted to the RX UE with the radio link failure recovery timer duration, and may compare whether to continue to use the mode 1 resources or switch mode 1 to mode 2. In the following description, the description related to the beam failure recovery timer may also be applied to the radio link failure recovery timer.

[0229] The following description will give various implementations of determining whether the TX UE continues to use the Mode 1 resource allocation method or changes the Mode 1 resource allocation method to the Mode 2 resource allocation method, taking into account the waiting time budget of the secondary link data and the beam failure recovery timer duration.

[0230] 1) The waiting time budget for the arrival data of the TX UE > the duration of the beam failure recovery timer

[0231] - Implementation Method 1

[0232] For example, when continuous (maximum) beam failure is detected to trigger the beam failure recovery process and the beam failure recovery timer is started, if the waiting time budget of the side link data is longer than the beam failure recovery timer duration (i.e., when it is determined that there is a waiting time tolerance for the transmission of the side link data), the TX UE may process the triggered buffer status report (BSR) of the side link arrival data as suspended and may not trigger a scheduling request (SR) for the triggered BSR of the side link arrival data, or may not send the triggered BSR of the side link arrival data until the beam failure is recovered to select a new beam of the Uu link between the TXUE and the eNB. In addition, until the beam failure is recovered, the TX UE may process the resource allocation process (resource allocation based on the mode 1 resource allocation request process (e.g., BSR triggering, SR triggering, SR sending, and BSR sending) and the mode 2 resource allocation (e.g., mode 2Tx normal resource selection based on the sensing process and sensing results for mode 2TX normal resource selection and mode 2TX abnormal pool resource selection based on random selection)) as suspended.

[0233] That is, like in the conventional technology, the TX UE can switch to Mode 2 and may not use the Mode 2 TX exception pool. This is because there is a waiting time tolerance for the arrival data, so even if the mode 1 resources are used to restart the side link communication after the beam failure is recovered under the corresponding conditions, the waiting time requirement can be met. When the beam failure is recovered and a new beam is selected, the TX UE can restart the suspended BSR of the previous side link arrival data, or can restart the suspended mode 1 resource allocation request for the previous side link arrival data (for example, triggering an untriggered BSR for the side link arrival data, restarting and sending a triggered but suspended BSR for the side link arrival data, and sending a triggered but suspended SR for the side link arrival data), and can perform the "Mode 1 Resource Allocation Request Process (SR / BSR)" on the eNB.

[0234] Fig.18 This is a diagram for explaining the first embodiment.

[0235] Reference Fig.18 In step S1801, the TX UE may request mode 1 secondary link transmission resources from the eNB through the selected beam and may be allocated mode 1 resources.

[0236] In step S1802 , the TX UE may generate data to be transmitted to the RX UE to trigger a BSR.

[0237] In step S1803, the secondary link TX UE may detect the beam failure of the Uu link (between the UE and the eNB) to the maximum extent possible to trigger a beam failure recovery (BFR) process, and may start a beam failure recovery timer at the same time.

[0238] In step S1804, the TX UE may compare the generated waiting time budget for the side link data with the beam failure recovery timer duration, and when the waiting time budget for the side link data is longer than the beam failure recovery timer duration (when it is determined that there is a waiting time tolerance), the TX UE may process the triggered BSR as suspended, or may process the BSR triggering of the side link data as suspended.

[0239] In step S1805, when the beam failure is recovered, the TX UE may restart the previously triggered suspended BSR for the side link data, or may restart the BSR triggering for the untriggered BSR for the side link data to restart the mode 1 resource allocation request process.

[0240] According to another embodiment, when the beam is not recovered during the beam failure recovery timer under the aforementioned conditions, the TX UE may switch to Mode 2, may sense and select Mode 2 resources, and may send side link data to the RX UE.

[0241] - Implementation Method 2

[0242] According to another embodiment, when continuous (maximum) beam failure is detected to trigger the beam failure recovery process and the beam failure timer is started, if the waiting time budget of the side link data is longer than the beam failure recovery timer duration (i.e., when it is determined that there is a waiting time tolerance for the transmission of the side link data), the TX UE can cancel the triggered BSR of the side link arrival data. In addition, until the beam failure is recovered, the TX UE can process the resource allocation process (mode 1 resource allocation request and mode 2 resource sensing and selection) as suspended.

[0243] That is, as in the conventional technology, the TX UE may switch to Mode 2 and may not use the Mode 2 TX exception pool. This is because there is a waiting time tolerance for the arrival data, so even if the side link communication is restarted using Mode 1 resources after the beam failure is recovered under the corresponding conditions, the waiting time requirement can be met. When the beam failure is recovered and a new beam is selected, the TX UE can newly trigger the canceled BSR for the transmission of the previous side link arrival data, and can perform the "Mode 1 Resource Allocation Request Process (SR / BSR)".

[0244] Fig.19 This is a diagram for explaining the second embodiment.

[0245] Reference Fig.19 In step S1901, the TX UE may request mode 1 secondary link transmission resources from the eNB through the selected beam and may be allocated mode 1 resources.

[0246] In step S1902 , the TX UE may generate data to be transmitted to the RX UE to trigger a BSR.

[0247] In step S1903, the secondary link TX UE may detect the beam failure of the Uu link (between the UE and the eNB) to the maximum extent possible to trigger a beam failure recovery (BFR) process, and may start a BFR timer at the same time.

[0248] In step S1904, the TX UE may compare the generated waiting time budget for the side link data with the BFR timer duration, and when the waiting time budget for the side link data is longer than the BFR timer duration (when it is determined that there is a waiting time tolerance), the TX UE may cancel the triggered BSR.

[0249] In step S1905, when the beam failure is recovered, the TX UE may trigger a new BSR for transmission of the side link data that was not completely transmitted to the previous RX UE, and may perform a mode 1 resource allocation request procedure.

[0250] According to another embodiment, when the beam is not recovered during the BFR timer under the aforementioned conditions, the TX UE may switch to Mode 2, may sense and select Mode 2 resources, and may send side link data to the RX UE.

[0251] - Implementation Method 3

[0252] According to another embodiment, when continuous (maximum) beam failure is detected to trigger the beam failure recovery process and the beam failure timer is started, if the waiting time budget of the side link data is longer than the beam failure recovery timer duration (i.e., when it is determined that there is a waiting time tolerance for the transmission of the side link data), then when the side link data is generated after the beam failure recovery starts, the TX UE may not trigger the BSR for the generated side link data. In addition, until the beam failure is recovered, the TX UE may process the resource allocation process (mode 1 resource allocation request and mode 2 resource allocation (e.g., mode 2Tx normal resource selection based on the sensing process and sensing results for mode 2TX normal resource selection and mode 2TX abnormal pool resource selection based on random selection)) as suspended.

[0253] That is, like in the conventional technology, the TX UE can switch to Mode 2 and may not use the Mode 2 TX exception pool. This is because there is a waiting time tolerance for the arrival data, so even if the side link communication is restarted using Mode 1 resources after the beam failure is restored under the corresponding conditions, the waiting time requirement can be met. When the beam failure is restored and a new beam is selected, the TX UE can trigger a BSR for the transmission of the previous side link arrival data and can perform a "Mode 1 resource allocation request process (SR / BSR)".

[0254] Fig. 20 This is a diagram for explaining the third embodiment.

[0255] Reference Fig. 20 In step S2001, the TX UE may request mode 1 secondary link transmission resources from the eNB through the selected beam and may be allocated mode 1 resources.

[0256] In step S2002, the secondary link TX UE may detect the beam failure of the Uu link (between the UE and the eNB) to the maximum extent possible to trigger a beam failure recovery (BFR) process, and may start a BFR timer at the same time.

[0257] In step S2003 , the TX UE may generate data to be transmitted to the RX UE.

[0258] In step S2004, the TX UE may compare the waiting time budget of the generated side-link data with the BFR timer duration, and when the waiting time budget of the side-link data is longer than the BFR timer duration (when it is determined that there is a waiting time tolerance), the TX UE may not trigger the BSR for the transmission of the generated side-link data, and may process the transmission of the side-link data as suspended until the beam failure is recovered.

[0259] In step S2005, when the beam failure is recovered, the TX UE may trigger a BSR for transmission of side link data that was not completely transmitted to the previous RX UE, and may perform a mode 1 resource allocation request procedure.

[0260] According to another embodiment, when the beam is not recovered during the BFR timer under the aforementioned conditions, the TX UE may switch to Mode 2, may sense and select Mode 2 resources, and may send side link data to the RX UE.

[0261] In the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 3, when the beam is not recovered under corresponding conditions, the TX UE can switch to mode 2, can sense and select mode 2 resources, and can send data to the RX UE.

[0262] TX UE's waiting time budget for arriving data < duration of beam failure recovery timer

[0263] - Implementation Method 4

[0264] When continuous (maximum) beam failure is detected to trigger the beam failure recovery process, if the waiting time budget for the side link data is shorter than the beam failure recovery timer duration (i.e., when the waiting time for the transmission of the side link data is determined to be short), the TX UE may cancel the triggered BSR of the side link arrival data, or may not perform the BSR trigger before the BSR of the side link arrival data. In addition, when this condition is met, the TX UE may use the mode 2 TX exception pool until the beam failure is recovered. Here, the short waiting time for the arrival data means that, under this condition, if the side link communication is resumed using mode 1 resources after the beam failure recovery, it is impossible to meet the waiting time requirement. Therefore, in this case, the TX UE may switch to resource allocation mode 2, and may sense, select and use resource allocation mode 2 resources.

[0265] When the beam failure is recovered and a new beam is selected, the TX UE may perform the "Mode 1 Resource Allocation Request Procedure (SR / BSR)" again to send new secondary link arrival data and may send secondary link data to the RX UE.

[0266] Fig.21 This is a diagram for explaining the fourth embodiment.

[0267] Reference Fig.21 In step S2101, the TX UE may request mode 1 secondary link transmission resources from the eNB through the selected beam and may be allocated mode 1 resources.

[0268] In step S2102, the secondary link TX UE may detect the beam failure of the Uu link (between the UE and the eNB) to the maximum extent possible to trigger a beam failure recovery (BFR) process, and may start a BFR timer at the same time.

[0269] In step S2103 , the TX UE may generate sidelink data to be transmitted to the RX UE.

[0270] In step S2104, the TX UE may compare the generated waiting time budget of the side link data with the BFR timer duration, and when the waiting time budget of the side link data is shorter than the BFR timer duration (when it is determined that the waiting time is short), the TX UE may use the "Mode 2 TX exception pool" until the beam failure is restored.

[0271] In step S2105, when the beam failure is recovered and a new beam is selected, the TX UE can again perform the "mode 1 resource allocation request process (for example, triggering an untriggered BSR for the side-link arrival data, restarting and sending a triggered but suspended BSR for the side-link arrival data, and sending a triggered but suspended SR for the side-link arrival data)" to send new side-link arrival data, and the side-link data can be sent to the RX UE.

[0272] Fig. 22 It is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0273] Reference Fig. 22, in step S2201, the first UE may determine that a physical layer problem has occurred in the communication with the eNB. The first UE may be a TX UE that performs side-link communication. The first UE may operate in resource allocation mode 1 in which side-link resources are allocated from the eNB. When a beam failure equal to or greater than a threshold is detected for a beam selected in the communication with the eNB, the UE may determine that a physical layer problem has occurred in the communication with the eNB. According to another embodiment, when a radio link failure is detected or declared in the communication with the eNB, the UE may determine that a physical layer problem has occurred. That is, the first UE operating in resource allocation mode 1 may determine that a problem has occurred in the communication with the eNB and cannot communicate with the eNB smoothly.

[0274] In step S2202, the first UE may start a recovery timer for a physical layer problem. The recovery timer for the physical layer problem may be a beam failure recovery timer or a radio link failure recovery timer. The recovery timer for the physical layer problem may expire after a predetermined duration. After the recovery timer is started, before the recovery timer expires, the first UE may recover the beam failure or may recover the radio link.

[0275] The first UE may receive sidelink data to be sent to another UE from a higher layer. The sidelink data needs to be transmitted to the RX UE or the second UE within a latency budget, which is a maximum delay time configured as a QoS requirement.

[0276] In step S2203, the first UE may determine whether the current mode is switched to resource allocation mode 2 in consideration of the recovery timer expiration time and the waiting time budget for the secondary link data. In more detail, when the recovery timer expiration time is within the waiting time budget, the first UE may not switch to resource allocation mode 2 (step S2204). This is because the link with the eNB is restored before the waiting time budget end time is restored and operates in resource allocation mode 1. However, when the link with the eNB is not restored before the recovery timer expires, the first UE may switch to resource allocation mode 2.

[0277] In contrast, when the recovery timer expires after the waiting time budget, the first UE may switch to resource allocation mode 2 (step S2205), because the link with the eNB is unlikely to be recovered before the waiting time budget ends.

[0278] In step S2206, the first UE may use resources of resource allocation mode 1 or resource allocation mode 2 to send side link data to the second UE.

[0279] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when a beam failure in a Uu link with an eNB is detected, the V2X TX UE may compare the waiting time budget for the side link data with the beam failure recovery duration for the side link data transmission, and may determine whether to continue to use the "mode 1 resource allocation method" or switch the current mode to the "mode 2 resource allocation method" and operate during the beam recovery duration. When it is determined by the proposed method that there is a waiting time budget tolerance for the side link data, even if the TX UE performs a beam recovery process, the TX UE may not switch to the mode 2 resource allocation method to prevent an increase in the operation complexity of the UE.

[0280] Example of a communication system to which the present disclosure is applied

[0281] The various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure described herein may be applied without limitation to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0282] Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / descriptions, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks or functional blocks.

[0283] Fig.23 A communication system applied to the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0284] Reference Fig.23, the communication system applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device, a base station (BS) and a network. Herein, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR) or long term evolution (LTE)), and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. The wireless device may include, but is not limited to, a robot 100a, a vehicle 100b-1 and 100b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with a wireless communication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication. Herein, a vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices may include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices and may be implemented in the form of head mounted devices (HMDs), heads up displays (HUDs) mounted in vehicles, televisions, smart phones, computers, wearable devices, home appliance devices, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices may include smart phones, smart boards, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., notebooks). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters. For example, a BS and a network may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200a may operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0285] The wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 via the BS 200. AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the AI ​​server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other via the BS 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f may perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing through the BS / network. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). An IoT device (e.g., a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., a sensor) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0286] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b or 150c may be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200 or BS 200 / BS 200. Herein, wireless communication / connection may be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication) or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). The wireless device and the BS / wireless device may transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other through wireless communication / connection 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connection 150a and 150b may transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, various configuration information configuration processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping) and at least a portion of the resource allocation process may be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0287] Examples of wireless devices to which the present disclosure is applied

[0288] Fig.24 A wireless device suitable for use with the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0289] Reference Fig.24 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 may transmit radio signals through various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} may correspond to Fig.23 {wireless device 100x and BS 200} and / or {wireless device 100x and wireless device 100x} in.

[0290] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and further include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106, and may be configured to implement the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 may process the information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive a radio signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 may be connected to the processor 102, and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 may store software codes including commands for executing part or all of the processing controlled by the processor 102 or for executing the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Herein, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108. Each of the transceivers 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may be used interchangeably with (one or more) radio frequency (RF) units. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0291] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and further include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206, and may be configured to implement the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 may process the information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the third information / signals through the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202, and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 may store software codes including commands for executing part or all of the processing controlled by the processor 202 or for executing the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. Herein, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208. Each of the transceivers 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0292] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 102 and 202 without limitation. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, and provide the generated signal to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and obtain the PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the description, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0293] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. Firmware or software may be used to implement the description, function, process, proposal, method, and / or operational flow chart disclosed herein, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the description, function, process, proposal, method, and / or operational flow chart disclosed herein may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flow charts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, commands and / or command sets.

[0294] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be composed of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, register, cache memory, computer-readable storage medium and / or a combination thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 by respective technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0295] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can send the user data, control information and / or radio signal / channel mentioned in the method and / or operation flow chart of this article to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive the user data, control information and / or radio signal / channel mentioned in the description, function, process, proposal, method and / or operation flow chart disclosed in this article from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202, and send and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can send user data, control information or radio signal to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control so that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive user data, control information or radio signal from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to send and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the description, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flow charts disclosed herein through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals into baseband signals so as to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals into RF band signals. To this end, one or more of the transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0296] Example of a signal processing circuit to which the present disclosure is applied

[0297] Fig.25 Signal processing circuitry for the transmission signal is shown.

[0298] Reference Fig.25 The signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. Fig.24 The processors 102 and 202 and / or the transceivers 106 and 206 execute Fig.25Operation / function. Fig.24 The processors 102 and 202 and / or the transceivers 106 and 206 implement Fig.25 For example, you can Fig.24 Blocks 1010 to 1060 can be implemented by processors 102 and 202. Alternatively, Fig.24 The processors 102 and 202 implement blocks 1010 to 1050 and can be implemented by Fig.24 The transceivers 106 and 206 implement block 1060.

[0299] Can be through Fig.25 The signal processing circuit 1000 transforms the codeword into a radio signal. Herein, the codeword is a coded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., UL-SCH transport block, DL-SCH transport block). The radio signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0300] Specifically, the codeword may be transformed into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler 1010. A scrambling sequence for scrambling may be generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence may be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator 1020. The modulation scheme may include π / 2-binary phase shift keying (π / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex modulation symbol sequence may be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper 1030. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer may be mapped (precoded) to the corresponding antenna port by a precoder 1040. The output z of the precoder 1040 may be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 1030 by the N×M precoding matrix W. Herein, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 may perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) on the complex modulation symbol. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0301] The resource mapper 1050 may map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1060 may generate a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal may be sent to other devices through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) CP inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0302] Can be used with Fig.25 The signal processing process for a signal received in a wireless device is configured in a manner opposite to the signal processing processes 1010 to 1060 of the wireless device. Fig.24 100 and 200) can receive a radio signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signal can be converted into a baseband signal by a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapping process, a post-coding process, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling process. The codeword can be restored to the original information block by decoding. Therefore, a signal processing circuit (not illustrated) for receiving a signal may include a signal restorer, a resource demapper, a post-encoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0303] Application examples of wireless devices to which the present disclosure is applied

[0304] Fig.26 Another example of a wireless device applied to the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms according to use cases / services (refer to Fig.23 ).

[0305] Reference Fig.26 , the wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to Fig.24 The wireless devices 100 and 200 may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130 and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include Fig.24 The one or more processors 102 and 202 and / or the one or more memories 104 and 204 of the present invention. For example, the transceiver 114 may include Fig.24 The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the additional components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the storage unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit the information stored in the storage unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store the information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the storage unit 130.

[0306] The additional component 140 may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in the following forms without limitation: a robot ( Fig.23 100a), vehicle ( Fig.23 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR devices ( Fig.23 100c), handheld device ( Fig.23 100d), household appliances ( Fig.23 100e), IoT devices ( Fig.23 100f), digital broadcast terminal, hologram device, public safety device, MTC device, medical device, FinTech device (or financial device), security device, climate / environmental device, AI server / device ( Fig.23 400), BS( Fig.23 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, the wireless device can be used in a mobile or fixed place.

[0307] exist Fig.26 In the wireless devices 100 and 200, various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may all be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least a part thereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected by wire, and the control unit 120 and the first unit (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part and / or module in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 may be composed of a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory 130 may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0308] Hereinafter, the implementation will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig.26 .

[0309] Examples of Handheld Devices Using the Present Disclosure

[0310] Fig. 27Handheld devices applied to the present disclosure are illustrated. The handheld device may include a smart phone, a smart board, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a notebook). The handheld device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

[0311] Reference Fig. 27 , the handheld device 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to Fig.26 Blocks 110 to 130 / 140.

[0312] The communication unit 110 may send signals (e.g., data and control signals) to other wireless devices or BSs and receive signals (e.g., data and control signals) from other wireless devices or BSs. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of the handheld device 100. The control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). The storage unit 130 may store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive the handheld device 100. The storage unit 130 may store input / output data / information. The power supply unit 140a may supply power to the handheld device 100 and include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit 140b may support the connection of the handheld device 100 with other external devices. The interface unit 140b may include various ports (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports) for connecting to external devices. The I / O unit 140c may input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data and / or information input by a user. The I / O unit 140c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 140d, a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0313] As an example, in the case of data communication, the I / O unit 140c can acquire information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video) input by the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the storage unit 130. The communication unit 110 can transform the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals, and directly send the transformed radio signals to other wireless devices or BSs. The communication unit 110 can receive radio signals from other wireless devices or BSs, and then restore the received radio signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the storage unit 130, and can be output as various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or tactile) through the I / O unit 140c.

[0314] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles using the present disclosure

[0315] Fig.28 The vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle applied to the present disclosure is illustrated. The vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle can be implemented by a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

[0316] Reference Fig.28 , the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to Fig.26 Block 110 / 130 / 140.

[0317] The communication unit 110 can send signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and receive signals from external devices such as other vehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and roadside units), and servers. The control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100. The control unit 120 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The drive unit 140a can enable the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 to travel on the road. The drive unit 140a may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 and include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c may include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d may implement a technology for maintaining a lane on which a vehicle is driving, a technology for automatically adjusting a speed such as an adaptive cruise control, a technology for autonomous driving along a determined path, a technology for driving by automatically setting a path with a destination set, and the like.

[0318] For example, the communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d can generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan from the obtained data. The control unit 120 can control the drive unit 140a so that the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 can move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). In autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 can obtain the latest traffic information data from the external server irregularly / regularly, and can obtain the surrounding traffic information data from the adjacent vehicle. In autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c can obtain the vehicle state and / or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on the newly obtained data / information. The communication unit 110 can transmit information about the vehicle position, autonomous driving path and / or driving plan to the external server. The external server can predict traffic information data based on the information collected from the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle, using AI technology, etc., and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle.

[0319] Examples of vehicles and AR / VR using the present disclosure

[0320] Fig.29The vehicle applied to the present disclosure is illustrated. The vehicle can be implemented as a transportation tool, an aircraft, a ship, etc.

[0321] Reference Fig.29 , the vehicle 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, an I / O unit 140a, and a positioning unit 140b. Herein, blocks 110 to 130 / 140a and 140b correspond to Fig.26 Blocks 110 to 130 / 140.

[0322] The communication unit 110 may send signals (e.g., data and control signals) to and receive signals from external devices such as other vehicles or BSs. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of the vehicle 100. The storage unit 130 may store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands for supporting various functions of the vehicle 100. The I / O unit 140a may output AR / VR objects based on the information in the storage unit 130. The I / O unit 140a may include a HUD. The positioning unit 140b may obtain information about the position of the vehicle 100. The position information may include information about the absolute position of the vehicle 100, information about the position of the vehicle 100 within the driving lane, acceleration information, and information about the position of the vehicle 100 relative to adjacent vehicles. The positioning unit 140b may include a GPS and various sensors.

[0323] As an example, the communication unit 110 of the vehicle 100 can receive map information and traffic information from an external server, and store the received information in the storage unit 130. The positioning unit 140b can obtain the vehicle location information through GPS and various sensors, and store the obtained information in the storage unit 130. The control unit 120 can generate a virtual object based on the map information, traffic information and vehicle location information, and the I / O unit 140a can display the generated virtual object in a window (1410 and 1420) in the vehicle. The control unit 120 can determine whether the vehicle 100 is driving normally in the driving lane based on the vehicle location information. If the vehicle 100 leaves the driving lane abnormally, the control unit 120 can display a warning on the window in the vehicle through the I / O unit 140a. In addition, the control unit 120 can broadcast a warning message about driving abnormality to neighboring vehicles through the communication unit 110. Depending on the situation, the control unit 120 can send the vehicle location information and information about driving / vehicle abnormality to relevant organizations.

[0324] Examples of XR Devices Using the Present Disclosure

[0325] Fig.30The XR device applied to the present disclosure is illustrated. The XR device can be implemented by an HMD, a HUD installed in a vehicle, a television, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc.

[0326] Reference Fig.30 , the XR device 100a may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, an I / O unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a power supply unit 140c. Herein, blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to Fig.26 Blocks 110 to 130 / 140.

[0327] The communication unit 110 may send signals (e.g., media data and control signals) to and receive signals from external devices such as other wireless devices, handheld devices, or media servers. The media data may include video, images, and sounds. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of the XR device 100a. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured to control and / or perform processes such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The storage unit 130 may store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive the XR device 100a / generate an XR object. The I / O unit 140a may obtain control information and data from the outside and output the generated XR object. The I / O unit 140a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and / or a tactile module. The sensor unit 140b may obtain the XR device status, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 140b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and / or a radar. The power supply unit 140c may supply power to the XR device 100a and include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.

[0328] For example, the storage unit 130 of the XR device 100a may include information (e.g., data) required to generate an XR object (e.g., an AR / VR / MR object). The I / O unit 140a may receive a command for manipulating the XR device 100a from a user, and the control unit 120 may drive the XR device 100a according to the user's drive command. For example, when a user desires to watch a movie or news through the XR device 100a, the control unit 120 sends content request information to another device (e.g., a handheld device 100b) or a media server through the communication unit 130. The communication unit 130 may download / stream content such as a movie or news from another device (e.g., a handheld device 100b) or a media server to the storage unit 130. The control unit 120 may control and / or perform processes such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, and metadata generation / processing for content, and generate / output an XR object based on information about the surrounding space or real objects obtained through the I / O unit 140a / sensor unit 140b.

[0329] The XR device 100a may be wirelessly connected to the handheld device 100b through the communication unit 110, and the operation of the XR device 100a may be controlled by the handheld device 100b. For example, the handheld device 100b may operate as a controller of the XR device 100a. To this end, the XR device 100a may obtain information about the 3D position of the handheld device 100b, generate and output an XR object corresponding to the handheld device 100b.

[0330] Examples of robots to which the present disclosure is applied

[0331] Fig.31 The robot applied to the present disclosure is exemplified. According to the purpose or field of use, the robot can be divided into industrial robots, medical robots, household robots, military robots, etc.

[0332] Reference Fig.31 , the robot 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, an I / O unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a drive unit 140c. Herein, blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to Fig.26 Blocks 110 to 130 / 140.

[0333] The communication unit 110 may send signals (e.g., drive information and control signals) to and receive signals from external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of the robot 100. The storage unit 130 may store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands for supporting various functions of the robot 100. The I / O unit 140a may obtain information from the outside of the robot 100 and output the information to the outside of the robot 100. The I / O unit 140a may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and / or a tactile module. The sensor unit 140b may obtain internal information, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. of the robot 100. The sensor unit 140b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyroscope sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, a radar, etc. The drive unit 140c may perform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint. In addition, the driving unit 140c may enable the robot 100 to travel or fly on a road. The driving unit 140c may include an actuator, a motor, wheels, brakes, propellers, and the like.

[0334] Examples of AI devices to which the present disclosure is applied

[0335] Fig.32 The AI ​​device applied to the present disclosure is illustrated. The AI ​​device can be implemented by a fixed device or a mobile device such as a TV, a projector, a smart phone, a PC, a notebook, a digital broadcast terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a digital signage, a robot, a vehicle, etc.

[0336] Reference Fig.32 , the AI ​​device 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, an I / O unit 140a / 140b, a learning processor unit 140c, and a sensor unit 140d. The blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to Fig.26 Blocks 110 to 130 / 140.

[0337] The communication unit 110 can use wired / wireless communication technology to / from other AI devices (e.g., Fig.23 100x, 200, or 400) or AI servers (e.g. Fig.23To this end, the communication unit 110 may send information in the storage unit 130 to the external device and send a signal received from the external device to the storage unit 130.

[0338] The control unit 120 may determine at least one feasible operation of the AI ​​device 100 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. The control unit 120 may perform an operation determined by controlling the constituent elements of the AI ​​device 100. For example, the control unit 120 may request, search, receive, or use data of the learning processor unit 140c or the storage unit 130, and control the constituent elements of the AI ​​device 100 to perform a predicted operation or an operation determined to be preferred among at least one feasible operation. The control unit 120 may collect historical information including the operation content of the AI ​​device 100 and the user's operation feedback, and store the collected information in the storage unit 130 or the learning processor unit 140c, or send the collected information to a server such as an AI server ( Fig.23 The collected historical information can be used to update the learning model.

[0339] The storage unit 130 may store data for supporting various functions of the AI ​​device 100. For example, the storage unit 130 may store data obtained from the input unit 140a, data obtained from the communication unit 110, output data of the learning processor unit 140c, and data obtained from the sensor unit 140. The storage unit 130 may store control information and / or software codes required to operate / drive the control unit 120.

[0340] The input unit 140a can obtain various types of data from the outside of the AI ​​device 100. For example, the input unit 140a can obtain learning data for model learning and input data to which the learning model will be applied. The input unit 140a may include a camera, a microphone, and / or a user input unit. The output unit 140b may generate an output related to visual, auditory, or tactile sensations. The output unit 140b may include a display unit, a speaker, and / or a tactile module. The sensing unit 140 may use various sensors to obtain at least one of the internal information of the AI ​​device 100, the surrounding environment information of the AI ​​device 100, and the user information. The sensor unit 140 may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and / or a radar.

[0341] The learning processor unit 140c can use the learning data to learn a model including an artificial neural network. The learning processor unit 140c can communicate with the AI ​​server ( Fig.23 The learning processor unit 140c may perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit 400 of FIG. 400. The learning processor unit 140c may process information received from an external device through the communication unit 110 and / or information stored in the storage unit 130. In addition, the output value of the learning processor unit 140c may be sent to an external device through the communication unit 110 and may be stored in the storage unit 130.

[0342] Industrial Applicability

[0343] The above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure are applicable to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. A method for performing operations for a first user equipment UE in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the following steps: determining that a physical layer problem occurs in communications with a base station; Starting a recovery timer for the physical layer problem; as well as Sending secondary link data to the second UE based on the secondary link resources, The first UE determines the secondary link resource based on a resource allocation mode, and whether to switch the resource allocation mode from resource allocation mode 1 to resource allocation mode 2 is determined based on a waiting time budget of the secondary link data and an expiration time of the recovery timer.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: When the recovery timer expires within the waiting time budget, the first UE skips switching from the resource allocation mode 1 to the resource allocation mode 2, and When the recovery timer expires after the waiting time budget, the resource allocation mode 1 is switched to the resource allocation mode 2.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: When the expiration time of the recovery timer is within the waiting time budget, the first UE sends a resource allocation request to the base station when the physical layer problem is recovered.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: When the recovery timer expires after the waiting time budget, If there is a buffer status report BSR triggered for the secondary link data, the first UE cancels the triggered BSR, and If there is no BSR triggered for the secondary link data, the first UE skips triggering the BSR.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: The sidelink data is received from a higher layer.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: triggering a buffer status report BSR for the secondary link data, When the expiration time of the recovery timer is within the waiting time budget, the BSR is processed as suspended or cancelled based on the physical layer problem.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The latency budget is the maximum delay time for effectively sending the secondary link data.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein: When a beam failure equal to or greater than a threshold is detected, the first UE determines that the physical layer problem has occurred in the communication with the base station.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein: When a radio link failure is detected or declared, the first UE determines that the physical layer problem has occurred in communication with the base station.

10. A first user equipment UE of a wireless communication system, the first UE comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one computer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and configured to store commands that, when executed, enable the at least one processor to perform operations, The operation includes the following steps: determining that a physical layer problem occurs in communications with a base station; Starting a recovery timer for the physical layer problem; and Sending secondary link data to the second UE based on the secondary link resources, The first UE determines the secondary link resource based on a resource allocation mode, and whether to switch the resource allocation mode from resource allocation mode 1 to resource allocation mode 2 is determined based on a waiting time budget of the secondary link data and an expiration time of the recovery timer.

11. The first UE according to claim 10, wherein: The first UE communicates with at least one of another UE, a UE associated with an autonomous vehicle, a base station, or a network.

12. A processor for a first user equipment UE to perform an operation in a wireless communication system, the processor being composed of a dedicated integrated circuit, a digital signal processor, a digital signal processing device, a programmable logic device or a field programmable gate array, the operation comprising the following steps: determining that a physical layer problem occurs in communications with a base station; Starting a recovery timer for the physical layer problem; as well as Sending secondary link data to the second UE based on the secondary link resources, The first UE determines the secondary link resource based on a resource allocation mode, and whether to switch the resource allocation mode from resource allocation mode 1 to resource allocation mode 2 is determined based on a waiting time budget of the secondary link data and an expiration time of the recovery timer.

13. A computer-readable recording medium for storing at least one computer program, the at least one computer program comprising commands for allowing the at least one processor to perform operations for a first user equipment (UE) when executed by the at least one processor, the operations comprising the following steps: determining that a physical layer problem occurs in communications with a base station; Starting a recovery timer for the physical layer problem; as well as Sending secondary link data to the second UE based on the secondary link resources, The first UE determines the secondary link resource based on a resource allocation mode, and whether to switch the resource allocation mode from resource allocation mode 1 to resource allocation mode 2 is determined based on a waiting time budget of the secondary link data and an expiration time of the recovery timer.

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