A machining process for a workpiece

Abstract

The application relates to the field of machining processes, in particular to a machining process of a workpiece, which comprises the following steps: step one, drilling a first centering hole on the end face of a blank, and drilling a second centering hole on the end face of the blank; step two, expanding the first centering hole and the second centering hole to form the inner wall of the tail part of the workpiece; step three, drilling a forming hole on the end face of the blank where the first centering hole is drilled to form the inner wall of the end part of the workpiece; and step four, turning the outer circle, that is, turning the outer wall of the workpiece on the blank, and during the turning process, a shaping piece is arranged in the forming hole and the second centering hole, and the side wall of the shaping piece is attached to the inner wall of the workpiece. The application has the effect of improving the machining precision of the workpiece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machining processes, and in particular to a machining process for a workpiece. Background Technology

[0002] Reference Figure 1 This is a workpiece with an approximately V-shaped cross-section, a component of military supplies. It has an overall inverted frustum shape and requires extremely high machining precision, necessitating strict control and inspection of its dimensions and surface roughness. Typically, roughing and finishing are performed using a tapered drill to machine the inner wall of the workpiece. Then, external turning and other operations are performed to complete the production of the workpiece.

[0003] However, the workpiece has a very thin wall, making it very easy for it to deform during processing. This results in dimensional and surface roughness errors, leading to a high defect rate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to improve the machining accuracy of workpieces, this application provides a workpiece machining process.

[0005] This application provides a workpiece processing technology, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A machining process for a workpiece, wherein the end with the smaller diameter is the end portion and the end with the larger diameter is the tail portion, includes the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Drill a first centering hole on the end face of the blank, and drill a second centering hole on the end face of the blank. The first centering hole and the second centering hole are coaxial.

[0008] Step 2: Expand the first and second centering holes, remove excess waste material from the tail of the workpiece, and form the inner wall of the tail of the workpiece.

[0009] Step 3: Drill a forming hole on the end face of the blank where the first centering hole is drilled, forming the inner wall of the end of the workpiece. The forming hole is coaxial with the first centering hole.

[0010] Step 4: Turn the outer circle. The outer wall of the workpiece is machined on the blank. During the machining process, a shaping part is set in the forming hole and the second centering hole. The side wall of the shaping part is in contact with the inner wall of the workpiece.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the first centering hole and the second centering hole facilitate the positioning of the tool on the blank, improve the positioning accuracy of the tool, and cool the blank and the tool while cutting, reduce the heat concentration on the tool and the blank, improve the cutting accuracy of the tool, and improve the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0012] In a specific feasible implementation, in step one, the first centering hole is drilled first with a centering drill, and then the second centering hole is drilled with a twist drill.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, a second centering hole is drilled based on the first centering hole, which facilitates the positioning of the twist drill, improves the positioning accuracy of the twist drill on the blank, improves the machining accuracy of the second centering hole, and improves the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0014] In one specific feasible implementation, in step one, the first centering hole and the second centering hole are drilled simultaneously using a step drill.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the first and second centering holes are formed simultaneously using a single step drill, reducing the use of cutting tools, reducing the error caused by tool setting after tool replacement, and improving the machining accuracy of the cutting tools.

[0016] In one specific implementation, the step drill has a first water outlet hole through which coolant is sprayed onto the machining surface of the step drill.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the coolant is directly sprayed onto the cutting surface of the step drill and the blank, improving the spraying accuracy of the coolant. This allows the coolant to cool the step drill and the blank more comprehensively and accurately, making it easier to control the temperature of the blank and the step drill during the machining process and improving the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0018] In one specific feasible implementation, in step two, a reamer is used to ream the first centering hole and the second centering hole;

[0019] In step three, a forming drill is used to drill and form the inner wall of the workpiece.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the enlarged hole facilitates the insertion of the forming drill into the blank for positioning and cutting, while removing excess waste material on the inner wall of the workpiece tail, thereby improving the workpiece processing efficiency.

[0021] In a specific feasible implementation, steps two and three are performed simultaneously using a taper drill or a milling cutter.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solutions, the use of cutting tools is reduced, the number of tool changes during workpiece machining is reduced, the errors generated during tool setting are reduced, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece is improved.

[0023] In one specific implementation, the taper drill or milling cutter has a second water outlet hole through which coolant is sprayed onto the cutting surface of the taper drill or milling cutter.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, while the tool is cutting the blank, the tool and the blank are subjected to more precise water cooling, which improves the cooling effect on the blank and the tool, facilitates the control of the temperature of the blank and the tool during the processing, and improves the processing accuracy of the workpiece.

[0025] In one specific feasible implementation, in step four, the shaping part is a wear-resistant nylon part, and the shaping part is provided with cooling water channels.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, when turning the outer diameter of the blank, the shaping component bears the pressure of the tool on the blank, preventing the blank from deforming and improving the machining accuracy of the workpiece. The cooling water channel cools the shaping component, which in turn cools the workpiece, reducing heat accumulation on the workpiece surface and improving the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0027] In one specific feasible implementation, in step three, after drilling the inner wall of the workpiece, a reamer is used to reshape the inner wall of the workpiece.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solutions, the dimensional accuracy and roughness of the inner wall of the workpiece are improved, and the inner wall of the workpiece is smoother.

[0029] In one specific implementation scheme, in step three, after drilling the inner wall of the workpiece, a boring tool is used to shape the inner wall of the workpiece. The boring tool is a single-crystal diamond tool.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solutions, boring tools have a smaller cutting area compared to drills and milling cutters. Single-crystal diamonds can reduce the friction coefficient between the boring tool and the workpiece, improve the cutting effect of the boring tool on the workpiece, and make the inner wall of the workpiece smoother.

[0031] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0032] 1. The first and second centering holes facilitate tool positioning on the workpiece, improve tool positioning accuracy, and cool the workpiece and tool during cutting, reducing heat concentration on the tool and workpiece, thereby improving tool cutting accuracy and workpiece machining accuracy.

[0033] 2. By using a step drill to simultaneously form the first centering hole and the second centering hole, the process of changing the tool to drill the second centering hole after completing the first centering hole is eliminated, thus improving the machining accuracy of the workpiece. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the workpiece.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a sectional view that shows the internal structure of the workpiece.

[0036] Figure 3This is a flowchart illustrating the blank cutting process in Example 1.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a sectional view showing the structure of the standard part.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the blank cutting process in Example 2.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Blank; 2. First centering hole; 3. Second centering hole; 4. Forming hole; 5. Shaping part. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 This application will be described in further detail.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is a workpiece with an approximately V-shaped cross section, made of copper, and has an overall inverted frustum shape. The end with the smaller outer diameter is the end, and the end with the larger outer diameter is the tail.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] Reference Figure 3 The workpiece processing technology includes the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Clamp the copper blank 1 on the fixture of the machining center. Drill the first centering hole 2 on the end face of the blank 1 using a centering drill, and then drill the second centering hole 3 using a twist drill. The first centering hole 2 and the second centering hole 3 are coaxial. (The grid-filled part in the figure represents the cutting part, and the dotted line represents the part of the final formed workpiece). The twist drill drills the second centering hole 3 based on the first centering hole 2 to facilitate the positioning of the twist drill on the blank 1 and improve the positioning accuracy of the twist drill on the blank 1.

[0045] Both the twist drill and the centering drill have through holes for coolant to pass through. This facilitates cooling of the workpiece 1 and the cutting surfaces of the drill and centering drill during drilling, reducing heat accumulation on the workpiece 1 and improving machining accuracy. Furthermore, the coolant can act directly on the cutting area, improving the spray precision and cooling effect. This enhances the cooling efficiency for both the workpiece 1 and the drill bit while also conserving coolant.

[0046] Step 2: Use a reamer to enlarge the first centering hole 2 and the second centering hole 3, cutting away excess waste material on the inner wall of the workpiece tail to initially shape the inner wall of the workpiece tail. The reamer has a through hole for coolant to pass through, facilitating cooling of the reamer's cutting surface and the workpiece 1 during the reaming process, reducing heat accumulation on the workpiece 1 during machining, and improving the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0047] Step 3: Using a forming drill, drill towards the end of the workpiece within the first centering hole 2 to create a forming hole 4, thus forming the inner wall of the workpiece end. This completes the drilling of the entire inner wall of the workpiece, in other words, the preliminary machining of the workpiece's inner wall is finished. The forming drill has a through hole for coolant to pass through, facilitating cooling of the cutting surface of the forming drill and the blank 1 during the drilling process. This reduces heat accumulation on the blank 1 during machining and improves the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0048] After the initial machining of the workpiece's inner wall, a reamer or a single-crystal diamond boring tool is used to reshape the inner wall, improving its machining accuracy and surface roughness, thus completing the final machining of the inner wall. The reamer and boring tool have a smaller contact area with the blank 1, meaning a smaller cutting area, resulting in less frictional resistance during cutting. Combined with the high rotational speed of the workpiece during reshaping, this further improves the roughness of the inner wall, making it smoother. Furthermore, compared to ordinary boring tools, the single-crystal diamond boring tool has a lower coefficient of friction with the blank 1, further reducing the frictional resistance experienced by the blank 1 during cutting and further improving the roughness of the inner wall.

[0049] Reference Figure 4 Step four: Clamp the shaping part 5 on the machining center and insert it into the blank 1. The side wall of the shaping part 5 fits against the inner wall of the workpiece. The shaping part 5 is made of wear-resistant nylon. Cooling water channels run through the shaping part 5, extending in a serpentine pattern along the conical surface of the shaping part 5. Coolant enters the shaping part 5 from one end of the cooling water channel, flows around the shaping part 5, and then exits from the other end of the cooling water channel.

[0050] Using a single-crystal diamond turning tool, the outer diameter of blank 1 is turned to form the outer wall of the workpiece. During the turning process, coolant is continuously circulated into the shaping part 5 to facilitate cooling of blank 1, reduce heat accumulation on the surface of blank 1, and improve the machining accuracy of the workpiece. At the same time, coolant is sprayed onto the turning tool to cool it, reduce temperature accumulation on the tool surface, improve the cutting performance of the tool, and improve the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0051] Example 2:

[0052] Reference Figure 5 The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that in step one, the first centering hole 2 and the second centering hole 3 are drilled simultaneously using a step drill. The step drill has a first water outlet hole through which coolant cools the cutting surface of the step drill and the blank 1, reducing heat accumulation on the blank 1 and improving the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0053] Furthermore, the first centering hole 2 and the second centering hole 3 are formed simultaneously using stepped drilling, which reduces the need for tool replacement in the machining center, reduces the tool setting process and tool setting positioning errors, and further improves the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0054] In steps two and three, a tapered drill or milling cutter is used to cut the forming hole 4 and remove excess waste material from the inner wall of the workpiece tail. This eliminates the need for repeated tool changes, reduces tool positioning errors during tool changes, and further improves the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0055] The taper drill or milling cutter has a second water outlet hole. Coolant is sprayed through the second water outlet hole onto the blank 1 and the cutting surface of the taper drill or milling cutter to cool the tool and blank 1, reduce heat accumulation on the blank 1, and improve the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0056] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A processing technology for a workpiece, characterized in that: The workpiece has an approximately V-shaped cross-section and is generally shaped like an inverted frustum. The end with the smaller diameter is the end portion, and the end with the larger diameter is the tail portion. The process includes the following steps: Step 1: Drill a first centering hole (2) on the end face of the blank (1) and a second centering hole (3) on the end face of the blank (1). The first centering hole (2) and the second centering hole (3) are coaxial. The first centering hole (2) and the second centering hole (3) are drilled simultaneously using a step drill. Step 2: Expand the first centering hole (2) and the second centering hole (3) to remove excess waste material from the tail of the workpiece and form the inner wall of the tail of the workpiece. Step 3: Drill a tapered forming hole (4) on the end face of the blank (1) where the first centering hole (2) is drilled to form the inner wall of the end of the workpiece. The forming hole (4) is coaxial with the first centering hole (2). After drilling the inner wall of the workpiece, use a reamer or a single crystal diamond boring tool to modify the inner wall of the workpiece. During modification, the workpiece rotates at a high speed to improve the roughness and smoothness of the inner wall of the workpiece. Step 4: Turn the outer diameter. Turn the outer wall of the workpiece on the blank (1). During the turning process, a shaping part (5) is set in the forming hole (4) and the second centering hole (3). The side wall of the shaping part (5) fits against the inner wall of the workpiece. When turning the outer diameter of the blank (1), the shaping part (5) bears the pressure of the tool on the blank (1) and prevents the blank (1) from deforming. The shaping part (5) is provided with a cooling water channel. The cooling water channel is adjacent to the outer wall surface of the shaping part (5) and extends along the conical direction of the shaping part (5). The coolant enters the shaping part (5) from one end of the cooling water channel, flows around the shaping part (5) and is discharged from the other end of the cooling water channel. The inlet end and outlet end of the cooling water channel are both located on the same end face of the shaping part (5).

2. The processing technology of the workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stepped drill has a first water outlet hole through which coolant is sprayed onto the machining surface of the stepped drill.

3. The processing technology of the workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, a reamer is used to ream the first centering hole (2) and the second centering hole (3); In step three, a forming drill is used to drill and form the inner wall of the workpiece.

4. The processing technology of the workpiece according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step four, the shaping part (5) is a wear-resistant nylon part.

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