Wireless medical imaging system comprising a head unit and a light cable comprising integrated light sources

Abstract

A wireless medical imaging system is provided that includes a head unit and an optical cable. The head unit includes a head unit housing, a head unit electrical connector, an image sensor, a wireless transceiver, a central processing unit, and a user input component. The optical cable includes an optical cable electrical connector, a power cable, and an integrated light source. The integrated light source includes a source of radiant radiation having a first optical spectrum, an optical element positioned to direct radiation from the source of radiant radiation, a volumetric spectral converter, an optical reflector positioned around the converter, and an output filter. The converter converts the radiation directed from the source of radiant radiation to radiation having a second optical spectrum different from the first optical spectrum. The reflector reflects the converter radiation toward the output filter. The integrated light source transmits light from the optical cable through the output filter.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 459,306, filed February 15, 2017, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. This is a divisional application, with parent application number 201880025257.9, filed February 14, 2018, entitled "Wireless Medical Imaging System Including Head Unit and Optical Cable Containing Integrated Light Source". Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates to medical imaging systems, and more particularly, to wireless medical imaging systems, comprising: (a) a head unit including: (i) a head unit housing; (ii) a head unit electrical connector; (iii) an image sensor; (iv) a wireless transceiver; (v) a central processing unit; and (vi) a user input component; and (b) an optical fiber including: (i) an optical fiber electrical connector; (ii) a power cable; and (iii) an integrated light source, wherein the integrated light source includes: (1) a radiation source having a first spectrum; (2) an optical element positioned to guide radiation from the radiation source; (3) a volumetric spectral converter positioned to convert the radiation guided from the radiation source into radiation having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum; (4) an optical reflector located around the converter; and (5) an output filter, the reflector positioned to reflect the radiation from the converter toward the output filter, and the integrated light source being configured to transmit light from the optical fiber through the output filter for use, for example, in endoscopes, arthroscopy, and other surgical optical imaging instruments and systems. Background Technology

[0004] Endoscopic surgery involves using sophisticated optical instrument systems within a minimally invasive surgical procedure to visualize the interior of hollow organs or cavities inside a patient's body, such as inside joints, the airway, and the epidural space. Endoscopic procedures are performed for a variety of reasons, including diagnostic examinations, cauterization, reconstruction, and ligament repair. These procedures can be performed in hospitals, surgical centers, outpatient clinics, or physician offices, and are now being used in diagnostic field work, including by the military.

[0005] Endoscopic surgery was first developed in the early 19th century and progressed steadily but slowly over time. The earliest procedures involved the use of a small tube and lens inserted into the patient's body—a simple endoscope—through which the physician observed the patient while using candlelight illumination. While these early procedures were revolutionary and significantly expanded our medical understanding of the human body, they were fraught with complexity and technical limitations.

[0006] From the very beginning of endoscopic surgery, the need for lighting has always been a significant challenge. Starting with candles, light sources presented numerous difficulties related to ease of use, fire risk, and low light output. With technological advancements, better light sources were introduced, beginning with the most basic electric lamp. While industry has progressed to modern lighting methods such as xenon lamps and LEDs, these challenges remain.

[0007] Another major challenge of endoscopic procedures is how surgeons visualize the process. Early endoscopes were handheld, requiring surgeons to have a direct line of sight along the length of the endoscope. While this allowed surgeons to clearly see the surgical site, it meant they needed to maintain very precise positioning to use the endoscope. Furthermore, the need to maintain a field of vision through the endoscope made it difficult for surgeons to use other tools required for effective or complex procedures, as they had to manipulate them without being able to see where they were. However, like the light source, the technologies associated with the use of endoscopes have been constantly improving, including advances in optical science and the adoption of new manufacturing techniques such as fiber optics and precision rod lenses. More recently, the emergence of inexpensive and precise image camera sensors has again dramatically changed how endoscopic procedures are performed. The use of digital cameras and external displays allows surgeons to use the endoscope without having to look directly through the lens, but more importantly, these developments provide greater control and flexibility when performing minimally invasive procedures.

[0008] The most advanced endoscopic surgical equipment systems today are based on the integration of a series of technological improvements developed over many years. These systems include a camera unit connected to the endoscope, electrically powered surgical instruments such as razors or ablation devices, and an endoscope cart supporting multiple intelligent devices, including, for example, a light source unit, a camera control unit, a color printer, a patient data management device, a surgical instrument control system, a fluid management system and pumps, multiple power sources, a digital monitor, and several cables for power and data transmission. There are also at least two main cables connecting the endoscope cart to the camera unit and the endoscope: one cable transmits light from the light source to the endoscope via an external fiber optic cable path, and the other cable transmits power and data signals to and from the camera unit.

[0009] Modern endoscopic surgical procedures are often perceived as quick and simple, but in reality, they require a significant amount of preoperative time to set up the necessary equipment and involve numerous wires and cables that often cover the patient and can obstruct the surgeon and their assistants. Furthermore, while state-of-the-art LED-based systems are more efficient than older xenon illumination systems that may use over 1000 watts, these newer light sources are still power-intensive, requiring 300 watts or more, much of which is wasted as heat or lost through light leakage from external fiber optic cables. Moreover, wasted heat frequently becomes a source of operating room fires if cables are improperly covered on the patient or if the heated endoscope comes into contact with flammable materials.

[0010] Therefore, there is a need for wireless medical imaging systems that address issues of energy efficiency, availability, versatility, and security. Summary of the Invention

[0011] A wireless medical imaging system is provided. The wireless medical imaging system includes (a) a head unit, the head unit comprising: (i) a head unit housing; (ii) a head unit electrical connector; (iii) an image sensor; (iv) a wireless transceiver; (v) a central processing unit; and (vi) a user input component. The wireless medical imaging system also includes (b) an optical fiber cable, the optical fiber cable comprising: (i) an optical fiber electrical connector; (ii) a power cable; and (iii) an integrated light source. The head unit housing has an outer surface defining an external cavity, an inner surface defining an internal cavity, a first aperture, and a second aperture. The head unit electrical connector is configured to be operatively connected to the optical fiber electrical connector through the first aperture. The optical fiber electrical connector, the power cable, and the integrated light source are operatively connected in series. The integrated light source includes: (1) a radiation source having a first spectrum; (2) an optical element positioned to guide radiation from the radiation source; (3) a volumetric spectral converter positioned to convert the radiation guided from the radiation source into radiation having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum; (4) an optical reflector located around the converter; and (5) an output filter, the reflector positioned to reflect the radiation from the converter toward the output filter, and the integrated light source is configured to transmit light from an optical fiber through the output filter. An image sensor, a wireless transceiver, and a central processing unit are disposed within an internal cavity. The image sensor is configured to detect an image transmitted to the head unit through a second aperture. An external cavity is configured to receive an external battery. User input components are disposed on the outer surface.

[0012] In some examples, the integrated light source includes a solid-state source capable of generating continuous-spectrum light; and / or the output of the integrated light source has a nominal spectral bandwidth of 480 nm to 775 nm. Also in some examples, the radiation source operates in the range of 400 nm to 480 nm. Also in some examples, optical elements can collimate, converge, or diverge the radiation from the radiation source onto a transducer. Also in some examples, optical reflectors redirect omnidirectional light into the desired optical path. Also in some examples, the transducer converts radiation from the radiation source into different wavelengths, narrower or wider spectra of incoherent radiation. Also in some examples, filters eliminate radiation from the radiation source that has not been converted by the transducer, and optionally further modulate the emitted light. Also in some examples, the radiation geometry of the emitted radiation spectrum from the integrated light source can be further adjusted, guided, focused, collimated, reflected, refracted, diffracted, or otherwise modified by incorporating suitable optical components.

[0013] In some examples, the integrated light source is configured to provide illumination to a region of interest by connecting an optical cable to a medical imaging mirror, such that light is transmitted from the integrated light source into the medical imaging mirror and reaches the region of interest. In some embodiments of these examples, the optical cable also includes a protective housing surrounding the integrated light source and having an opening, and the integrated light source is configured to transmit light from the optical cable through the opening. Also in some embodiments of these examples, the optical cable includes an adapter configured to connect the optical cable to the medical imaging mirror. Also in some embodiments of these examples, the adapter is built into the protective housing to allow for an integrated design. Also in some embodiments of these examples, the adapter is further configured to allow rotation of both the adapter and the optical cable relative to the medical imaging mirror while the optical cable is connected to the medical imaging mirror.

[0014] In some examples, the optical cable also includes a flexible sheath surrounding the power cable. In other examples, the optical cable does not include an optical fiber cable. Also in some examples, the image sensor includes a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip, a scientific complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (sCMOS) chip, a charge-coupled device (CCD) chip, or a combination thereof.

[0015] In some examples, the head unit's wireless transceiver is configured to transmit image sensor data, along with command and control signals, to and receive image sensor data, along with command and control signals, from the remote receiver unit's wireless transceiver. Also in some examples, the head unit is configured to establish a connection between its wireless transceiver and the remote receiver unit's wireless transceiver when the head unit and the remote receiver unit are positioned at a distance of up to 30 meters from each other. Also in some examples, the head unit's wireless transceiver can use an ultra-wideband (UWB) communication mode. And also in some examples, the head unit's wireless transceiver is configured to transmit data from the image sensor, along with command and control signals, to an external system for the management of the medical imaging system without requiring reprogramming or redesign.

[0016] In some examples, the central processing unit manages at least one of an integrated light source, an image sensor, or a wireless transceiver. Also in some examples, the head unit includes a coprocessor that assists the image sensor in converting images for the central processing unit. Also in some examples, the user input component includes buttons configured to control the functions of the image sensor. Also in some examples, the second aperture includes a second aperture connector configured to connect a medical imaging mirror to the head unit housing.

[0017] In some examples, the head unit housing has a diameter of 300 to 800 cm. 3 The volume is also considered. In some examples, the head unit electrical connector and image sensor are positioned within a range of 1 to 6 cm apart. In some examples, the head unit does not include a heat sink within its internal cavity. In some examples, the head unit also includes a window disposed within a second aperture and configured to allow an image to pass through it.

[0018] In some examples, the wireless medical imaging system also includes an external battery disposed within an external cavity and providing power to one or more of the integrated light source, image sensor, wireless transceiver, or central processing unit. In some embodiments of these examples, the external battery is a removable rechargeable battery. In some of these embodiments, the wireless medical imaging system also includes a removable housing for the removable rechargeable battery, the removable housing including the removable rechargeable battery, and the external cavity is configured to receive the removable rechargeable battery by latching the removable housing into the external cavity. Also in some of these embodiments, the removable housing includes a battery management system. Also in some of these embodiments, the battery management system is configured to (a) regulate the power output of the removable rechargeable battery, (b) report the charge level of the removable rechargeable battery, and (c) prevent failure. Also in some embodiments of these examples, the external battery is a non-removable rechargeable battery. Also in some embodiments of these examples, the external battery has a high capacity and can provide sufficient power to operate the integrated light source, image sensor, and wireless transceiver. In some of these embodiments, the external battery has a capacity exceeding 3,000 mAh. Also in some embodiments of these examples, the head unit further includes a power management system configured to control the power supplied by an external battery and distribute that power to one or more of an integrated light source, image sensor, wireless transceiver, or central processing unit.

[0019] In some examples, the wireless medical imaging system also includes a remote receiver unit. According to these examples, the remote receiver unit includes: (i) a receiver unit housing; (ii) a wireless transceiver; (iii) a central processing unit; and (iv) a communication interface. Furthermore, the receiver unit housing has an internal cavity containing the wireless transceiver of the remote receiver unit, the central processing unit of the remote receiver unit, and the communication interface. In some embodiments of these examples, the wireless transceiver of the remote receiver unit is configured to transmit image sensor data, as well as command and control signals, to and from the wireless transceiver of the head unit. Also in some embodiments of these examples, the central processing unit of the remote receiver unit manages one or more of the wireless transceiver or communication interface of the remote receiver unit and can perform data processing for it. Also in some embodiments of these examples, the communication interface is configured to communicate with various types of external camera management systems without requiring reprogramming or redesign.

[0020] In some examples, the head unit also includes an internal rechargeable battery. According to these examples, the internal cavity also contains an internal rechargeable battery. In some embodiments of these examples, the internal rechargeable battery is configured to function as a secondary battery system when the external battery stops providing power or is disconnected. Also in some embodiments of these examples, the head unit includes a battery management system configured to manage the internal rechargeable battery. In some of these embodiments, the head unit's internal rechargeable battery and battery management system allow the integrated light source, image sensor, wireless transceiver, and central processing unit to switch to a low-power mode to conserve power. Also in some embodiments of these examples, the internal rechargeable battery can be charged to its capacity from an external battery. Also in some examples of these embodiments, the internal rechargeable battery is configured to be controlled externally by a separate power or battery management system depending on the presence of an external battery. Also in some embodiments of these examples, the internal rechargeable battery is sufficient to provide power for the operation of the wireless medical imaging system. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Referring now to the accompanying drawings, where the same reference numerals always represent corresponding parts:

[0022] Figure 1 An exemplary wireless medical imaging system disclosed herein is illustrated in perspective. In this example, the system includes a head unit, an optical cable, a removable housing including a removable rechargeable battery, and a remote receiver unit, wherein the removable housing including the removable rechargeable battery is attached to the head unit, the head unit is attached to a medical imaging endoscope corresponding to an endoscope, and the remote receiver unit is attached to a state-of-the-art endoscope system.

[0023] Figure 2 An exploded perspective view shows the head unit and the removable housing, which includes... Figure 1 The wireless medical imaging system features a removable, rechargeable battery.

[0024] Figure 3 Previous view showed Figure 1 The head unit of an exemplary wireless medical imaging system;

[0025] Figure 4 The following view shows Figure 3 The head unit;

[0026] Figure 5 Shown in side view Figure 3 The head unit;

[0027] Figure 6 Shown in sectional view Figure 3 An embodiment of the header unit;

[0028] Figure 7 Shown in sectional view Figure 3 Another embodiment of the head unit, wherein the head unit further includes an internal rechargeable battery;

[0029] Figure 8 Shown in perspective Figure 1 An exemplary wireless medical imaging system includes an optical cable and transmitted light (L);

[0030] Figure 9 The previous view showed the head unit, optical cable, and included components. Figure 1 A removable housing for a removable rechargeable battery in an exemplary wireless medical imaging system, including the removable housing for the removable rechargeable battery being attached to a head unit, and the head unit being attached to a medical imaging mirror corresponding to an endoscope.

[0031] Figure 10 The head unit, optical cable, and components are shown in a cross-sectional view. Figure 9 A removable housing of a removable rechargeable battery for an exemplary wireless medical imaging system, wherein the head unit also includes an internal rechargeable battery, the removable housing including the removable rechargeable battery is attached to the head unit, and the head unit is attached to a medical imaging mirror corresponding to an endoscope (the endoscope is only partially shown).

[0032] Figure 11 Shown in sectional view Figure 9 Optical cables and the transmitted light (L);

[0033] Figure 12 Previous views showed including Figure 1 A removable housing for a removable rechargeable battery in an exemplary wireless medical imaging system;

[0034] Figure 13 The side view shows the contents including Figure 12 A removable housing for the removable rechargeable battery;

[0035] Figure 14 The sectional view shows the contents including Figure 12 An embodiment of a removable housing for a removable rechargeable battery;

[0036] Figure 15 The head unit and including [other components] are shown in a side view. Figure 1 A removable housing for a removable rechargeable battery, including a removable housing for a removable rechargeable battery attached to a head unit;

[0037] Figure 16 Shown in sectional view Figure 3 An embodiment of the head unit, wherein the head unit further includes an internal rechargeable battery, and includes Figure 12 The removable housing of the removable rechargeable battery is attached to the head unit;

[0038] Figure 17 A side view shows the head unit and non-removable rechargeable battery of the exemplary wireless medical imaging system disclosed herein, wherein the non-removable rechargeable battery is attached to the head unit.

[0039] Figure 18 Previous view showed Figure 1 A remote receiver unit of an exemplary wireless medical imaging system;

[0040] Figure 19 The following view shows Figure 18 The remote receiver unit;

[0041] Figure 20 Shown in side view Figure 18 The remote receiver unit;

[0042] Figure 21 Shown in sectional view Figure 19 The remote receiver unit;

[0043] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the basic solid-state integrated light source disclosed in this article;

[0044] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of another integrated light source disclosed in this article, which uses multiple components to enhance the efficiency and safety of the light source;

[0045] Figure 24 Is using Figure 23 A schematic diagram of the integrated light source is shown, illustrating the possible beam paths of light in the system;

[0046] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the phosphor coating converter;

[0047] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of an example volumetric spectral converter based on one aspect of the integrated light source disclosed herein; and

[0048] Figure 27 This is a graph comparing the exemplary spectra (Y-axis: intensity; x-axis: wavelength (nm)) of a state-of-the-art 3-LED system (dashed line) and the integrated light source disclosed herein (solid line). Detailed Implementation

[0049] The following description illustrates various embodiments of the wireless medical imaging system. It should be understood that other embodiments can be used and structural changes can be made without departing from the scope of the wireless medical imaging system. Furthermore, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, the wireless medical imaging system is not limited to specific materials, dimensions, manufacturing processes, etc., as these can vary.

[0050] like Figure 1-21 and Figure 23 As shown, a wireless medical imaging system 31 is disclosed. Figure 1-6 As shown, the wireless medical imaging system 31 includes (a) a head unit 32, which includes: (i) a head unit housing 33; (ii) a head unit electrical connector 34; (iii) an image sensor 35; (iv) a wireless transceiver 36; (v) a central processing unit 37; and (vi) a user input component 38. Figure 1 and Figure 8-11 As shown, the wireless medical imaging system 31 also includes (b) an optical cable 39, which includes: (i) an optical cable connector 40; (ii) a power cable 41; and (iii) an integrated light source 42. Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the head unit housing 33 has an outer surface 43 defining an outer cavity 44, an inner surface 45 defining an inner cavity 46, a first opening 47, and a second opening 48. Figure 10 As shown, the head unit electrical connector 34 is configured to be operatively connected to the optical fiber electrical connector 40 via a first aperture 47. The optical fiber electrical connector 40, the power cable 41, and the integrated light source 42 are operatively connected in series. Figure 11 and Figure 23 As shown, the integrated light source 42 includes: (1) a radiation source 202 having a first spectrum; (2) an optical element 204 positioned to guide radiation from the radiation source 202; (3) a volumetric spectrum converter 205 positioned to convert the radiation guided from the radiation source 202 into radiation having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum; (4) an optical reflector 206 located around the converter 205; and (5) an output filter 207, the reflector 206 positioned to reflect the radiation from the converter 205 toward the output filter 207, and the integrated light source 42 is configured to transmit light from the optical cable 39 through the output filter 207. Figure 6 As shown, the image sensor 35, wireless transceiver 36, and central processing unit 37 are disposed within the internal cavity 46. The image sensor 35 is configured to detect images transmitted to the head unit 32 through the second aperture 48. Figure 10 As shown, the external cavity 44 is configured to receive an external battery 49. A user input component 38 is disposed on the outer surface 43.

[0051] like Figure 1 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the wireless medical imaging system 31 can operate as follows. Based on the operational connection between the head unit electrical connector 34 and the optical fiber electrical connector 40, the head unit 32 and the optical fiber 39 can be connected. The optical fiber 39 can be connected to a medical imaging mirror 50, such as an endoscope, arthroscopy, or another medical imaging mirror. The medical imaging mirror 50 can also be connected to the head unit 32, for example, at the second aperture 48 of the head unit 32. The head unit 32 can supply power from a battery (e.g., an external battery and / or an internal battery) to the integrated light source 42 via the head unit electrical connector 34, the optical fiber electrical connector 40, and the power cable 41. The integrated light source 42 can provide illumination to a region of interest (e.g., a surgical site in a human or animal patient), such that light is transmitted from the integrated light source 42 to the medical imaging mirror 50, reaching the region of interest. The image sensor 35 can then detect the image transmitted to the head unit 32 through the second aperture 48. Figure 1 , Figure 10 and Figure 21 As shown, the wireless transceiver 36 of the head unit 32 can, for example, transmit to and receive from the wireless transceiver 51 of the remote receiver unit 52 image sensor data, as well as command and control signals. The user input component 38 can be used to control the integrated light source 42 and / or the image sensor 35.

[0052] First refer to Figure 10 Considering head unit 32, as described, the wireless medical imaging system 31 includes (a) head unit 32, which includes: (i) head unit housing 33; (ii) head unit electrical connector 34; (iii) image sensor 35; (iv) wireless transceiver 36; (v) central processing unit 37; and (vi) user input component 38.

[0053] The head unit housing 33 can be manufactured using molding, casting, and / or 3D printing, among other techniques. The head unit housing 33 can be made of materials such as plastic, stainless steel, and / or titanium. The head unit housing 33 can serve as a enclosure for the image sensor 35, the wireless transceiver 36, and the central processing unit 37, providing protection, for example, during use (e.g., during surgery) and during cleaning (e.g., during sterilization). The head unit housing 33 can also serve as a structure on which an external battery 49 can be received, providing a location for attachment, support, and / or quick replacement of the external battery 49, for example, during use (e.g., during surgery).

[0054] The head unit electrical connector 34 can be a standard electrical connector, such as the plug or socket component of a plug and socket connector, or a custom electrical connector, among other types. The head unit electrical connector 34 can be operatively connected to a battery, such as an external battery and / or an internal battery. The head unit electrical connector 34 can also be operatively connected to the light source driver 53, as discussed below. Suitable head unit electrical connectors 34 include, for example, pin-to-socket connectors, precision hermetic coupling connectors, Mill-Max connectors, single-pin + sheath connectors, MT connection connectors, feedthrough pin connectors, sleeve connectors, spring-loaded (spring-loaded) connectors, and contact connectors.

[0055] Refer again Figure 10 Turning to fiber optic cable 39, as described, the wireless medical imaging system 31 also includes fiber optic cable 39, which comprises: (i) a fiber optic electrical connector 40; (ii) a power cable 41; and (iii) an integrated light source 42. Fiber optic cable 39 can be customized from standard electrical connectors and power cables from various manufacturers, along with a custom integrated light source 42 as described below. Fiber optic cable 39 can also be modified to have various enhancements, such as increased durability, ease of sterilization, etc.

[0056] The optical fiber connector 40, the power cable 41, and the integrated light source 42 are operably connected in series. Therefore, the optical fiber 39 can supply power to the integrated light source 42 through the optical fiber connector 40 and the power cable 41.

[0057] The fiber optic connector 40 can be a standard electrical connector, such as the plug or socket component of a plug and socket connector, or a custom electrical connector, among other types. As described, the head unit electrical connector 34 is configured to be operatively connected to the fiber optic connector 40 via a first aperture 47. This operative connection can create a circuit connecting the integrated light source 42 of the fiber optic cable 39 to a battery (e.g., an external battery and / or an internal battery). The operative connection can be direct, for example, based on a pair of mating electrical connectors (e.g., a plug and socket connector pair) of head unit electrical connector 34 and fiber optic connector 40. The operative connection can also be indirect, for example, based on using an adapter to connect the head unit electrical connector 34 and fiber optic connector 40. The operative connection via the first aperture 47 can be achieved, for example, by having the head unit electrical connector 34 disposed within the internal cavity 46 of the head unit 32, and the fiber optic connector 40 inserted through the first aperture 47, such that the connection between the head unit electrical connector 34 and the fiber optic connector 40 occurs within the internal cavity 46 of the head unit 32. The operable connection via the first aperture 47 can also be implemented, for example, by having the head unit electrical connector 34 disposed on the outer surface 43 of the head unit 32, and the head unit electrical connector 34 operably connected to a battery (e.g., an external or internal battery) via the first aperture 47, such that the connection between the head unit electrical connector 34 and the optical fiber electrical connector 40 occurs outside the head unit 32. The operable connection via the first aperture 47 can also be implemented in other ways, for example, by having the connection between the head unit electrical connector 34 and the optical fiber electrical connector 40 occur within the first aperture 47 itself. In any case, the operable connection via the first aperture 47 can also be implemented such that the first aperture 47 is effectively sealed during connection, for example, based on a sealed contact between the optical fiber 39 and the head unit housing 33 at the first aperture 47. Similar to the head unit electrical connector 34, suitable optical fiber electrical connectors 40 include, for example, pin-to-receptacle connectors, precision hermetic coupling connectors, Mill-Max connectors, single-pin + sheath connectors, MT connection connectors, feedthrough pin connectors, cylindrical connectors, spring-loaded (spring-loaded) connectors, and contact connectors.

[0058] The power cable 41 of the optical fiber 39 can be a standard power cable, particularly including conductor 54. Suitable power cables 41 include, for example, copper, aluminum, and solid conductors.

[0059] As mentioned above, refer to Figure 11 and Figure 23The integrated light source 42 includes: (1) a radiation source 202 having a first spectrum; (2) an optical element 204 positioned to guide radiation from the radiation source 202; (3) a volumetric spectral converter 205 positioned to convert the radiation guided from the radiation source 202 into radiation having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum; (4) an optical reflector 206 located around the converter 205; and (5) an output filter 207, the reflector 206 positioned to reflect the radiation from the converter 205 toward the output filter 207, and the integrated light source 42 is configured to transmit light from the optical cable 39 through the output filter 207. Therefore, the integrated light source 42 can be a light source in which various components of the light source have been integrated, for example, in a single-piece form, rather than a light source in which various components remain separate, for example, a light source that remains easily detachable and / or interchangeable. The integrated light source 42 can be, for example, a light-emitting diode, a laser diode, or an organic light-emitting diode, as well as other types of integrated light sources. In some examples, the integrated light source 42 includes a solid-state light source 56 capable of generating continuous spectrum light, and / or the output of the integrated light source 42 has a nominal spectral bandwidth of 480 nm to 775 nm. Also in some examples, the integrated light source 42 can generate a tunable light spectrum. Also in some examples, the wireless medical imaging system 31 includes multiple integrated light sources 42. The integrated light source 42 will be described in more detail below.

[0060] Reference Figure 8-11 In some examples, the integrated light source 42 is configured to provide illumination to a region of interest (e.g., a surgical site in a human or animal patient) by connecting the optical cable 39 to the medical imaging mirror 50, such that light is transmitted from the integrated light source 42 into the medical imaging mirror 50 and reaches the region of interest. For example, the integrated light source 42 may be positioned within or at an end 57 of the optical cable 39, oriented such that the integrated light source 42 transmits light into the medical imaging mirror 50 and reaches the region of interest. This can be based, for example, on a connection between the end 57 of the optical cable 39 where the integrated light source 42 is positioned and the end 58 of the lamp post 59 of the medical imaging mirror 50. As discussed below, the connection can be direct, such as through direct contact between the end 57 of the optical cable 39 and the end 58 of the lamp post 59; or indirect, such as through the use of an adapter 60 between the end 57 of the optical cable 39 and the end 58 of the lamp post 59.

[0061] In some examples, the optical cable 39 also includes a protective housing 61. The protective housing 61 can be, for example, a cylindrical housing or other shapes, and can be made of metals such as titanium or other materials. According to these examples, the protective housing 61 surrounds the integrated light source 42, thereby providing protection for the integrated light source 42, such as preventing damage due to physical contact with other objects, and potentially serving as a heat sink for the integrated light source 42, for example, by absorbing heat generated by the integrated light source 42 during use. The protective housing 61 also has an opening 62, thereby allowing the integrated light source 42 to transmit light outside the protective housing 61. According to these examples, the integrated light source 42 is configured to transmit light from the optical cable 39 through the opening 62. For example, the integrated light source 42 can be positioned within the protective housing 61 such that light can also pass through the opening 62 of the protective housing 61 when the integrated light source 42 transmits light through an output filter.

[0062] In some examples, the optical cable 39 also includes an adapter 60 configured to connect the optical cable 39 to the medical imaging mirror 50. The adapter 60 can be, for example, an adapter for a universal end, as well as other types of adapters. According to these examples, the end 57 of the optical cable 39, such as the end 63 of the protective housing 61 of the optical cable 39, can have the adapter 60 attached thereto, for example, integrally or temporarily. Thus, in some examples, the adapter is built into the protective housing to allow for integrated designs. Also in some examples, the adapter is temporarily attached to the protective housing. The use of the adapter 60 allows the optical cable 39 to be connected to various different standard ends of the lamp post 59 of various types of medical imaging mirrors 50. Suitable adapters 60 include, for example, adapters with standard adapter ends for instrument ends, such as ACMI LUXTEC ends, ACMI SNAP-ON FEMALE ends, ACMI-LONG ends, DESIGNS FOR VISIONHEADLIGHT ends, PILLING ends, STORZ OLYMPUS ends, LUXTEC ULTRALITEHEADLIGHT ends, LUXTEC HEADLIGHT ends, WOLF MALE ends, WOLF FEMALE DYONICS ends, ZEISS HEADLIGHT ends, and UNIVERSAL ends; and for light source ends, such as ACMI LUXTEC ends, ACMI-LONG STRYKER ends, DESIGNS FOR VISIONS ends, OLYMPUS ends, PILLING ends, LUXTEC ULTRALITE ends, STORZ ends, WOLF... DYONICS end, ZEISS-SMALL end, and UNIVERSAL end. Suitable adapters 60 also include, for example, threaded connectors, magnetic connectors, and spring connectors.

[0063] Similarly, in some examples, adapter 60 is also configured to allow both adapter 60 and fiber optic cable 39 to rotate relative to medical imaging mirror 50 while fiber optic cable 39 is connected to medical imaging mirror 50. This adapter 60 can be used as a rotary connector. Exemplary suitable rotary connectors include pin-ring connectors and double-ring connectors, etc. A pin-ring connector may include a central circular port and a co-radial ring on one side of the connector, and a central pin and a bias pin on the other side of the connector. The central pin is fitted into the central port, and the bias pin can then slide along the co-radial ring. These connections are made using metal pins and rings, allowing power to flow regardless of the relative positions of adapter 60 and lamp post 59. A double-ring system is essentially the same, except that the central pin and port are replaced by a second ring that functions in the same manner as the first ring.

[0064] In some examples, the optical cable 39 also includes a flexible sheath 55 surrounding the power cable 41. The flexible sheath 55 protects and insulates the power cable 41 of the optical cable 39. The flexible sheath 55 may include, for example, an inner metal sheath 64 and an outer plastic sheath 65, as well as other components and structures.

[0065] Similarly, in some examples, optical cable 39 does not include fiber optic cable. As discussed below, using optical cable 39, which includes power cable 41 and integrated light source 42, instead of fiber optic cable, greatly increases the functionality and durability of optical cable 39.

[0066] Return to the first unit 32, refer to Figure 10 As described, image sensor 35 is configured to detect images transmitted to head unit 32 through second aperture 48, such as images transmitted by medical imaging mirror 50 connected to second aperture 48. Suitable image sensor 35 is known and commercially available, such as ON Semiconductor AR0230CS. In some examples, image sensor 35 includes a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip, a scientific complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (sCMOS) chip, a charge-coupled device (CCD) chip, or a combination thereof. Also in some examples, head unit 32 includes a coprocessor 66 that assists image sensor 35 in converting images for central processing unit 37. In these examples, coprocessor 66 may interface with image sensor 35. For example, coprocessor 66 may receive input from image sensor 35 in the form of raw image data and convert the raw image data into a compressible format that can be read by most common image processing hardware and / or software. Suitable coprocessor 66 is known and commercially available, such as ON Semiconductor AP0202AT.

[0067] In some examples, the head unit housing 33 has a diameter of 300 to 800 cm.3 The volume, for example, 350 to 750 cm³ 3 400 to 700cm 3 450 to 650cm 3 Or 500 to 600cm 3 The volume is also considered. Similarly, in some examples, the head unit electrical connector 34 and the image sensor 35 are positioned within the head unit housing 33, spaced 1 to 6 cm apart, for example, 1.5 to 5.5 cm, 2 to 5 cm, 2.5 to 4.5 cm, or 3 to 4 cm apart. According to these examples, the head unit housing 33 can have a compact shape.

[0068] As described, the optical cable 39 includes an integrated light source 42. Because the optical cable 39 includes an integrated light source 42, it does not need to extend from the endoscope cart, and therefore can be shorter than optical cables conventionally used in endoscopic examinations. For example, the optical cable 39 can have lengths of 3 to 30 cm, 4 to 20 cm, or 5 to 15 cm, etc.

[0069] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 10 In some examples, the second port 48 includes a second port connector 67 configured to connect the medical imaging endoscope 50 to the head unit housing 33. The second port connector 67 may include, for example, threads, such that the second port 48 corresponds to a threaded cavity. Threads allow most common medical imaging endoscopes to properly interface, either on their own or using an industry-standard C-mount coupler.

[0070] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 10 and Figure 21The wireless transceiver 36 of head unit 32 controls and directs signals to be transmitted from and received by wireless medical imaging system 31. In some examples, the wireless transceiver 36 of head unit 32 is configured to transmit image sensor data (e.g., video data) and command and control signals to and receive image sensor data and command and control signals from the wireless transceiver 51 of remote receiver unit 52, as discussed below. In some embodiments of these examples, head unit 32 is configured to establish a connection between wireless transceiver 36 of head unit 32 and wireless transceiver 51 of remote receiver unit 52 when head unit 32 and remote receiver unit 52 are positioned at a distance of up to 30 meters from each other. Also in some examples, wireless transceiver 36 of head unit 32 uses ultra-wideband (UWB) communication mode. Similarly, in some examples, the wireless transceiver 36 of the head unit 32 is configured to transmit image sensor data, as well as command and control signals, to an external medical imaging system or management system without requiring any changes, such as reprogramming, redesign, or updates. In some examples, the wireless transceiver 36 includes an antenna 68 and / or interfaces to the antenna 68. The antenna 68 allows the transmission and reception of wireless signals carrying image sensor data and / or command and control signals to and from the remote receiver unit 52 and / or the medical imaging system, such as a camera control unit on a standard endoscope cart. Suitable wireless transceivers 36 are known and commercially available, such as the Starix Technology STX1101.

[0071] As described above, in some examples, the head unit housing 33 has a diameter of 300 to 800 cm. 3 The volume, for example, 350 to 750 cm³ 3 400 to 700cm 3 450 to 650cm 3 Or 500 to 600cm 3 The volume of the head unit housing 33 within these ranges can be handheld. Thus, the wireless transceiver 36 of the head unit 32 can transmit and receive image sensor data (e.g., video data) and command and control signals to and from the wireless transceiver 51 of the remote receiver unit 52, wherein the head unit 32 is handheld.

[0072] Reference Figure 10The central processing unit 37 can perform and / or control one or more functions of the wireless medical imaging system 31. In some examples, the central processing unit 37 manages at least one of the following: integrated light source 42, image sensor 35, or wireless transceiver 36. In some embodiments of these examples, the central processing unit 37 can perform functions such as encoding and decoding video signals from the image sensor 35 as discussed above, decoding transmissions from the wireless transceiver 36, and / or controlling the brightness of the integrated light source 42. Also in some embodiments, the central processing unit 37 can interface with the battery system 69 as discussed below and distribute power to some or all components of the wireless medical imaging system 31, such as the integrated light source 42, image sensor 35, and / or wireless transceiver 36. Also in some embodiments, the central processing unit 37 can interface with a memory module 70. The memory module 70 can allow, for example, the storage and retrieval of data, instructions, and / or command signals transmitted or sent to or from some or all components of the wireless medical imaging system 31. Also in some embodiments, the central processing unit 37 can interface with a light source driver 53. The light source driver 53 can receive power supplied by the battery system 69, as discussed below, and can convert and shape the power in a manner that allows the integrated light source 42 to operate efficiently. A suitable central processing unit 37 is known and commercially available, such as the NXP SCM-i.MX 6Dual.

[0073] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 10 The user input component 38 may correspond to a control surface 71 that allows the user to interface with the integrated light source 42 and / or the image sensor 35. The user input component 38 may include, for example, rubber buttons, capacitive buttons, scroll wheels, capacitive screens, and / or switches that are operatively coupled to the integrated light source 42 and / or the image sensor 35. The interface may include control features of the integrated light source 42, such as power and / or intensity. This can be achieved, for example, by supplying direct power to the diodes of the integrated light source 42 and / or applying a duty cycle to the diodes of the integrated light source 42 that reduces total power consumption and blinks the diodes at a rate faster than the human eye or a camera can perceive. The interface may also include features for controlling the image sensor 35, such as white balance, brightness, zoom, and / or image capture.

[0074] Therefore, in some examples, the user input component 38 includes buttons configured to control the functions of the integrated light source 42.

[0075] Additionally, in some examples, the user input component 38 includes buttons configured to control the functions of the image sensor 35.

[0076] Reference Figure 10The head unit 32 may optionally include a heat sink within its internal cavity 46. However, a heat sink is not required within the internal cavity 46 of the head unit 32. This is because the head unit 32 does not include an integrated light source 42, and therefore a heat sink is not needed within its internal cavity 46 to absorb heat from the integrated light source 42. This is also because no other component of the head unit 32 may generate enough heat during use to require a heat sink within the internal cavity 46.

[0077] Accordingly, in some examples, the head unit 32 includes a heat sink within its internal cavity 46. According to these examples, the heat sink can absorb heat that may be generated by any component of the head unit 32 during use. The heat sink can have various configurations, including, for example, a heat sink / heat pipe configuration. A suitable heat sink can be customized to fit within the head unit housing 33.

[0078] Similarly, in some examples, the head unit 32 does not include a heat sink within its internal cavity 46. This offers advantages over a head unit 32 that includes a heat sink, including a simpler structure, lower cost, and / or lighter weight.

[0079] Similarly, in some examples, the head unit housing 33 can be used as a heat sink itself, regardless of whether the head unit 32 includes a heat sink within the internal cavity 46 of the head unit 32. For example, the head unit housing 33, made of titanium, can absorb heat generated by any component of the head unit 32 during use, and therefore can be used as a heat sink itself.

[0080] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 10 In some examples, the head unit 32 also includes a window 73. According to these examples, the window 73 is disposed within the second aperture 48 and configured to allow an image to pass through it unobstructed. The window 73 may be made of materials such as sapphire glass, plastic, and / or acrylic. The window 73 may also be coated with a coating, such as an anti-reflective coating, a scratch-resistant coating, and / or an infrared filtering coating.

[0081] In some of these examples, the second aperture 48 includes a second aperture connector 67 as discussed above, such as a threaded second aperture connector 67, configured to connect the medical imaging mirror 50 or coupler to the head unit housing 33, as discussed above. In these examples, the window 73 may allow images transmitted by the medical imaging mirror 50 connected to the second aperture 48 (e.g., the second aperture 48 corresponding to the threaded hole) to enter the head unit housing 33.

[0082] Reference Figure 10As described, the head unit electrical connector 34 is configured to be operatively connected to the optical fiber electrical connector 40 via the first aperture 47. Additionally, the operative connection via the first aperture 47 can be made such that the first aperture 47 is effectively sealed, for example, based on a sealed contact between the optical fiber 39 and the head unit housing 33 at the first aperture 47. In some examples, a window 73 disposed within a second aperture 48 also effectively seals the second aperture 48. In these examples, the head unit 32 is configured to supply power to the integrated light source 42 via the first aperture 47, and the window 73 allows images transmitted by the medical imaging mirror 50 connected to the second aperture 48 to enter the head unit housing 33 without compromising the sealing integrity of the head unit housing 33 and / or its suitability for sterilization. In these examples, the head unit 32 can be sterilized prior to surgery, and the internal cavity 46 of the head unit housing 33 can remain sterile during and after surgery during use of the head unit 32.

[0083] The window 73 can be set within the second opening 48 by various methods, such as by positioning it within the second opening 48 and sealing it therein.

[0084] In some examples, the wireless medical imaging system 31 also includes a printed circuit board 74. The printed circuit board 74 may be disposed within an internal cavity 46 of the head unit housing 33. The printed circuit board 74 may support and position one or more of the image sensor 35, wireless transceiver 36, and central processing unit 37, also disposed within the internal cavity 46 of the head unit housing 33. The printed circuit board 74 may be made of materials such as copper, plastic, fiberglass, and / or resin. The printed circuit board 74 may be attached to the inner surface 45 of the head unit housing 33 for stability and / or placement. Suitable printed circuit boards 74 can be customized.

[0085] Reference Figure 10 and Figure 12-17 In some examples, the wireless medical imaging system 31 also includes an external battery 49 disposed within an external cavity 44 of the head unit housing 33, providing power to one or more of the integrated light source 42, image sensor 35, wireless transceiver 36, or central processing unit 37. The external battery 49 may include one or more battery cells 75. The battery cells 75 may contain chemicals such as lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium, or lithium polymer. Suitable battery cells 75 are known and commercially available, such as the LG 18650MJ1.

[0086] In some embodiments of these examples, the external battery 49 is a removable rechargeable battery 76. In these embodiments, the wireless medical imaging system 31 may also include a removable housing 77 for the removable rechargeable battery 76. The removable housing 77 may be made of materials such as plastic, stainless steel, and / or titanium. The removable housing 77 may include the removable rechargeable battery 76. Therefore, the removable housing 77 can protect the removable rechargeable battery 76 during surgery and / or sterilization. The external cavity 44 may be configured to receive the removable rechargeable battery 76 by latching the removable housing 77 into the external cavity 44. For example, the removable housing 77 may include a latching mechanism that allows for rapid removal and replacement of the removable housing 77 and the removable rechargeable battery 76 therein from the external cavity 44 of the head unit housing 33.

[0087] The removable housing 77 may further include a battery management system 78. The battery management system 78 may perform one or more functions. For example, the battery management system 78 may be configured to (a) regulate the power output from the removable rechargeable battery 76, (b) report the charge level of the removable rechargeable battery 76, and (c) prevent malfunctions. Alternatively and / or additionally, the battery management system 78 may be configured to store information identifying the removable rechargeable battery 76, such as the number of charge cycles, a unique identifier, etc. A suitable battery management system 78 may be customized.

[0088] Reference Figure 17 In some embodiments of these examples, the external battery 49 is a non-removable rechargeable battery 89.

[0089] Reference Figure 10 In some embodiments of these examples, the external battery 49 has a high capacity and can provide sufficient power to operate the integrated light source 42, image sensor 35, central processing unit 37, and wireless transceiver 36. For example, the external battery 49 may have a capacity of more than 3,000 mAh.

[0090] Also in some embodiments of these examples, the head unit 32 further includes a power management system 79 configured to control the power supplied by the external battery 49 and distribute that power to one or more of the integrated light source 42, image sensor 35, wireless transceiver 36, or central processing unit 37. A suitable power management system 79 may be made from commercially available components, including, for example, the Texas Instruments TPS63020DSJ.

[0091] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 18-21In some examples, the wireless medical imaging system 31 also includes a remote receiver unit 52. The remote receiver unit 52 includes a receiver unit housing 80, a wireless transceiver 51, a central processing unit 81, and a communication interface 82. The receiver unit housing 80 has an internal cavity 83 that houses the wireless transceiver 51, the central processing unit 81, and the communication interface 82 of the remote receiver unit 52. The receiver unit housing 80 may be made of materials such as plastic, stainless steel, and / or titanium. Accordingly, during surgery and / or cleaning, the receiver unit housing 80 can protect the wireless transceiver 51, the central processing unit 81, and the communication interface 82 of the remote receiver unit 52, as well as any other components within the receiver unit housing 80, such as any other components within the internal cavity 83 of the receiver unit housing 80.

[0092] In some embodiments of these examples, the wireless transceiver 51 of the remote receiver unit 52 is configured to transmit image sensor data and command and control signals to the wireless transceiver 36 of the head unit 32, and to receive image sensor data and command and control signals from the wireless transceiver 36 of the head unit 32. For example, the remote receiver unit 52 may include a first external connection 84 that provides connectivity for operations such as antenna functions, data transmission, and / or power transmission. The remote receiver unit 52 may also include a second external connection 85 that can be used to connect the remote receiver unit 52 to an endoscope system, including, for example, any of the various state-of-the-art existing endoscope systems.

[0093] Similarly, in some embodiments of these examples, the central processing unit 81 of the remote receiver unit 52 manages one or more of the wireless transceiver 51 or communication interface 82 of the remote receiver unit 52 and can perform data processing as needed. For example, the remote receiver unit 52 may include multiple printed circuit components that can be used for functions such as power control, wireless signal processing, computation, and / or video compression and decompression.

[0094] Similarly, in some embodiments of these examples, the communication interface 82 is configured to communicate with various types of external camera management systems without requiring any changes, such as reprogramming, redesign, or updating.

[0095] Suitable wireless transceivers 51 for remote receiver unit 52 are known and commercially available, such as those discussed above. Suitable central processing units 81 for remote receiver unit 52 are also known and commercially available, such as those discussed above. Suitable communication interfaces 82 for remote receiver unit 52 are known and commercially available, such as HDMI or DVI communication interfaces.

[0096] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 10 In some examples, head unit 32 also includes an internal rechargeable battery 86. Internal cavity 46 also contains internal rechargeable battery 86.

[0097] In some embodiments of these examples, the internal rechargeable battery 86 is configured to function as a secondary battery system 87 in the event that the external battery stops providing power or is removed.

[0098] Also in some embodiments of these examples, the head unit 32 further includes a battery management system 88 configured to manage the internal rechargeable battery 86. For example, the internal rechargeable battery 86 and battery management system 88 of the head unit 32 allow the integrated light source 42, image sensor 35, wireless transceiver 36, and central processing unit 37 to switch to a low-power state to save power.

[0099] Similarly, in some embodiments of these examples, the internal rechargeable battery 86 can be charged to capacity from the external battery 49.

[0100] Similarly, in some embodiments of these examples, the internal rechargeable battery 86 is configured to be controlled by a separate power or battery management system depending on the presence of the external battery 49.

[0101] Similarly, in some embodiments of these examples, the internal rechargeable battery 86 is sufficient to provide power for the operation of the wireless medical imaging system 31.

[0102] Suitable internal rechargeable batteries are known and commercially available, such as those discussed above regarding external batteries. Suitable battery management systems are also known and commercially available, such as those discussed above.

[0103] The wireless medical imaging system 31 advantageously includes an integrated light source 42 that provides sufficiently high light output comparable to state-of-the-art endoscopic systems, while using less power and generating less heat than light sources conventionally used in such systems.

[0104] Reference Figure 23Considering the integrated light source 42 in more detail, and as explained in more detail below, in some examples, the integrated light source 42 is an integrated light source 200, which includes: a radiation source 202 having a first spectrum; an optical element 204 positioned to guide radiation from the radiation source 202; a volumetric spectrum converter 205 positioned to convert the radiation guided from the radiation source 202 into radiation having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum; an optical reflector 206 located around the converter 205; and an output filter 207, the reflector 206 positioned to reflect the radiation from the converter 205 toward the output filter 207. In these examples, the optical cable 39, as discussed above, includes the radiation source 202, optical element 204, converter 205, reflector 206, and filter 207. The integrated light source 200 is configured to transmit light from the optical cable 39 through the output filter 207.

[0105] In some embodiments of these examples, the radiation source 202 operates in the range of 400 nm to 480 nm. Optical element 204 can collimate, converge, or diverge the radiation from the radiation source onto transducer 205. Optical reflector 206 redirects omnidirectional light into the desired optical path. Transducer 205 converts the radiation from radiation source 202 into different wavelengths, narrower or wider spectra of incoherent radiation. Filter 207 eliminates radiation from radiation source 202 that has not been converted by transducer 205 and optionally further modulates the emitted light. The radiation geometry of the emitted radiation spectrum from integrated light source 200 can be further adjusted, guided, focused, collimated, reflected, refracted, diffracted, or otherwise modified by incorporating suitable optical components.

[0106] The light source 200 employs a solid-state light-emitting device that pumps a medium in which a phosphor is volumetrically disposed. The light-emitting device generates a light beam, which is directed onto the phosphor and subsequently converted into broad-spectrum or narrow-spectrum light of the desired wavelength. By using a volumetrically disposed phosphor, a higher percentage of incident light can be converted, thereby improving the efficiency and safety of the system. The converted light can then be transmitted through a desired optical path for precise control of the final light output.

[0107] The light source is based on a method of volumetrically depositing phosphorescent material into a substrate. This volumetrically deposited substrate offers advantages over existing systems, such as those using thin coatings. One benefit is the increased conversion of laser light to incoherent light, stemming from the amount of phosphor available for light conversion. Current thin phosphor surface coatings quickly saturate with pre-converted light, converting only a small amount of light at a time, significantly reducing system efficiency. Attempting to increase the amount of phosphor for light conversion using current thin phosphor surface coatings becomes extremely difficult because coherent light travels in only one direction, thus requiring either increased phosphor layer thickness (which hinders transmission and therefore reduces efficiency) or distribution over excessively large areas. The volumetric deposition method allows for the use of a larger amount of phosphor during coherent light conversion without requiring a larger coherent light emission beam. The increased amount of phosphor for conversion means more incoherent light is generated with the same input; therefore, the system is more efficient. Furthermore, as more coherent light is converted to incoherent light, the likelihood of dangerous coherent laser emission from the final light source system decreases.

[0108] refer to Figure 22 Considering the light source in more detail, an exemplary solid-state integrated light source 100 is shown. The integrated light source 100 includes a laser diode 101 in the form of a semiconductor laser disposed within a standard electronic component package. The laser diode 101 has a power pin 102 extending from the package. The laser diode 101 can, for example, provide coherent light in the range of 400-480 nm (preferably 430-470 nm). A beam 103 is the coherent laser beam generated by the laser diode 101. The beam 103 strikes and interacts with a volumetric spectral converter 104 (e.g., a PMMA volumetrically disposed with phosphor particles). The converter 104 thus converts the incident coherent laser beam 103 into an output broadband light 105. The light 105 can be any specified color, such as, but not limited to, white, and is determined by the chemical composition of the phosphor disposed in the medium of the converter 104.

[0109] refer to Figure 23The integrated light source 200 discussed above is illustrated. The integrated light source 200 includes a radiation source 202 having a first output spectrum, which is, for example, in the form of a semiconductor laser diode disposed within a standard electronic component package. The laser diode has a power supply pin 203 extending from the package. Located in front of the radiation source 202 on its radiating side is an optical element 204, which consists of, for example, a lens or lens system, guiding the coherent laser emitted from the laser diode 202 to a specific region. The optical element 204 can, for example, collimate, converge, or diverge the radiation from the radiation source 202 for conversion by a volumetric spectral converter 205. The volumetric spectral converter 205 converts the radiation from the radiation source 202 into radiation having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum. The volumetric spectral converter 205 is disposed within a geometric optical reflector 206, which in this embodiment is, but not limited to, a parabolic solid that guides the light converted by the converter 205 in a specified direction, in this case, forward toward the output filter 207. After the light has been guided forward by the optical reflector 206, it interacts with the filter 207, which removes any coherent light that has not been converted into incoherent light by the conversion medium of the converter 205. Thereafter, only the filtered incoherent light can leave the light source 200, making the emitted light safe for use in various environments. The reference light source 200, with all the aforementioned components housed in an internal cavity 208 cut out from a package 201, can be, for example, a solid material, such as, but not limited to, aluminum, steel, or copper.

[0110] refer to Figure 24 This shows the use of Figure 23 The possible light paths of the light source shown are illustrated. Figure 23 The light source 200 is equivalent to the light source 300, including those with... Figure 23Package 201 corresponds to package 301. A laser diode 302, in the form of a semiconductor laser, is positioned within the light source 300, housed within a standard electronic component package. The laser diode 302 emits a coherent beam 307, which continues to interact with an optical element 303. The optical element 303 redirects the coherent beam 307 to a more precise path 308, allowing it to interact more effectively with a volumetric spectral converter 304. The converter 304 converts the coherent beam 308 into incoherent light 309 through an internal physical interaction between the coherent light 308 and a phosphor present in the volumetric configuration within the converter 304. The incoherent light 309 is then emitted from the converter 304 in multiple directions. The incoherent light 309 then interacts with a geometric optical reflector 305. This optical reflector 305 reflects the incoherent multidirectional light 309 and redirects it forward 310. Most of the redirected light 310 passes through a filter 306 and exits the light source 300 311. Some of the redirected light 310 interacts with filter 306 and is prevented 312 from leaving the device for reasons such as design and safety specifications.

[0111] Figure 25 A phosphor-coated transducer is illustrated. Part 401 is a thin phosphor coating deposited on a substrate 400. The thin phosphor coating 401 has phosphor particles 402 disposed within the coating. The particles 402 convert light 403 from the right side into light 404 of a different wavelength. Because the coating 401 is thin, the amount of phosphor particles 402 capable of converting the incident light 403 is limited. Therefore, most of the incident light 403 is not converted and leaves the substrate 405 unaffected.

[0112] Figure 26 It shows the relationship with Figure 25 In contrast to the coating-coated converter, a volumetric spectral converter is used. In this case, the phosphor 501 is volumetrically disposed within the substrate 500. This results in more phosphor particles 502 being able to interact with the incident light 503 and thus participate in light conversion. Here, a much larger number of incident light 503 are converted to the desired wavelength 504. The use of a volumetric spectral converter is superior to that of a phosphor-coated converter.

[0113] It should be noted that this is a simplification for clarity. The emitted light does not necessarily all come out from the front. It is usually omnidirectionally scattered, and the reflective parabolic surface of the light source (e.g., 206, 305) is a parabola that causes the light to travel in the same direction.

[0114] The optical reflector can be an optical material part, such as PMMA, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyester, copolymers or blends of the above materials, manufactured by means of molding, machining, 3D printing or other methods. It is designed to redirect omnidirectional light into a desired optical path. It can be, for example, a solid geometry, a hollow geometry or other combinations of geometric surfaces. It may also advantageously include a reflective material layer that enhances its ability to redirect light. This layer can be, for example, an outer surface, an inner surface or a combination of surfaces.

[0115] The converter (e.g., 205, 304) can be selected to convert radiation (e.g., blue or violet light) from a radiation source into radiation of another wavelength, such as narrow or broad-spectrum, incoherent radiation. It can be made using a conversion material, which may include, for example, phosphorescent materials, fluorescent materials, other radiation conversion materials, or combinations thereof. The conversion material is volumetactically disposed in a substrate, which may include, for example, PMMA, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyester, copolymers or blends of the foregoing materials, to produce an effectively homogeneous composite material. The process may include, for example, extrusion, coating, lamination, blending, mixing, or suspension.

[0116] A specific example of manufacturing a converter is extruding a substrate containing a conversion material into a blended and / or multilayered solid composite. Specifically, the solid composite can be made with 2 to 500,000 layers, which can be tailored to specific end-use performance specifications. It is desirable that the converter be free of any defects larger than 1 micrometer, such as voids, trapped gases, bubbles, doped particles of any material other than those intentionally desired, or any kind of trapped liquid, whether in a vapor or liquid state.

[0117] The converter can have a ratio of conversion material or a combination of materials to the substrate, which can be adjusted according to specified end-use performance indicators.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment, the conversion material may be a single phosphor with a specific particle size, or a mixture of phosphor powders with similar or different particle sizes, providing radiation with stable and / or variable wavelengths. The emitted radiation may be, for example, white light.

[0119] In another preferred embodiment, the converter has a conversion material to substrate ratio between 5% and 15%.

[0120] The converter can also be adjusted for specific end-use performance metrics by changing its thickness and diameter. For example, a preferred embodiment includes a converter with a thickness between 0.5 mm and 5 mm and a radius between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.

[0121] The output filter (e.g., 207, 306) may be, for example, an optically transparent window, but in a preferred embodiment, it eliminates any emitted radiation from the radiation source that has not been converted by the converter. It may also be, for example, a long-pass, short-pass, band-pass, or band-stop filter to further pass through or cut off the radiation wavelength, further modulating the emitted light.

[0122] It should also be noted that the radiation geometry of the emitted radiation spectrum from the device can be further adjusted, guided, focused, collimated, reflected, refracted, diffracted, or otherwise modified by incorporating suitable optical components.

[0123] Importantly, the integrated light source 42 disclosed herein can be used to provide a continuous solar equivalent spectrum, which is useful for the human eye and modern camera systems, while providing a total light intensity equivalent to current systems at lower power requirements. For example, as Figure 27 As shown, Figure 27 This is a graph comparing the exemplary spectra of a state-of-the-art 3-LED system (dashed line) and the integrated light source disclosed herein (solid line). Current systems, such as state-of-the-art 3-LED systems, have three peaks corresponding to the three LED colors used. While the human eye can add them together and perceive a good approximation of white light, modern camera systems are more sensitive and can exhibit defects where there are gaps in the spectrum. By providing a continuous equivalent spectrum of sunlight, the light source disclosed herein overcomes these defects, and does so while providing an equivalent total luminous intensity at a lower power requirement (the integrals of the two graphs are similar).

[0124] The wireless medical imaging system disclosed in this paper offers many advantages, including the following.

[0125] Wireless medical imaging systems eliminate the need for many of the cables associated with conventional endoscopic systems. These systems can be provided with fiber optic cables that include an integrated light source, a removable and hot-swappable battery system, and a wireless data transmission mode that is FCC, FDA-approved, and HIPAA compliant. Wireless medical imaging systems can be easily integrated with current endoscopic systems, surgical procedures, and operating rooms, and are even drop-in compatible.

[0126] The external battery can be in the form of a battery pack, consisting of a sufficient number of battery cells that, when fully charged, can sustain the entire length of the surgery without requiring replacement. Furthermore, if the battery pack is not fully charged before surgery, or if the surgery lasts longer than the battery charge can sustain, the battery pack can be hot-swapped with minimal impact on surgical performance and time.

[0127] Integrated light sources can be multimodal, providing sufficiently bright light output comparable to state-of-the-art endoscopic systems, and are small enough to be housed within the fiber optic cable of wireless medical imaging systems. This eliminates the need for long external optical transmission cables extending from the endoscope cart, and the associated need to compensate for light loss through these cables. It also eliminates the need to transmit light from the head unit along even short fiber optic cables, as the integrated light source is a component of the cable, not the head unit, and because the cable connectors, power cables, and integrated light source are operatively connected in series, the integrated light source can be positioned at or near the end of the cable. This, in turn, allows the light source to deliver an amount of light to the surgical area equivalent to or even greater than that provided by state-of-the-art endoscopic systems, while using less power and emitting less waste heat. Furthermore, the absence of long optical transmission cables allows surgeons significantly greater flexibility when manipulating the endoscope. This eliminates the tripping hazard posed by external cables and provides easier and more thorough sterilization. Using fiber optic cables, which include power cables and integrated light sources, instead of optical fiber cables, greatly increases the functionality and durability of the cables. Power cables can generally be made thinner and more flexible than optical fiber cables, thus providing greater ease of use for doctors in manipulating the head unit, while also reducing the risk of damage to the cables themselves, such as due to kinks. The integrated light source also generates less heat, reducing the likelihood of materials in the operating room catching fire due to heated cables and / or other heat / radiation components.

[0128] State-of-the-art image sensors can be used, featuring increased low-light performance, lower power requirements, higher resolution, and numerous improvements in intelligent features such as automatic white balance, automatic exposure, and automatic tone correction. This allows for further reduction in the required light output from the integrated light source to adequately illuminate the surgical area without compromising image quality, making the system more energy-efficient while still providing surgeons with clear and operable images.

[0129] The head unit can operate without an attached data cable. State-of-the-art endoscopic systems use data cables to transmit images from the camera unit to a camera control unit located on the endoscope cart. While such data cables are typically thinner and more flexible than external fiber optic cables, they present the same problems of movement limitations, tripping issues, and difficulties in sterilization. The aforementioned medical imaging systems include wireless transmission modes capable of transmitting latency-free real-time video, along with the large amounts of data required for command and control signals, in a manner compliant with applicable laws and regulations. While many wireless transmission modes are capable of transmitting large amounts of data at the required speeds, very few have been approved for use in the operating room by the FDA or FCC. Similarly, of the modes approved for use in the operating room, most lack the bandwidth required to accomplish the transmission task, such as transmitting 1080p or higher resolution video data at at least 30 frames per second. For the few modes approved for use in the operating room and possessing the appropriate bandwidth capacity to transmit video data within the required performance parameters, it is believed that no mode has previously been used for full-duplex transmission between surgical equipment and monitors or controllers, as disclosed herein.

[0130] Wireless medical imaging systems can also be designed to be pluggable compatible with other most commonly used endoscopic systems, allowing for easy adoption of wireless medical imaging systems in the operating room.

[0131] These improvements will result in reduced operating room setup time, increased operating room safety, simplified yet more effective sterilization, and increased availability and flexibility for surgeons during surgical procedures. Taken together, these advancements should allow for shorter and safer surgeries, improved patient outcomes, and reduced risk and costs for hospitals and surgical centers in a wide range of surgical and / or veterinary applications involving human and / or animal patients.

[0132] It is obvious that this disclosure is illustrative and various changes can be made by adding, modifying, or deleting details without departing from the fair scope of the teachings contained herein. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific details of this disclosure unless so defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A wireless medical imaging system, comprising: (a) A head unit, comprising: (i) a head unit housing; (ii) a head unit electrical connector; (iii) an image sensor; (iv) a wireless transceiver; (v) a central processing unit; and (vi) a user input component; and (b) An optical fiber cable, comprising: (i) an optical fiber electrical connector; (ii) a power cable; and (iii) an integrated light source, wherein: The head unit housing has an outer surface defining an external cavity, an inner surface defining an internal cavity, and a first orifice and a second orifice disposed on a flat front surface of the outer surface, wherein the second orifice and the first orifice are coplanar. The head unit electrical connector is configured to be operably connected to the optical cable electrical connector through the first aperture; The optical fiber connector, the power cable, and the integrated light source are operably connected in series; The integrated light source includes: (1) a radiation source having a first spectrum; (2) an optical element positioned to guide radiation from the radiation source; (3) a volumetric spectrum converter positioned to convert the radiation guided from the radiation source into radiation having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum; (4) an optical reflector located around the converter; and (5) an output filter positioned to reflect the radiation from the converter toward the output filter, and the integrated light source is configured to transmit light from the optical cable through the output filter. The image sensor, the wireless transceiver, and the central processing unit are disposed in the internal cavity; The image sensor is configured to detect images transmitted to the head unit through the second aperture; The external cavity is configured to receive an external battery; and The user input component is disposed on the outer surface.

2. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein: The integrated light source includes a solid-state light source capable of generating continuous spectrum light; and / or The integrated light source output has a nominal spectral bandwidth of 480nm to 775nm.

3. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The radiation source operates in the range of 400 nm to 480 nm.

4. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The optical element can collimate, converge, or diverge the radiation source onto the converter.

5. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The optical reflector redirects omnidirectional light into the desired optical path.

6. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The converter transforms the radiation from the radiation source into incoherent radiation of different wavelengths, narrower or wider spectra.

7. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The output filter eliminates radiation from the radiation source that has not been converted by the converter.

8. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The radiation geometry of the emitted radiation spectrum from the integrated light source can be guided, focused, collimated, reflected, refracted, and diffracted.

9. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The integrated light source is configured to provide illumination to the region of interest by connecting the optical cable to a medical imaging mirror, such that light is transmitted from the integrated light source into the medical imaging mirror and reaches the region of interest.

10. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 9, wherein, The optical cable also includes a protective housing surrounding the integrated light source and having an opening, and the integrated light source is configured to transmit light from the optical cable through the opening.

11. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 10, wherein, The optical cable also includes an adapter configured to connect the optical cable to the medical imaging mirror.

12. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 11, wherein, The adapter is built into the protective housing to allow for integrated design.

13. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 11, wherein, The adapter is also configured to allow the adapter and the optical cable to rotate relative to the medical imaging mirror while the optical cable is connected to the medical imaging mirror.

14. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The optical cable also includes a flexible sheath surrounding the power cable.

15. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The optical cable does not include optical fiber cable.

16. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The image sensor includes a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip, a charge-coupled device (CCD) chip, or a combination thereof.

17. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The wireless transceiver of the head unit is configured to transmit image sensor data and command and control signals to the wireless transceiver of the remote receiver unit, and to receive the image sensor data and command and control signals from the wireless transceiver of the remote receiver unit.

18. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 17, wherein, The head unit is configured to establish a connection between the wireless transceiver of the head unit and the wireless transceiver of the remote receiver unit when the head unit and the remote receiver unit are positioned at a distance of 30 meters from each other.

19. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The wireless transceiver of the head unit can use ultra-wideband (UWB) communication mode.

20. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The wireless transceiver of the head unit is configured to transmit data from the image sensor, as well as command and control signals, to an external system for management of the medical imaging system without requiring reprogramming or redesign.

21. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The central processing unit manages at least one of the integrated light source, the image sensor, and the wireless transceiver.

22. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The head unit also includes a coprocessor that assists the image sensor in converting the image for the central processing unit.

23. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The user input component includes buttons configured to control the functions of the image sensor.

24. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The second aperture includes a second aperture connector configured to connect a medical imaging mirror to the head unit housing.

25. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The head unit housing has a diameter of 300 to 800 cm. 3 The volume.

26. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The head unit electrical connector and the image sensor are positioned within a range of 1 to 6 cm apart.

27. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The head unit does not include a heat sink located in the internal cavity of the head unit.

28. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The head unit also includes a window disposed within the second aperture and configured to allow the image to pass through it.

29. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The wireless medical imaging system also includes an external battery disposed in the external cavity, which provides power to one or more of the integrated light source, the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, and the central processing unit.

30. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 29, wherein, The external battery is a removable and rechargeable battery.

31. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 30, wherein, The wireless medical imaging system also includes a removable housing for the removable rechargeable battery, the removable housing including the removable rechargeable battery, and the external cavity is configured to receive the removable rechargeable battery by latching the removable housing into the external cavity.

32. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 31, wherein, The removable housing also includes a battery management system.

33. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 32, wherein, The battery management system is configured to (a) regulate the power output from the removable rechargeable battery, (b) report the charge level of the removable rechargeable battery, and (c) prevent malfunctions.

34. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 29, wherein, The external battery is a non-removable rechargeable battery.

35. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 29, wherein, The external battery has a high capacity and can provide sufficient power to operate the integrated light source, the image sensor, and the wireless transceiver.

36. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 35, wherein, The external battery has a capacity of over 3,000 mAh.

37. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 29, wherein, The head unit also includes a power management system configured to control the power supplied by the external battery and distribute the power to one or more of the integrated light source, the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, and the central processing unit.

38. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The wireless medical imaging system further includes a remote receiver unit, which includes: (I) a receiver unit housing; (ii) a wireless transceiver; (iii) a central processing unit; and (iv) a communication interface; wherein the receiver unit housing has an internal cavity containing the wireless transceiver of the remote receiver unit, the central processing unit of the remote receiver unit, and the communication interface.

39. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 38, wherein, The wireless transceiver of the remote receiver unit is configured to transmit image sensor data and command and control signals to the wireless transceiver of the head unit, and to receive the image sensor data and command and control signals from the wireless transceiver of the head unit.

40. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 38, wherein, The central processing unit of the remote receiver unit manages one or more of the wireless transceivers or communication interfaces of the remote receiver unit and is able to perform data processing for them.

41. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 38, wherein, The communication interface is configured to communicate with various types of external camera management systems without requiring reprogramming or redesign.

42. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The head unit also includes an internal rechargeable battery, and the internal cavity contains the internal rechargeable battery.

43. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 42, wherein, The internal rechargeable battery is configured to function as a secondary battery system when the external battery stops providing power or is disconnected.

44. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 42, wherein, The head unit also includes a battery management system configured to manage the internal rechargeable battery.

45. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 44, wherein, The internal rechargeable battery and battery management system of the head unit allow the integrated light source, the image sensor, the wireless transceiver, and the central processing unit to switch to a low-power mode to save power.

46. ​​The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 42, wherein, The internal rechargeable battery can be charged to its capacity from an external battery.

47. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 42, wherein, The internal rechargeable battery is configured to be controlled externally by a separate power or battery management system, depending on the presence of an external battery.

48. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 42, wherein, The internal rechargeable battery is sufficient to provide power for the operation of the wireless medical imaging system.

49. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The optical cable connector includes a first end connected to the head unit and a second end connected to the imaging mirror, the second end including the integrated light source.

50. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The second aperture is configured to receive an imaging mirror, such that the imaging mirror extends from the head unit.

51. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The outer surface includes the front of a basic plane, and the first aperture and the second aperture are disposed on the front of the basic plane.

52. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 1, wherein, The output filter eliminates radiation from the radiation source that has not been converted by the converter and modulates the emitted light.

53. The wireless medical imaging system according to claim 16, wherein, The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip is a scientific complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (sCMOS) chip.

54. A wireless imaging system, comprising: Header unit, which includes: A head unit housing having an outer surface, an inner surface defining an internal cavity, and a first orifice and a second orifice disposed on a flat front surface of the outer surface, wherein the second orifice and the first orifice are coplanar. The head unit electrical connector is connected to the first aperture; An image sensor is disposed in the internal cavity and configured to detect images transmitted to the head unit through the second aperture; A wireless transceiver is disposed in the internal cavity of the head unit and near the first opening; A user input component disposed on the outer surface; and A connector having a first end connected to the head unit and a second end connected to the imaging mirror, the connector comprising: An electrical connector is disposed at the first end of the connector, the electrical connector being operably connected to the head unit electrical connector through the first orifice. A power cable connected to the electrical connector, the power cable being longitudinally disposed within the connector between the first end and the second end; and An integrated light source is provided at the second end of the connector. The electrical connector, the power cable, and the integrated light source are operably connected in series, and the integrated light source includes: A radioactive source that has a first spectrum; An optical element positioned to guide radiation from the radiation source; A volumetric spectral converter, configured to convert radiation directed from the radiation source into radiation having a second spectrum different from the first spectrum; Output filter; and An optical reflector is positioned to reflect the radiation of a volumetric spectral converter toward the output filter, and the integrated light source is configured to transmit light through the output filter.

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