Frame-based operation for millimeter waves (MMWAVE) using receiver-based contention

Abstract

The present disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for frame-based operations and medium contention procedures in wireless networks, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media. In some aspects, devices of the wireless network can perform receiver-side contention operations. For illustration, a reference signal from a receiving device can be sent to a transmitting device and used by the transmitting device to estimate interference for transmitter-side transmissions. Such a receiver-side reference signal can more accurately reflect the interference profile that a transmission issued by the transmitting device will face, such as when operating in a spectrum shared with many devices. The transmitting device can transmit data using (multiple) beams that meet the interference criteria when receiving the reference signal. Receiver-side frame-based operations can provide a more stable interference profile that enables better rate prediction, and better rate prediction can improve reliability and overall network and medium throughput.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application No. 17 / 098,303, filed on November 13, 2020, entitled “FRAME BASED OPERATION FOR MILLIMETER WAVE (MMWAVE) WITH RECEIVER BASED CONTENTION,” and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 940,757, filed on November 26, 2019, entitled “FRAME BASED OPERATION FOR MILLIMETER WAVE WITH RECEIVER BASED CONTENTION,” the entire contents of both applications being expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communication systems, and more particularly to frame-based operations and medium contention procedures. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and the like. These wireless networks can be multiple access networks capable of supporting multiple users via sharing available network resources. Such a network (which is typically a multiple access network) supports communications for multiple users via sharing available network resources. An example of such a network is the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). UTRAN is a radio access network (RAN) defined as a part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a third generation (3G) mobile phone technology supported by the Third (3rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Examples of multiple access network formats include code division multiple access (CDMA) networks, time division multiple access (TDMA) networks, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) networks, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, and single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks.

[0005] A wireless communication network may include multiple base stations or node Bs that can support communications for multiple user equipments (UEs). UEs may communicate with base stations via downlink (DL) and uplink (UL). DL (or forward link) refers to the communication link from a base station to a UE, and UL (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from a UE to a base station. A base station may send data and control information to a UE on a downlink, or may receive data and control information from a UE on an uplink. On the downlink, transmission from a base station may encounter interference caused by transmission from adjacent base stations or from transmissions of other wireless radio frequency (RF) transmitters. On the uplink, transmission from a UE may encounter interference from uplink transmissions of other UEs communicating with adjacent base stations or from interference from other wireless RF transmitters. This interference may degrade performance on both the downlink and uplink.

[0006] As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to grow, the potential for interference and congested networks increases as more UEs access long-range wireless communication networks and more short-range wireless systems are deployed in communities. Research and development continue to advance UMTS technology to not only meet the growing demand for mobile broadband access, but also to advance and enhance the user experience of mobile communications. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The systems, methods, and devices of the present disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.

[0008] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method of wireless communication. The method includes receiving, by a user equipment (UE), one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam from a plurality of beams. The method also includes decoding, by the UE, the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The method includes determining, by the UE, whether the one or more decoded pre-authorized transmissions satisfy one or more quality conditions. The method also includes transmitting, by the UE, the one or more transmissions based on determining that the one or more decoded pre-authorized transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

[0009] In some embodiments, the method may include receiving, by the UE, a data transmission in response to the one or more transmissions. Additionally or alternatively, the method may include avoiding performing a channel sensing operation corresponding to the data transmission. In some embodiments, the data transmission is received independently of the channel sensing operation.

[0010] In some embodiments, the UE is operating in a licensed, unlicensed, or shared spectrum. Additionally or alternatively, the UE is operating in a millimeter wave frequency range.

[0011] In some embodiments, the UE is operating in a frame-based mode of operation. Additionally or alternatively, the UE's frames are time-aligned with corresponding frames of one or more network entities. In some embodiments, the frames of the frame-based operation have a fixed duration for one or more network entities.

[0012] In some embodiments, receiving the one or more pre-authorized transmissions includes receiving a first set of pre-authorized transmissions from a first network entity and receiving a second set of pre-authorized transmissions from a second network entity. In some such embodiments, the first set of pre-authorized transmissions is received via a corresponding downlink beam of the first network entity.

[0013] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-grant transmissions include a UE identifier (UE-ID) configured to indicate the intended UE for the one or more pre-grant messages. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more pre-grant transmissions include or correspond to a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission. In some embodiments, the one or more pre-grant transmissions include a demodulation reference signal (DMRS).

[0014] In some embodiments, the one or more transmissions include or correspond to reference signal transmissions. In some such embodiments, the reference signal transmissions include or correspond to sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, each SRS transmission including a UE-specific SRS. Additionally or alternatively, each SRS transmission is transmitted via a specific uplink beam from among the plurality of uplink beams.

[0015] In some embodiments, the one or more transmissions include or correspond to a physical channel transmission. In some such embodiments, the physical channel transmission includes a DMRS.

[0016] In some embodiments, the one or more quality conditions include or correspond to a signal-to-noise ratio (SINR), a received signal reference power (RSRP), an energy metric, or a combination thereof.

[0017] In some embodiments, the method may include receiving, by the UE, a data transmission in response to the one or more transmissions, wherein the data transmission is received based on the one or more reference signal transmissions satisfying one or more conditions.

[0018] In some embodiments, the one or more conditions correspond to an interference RSRP condition, and the network entity does not send data when the interference RSRP is greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0019] In some embodiments, the one or more conditions correspond to a power-adjusted interference strength RSRP condition, and the network entity does not transmit data when the power-adjusted interference RSRP is greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0020] In some embodiments, the UE is operating in a full power transmit mode.In some such embodiments, the method may include transmitting, by the UE, power class information, nominal transmit power information, or both.

[0021] In some other embodiments, the UE is operating in a power control mode. In some such embodiments, the method may include transmitting, by the UE, current power headroom information. Additionally or alternatively, the method may include transmitting, by the UE, power headroom information. In some embodiments, the power headroom information is transmitted via an uplink control channel or an uplink data channel.

[0022] In some embodiments, the method may include calculating, by the UE, the power headroom information based on power usage in the current frequency band and independent of power usage on other frequency bands.

[0023] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity for a first frame, and the method may further include: receiving, by the UE, one or more second pre-authorization transmissions from the first network entity for a second frame; determining, by the UE, whether to send one or more second transmissions to the first network entity based on whether the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; and avoiding, by the UE, sending the one or more second transmissions to the first network entity based on the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions failing to satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

[0024] In some embodiments, the method may include: receiving, by the UE, one or more third pre-authorized transmissions from the second network entity for the second frame; determining, by the UE, whether to send one or more third transmissions to the second network entity based on whether the one or more third pre-authorized transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; and sending, by the UE, the one or more third transmissions to the second network entity based on whether the one or more third pre-authorized transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

[0025] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity for a first frame, and the method may further include: receiving, by the UE, one or more second pre-authorization transmissions from the first network entity for a second frame; sending, by the UE, one or more second transmissions to the first network entity based on whether the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; and monitoring, by the UE, a second data transmission from the first network entity during the second frame, wherein no data is received from the first network entity during the second frame.

[0026] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity for a specific frame, and the method may further include: receiving, by the UE, one or more second pre-authorization transmissions from a second network entity for the specific frame; sending, by the UE, one or more second transmissions to the second network entity based on whether the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; and monitoring, by the UE, a second data transmission from the second network entity during the specific frame, wherein no data is received from the second network entity during the specific frame.

[0027] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity, and the one or more pre-authorization transmissions include a downlink pre-authorization transmission and an uplink pre-authorization transmission, and the method may also include: the UE monitoring the one or more second transmissions based on the uplink pre-authorization transmission; the UE determining interference for each of the one or more second transmissions; the UE determining whether to send uplink data for each uplink pre-authorization transmission based on the interference for each second transmission; and the UE sending the second data via the corresponding beam based on determining that the interference meets the sending condition.

[0028] In some embodiments, the method may include determining interference based on each second transmitted reference signal.

[0029] In some embodiments, the method may include performing, by the UE, a channel sensing operation prior to receiving the one or more pre-grant transmissions.

[0030] In some embodiments, the method may include, prior to receiving the one or more pre-authorization transmissions, sending by the UE a capability message indicating that the UE is configured for frame-based operation in an unlicensed spectrum in the millimeter wave frequency range.

[0031] In some embodiments, the method may include receiving, by the UE from a network entity, a configuration message indicating a frame-based mode of operation prior to receiving the one or more pre-authorization transmissions.

[0032] In some embodiments, the method may include, prior to receiving the one or more pre-authorization transmissions, receiving, by the UE from a network entity, a configuration message indicating a particular type of frame-based operating mode.

[0033] In some embodiments, the method may include, prior to receiving the one or more pre-authorization transmissions, receiving, by the UE from the network entity, a second configuration message indicating a second specific frame-based operating mode.

[0034] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus configured for wireless communication. The apparatus includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to receive, via a UE, one or more pre-authorized transmissions, each of which is transmitted via a beam from a plurality of beams. The at least one processor is further configured to decode, via the UE, the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The at least one processor is further configured to determine, by the UE, whether the one or more decoded pre-authorized transmissions satisfy one or more quality conditions. The at least one processor is further configured to transmit, by the UE, the one or more transmissions based on determining that the one or more decoded pre-authorized transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

[0035] In some embodiments, the apparatus is configured to perform a method as in any of the above embodiments.

[0036] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus configured for wireless communication. The apparatus includes means for receiving, via a UE, one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam from a plurality of beams. The apparatus also includes means for decoding, by the UE, the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The apparatus also includes means for determining, by the UE, whether the one or more decoded pre-authorized transmissions satisfy one or more quality conditions. The apparatus also includes means for transmitting, by the UE, the one or more transmissions based on determining that the one or more decoded pre-authorized transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

[0037] In some embodiments, the apparatus is configured to perform a method as in any of the above embodiments.

[0038] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be embodied in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, by a UE, one or more pre-authorized transmissions, each pre-authorized transmission being transmitted via a beam from a plurality of beams, and decoding, by the UE, the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The operations also include determining, by the UE, whether the one or more decoded pre-authorized transmissions satisfy one or more quality conditions. The operations also include transmitting, by the UE, the one or more transmissions based on determining that the one or more decoded pre-authorized transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

[0039] In some embodiments, the processor is configured to perform a method as in any of the above embodiments.

[0040] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method of wireless communication. The method includes transmitting, by a network entity, one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam from a plurality of beams. The method also includes receiving, by the network entity, one or more transmissions in response to the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The method includes determining, by the network entity, interference for each of the one or more transmissions. The method also includes determining, by the network entity, whether to transmit data for the one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the interference for each transmission. The method also includes transmitting, by the network entity, data via a particular beam from the plurality of beams based on determining that the interference for the particular transmission from the one or more transmissions satisfies a transmission condition.

[0041] In some embodiments, determining the interference for each reference signal transmission includes: generating a beam interference value for a corresponding beam of each reference signal transmission in the one or more reference signal transmissions; comparing the beam interference value with a beam interference threshold; and determining whether to send data via a specific beam based on the corresponding beam interference value exceeding the beam interference threshold.

[0042] In some embodiments, generating the beam interference value includes multiplying transmit power and link gain to estimate the beam interference value.

[0043] In some embodiments, generating the beam interference value includes: determining an adjusted transmit power based on a transmit power setting and power headroom information; and multiplying the adjusted transmit power and a link gain to estimate the beam interference value, wherein the beam interference value is an adjusted strength of the interfering RSRP.

[0044] In some embodiments, transmitting, by the network entity, the one or more second reference signals includes transmitting a specific reference signal via each beam of a plurality of beams.

[0045] In some embodiments, the network entity is operating in time division multiplexing (TDM) mode, and the method may include: receiving, by the network entity, timing information indicating an occupied transmission time of a particular frame from a second network entity; and sending, by the network entity, data during another time period of the particular frame.

[0046] In some embodiments, the method may include refraining, by the network entity, from transmitting data during the occupied transmit time of the particular frame.

[0047] In some embodiments, the method may include: sending, by the network entity, a request message indicating a request for power headroom information to a second network entity; and receiving, by the network entity, a response message indicating the power headroom information from the second network entity.

[0048] In some embodiments, the method may include determining, by the network entity, type information indicating a type or category of the UE; and retrieving, by the network entity, power headroom information based on the type information.

[0049] In some embodiments, the method may include sending, by the network entity, frame configuration information indicating a transmission direction for each time slot of one or more frames.

[0050] In some embodiments, the method may include sending, by the network entity, dynamic frame configuration information indicating a transmission direction preference for each time slot of a particular frame.

[0051] In some embodiments, the method may include performing, by the network entity, a channel sensing operation prior to sending the one or more pre-authorization transmission operations.

[0052] In some embodiments, the method may include refraining, by the network entity, from performing a channel sensing operation corresponding to the data transmission. Additionally or alternatively, the data transmission is transmitted independently of the channel sensing operation.

[0053] In some embodiments, the network entity is operating in a licensed, unlicensed, or shared spectrum. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity is operating in a millimeter wave frequency range.

[0054] In some embodiments, the network entity is operating in a frame-based mode of operation. Additionally or alternatively, frames of the network entity are time-aligned with corresponding frames of one or more network entities. In some embodiments, frames of the frame-based operation have a fixed duration for one or more network entities.

[0055] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions include a UE-ID configured to indicate an intended UE for the one or more pre-authorization messages.

[0056] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-grant transmissions include or correspond to a PDCCH transmission. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more pre-grant transmissions include a DMRS.

[0057] In some embodiments, the one or more transmissions include or correspond to reference signal transmissions. In some such embodiments, the reference signal transmissions include or correspond to SRS transmissions, each SRS transmission including a UE-specific SRS. Additionally or alternatively, each SRS transmission is transmitted via a specific uplink beam from among the plurality of uplink beams.

[0058] In some embodiments, the one or more transmissions include or correspond to a physical channel transmission. In some such embodiments, the physical channel transmission includes a DMRS.

[0059] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus configured for wireless communication. The apparatus includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to, by a network entity, transmit one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam from a plurality of beams. The at least one processor is configured to, by the network entity, receive one or more transmissions in response to the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The at least one processor is configured to, by the network entity, determine interference for each of the one or more transmissions. The at least one processor is further configured to, by the network entity, determine whether to transmit data for the one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the interference for each transmission. The at least one processor is further configured to, by the network entity, transmit data via a particular beam from the plurality of beams based on determining that the interference for a particular transmission from the one or more transmissions satisfies a transmission condition.

[0060] In some embodiments, the apparatus is configured to perform a method as in any of the above embodiments.

[0061] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus configured for wireless communication. The apparatus includes means for transmitting, by a network entity, one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam from a plurality of beams. The apparatus also includes means for receiving, by the network entity, one or more transmissions in response to the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The apparatus also includes means for determining, by the network entity, interference for each of the one or more transmissions. The apparatus also includes means for determining, by the network entity, whether to transmit data for the one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the interference for each transmission. The apparatus also includes means for transmitting, by the network entity, data via a particular beam from the plurality of beams based on a determination that the interference for a particular transmission from the one or more transmissions satisfies a transmission condition.

[0062] In some embodiments, the apparatus is configured to perform a method as in any of the above embodiments.

[0063] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be embodied in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising: transmitting, by a network entity, one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam from a plurality of beams. The operations also include receiving, by the network entity, one or more transmissions in response to the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The operations also include determining, by the network entity, interference for each of the one or more transmissions. The operations also include determining, by the network entity, whether to transmit data for the one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the interference for each transmission. The operations also include transmitting, by the network entity, data via a particular beam from the plurality of beams based on determining that the interference for the particular transmission from the one or more transmissions satisfies a transmission condition.

[0064] In some embodiments, the processor is configured to perform a method as in any of the above embodiments.

[0065] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure may be implemented in a wireless communication method. The method includes receiving one or more pre-authorized transmissions by the UE. The method also includes monitoring one or more transmissions by the UE based on the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The method includes determining, by the UE, interference for each of the one or more second reference signal transmissions. The method also includes determining, by the UE, based on the interference for each second reference signal transmission, whether to send uplink data for the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The method also includes transmitting, by the UE, data via a corresponding beam based on determining that the interference satisfies a transmission condition.

[0066] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method of wireless communication. The method includes transmitting, by a network entity, one or more pre-authorized transmissions via a beam from a plurality of beams. The method also includes transmitting, by the network entity, one or more transmissions based on the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The method also includes receiving, by the network entity, a data transmission via a beam from the plurality of beams in response to the one or more transmissions.

[0067] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure may be implemented in a wireless communication method. The method includes receiving one or more pre-authorized transmissions by the UE. The method also includes sending one or more first reference signal transmissions by the UE based on the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The method includes receiving one or more second reference signal transmissions by the UE based on the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The method also includes determining, by the UE, interference for each of the one or more second reference signal transmissions. The method includes determining, by the UE, whether to send uplink data for the one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the interference for each second reference signal transmission. The method also includes receiving, by the UE, downlink data transmissions corresponding to the one or more first reference signal transmissions. The method also includes sending, by the UE, uplink data transmissions via a corresponding beam based on determining that the interference satisfies a transmission condition.

[0068] In some embodiments, determining whether to send uplink data for the one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the interference includes: generating a beam interference value for a corresponding beam of each reference signal transmission in the one or more reference signal transmissions; comparing the beam interference value with a beam interference threshold; and determining whether to send data via a specific beam based on the corresponding beam interference value exceeding the beam interference threshold.

[0069] In some embodiments, the one or more second reference signal transmissions include or correspond to channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) transmissions.

[0070] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a method of wireless communication. The method includes transmitting, by a network entity, one or more pre-authorization transmissions via a beam of a plurality of beams.

[0071] The method also includes receiving, by the network entity, one or more first reference signal transmissions based on the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The method also includes sending, by the network entity, one or more second reference signal transmissions based on the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The method also includes determining, by the network entity, interference for each of the one or more first reference signal transmissions. The method also includes determining, by the network entity, whether to send uplink data for the one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the interference for each first reference signal transmission. The method also includes sending, by the network entity, uplink data via a corresponding beam based on determining that the interference satisfies a transmission condition. The method also includes receiving, by the network entity, downlink data transmissions in response to the one or more second reference signal transmissions.

[0072] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are sent to multiple UEs, and the method may include: receiving, by the network entity, one or more first reference signal transmissions, each reference signal transmission including a UE-specific reference signal; identifying a first UE among the multiple UEs based on the first UE-specific reference signal; and identifying a second UE among the multiple UEs based on a second UE-specific reference signal.

[0073] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure may be implemented in a wireless communication method. The method includes receiving, by a UE, a first pre-authorization transmission, the first pre-authorization transmission comprising a DMRS. The method also includes, by the UE, monitoring one or more second pre-authorization transmissions based on the DMRS of the first pre-authorization transmission, the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions comprising a plurality of second DMRSs. The method includes determining, by the UE, interference based on the DMRS, the plurality of second DMRSs, or a combination thereof. The method also includes determining, by the UE, whether to send uplink data for the one or more pre-authorization transmissions based on the interference. The method also includes sending, by the UE, data via a corresponding beam based on determining that the interference satisfies a transmission condition.

[0074] In some embodiments, the method may include: receiving, by the UE, a third pre-authorization transmission, the third pre-authorization transmission including a third DMRS; determining, by the UE based on decoding the third DMRS, that the UE is not scheduled for transmission within a specific time period; and avoiding monitoring transmission or issuing transmission by the UE based on determining that the UE is not scheduled for transmission within the specific time period.

[0075] In some embodiments, the method may include entering, by the UE, a low power mode or a sleep mode based on determining that the UE is not scheduled for transmission within the specific time period.

[0076] In some embodiments, the method may include determining, by the UE, to monitor the one or more second pre-grant transmissions based on the DMRS indicating that the UE is scheduled to transmit or receive data within a specific time period.

[0077] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a method of wireless communication. The method includes receiving one or more pre-authorization transmissions, wherein each pre-authorization transmission is associated with a beam in a plurality of beams, and wherein the plurality of beams are in a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range. The method also includes decoding the one or more pre-authorization transmissions and determining whether the one or more decoded pre-authorization transmissions satisfy one or more quality conditions. The method includes sending one or more reference signals based on determining that the one or more decoded pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions. The method also includes receiving one or more authorization transmissions in response to the one or more reference signals, and receiving data transmissions based on the one or more authorization transmissions.

[0078] In some embodiments, the method may include refraining from performing channel sensing operations corresponding to the data transmission.

[0079] In some embodiments, the UE is operating in an unlicensed or shared spectrum.

[0080] In some embodiments, the UE is operating in a frame-based operation mode, the UE's frames are time-aligned with corresponding frames of one or more network entities, and the frames of the frame-based operation mode have a fixed duration for the one or more network entities.

[0081] In some embodiments, receiving the one or more pre-authorized transmissions includes receiving a first set of pre-authorized transmissions from a first network entity; and receiving a second set of pre-authorized transmissions from a second network entity.

[0082] In some embodiments, the first set of pre-authorized transmissions is received via a corresponding downlink beam of the first network entity.

[0083] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions include a UE-ID configured to indicate an intended UE for the one or more pre-authorization transmissions.

[0084] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-grant transmissions include or correspond to PDCCH transmissions, and each of the PDCCH transmissions includes a DMRS.

[0085] In some embodiments, the one or more reference signals include or correspond to SRS transmissions, each SRS transmission including a UE-specific SRS.

[0086] In some embodiments, each SRS transmission is sent via a corresponding uplink beam of a plurality of uplink beams.

[0087] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus configured for wireless communication. The apparatus includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to receive one or more pre-authorization transmissions, wherein each pre-authorization transmission is associated with a beam in a plurality of beams, and wherein the plurality of beams are in a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range. The at least one processor is further configured to decode the one or more pre-authorization transmissions and determine whether the one or more decoded pre-authorization transmissions satisfy one or more quality conditions. The at least one processor is further configured to send one or more reference signals based on determining that the one or more decoded pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions. The at least one processor is further configured to receive one or more authorization transmissions in response to the one or more reference signals, and to receive data transmissions based on the one or more authorization transmissions.

[0088] In some embodiments, the one or more quality conditions include or correspond to a SINR condition, an RSRP condition, an energy metric condition, or a combination thereof.

[0089] In some embodiments, the one or more quality conditions correspond to an interference RSRP condition, and wherein the network entity does not send data when the interference RSRP is greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0090] In some embodiments, the one or more quality conditions correspond to a power-adjusted interference strength RSRP condition, and the network entity does not send data when the power-adjusted interference RSRP is greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0091] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is further configured to transmit current power headroom information configured to enable network interference determination.

[0092] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity for a first frame, and the at least one processor is further configured to: receive one or more second pre-authorization transmissions from the first network entity for a second frame; determine whether to send one or more second reference signals to the first network entity based on whether the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; and avoid sending the one or more second reference signals to the first network entity based on the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions failing to satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

[0093] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is further configured to: receive one or more third pre-authorization transmissions from the second network entity for the second frame; determine whether to send one or more third reference signals to the second network entity based on whether the one or more third pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; and send the one or more third reference signals to the second network entity based on whether the one or more third pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

[0094] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity for a particular frame, and the at least one processor is further configured to: receive one or more second pre-authorization transmissions from a second network entity for the particular frame; send one or more second reference signals to the second network entity based on whether the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; and monitor for a second data transmission from the second network entity during the particular frame, wherein no data is received from the second network entity during the particular frame.

[0095] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity for a particular frame, and the at least one processor is further configured to: receive one or more second pre-authorization transmissions from a second network entity for the particular frame; and avoid sending a second reference signal to the second network entity based on the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions failing to satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

[0096] In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions include a downlink pre-authorization transmission and an uplink pre-authorization transmission, and the at least one processor is further configured to: monitor the one or more second reference signals based on the uplink pre-authorization transmission; determine interference for each of the one or more second reference signals; determine whether to send uplink data for each uplink pre-authorization transmission based on the interference for each second reference signal; and send second data via the corresponding beam based on determining that the interference satisfies the sending condition.

[0097] In some embodiments, the one or more second reference signals include or correspond to a downlink reference signal transmission, and the downlink reference signal transmission includes a CSI-RS transmission.

[0098] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in the present disclosure can be implemented in a method of wireless communication performed by an apparatus. The method includes sending one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam in a plurality of beams, and wherein the plurality of beams are in the mmWave frequency range. The method also includes receiving one or more reference signals in response to the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The method includes determining interference for each of the one or more reference signals, and determining whether to transmit data for the one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the interference for each reference signal. The method includes sending one or more authorized transmissions based on determining that interference for a particular reference signal in the one or more reference signals satisfies a transmission condition. The method also includes transmitting a data transmission via a particular beam in the plurality of beams based on the one or more authorized transmissions.

[0099] In some embodiments, determining the interference for each reference signal includes: generating a beam interference value for a corresponding beam transmitted for each of the one or more reference signals; comparing the beam interference value to a beam interference threshold; and determining whether to transmit the data via the particular beam based on the corresponding beam interference value exceeding the beam interference threshold.

[0100] In some embodiments, generating the beam interference value includes multiplying a transmit power of the UE and a link gain between the apparatus and the UE to estimate the beam interference value.

[0101] In some embodiments, generating the beam interference value includes: determining an adjusted transmit power based on a transmit power setting of the UE and power headroom information of the UE; and multiplying the adjusted transmit power and a link gain between the device and the UE to estimate the beam interference value, wherein the beam interference value is an adjusted RSRP interference value.

[0102] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in an apparatus configured for wireless communication. The apparatus includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to transmit one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam from a plurality of beams, and wherein the plurality of beams are in the millimeter wave frequency range; and receive one or more reference signals in response to the one or more pre-authorized transmissions. The at least one processor is further configured to determine interference for each of the one or more reference signals and determine whether to transmit data for the one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the interference for each reference signal.

[0103] The at least one processor is configured to send one or more grants to transmit based on determining that interference with a particular reference signal among the one or more reference signals satisfies a transmission condition. The at least one processor is further configured to transmit data via a particular beam among the plurality of beams based on the one or more grants to transmit.

[0104] In some embodiments, the device is a first network entity operating in a time division multiplexing (TDM) mode, and the at least one processor is further configured to: receive timing information indicating an occupied transmission time of a particular frame from a second network entity; send second data during another time period of the particular frame; and avoid sending the second data during the occupied transmission time of the particular frame.

[0105] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is further configured to send frame configuration information indicating a transmission direction for each time slot of one or more frames or dynamic frame configuration information indicating a transmission direction preference for each time slot of a particular frame.

[0106] In some embodiments, the at least one processor is further configured to refrain from performing channel sensing operations corresponding to the data transmission.

[0107] In some embodiments, the device is a network entity operating in a frame-based operation mode, wherein frames of the network entity are time-aligned with corresponding frames of one or more other network entities, and frames of the frame-based operation mode have a fixed duration for the one or more other network entities.

[0108] The details of one or more embodiments of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the following description. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0109] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing details of an exemplary wireless communication system.

[0110] Figure 2 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary design of a base station (BS) and user equipment (UE).

[0111] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame-based operation.

[0112] Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system implementing frame-based operation.

[0113] Figure 5is a ladder diagram illustrating an example of a process flow for a first example of frame-based operation.

[0114] Figure 6 is a ladder diagram illustrating an example of a processing flow for a second example of frame-based operation.

[0115] Figure 7 is a ladder diagram illustrating an example of a processing flow for a third example of frame-based operation.

[0116] Figure 8 is a ladder diagram illustrating an example of a processing flow for a fourth example of frame-based operation.

[0117] Figure 9 is a ladder diagram illustrating an example of a process flow for a fifth example of frame-based operation.

[0118] Figures 10A-10D is a diagram showing an example of downlink frame-based operation.

[0119] Figure 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of beam jamming.

[0120] Figures 12A-12D is a diagram showing an example of an uplink frame-based operation.

[0121] Figure 13 is a flow chart illustrating example blocks executed by a UE.

[0122] Figure 14 is a flow diagram illustrating example blocks executed by a network entity.

[0123] Figure 15 is a flow diagram illustrating another example of blocks executed by a UE.

[0124] Figure 16 is a flow diagram illustrating another example of blocks executed by a network entity.

[0125] Figure 17 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary design of a UE.

[0126] Figure 18 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary design of network entities.

[0127] Like reference numbers and designations throughout the various drawings refer to like elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0128] For the purpose of describing the innovative aspects of the present disclosure, the following description is directed to certain embodiments. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a variety of different ways. Some examples in the present disclosure are based on wireless and wired local area network (LAN) communications according to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 wireless standards, the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet network standard, and the IEEE 1901 Power Line Communication (PLC) standard. However, the described embodiments can be implemented in any device, system, and network capable of sending and receiving RF signals according to any of the wireless communication standards, including any of the following: IEEE 802.11 standards, Standard, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), GSM / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA), Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), 1xEV-DO, EV-DO Rev A, EV-DO Rev B, High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Evolved High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA+), Long Term Evolution (LTE), AMPS, or other known signals for transmission within a wireless, cellular or Internet of Things (IoT) network, such as a system utilizing 3G, 4G or 5G or further implementations thereof.

[0129] Wireless communication systems operated by different network entities can share spectrum. In some cases, two network entities can be configured to transmit to multiple user equipment (UEs). Therefore, to enable network entities to use more of the shared spectrum and to mitigate interfering communications between different network entities, devices can contend for the medium to avoid collisions and interference and achieve successful reception and decoding. Contention for the medium is often referred to as a contention process or performing a contention operation.

[0130] For example, multiple network entities and UEs may perform channel sensing procedures, such as a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure, before transmitting. As another example, one or more devices may signal their intent to transmit data during a specific time period. As yet another example, a device may utilize a random amount of time before blindly transmitting or performing other conventional contention operations.

[0131] However, conventional contention procedures may not be applicable to higher frequency signals (such as the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range) or to directional communications. For example, the narrowness and directional characteristics of the beams used with higher frequency signals and next-generation wireless networks can reduce the level of interference and the timing of interference. In addition, higher frequency signals and directional communications require more power to transmit and receive. Therefore, conventional contention procedures of conventional wireless networks designed to operate in non-millimeter wave spectrum (such as below 6 GHz) may not be efficient enough to be feasible when applied to higher frequency signals or directional communications.

[0132] Conventional contention procedures typically operate based on: contention operations based on the transmitter side (such as sensing based on the transmitter side). When operating in the millimeter wave spectrum, when using directional communication, or when both, sensing based on the transmitter side may not accurately reflect the interference caused by a specific transmission. In addition, such conventional procedures and transmitter-side sensing may not reflect the actual interference caused by the transmission or its impact on the transmission of other network devices. As an alternative, contention operations based on receiver-side confirmation can be used to better account for the narrow beam characteristics of high-frequency spectrum and directional communication. For illustration, a reference signal sent by the receiver side or the receiver can be sent to the transmitting device and used by the transmitting device to estimate interference for transmitter-side communication. When operating in a spectrum shared with multiple devices, such a receiver-side reference signal can more accurately indicate or reflect the interference profile that the transmission sent by the transmitter will face. In some embodiments, one or more receiving devices can send multiple reference signals so that the transmitting device can try to receive the reference signals using different beams. The transmitting device can send data using one or more beams that perform best for receiving the reference signal.

[0133] Certain embodiments of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. For example, by enabling receiver-based contention for higher frequency signals (such as millimeter waves), the network may more efficiently perform effective contention procedures. As another example, operation based on receiver-based frames may provide a more stable interference profile, which may result in better throughput due to better rate prediction. Additionally, the network may be able to operate in a frame-based mode of operation in both licensed and unlicensed spectrum.

[0134] The present disclosure generally relates to providing or participating in authorized shared access between two or more wireless communication systems (also referred to as wireless communication networks). In various embodiments, the technology and apparatus can be used for wireless communication networks, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) networks, time division multiple access (TDMA) networks, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) networks, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, 5th generation (5G) or new radio (NR) networks (sometimes referred to as "5G NR" networks / systems / equipment), and other communication networks. As used herein, the terms "network" and "system" can be used interchangeably.

[0135] A CDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) and Low Chip Rate (LCR). CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards.

[0136] TDMA networks can implement radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). 3GPP defines standards for the GSM EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) Radio Access Network (RAN), also referred to as GERAN. GERAN is the radio component of the GSM / EDGE network, combining base stations (e.g., Ater and Abis interfaces) and base station controllers (A interfaces, etc.). The radio access network (RAN) refers to the component of the GSM network through which telephone calls and packet data are routed from the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and the internet to subscriber handsets (also known as user terminals or user equipment (UE)), and from subscriber handsets to the PSTN and the internet. A mobile phone operator's network may include one or more GERANs, and in the case of UMTS / GSM networks, the GERAN may be coupled to the UTRAN. Additionally, an operator's network may include one or more LTE networks or one or more other networks. Various network types may utilize different radio access technologies (RATs) and radio access networks (RANs).

[0137] OFDMA networks can implement radio technologies such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA, E-UTRA, and GSM are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). Specifically, Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a version of UMTS that uses E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS, and LTE are described in documents provided by an organization called the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), while cdma2000 is described in documents provided by an organization called the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2). These different radio technologies and standards are either known or under development. For example, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration between a group of telecommunications associations that aims to define globally applicable third generation (3G) mobile phone specifications. 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 3GPP project aimed at improving the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile phone standard. 3GPP may define specifications for next-generation mobile networks, mobile systems, and mobile devices. Certain aspects of this disclosure may be described with reference to LTE, 4G, 5G, or NR technologies; however, the description is not intended to be limited to a particular technology or application, and one or more aspects described with reference to one technology may be understood to be applicable to another technology. Indeed, one or more aspects of this disclosure relate to shared access to wireless spectrum between networks using different radio access technologies or radio air interfaces.

[0138] 5G networks envision different deployments, different spectrums, and different services and devices that can be implemented using a unified air interface based on OFDM. To achieve these goals, in addition to developing new radio technologies for 5G NR networks, further enhancements to LTE and LTE-A are also being considered. 5G NR will be able to extend coverage (1) to networks with ultra-high density (e.g., about 1M nodes / km). 2 ), ultra-low complexity (e.g., about 10s of bits / second), ultra-low energy consumption (e.g., about 10+ years of battery life), and deep coverage to reach challenging locations; (2) including mission-critical control with strong security to protect sensitive personal, financial, or confidential information, ultra-high reliability (e.g., about 99.9999% reliability), ultra-low latency (e.g., about 1 millisecond (ms)), and users with extensive mobility or lack of mobility; and (3) provisioned with enhanced mobile broadband, including very high capacity (e.g., about 10Tbps / km 2 ), extremely high data rates (such as multi-Gbps rates, 100+Mbps user experience rates), and deep awareness with advanced discovery and optimization capabilities.

[0139] 5G NR devices, networks, and systems can be implemented to use optimized OFDM-based waveform features. These features may include scalable numerologies and transmit time intervals (TTIs); a general, flexible framework for efficiently multi-channeling services and features through dynamic, low-latency time division duplex (TDD) / frequency division duplex (FDD) designs; and advanced wireless technologies such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), robust mmWave transmission, advanced channel coding, and device-centric mobility. The scalability of numerologies and the extension of subcarrier spacing in 5G NR can effectively address the problem of operating different services in different spectrums and different deployments. For example, in various outdoor and macro coverage deployments of FDD / TDD implementations less than 3 GHz, a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz may be used, such as on bandwidths of 5, 10, and 20 MHz. For other various outdoor and small cell coverage deployments of TDD greater than 3 GHz, a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz may be used on 80 / 100 MHz bandwidths. For various other indoor broadband implementations, using TDD for the unlicensed portion of the band above 5 GHz, a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz may occur over a 160 MHz bandwidth. Finally, for various deployments using mmWave components transmitting with TDD at 28 GHz, a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz may occur over a 500 MHz bandwidth.

[0140] 5G NR's scalable parameter set facilitates scalable TTI to meet various latency and quality of service (QoS) requirements. For example, shorter TTI can be used for low latency and high reliability, while longer TTI can be used for higher spectral efficiency. Efficient multiplexing of long TTI and short TTI allows transmission to start on symbol boundaries. 5G NR also envisions an independent integrated subframe design with uplink / downlink scheduling information, data, and acknowledgment in the same subframe. Independent integrated subframes support communications in unlicensed or contention-based shared spectrum, and adaptive uplink / downlink can be flexibly configured on a per-cell basis to dynamically switch between uplink and downlink to meet current business needs.

[0141] For clarity, certain aspects of devices and techniques may be described below with reference to example 5G NR implementations or in a 5G-centric manner, and 5G terminology may be used as illustrative examples in portions of the description below; however, the description is not intended to be limited to 5G applications.

[0142] Furthermore, it should be understood that in operation, a wireless communication network adapted according to the concepts herein can operate using any combination of licensed or unlicensed spectrum, depending on load and availability. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the systems, apparatus, and methods described herein can be applied to other communication systems and applications beyond the specific examples provided.

[0143] Figure 1 1 is a block diagram illustrating details of an exemplary wireless communication system. The wireless communication system may include a wireless network 100. For example, the wireless network 100 may include a 5G wireless network. As will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, Figure 1 The components appearing in are likely to have relevant counterparts in other network arrangements, including, for example, cellular network arrangements and non-cellular network arrangements, such as device-to-device or peer-to-peer or ad hoc network arrangements, and the like.

[0144] Figure 1 The wireless network 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes multiple base stations 105 and other network entities. A base station can be a station that communicates with a UE and can be referred to as an evolved Node B (eNB), a next-generation eNB (gNB), an access point, or the like. Each base station 105 can provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to such a specific coverage area of ​​a base station or a base station subsystem serving that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. In embodiments of wireless network 100 herein, base stations 105 can be associated with the same operator or different operators, such as when wireless network 100 may include multiple operator wireless networks. In addition, in embodiments of wireless network 100 herein, base stations 105 can provide wireless communications using one or more of the same frequencies (such as one or more frequency bands in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination thereof) as neighboring cells. In some examples, each base station 105 or UE 115 can be operated by more than one network operating entity. In other examples, each base station 105 and UE 115 can be operated by a single network operating entity.

[0145] The base station 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell or a small cell (such as a pico cell or a femto cell) and / or other types of cells. A macro cell typically covers a relatively large geographic area (such as a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access to UEs that have a service subscription with the network provider. A small cell (such as a pico cell) will typically cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access to UEs that have a service subscription with the network provider. A small cell (such as a femto cell) will typically also cover a relatively small geographic area (such as a home) and, in addition to unrestricted access, may also provide unrestricted access to UEs associated with the femto cell (such as UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs of home users, etc.). A base station for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro base station. A base station for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell base station, a pico base station, a femto base station, or a home base station. In Figure 1 In the example shown in FIG, base stations 105d and 105e are general macro base stations, while base stations 105a-105c are macro base stations implemented using one of 3-dimensional (3D), full-dimensional (FD), or massive MIMO. Base stations 105a-105c can use their higher-dimensional MIMO capabilities to increase coverage and capacity using 3D beamforming in both elevation and azimuth beamforming. Base station 105f is a small cell base station, which can be a home base station or a portable access point. The base station can support one or more cells (such as two cells, three cells, four cells, etc.).

[0146] Wireless network 100 can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, base stations can have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations are approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, base stations can have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time. In some scenarios, the network can be enabled or configured to handle dynamic switching between synchronous or asynchronous operation.

[0147] UEs 115 are dispersed throughout wireless network 100, and each UE may be fixed or mobile. It should be understood that although mobile devices are often referred to as user equipment (UE) in standards and specifications promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such devices may also be referred to alternatively or otherwise by those skilled in the art as mobile stations (MS), subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals (ATs), mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, terminals, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or some other suitable terminology. Within this document, a "mobile" device or UE does not necessarily have mobile capabilities and may be fixed. Some non-limiting examples of mobile devices (such as may include implementations of one or more of UEs 115) include mobile phones, cellular (cell) phones, smartphones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, laptop computers, personal computers (PCs), notebook computers, netbooks, smartbooks, tablet computers, and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The mobile device may also be an "Internet of Things" (IoT) or "Internet of Everything" (IoE) device, such as a car or other vehicle, a satellite radio, a global positioning system (GPS) device, a logistics controller, a drone, a multi-copter, a quadcopter, smart energy or security equipment, a solar panel or solar array, municipal lighting, water or other infrastructure; industrial automation and enterprise equipment; consumer and wearable devices, such as glasses, wearable cameras, smart watches, health or fitness trackers, mammalian implantable devices, gesture tracking devices, medical devices, digital audio players (such as MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, etc.; and digital home or smart home devices, such as home audio, video and multimedia devices, appliances, sensors, vending machines, smart lighting, home security systems, smart meters, etc. In one aspect, the UE may be a device that includes a universal integrated circuit card (UICC). In another aspect, the UE may be a device that does not include a UICC. In some aspects, a UE that does not include a UICC may also be referred to as an IoE device. Figure 1 The UEs 115a-115d of the implementation shown in FIG are examples of mobile smartphone-type devices accessing the wireless network 100. A UE may be a machine specifically configured for connected communications, including machine type communications (MTC), enhanced MTC (eMTC), narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), etc. Figure 1 The UEs 115e-115k shown in FIG are examples of various machines configured for communication accessing the 5G network 100.

[0148] A mobile device such as UE 115 may be able to communicate with any type of base station, whether macro, pico, femto, repeater, etc. Figure 1 , communication links (represented as lightning lines) indicate wireless transmissions between a UE and a serving base station (which is a base station designated to serve the UE on the downlink or uplink), or desired transmissions between base stations and backhaul transmissions between base stations. Backhaul communications between base stations of wireless network 100 can occur using wired or wireless communication links.

[0149] In operation at the 5G network 100, base stations 105a-105c use 3D beamforming and coordinated spatial techniques (such as coordinated multipoint (CoMP) or multi-connectivity) to serve UEs 115a and 115b. Macro base station 105d performs backhaul communications with base stations 105a-105c and small cell base station 105f. Macro base station 105d can transmit multicast services that are subscribed to and received by UEs 115c and 115d. Such multicast services may include mobile TV or streaming video, or may include other services for providing community information, such as weather emergencies or alerts, such as Amber Alerts or Gray Alerts.

[0150] The wireless network 100 of the embodiment supports mission-critical communications with ultra-reliable and redundant links for mission-critical devices, such as UE 115e, which is a drone. The redundant communication links with UE 115e include those from macro base stations 105d and 105e, as well as small cell base station 105f. Other machine-type devices, such as UE 115f (a thermometer), UE 115g (a smart meter), and UE 115h (a wearable device), can communicate directly with base stations (such as small cell base station 105f and macro base station 105e) over the wireless network 100, or in a multi-hop configuration by communicating with another user device that relays its information to the network, such as UE 115f transmitting temperature measurement information to the smart meter (UE 115g), which is then reported to the network via small cell base station 105f. The 5G network 100 may also provide additional network efficiency via dynamic, low-latency TDD / FDD communications, such as in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) mesh network between UEs 115i-115k communicating with a macro base station 105e.

[0151] Figure 2 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary design of a base station (BS) 105 and a UE 115. The base station 105 and the UE 115 may be Figure 1 For a restricted association scenario (as described above), the base station 105 can be Figure 1The small cell base station 105f in the base station 105f, and the UE 115 may be the UE 115c or 115d operating in the service area of ​​the base station 105f, which will be included in the list of accessible UEs of the small cell base station 105f in order to access the small cell base station 105f. In addition, the base station 105 may be some other type of base station. Figure 2 As shown in FIG, the base station 105 may be equipped with antennas 234a through 234t, and the UE 115 may be equipped with antennas 252a through 252r to facilitate wireless communication.

[0152] At the base station 105, the transmit processor 220 may receive data from a data source 212 and control information from the controller / processor 240. The control information may be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH), the physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), the physical hybrid ARQ (automatic repeat request) indicator channel (PHICH), the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), the enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH), the MTC physical downlink control channel (MPDCCH), etc. The data may be for the PDSCH, etc. The transmit processor 220 may process (such as coding and symbol mapping) the data and control information separately to obtain data symbols and control symbols. In addition, the transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS), the secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and the cell-specific reference signal. The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing on the data symbols, control symbols, or reference symbols (if applicable) and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) 232a through 232t. For example, the spatial processing performed on data symbols, control symbols, or reference symbols may include precoding. Each modulator 232 may process a respective output symbol stream (such as for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 may additionally or alternatively process the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. For example, to process the output sample stream, each modulator 232 may convert the output sample stream to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The downlink signals from modulators 232a to 232t may be transmitted via antennas 234a to 234t, respectively.

[0153] At the UE 115, antennas 252a through 252r can receive downlink signals from the base station 105 and can provide received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254a through 254r, respectively. Each demodulator 254 can condition the respective received signal to obtain input samples. For example, to condition the respective received signal, each demodulator 254 can filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize the respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 254 can further process the input samples (such as for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 can obtain received symbols from the demodulators 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols (if applicable), and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 can process the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 115 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 280. For example, to process the detected symbols, the receive processor 258 can demodulate, deinterleave, and decode the detected symbols.

[0154] On the uplink, at the UE 115, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 (such as for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)) and control information from a controller / processor 280 (such as for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)). Additionally, the transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 (if applicable), further processed by modulators 254a through 254r (such as for SC-FDM), and transmitted to the base station 105. At the base station 105, the uplink signal from the UE 115 may be received by the antenna 234, processed by the demodulator 232, detected by the MIMO detector 236 (if applicable), and further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by the UE 115. The receive processor 238 may provide decoded data to a data sink 239 and decoded control information to a controller / processor 240 .

[0155] The controllers / processors 240 and 280 may direct the operation at the base station 105 and the UE 115, respectively. The controller / processor 240 or other processors and modules at the base station 105, or the controller / processor 280 or other processors and modules at the UE 115, may perform or direct the execution of various processes for the techniques described herein, such as performing or directing the execution of the various processes described in the present invention. Figure 9and 10, and / or other processes for the techniques described herein. Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for base station 105 and UE 115, respectively. Scheduler 244 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink or uplink.

[0156] In some cases, the UE 115 and the base station 105 may operate in a shared radio frequency spectrum band (which may include licensed or unlicensed (such as contention-based) spectrum). In the unlicensed frequency portion of the shared radio frequency spectrum band, the UE 115 or base station 105 may traditionally perform a medium sensing procedure to contend for access to the spectrum. For example, the UE 115 or base station 105 may perform a listen-before-talk or listen-before-transmit (LBT) procedure (such as an idle channel assessment (CCA)) before communicating to determine whether the shared channel is available. CCA may include an energy detection procedure to determine whether there are any other active transmissions. For example, the device may infer that a change in the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the power meter indicates that the channel is occupied. Specifically, a signal power that is concentrated in a certain bandwidth and exceeds a predetermined noise floor may indicate another wireless transmitter. In some embodiments, CCA may include detection of a specific sequence for indicating use of the channel. For example, another device may send a specific preamble signal before sending a data sequence. In some cases, the LBT procedure may include the wireless node adjusting its own backoff window based on the amount of energy detected on the channel or acknowledgement / negative acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) feedback for packets it itself sent as a proxy for collisions.

[0157] Using medium sensing procedures to contend for access to unlicensed shared spectrum may result in communication inefficiencies. This may be particularly evident when multiple network operating entities (such as network operators) are trying to access shared resources. In the 5G network 100, the base station 105 and the UE 115 may be operated by the same or different network operating entities. In some examples, a separate base station 105 or UE 115 may be operated by more than one network operating entity. In other examples, each base station 105 and UE 115 may be operated by a single network operating entity. Requiring each base station 105 and UE 115 of a different network operating entity to contend for shared resources may result in increased signaling overhead and communication latency.

[0158] Additionally, when operating in millimeter wave spectrum, when using directional communications, or both, conventional transmitter-side based sensing contention procedures may not accurately reflect the interference caused by a particular transmission. Therefore, such conventional procedures and transmitter-side sensing may not reflect or take into account the actual interference caused by the transmission or its impact on the transmissions of other network devices. Alternatively, contention operations based on receiver-side confirmation can be used to better account for the narrow beam characteristics of high-frequency spectrum and directional communications, and reduce or eliminate network overhead for medium sensing. To illustrate, when interference is determined based on a received reference signal, the transmitting device can better estimate the interference for the output transmission. The transmitting device can then perform contention operations, i.e., determine whether to transmit, based on the improved interference estimate. Determining the transmission based on the estimated interference at the receiving device can enable the transmitting device to transmit without the overhead and latency caused by transmitter-side contention operations.

[0159] Figure 3 is a diagram showing an example of frame-based operation. Figure 3 , a timing diagram 300 is shown. The timing diagram 300 shows the timing of two network entities (such as a first base station 305a and a second base station 305b) for three frames 322-326. During frames 322-326, one or more devices of the network may contend for the medium. For illustration, one or more base stations, one or more UEs, or both may signal an intention to transmit during a frame.

[0160] like Figure 3 As shown in the example of , each of frames 322-326 includes a contention period 310 and a data transmission period 312. The contention period (CP) may also be considered or referred to as a contention window. The data transmission period 312 may also be considered or referred to as a data transmission window or transmission opportunity (TXOP). Devices contend for the medium during the corresponding contention period 310 and the data transmission period 312.

[0161] exist Figure 3 In the example shown in FIG, a first base station 305a and a second base station 305b contend for the medium during a contention period 310 of a first frame 322. The first base station 305a is successful and transmits data, receives data, or both during a corresponding data transmission period 312 of the first frame 322. The second base station 305b is unsuccessful and does not transmit data or receive data during the corresponding data transmission period 312 of the first frame 322.

[0162] The first base station 305a and the second base station 305b contend for the medium during the contention period 310 of the second frame 324. Both the first base station 305a and the second base station 305b are successful, and both transmit data, receive data, or both during the corresponding data transmission period 312 of the second frame 324. Alternatively, both the first base station 305a and the second base station 305b may be unsuccessful, and both may avoid transmitting data. In contention operation based on LBT, similar to the result shown in the first frame 322, one device (the base station) wins the medium, and all other devices avoid transmitting. Compared to contention operation based on LBT, some aspects of the various aspects described herein enable multiple devices to "win" the medium and transmit. For example, the features of the independent claims enable multiple devices to "win" the medium and transmit because actual interference or receiver-side interference is used instead of estimated interference or transmitter-side interference to make transmission decisions (contention decisions). To illustrate, in the case of channel sensing, if one device is transmitting, the other device will not transmit if it detects energy in the channel. However, in the case of receiver-based contention, if multiple receiving devices can receive communications concurrently, multiple sending devices can send at the same time (same sending window). Additionally, in some embodiments, no device can "win" the medium and send.

[0163] The first base station 305a and the second base station 305b contend for the medium during the contention period 310 of the third frame 326. The first base station 305a is unsuccessful and does not transmit data or receive data during the corresponding data transmission period 312 of the third frame 326. The second base station 305b is successful and transmits data, receives data, or both during the corresponding data transmission period 312 of the third frame 326. Although the downlink transmission and contention have been described with respect to only the base stations, the contention period 310 of the first base station 305a and the second base station 305b are not successful and do not transmit data or receive data during the corresponding data transmission period 312 of the third frame 326. Figure 3 , but in some other embodiments, UEs may contend for the medium in addition to or instead of a base station.

[0164] The frames 322-326 of the timing diagram 300 may have fixed periods and durations. That is, each frame in the frames 322-326 takes up the same amount of time as each other frame, and the frames 322-326 repeat in the same pattern, timing, or both. Additionally or alternatively, the frames 322-326 of different devices may be time aligned, such as Figure 3 . For illustration, the first frame 322 for the first base station 305a begins and ends at the same time as the first frame 322 for the second base station 305b. Fixed period and duration frames can provide easier synchronization and reduce conflicts between the network and its devices. Similarly, time-aligned frames can provide easier synchronization and reduced conflicts between the network and its devices.

[0165] The systems and methods described herein relate to frame-based operations and contention procedures based on receiving devices. Such operations and procedures can be applicable to unlicensed or shared spectrum as well as licensed spectrum. In addition, such operations and procedures can implement enhanced operations in high-frequency spectrum (such as millimeter wave frequency). Interference estimation based on the receiving device or side better takes into account the narrow beam characteristics of high-frequency spectrum and directional communication. For illustration, the transmitting device can use a reference signal sent by the receiver side or receiver to estimate the interference for the transmitter-side communication. When operating in a spectrum shared with multiple devices, such a receiver-side reference signal can more accurately indicate or reflect the interference profile that the transmission sent by the transmitter will face. With improved interference estimation and profile, devices can send and receive data more efficiently. In addition, when such estimates are used for contention procedures instead of transmitter-side energy sensing, multiple devices can determine that they can use the medium simultaneously. Therefore, throughput can be increased by enabling concurrent transmission.

[0166] Frame-based operation and receiving device-based contention procedures can implement improved power efficiency and battery life in millimeter wave frequencies and in next-generation wireless networks. Reducing or eliminating transmitter-side contention operations (such as channel sensing) can reduce power consumption and increase battery life.

[0167] Figure 4 An example of a wireless communication system 400 that supports receiver-side frame-based operation is shown. In some examples, the wireless communication system 400 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 400 can include a network entity 105 (such as a base station 105), a UE 115, and optionally a second network entity 405 (such as a second base station 105 or a second TRP of the base station 105), a second UE 401, or both. Receiver-side frame-based operation can implement efficient frame-based operation in high-frequency spectrum. Reducing or eliminating transmitter-side contention operations (such as channel sensing, backoff delay, etc.) can reduce network overhead and increase throughput by reducing or eliminating unused time slots and allowing devices to transmit earlier in the time slot. In addition, compared to energy-based contention operation, interference-based contention operation can reduce network overhead and increase throughput by allowing multiple devices to transmit in the same time slot when interference is deemed acceptable or will not cause reception failure.

[0168] Additionally, receiver-side frame-based operation provides a more stable interference profile, which leads to improved rate prediction. Leveraging the directional and narrow beam characteristics of directional communications, the receiver-side reference signal provides better and more accurate interference estimates. These improved interference estimates can be used to construct more accurate interference profiles that are not based on less accurate transmitter-side estimates and transient interference at the transmitter. Using more accurate and stable interference profiles enables devices to make more accurate rate predictions and utilize higher rates. This improved rate prediction increases throughput and reliability, and reduces latency.

[0169] The network entity 105 and the UE 115 can be configured to communicate via one or more portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating frequency bands have been identified as frequency range labels FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes arises with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz), which is identified as a "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0170] In view of the above, unless otherwise specified, it should be understood that if the term "sub-6 GHz" is used herein, it can be broadly referred to as a frequency that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specified, it should be understood that if the term "millimeter wave" is used herein, it can be broadly referred to as a frequency that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, or can be within the EHF band.

[0171] Note that for some data channels, the subcarrier spacing (SCS) may be equal to 15, 30, 60, or 120 kHz. The network entity 105 and the UE 115 may be configured to communicate via one or more component carriers (CCs), such as a representative first CC 481, a second CC 482, a third CC 483, and a fourth CC 484. Although four CCs are shown, this is for illustration only, as more or fewer than four CCs may be used. One or more CCs may be used to transmit a PDCCH, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0172] In some embodiments, such transmissions may be scheduled by a dynamic grant. In some other embodiments, such transmissions may be scheduled by one or more periodic grants and may correspond to a semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) grant or a configured grant in one or more periodic grants. Both the dynamic grant and the periodic grant may be preceded or indicated by a pre-authorization transmission or a message with a UE identifier (UE-ID). In some embodiments, the pre-authorization transmission may include a UE-ID. The pre-authorization transmission or UE-ID message may be configured to activate one or more UEs so that the UE will transmit a first reference signal, listen / monitor a second reference signal, or both. The pre-authorization transmission or UE-ID message may be issued during a contention period (such as contention period 310) and initiate a contention procedure.

[0173] Each periodic grant may have a corresponding configuration, such as configuration parameters / settings. The periodic grant configuration may include SPS configuration and settings. Additionally or alternatively, one or more periodic grants (such as their SPS grants) may have or be assigned a CC ID, such as an expected CC ID.

[0174] Each CC may have a corresponding configuration, such as configuration parameters / settings. The configuration may include bandwidth, bandwidth fraction, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) processing, TCI state, RS, control channel resources, data channel resources, or a combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, one or more CCs may have or be assigned a cell ID, a bandwidth fraction (BWP) ID, or both. The cell ID may include a unique cell ID for the CC, a virtual cell ID, or a specific cell ID for a specific CC among multiple CCs. Additionally or alternatively, one or more CCs may have or be assigned a HARQ ID. Each CC may also have corresponding management functions, such as beam management, BWP switching functions, or both. In some embodiments, two or more CCs are quasi-co-located so that the CCs have the same beam or the same symbol.

[0175] In some embodiments, the control information may be transmitted via the network entity 105 and the UE 115. For example, the control information may be transmitted using a MAC-CE transmission, an RRC transmission, a DCI transmission, another transmission, or a combination thereof.

[0176] The UE 115 includes a processor 402, a memory 404, a transmitter 410, a receiver 412, an encoder 413, a decoder, a frame-based operation manager 415, an interference calculator 416, and antennas 252a-r. The processor 402 may be configured to execute instructions stored at the memory 404 to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, the processor 402 includes or corresponds to the controller / processor 280, and the memory 404 includes or corresponds to the memory 282. The memory 404 may also be configured to store downlink (DL) reference signal data 406, uplink (UL) reference signal data 408, interference data 442, settings data 444, or a combination thereof, as further described herein.

[0177] The DL reference signal data 406 includes or corresponds to a downlink reference signal associated with the UE 115. For illustration, the DL reference signal data 406 may include a reference signal for the UE 115, such as a reference signal to be sent in the downlink direction. For example, the DL reference signal is sent by a network entity to the UE and is used by the UE to estimate UL interference. In some embodiments, the DL reference signal data 406 includes a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS). The UL reference signal data 408 includes or corresponds to an uplink reference signal for the network entity 105, the second network entity 405, or both. For illustration, the UL reference signal data 408 may include a reference signal sent by the UE 115 and used to estimate DL interference. In some embodiments, the UL reference signal data 408 includes a UE-specific sounding reference signal (SRS) or a DMRS.

[0178] Interference data 442 includes or corresponds to data indicating one or more interference values ​​for links associated with UE 115. For example, interference data 442 may include determined interference values, estimated interference values, adjusted interference values, or a combination thereof for one or more links. In some embodiments, the adjusted interference values ​​include or correspond to power headroom adjustment values. Interference data 442 may indicate interference values ​​in both the UL and DL directions. Additionally or alternatively, interference data 442 may include interference thresholds. Settings data 444 includes or corresponds to data used by UE 115 to determine a frame-based operating mode, interference mode, transmission type mode, and the like.

[0179] The transmitter 410 is configured to send data to one or more other devices, and the receiver 412 is configured to receive data from one or more other devices. For example, the transmitter 410 can send data via a network such as a wired network, a wireless network, or a combination thereof, and the receiver 412 can receive data via a network such as a wired network, a wireless network, or a combination thereof. For example, the UE 115 can be configured to send or receive data via a direct device-to-device connection, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a modem-to-modem connection, the Internet, an intranet, an extranet, a cable transmission system, a cellular communication network, any combination of the above, or any other communication network now known or later developed that allows two or more electronic devices to communicate therein. In some embodiments, the transmitter 410 and the receiver 412 can be replaced by a transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 410, the receiver 412, or both can include or correspond to a reference Figure 2 One or more components of UE 115 are described.

[0180] The encoder 413 and the decoder 414 can be configured to perform encoding and decoding, respectively, such as encoding or decoding a transmission. The frame-based operation manager 415 can be configured to perform frame-based operations for millimeter wave spectrum, licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination thereof. The frame-based operation can include a receiver-side or receiver-based contention procedure. For example, the receiver-side contention procedure includes a signal issued by the receiving device to resolve access to the medium and a contention procedure. Such a receiver-side frame-based operation procedure enables frame-based operation to be extended to millimeter wave and unlicensed spectrum and implement enhanced functionality compared to the transmitter-side frame-based operation procedure.

[0181] Interference calculator 416 may be configured to determine or estimate interference for a link. For example, UE 115 calculates interference for uplink transmissions, downlink transmissions, or both between UE 115 and a particular network entity. Figure 11 The details of the interference determination are further described. The second UE 401 may include one or more components of the UE 115 and may be configured to perform similar operations as the UE 115. For example, the second UE 401 may include one or more of 402, 404, 406, 408, 410-416, 442, or 444.

[0182] The network entity 105 includes a processor 430, a memory 432, a transmitter 434, a receiver 436, an encoder 437, a decoder 438, a frame-based operation manager 439, an interference calculator 440, and antennas 234a-t. The processor 430 may be configured to execute instructions stored at the memory 432 to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, the processor 430 includes or corresponds to the controller / processor 240, and the memory 432 includes or corresponds to the memory 242. The memory 432 may be configured to store the DL reference signal data 406, the UL reference signal data 408, the interference data 442, the setting data 444, or a combination thereof, similar to the UE 115 and as further described herein.

[0183] The transmitter 434 is configured to send data to one or more other devices, and the receiver 436 is configured to receive data from one or more other devices. For example, the transmitter 434 can send data via a network such as a wired network, a wireless network, or a combination thereof, and the receiver 436 can receive data via a network such as a wired network, a wireless network, or a combination thereof. For example, the network entity 105 can be configured to send or receive data via a direct device-to-device connection, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a modem-to-modem connection, the Internet, an intranet, an extranet, a cable transmission system, a cellular communication network, any combination of the above, or any other communication network now known or later developed that allows two or more electronic devices to communicate therein. In some embodiments, the transmitter 434 and the receiver 436 can be replaced by a transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 434, the receiver 436, or both can include or correspond to reference Figure 2 4. The encoder 437 and the decoder 438 may include the same functionality as described with reference to the encoder 413 and the decoder 438, respectively. The frame-based operation manager 439 and the interference calculator 440 may include similar functionality as described with reference to the frame-based operation manager 415 and the interference calculator 416, respectively.

[0184] During operation of the wireless communication system 400, the network entity 105 may determine that the UE 115 is capable of receiver-side frame-based operation. For example, the UE 115 may send a message 448, such as a capability message, including a receiver-side frame-based operation indicator 472. The indicator 472 may indicate the receiver-side frame-based operation capability or a specific type of receiver-side frame-based operation, such as DL-only, UL-only, or mixed (such as UL and DL). In some embodiments, the network entity 105 issues control information to indicate to the UE 115 that the receiver-side frame-based operation is to be used. For example, in some embodiments, the message 448 (or another message, such as a response or trigger message) is sent by the network entity 105.

[0185] exist Figure 4 In the example of FIG4 , the network entity 105 sends an optional configuration transmission 450. The configuration transmission 450 may include or indicate a receiver-side frame-based operational configuration, such as the settings data 444. The configuration transmission 450 (such as its settings data 444) may indicate interference thresholds, power settings, frame types, frame timing, etc.

[0186] For example, configuration transmission 450 (such as its setting data 444) may include frame configuration information indicating a transmit direction for each time slot of one or more frames or dynamic frame configuration information indicating a transmit direction preference for each time slot of a particular frame. Such information may enable increased coordination between devices and indicate when (i.e., what time slot) to use receiver-based sensing.

[0187] As another example, a second network entity (similar to network entity 105) configuration transmission 450 (such as its setup data 444) may include timing information indicating an occupied transmission time for a particular frame.

[0188] After the transmission of the message 448, the configuration transmission 450 (such as an RRC message or DCI), or both, the contention procedure for the medium may begin. Figure 4 In the example of Figure 3The pre-authorization transmission 462 is sent during the contention period 310 of the UE. In some embodiments, the network entity 105 avoids performing channel sensing before sending the pre-authorization transmission 462, or sends the pre-authorization transmission independently of channel sensing. To illustrate, when using higher frequencies, directional communication, or both, channel sensing performed by the network entity or transmitting device may not provide much power cost benefit. In addition, channel sensing performed by the network entity or transmitting device may increase overhead and reduce throughput. The contention procedure can be based on (such as only based on) a received reference signal and independent of transmitter-side channel sensing. The pre-authorization transmission 462 may include or correspond to a control channel transmission, such as a PDCCH, PUCCH, or PSCCH transmission. For example, the pre-authorization transmission 462 may include or correspond to a DCI, UCI, or MAC-CE.

[0189] UE 115 receives pre-authorization transmission 462 and may transmit a reference signal 464 (such as a first reference signal or a UL reference signal) in response to pre-authorization transmission 462. For example, when pre-authorization transmission 462 indicates or authorizes DL traffic or mixed traffic, UE 115 may transmit a reference signal 464 (such as a first reference signal or a UL reference signal) in a contention period (such as Figure 3 As another example, the pre-authorization transmission 462 includes a reference signal such as a DMRS, and the UE 115 determines whether to transmit the reference signal 464 during the contention period (such as the contention period 310) based on the reference signal of the pre-authorization transmission 462. Figure 3 Reference signal 464 is transmitted during contention period 310 of the UE 115. For example, UE 115 estimates the quality or interference of pre-authorized transmission 462 (such as its reference signal), and UE 115 transmits reference signal 464 based on whether the quality or interference of pre-authorized transmission 462 satisfies a corresponding condition. Transmitting a reference signal based on a condition enables the transmitting device to know which beam or beams are feasible for reception by UE 115. Such an operation can effectively filter the beams from which the transmitting device will select and evaluate for downlink data transmission.

[0190] The condition may include or correspond to one or more thresholds, such as quality or interference thresholds. The threshold may be statically configured, semi-statically configured, or dynamically configured. For example, when statically configured, the threshold may be set by the network, region, or standard. The threshold may be set when connected to the network or before connected to the network (such as in configuration transmission 450). When semi-statically configured, multiple thresholds may be set by the network, region, or standard, and the UE may determine which value to use based on which value is most recently received or one or more other UE-based determinations (such as channel quality, UE type, etc.). Multiple thresholds may be received over time (such as in configuration transmission 450) when connected to the network or while the UE is connected. When dynamically configured, the threshold may be indicated or included in a message sent in scheduling or configuration data. For example, each pre-authorization transmission may indicate the corresponding threshold to be used.

[0191] The network entity 105 receives the reference signal 464 and may send a data transmission 468 (such as a first data transmission or a DL data transmission) in response to the reference signal 464. For example, the UE 115 sends an SRS transmission, the network entity 105 estimates DL interference based on the SRS transmission, and the network entity 105 sends the DL data transmission based on the determined DL interference. In some other embodiments, the UE 115 sends a transmission including a DMRS (such as a DMRS transmission), and the network entity 105 estimates DL interference based on the DMRS. In some embodiments, the DL data transmission (such as the data transmission 468) may be signaled or scheduled via a corresponding grant transmission. For example, the network entity 105 may send a PDCCH transmission (such as a DCI) that signals the DL data transmission.

[0192] Additionally or alternatively, the UE 115 may listen to or monitor a second reference signal 466 (such as a DL reference signal) in response to the pre-grant transmission 462. For example, when the pre-grant transmission 462 indicates or authorizes UL traffic or mixed traffic, the network entity 105 transmits the second reference signal 466 (such as a CSI-RS) and the UE 115 monitors the second reference signal 466. The second reference signal 466 (such as a DL reference signal) may enable the network entity 105 to use receiver-side sensing for uplink transmissions.

[0193] In such an embodiment, UE 115 receives a second reference signal 466 and may send a second data transmission 470 (such as an UL data transmission) in response to the second reference signal 466. For example, network entity 105 sends a CSI-RS transmission, UE 115 estimates UL interference based on the CSI-RS transmission, and UE 115 sends an UL data transmission based on the determined UL interference. Since the reference signal is a defined signal, the device can compare the received reference signal with a stored version of the reference signal to estimate quality, interference, or both. Additionally or alternatively, the interference includes or corresponds to beamforming interference. Beamforming interference can be generated based on transmit power and link gain, as described with respect to FIG. Figure 11 Described in detail.

[0194] It can be used in TXOP or data transmission window (such as Figure 3 312). For example, the transmitting device may transmit during the TXOP based on a contention success when the transmitting device determines that interference caused by the transmission will not adversely affect other transmissions by more than a threshold amount. To illustrate, the transmitting device may compare an estimated interference value to a threshold and transmit at any time during the window when the estimated interference value is less than or equal to the threshold. As another example, conventional scheduling operations may be used to schedule transmissions during the TXOP. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a dynamic grant or a PDCCH, and the UE 115 may transmit an acknowledgment or a PUCCH in response to the dynamic grant or the PDCCH.

[0195] In some embodiments, network entities 105 and 405 may exchange or communicate setting data 444. For example, setting data 444 may include UE power class information or UE power headroom information, and one network entity may send such information to another network entity. For example, second network entity 405 may receive UE power headroom information for UE 115 from UE 115 or a database, and second network entity 405 may send the UE power headroom information to network entity 105. Thus, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 11 As further described, a network entity may be able to determine or estimate power-adjusted interference.

[0196] As another example, the configuration data 444 may include TDM data. For illustration, when operating in TDM mode, when a transmission by a network entity among the plurality of network entities causes excessive DL interference to one of the UEs (such as interference greater than a threshold), the network entity may refrain from transmitting, and the network entity may transmit at all other times (such as when the transmission by the network entity does not cause excessive DL interference to any of the UEs). Thus, since such interference information may not be determinable by the network entity, the network entity may receive such interference information, timing information of pending transmissions, or both from other network entities (such as via a backhaul connection).

[0197] In some embodiments where the pre-grant transmission includes a DMRS, the UE 115 will detect whether a particular pre-grant transmission (such as a first pre-grant transmission) indicates that the UE 115 is scheduled to transmit or receive data. Based on being scheduled, the UE 115 monitors for other DMRS from other gNBs, such as based on pre-set parameters or RRC configurable parameters. Other DMRS may or may not be included in the pre-grant transmission. For example, the second DMRS may be included in a second pre-grant transmission, in other physical channel transmissions, or a combination thereof. Alternatively, if the UE does not detect a particular pre-grant transmission, the UE 115 may refrain from taking other actions on the frame or portion of the frame. For example, the UE 115 may not monitor incoming transmissions, may not generate or send outgoing transmissions, or may enter a low-power or sleep mode.

[0198] Figure 5 is a ladder diagram showing an example of a process flow for a first example of frame-based operation. Figure 5 , showing a process flow 500 that supports frame-based operations according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow 500 can implement various aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or 400. For example, a network entity and a UE (such as a base station 105 and a UE 115) can perform one or more of the processes described with reference to the process flow 500. The base station 105 can communicate with the UE 115 by sending and receiving signals via a TRP. The following alternative examples can be implemented, in which some of the steps are performed in a different order than described or not performed at all. In some cases, the steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or additional steps may be added.

[0199] At 510, the base station 105 may generate a pre-authorized transmission. The generating may include generating a UE-ID for the pre-authorized transmission. The generating may also include assigning the pre-authorized transmission to a specific beam, such as determining or selecting beamforming parameters for each pre-authorized transmission.

[0200] At 515, the base station 105 may send the generated pre-grant transmission to the UE 115. The pre-grant transmission may be sent on a PDCCH from the TRP of the base station 105. The pre-grant transmission may schedule an upcoming PDSCH transmission and may include other control information. The other control information may typically include configuration information for a PDSCH transmission or a downlink transmission. In some embodiments, the pre-grant transmission includes or corresponds to a low code rate PDCCH transmission. The low code rate PDCCH transmission may include or correspond to a transmission having a code rate that can be decoded by a UE with the lowest code rate capability (and thus the PDCCH is decodable by all UEs). Additionally, in some other embodiments, the base station 105 may send or broadcast the pre-grant transmission to multiple UEs, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 8 and 9 Further described.

[0201] UE 115 may receive a pre-authorization transmission from base station 105. At 520, UE 115 may decode the pre-authorization transmission (such as at least a portion thereof). For example, UE 115 may decode, parse, or read the UE-ID of the pre-authorization transmission. UE 115 may use the UE-ID to identify the pre-authorization transmission intended for UE 115. Optionally, base station 105 may perform a channel sensing operation before transmitting the pre-authorization transmission (such as before generating the pre-authorization transmission). Transmitter-side channel sensing operations may further reduce interference, collisions, or both from using reception-based contention operations at the expense of additional power consumption and time (such as overhead).

[0202] At 525, UE 115 may determine a quality level for the pre-authorized transmission. For example, UE 115 may determine a quality metric for the pre-authorized transmission, such as SINR, RSRP, energy metric, or a combination thereof. UE 115 may compare the quality metric to one or more thresholds to determine the quality level for the pre-authorized transmission.

[0203] The threshold value (such as its value) can be statically configured, semi-statically configured, or dynamically configured. For example, when statically configured, the threshold value can be set by the network, region, or standard. The value can be set when connecting to the network or before connecting to the network. When semi-statically configured, multiple threshold values ​​can be set by the network, region, or standard, and the UE can determine which value to use based on which value is most recently received or based on one or more other UE-based determinations (such as channel quality, UE type, etc.). Multiple values ​​can be received over time (such as in RRC or DCI messages) when connecting to the network or when the UE is connected. When dynamically configured, the threshold value can be indicated or included in the message that schedules or configures the data transmission. For example, each pre-authorization transmission can indicate the corresponding threshold value to be used.

[0204] At 530, the UE 115 may generate one or more SRS transmissions based on the determined quality level. For example, when the quality metric or quality level meets or exceeds a condition (such as a threshold), the UE 115 sends one or more SRS transmissions. When the quality metric or quality level fails to meet or exceed the condition (such as a threshold), the UE 115 does not send any SRS transmissions or refrains from sending SRS transmissions. At 535, the UE 115 sends one or more generated SRS transmissions. The SRS transmissions may include UE-specific reference signals, such as UE-specific SRSs. Optionally, the UE 115 may perform a channel sensing operation before sending the SRS transmissions (such as before generating the SRS transmissions or before receiving a pre-grant transmission). The transmitter-side channel sensing operation may further reduce interference, collisions, or both from using reception-based contention operations at the expense of additional power consumption and time (such as overhead, etc.).

[0205] At 540, the base station 105 determines interference for each SRS transmission received from the UE 115. For example, the base station 105 determines or estimates an interference value for the downlink data of the UE 115 based on the interference associated with receiving each SRS transmission. For illustration, the base station 105 estimates the interference value or power-adjusted interference value, as shown in FIG. Figure 11 As further described, the interference value may include or correspond to a beam interference value. The beam interference value may be determined based on multiplying the transmit power and the link gain. Alternatively, the beam interference indicates an adjusted strength of the interference RSRP and is determined based on multiplying the adjusted transmit power and the link gain. The adjusted transmit power may be determined based on the transmit power setting and the power headroom information.

[0206] At 545, the base station 105 sends downlink data (such as one or more data transmissions) based on the determined interference. For example, the base station 105 generates or sends downlink data based on the estimated interference level meeting or exceeding a condition. To illustrate, the base station 105 compares the power-adjusted interference value with the power-adjusted interference threshold. Based on the power-adjusted interference value being less than or equal to the power-adjusted interference threshold, the base station 105 sends downlink data (such as data transmission). Alternatively, when the power-adjusted interference value is greater than the power-adjusted interference threshold, the base station 105 does not send downlink data. In some embodiments, the base station 105 determines the RSRP of the interfering link and uses the RSRP to calculate the estimated interference that it may cause to the UE of the interfering link in its DL transmission.

[0207] The threshold value can be configured statically, semi-statically or dynamically. For example, when statically configured, the threshold value can be set by the network, region or standard. The value can be set when connecting to the network or before connecting to the network. When semi-statically configured, multiple threshold values ​​can be set by the network, region or standard, and the UE can determine which value to use based on which value is received most recently or based on one or more other UE-based determinations (such as channel quality, UE type, etc.). Multiple values ​​can be received over time (such as in RRC or DCI messages) when connecting to the network or when the UE is connected. When dynamically configured, the threshold value can be indicated or included in the message that schedules or configures the data transmission. For example, each pre-authorization transmission can indicate the corresponding threshold value to be used.

[0208] Figure 6 is a ladder diagram illustrating an example of a process flow for a second example of frame-based operation. Figure 6 , showing a process flow 600 that supports frame-based operations according to aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow 600 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or 400. For example, a network entity and a UE (such as a base station 105 and a UE 115) can perform one or more of the processes described with reference to the process flow 600. The base station 105 can communicate with the UE 115 by sending and receiving signals via a TRP. The following alternative examples can be implemented, in which some of the steps are performed in a different order than described or not performed at all. In some cases, the steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or additional steps may be added.

[0209] At 610, the base station 105 may generate a pre-authorized transmission. The generating may include generating a UE-ID for the pre-authorized transmission. The generating may also include assigning the pre-authorized transmission to a specific beam, such as determining or selecting beamforming parameters for each pre-authorized transmission.

[0210] At 615, the base station 105 may send the generated pre-grant signal to the UE 115, similar to the reference Figure 5 UE 115 may receive a pre-authorization transmission from base station 105. At 620, UE 115 may decode the pre-authorization transmission (such as at least a portion thereof). For example, UE 115 may decode, parse, or read the UE-ID of the pre-authorization transmission. UE 115 may use the UE-ID to identify the pre-authorization transmission intended for UE 115.

[0211] At 625, the base station 105 may generate one or more CSI-RS transmissions. For example, the base station 105 may generate one or more CSI-RS transmissions based on the pre-grant transmission. For illustration, if three beams are used to transmit the pre-grant transmission, then the CSI-RS transmission may be transmitted using three beams. The CSI-RS transmission may include or correspond to the same CSI-RS transmission or signal transmitted multiple times via different beams, as described with reference to FIG. Figures 12A-12D Transmitting a reference signal for each pre-grant enables the network to indicate to the UE how many reference signals will be transmitted or how many beams the base station 105 will use to transmit the reference signal, and how many times the UE should attempt to receive the reference signal.

[0212] In some embodiments, one or more CSI-RS transmissions may be generated based on a quality metric. For example, the base station 105 may determine a quality metric associated with a pre-authorized transmission or link, such as SINR, RSRP, an energy metric, or both. The base station 105 may compare the quality metric to one or more thresholds to determine a quality level of the link between the base station 105 and the UE 115. When the quality metric or quality level meets or exceeds a condition, such as a threshold, the base station 105 generates or sends one or more CSI-RS transmissions. When the quality metric or quality level fails to meet or exceed a condition, such as a threshold, the base station 105 does not generate or send any CSI-RS transmissions or refrains from sending CSI-RS transmissions. The thresholds may be statically configured, semi-statically configured, or dynamically configured, as described above and with reference to Figure 4 and 5 At 630, the base station 105 transmits one or more generated CSI-RS transmissions.

[0213] At 635, the UE 115 determines interference for each CSI-RS transmission received from the base station 105. For example, the UE 115 determines or estimates an interference value for the uplink data of the base station 105 based on the interference associated with receiving each CSI-RS transmission. For illustration, the UE 115 estimates the interference value or the power-adjusted interference value, as shown in FIG. Figure 11 Further described.

[0214] The interference value may include or correspond to a beam interference value. The beam interference value may be determined based on multiplying the transmit power by the link gain. Alternatively, the beam interference indicates an adjusted strength of the interference RSRP and is determined based on multiplying the adjusted transmit power by the link gain. The adjusted transmit power may be determined based on the transmit power setting and the power headroom information.

[0215] At 640, UE 115 determines whether to send uplink data (such as one or more data transmissions) based on the determined interference. For example, UE 115 generates or sends uplink data based on whether the estimated interference level meets or exceeds a condition. To illustrate, UE 115 compares the power-adjusted interference value with a power-adjusted interference threshold. Based on the power-adjusted interference value being less than or equal to the power-adjusted interference threshold, UE 115 determines to generate data, send data, or both. Alternatively, when the power-adjusted interference value is greater than the power-adjusted interference threshold, UE 115 determines not to generate data, not to send data, or both. At 645, UE 115 sends uplink data (such as a data transmission) based on the determination.

[0216] Figure 7 is a ladder diagram illustrating an example of a process flow for a third example of frame-based operation. Figure 7 , showing a process flow 700 that supports frame-based operations according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow 700 can implement various aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or 400. For example, a network entity and a UE (such as a base station 105 and a UE 115) can perform one or more of the processes described with reference to the process flow 700. The base station 105 can communicate with the UE 115 by sending and receiving signals through a TRP. The following alternative examples can be implemented, in which some steps are performed in a different order than described or not performed at all. In some cases, the steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or additional steps may be added.

[0217] At 710, the base station 105 may send a pre-authorization transmission to the UE 115. In some embodiments, the pre-authorization transmission may include a UE-ID. The pre-authorization transmission may be assigned to a specific beam, such as via determining or selecting beamforming parameters for each pre-authorization transmission. The pre-authorization transmissions sent on different beams may have the same or different content. For example, a first pre-authorization transmission may indicate UL traffic, a second pre-authorization transmission may indicate DL traffic, and a third pre-authorization transmission may indicate mixed traffic. Additionally or alternatively, the pre-authorization transmissions sent on different beams may be addressed to different UEs, such as via including different UE-IDs. At 715, the base station 105 may generate one or more CSI-RS transmissions, such as reference Figure 6 At 720, the base station 105 transmits one or more generated CSI-RS transmissions.

[0218] At 725, the UE 115 sends one or more SRS transmissions to the base station 105. In some embodiments, the UE 115 generates or sends one or more SRS transmissions based on the quality level of the link, one or more pre-grant transmissions, or both, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 5 SRS transmission may include UE-specific SRS. Figure 7 In the example of , base station 105 sends the CSI-RS transmission before UE 115 sends the SRS transmission, but in some other implementations, base station 105 sends the CSI-RS transmission after UE 115 sends the SRS transmission.

[0219] At 730, UE 115 determines interference for each CSI-RS transmission received from base station 105. For example, UE 115 determines or estimates an interference value for uplink data for base station 105. To illustrate, UE 115 estimates an interference value or a power-adjusted interference value.

[0220] At 735, the base station 105 determines interference for each SRS transmission received from the UE 115. For example, the base station 105 determines or estimates an interference value for the downlink data of the UE 115. For illustration, the base station 105 estimates an interference value or a power-adjusted interference value. Figure 7 In the example of , base station 105 determines downlink interference after UE 115 determines uplink interference, but in some other embodiments, the devices may determine interference concurrently, or base station 105 may determine downlink interference before UE 115 determines uplink interference.

[0221] At 740, the base station 105 transmits downlink data (such as a first data transmission) based on the determined downlink interference. At 745, the UE 115 transmits uplink data (such as a second data transmission) based on the determined uplink interference. Figure 7 In the example of FIG, base station 105 sends downlink transmissions before UE 115 sends uplink transmissions, but in some other embodiments, base station 105 sends downlink transmissions after UE 115 sends uplink transmissions. Thus, the base station and UE may operate as follows: Figure 5 Downlink-only mode in Figure 6 Uplink-only mode in Figure 7 Although in Figure 5-7 The example of FIG. 1 shows one base station and one UE, but in some other embodiments, the network includes multiple base stations, UEs, or both, such as in FIG. Figure 8 and 9 Descriptive.

[0222] Figure 8is a ladder diagram illustrating an example of a process flow for a fourth example of frame-based operation. Figure 8 , a process flow 800 is shown that supports frame-based operations according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow 800 can implement various aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or 400. For example, network entities and UEs (such as base stations 105a and 105b and UEs 115a and 115b) can perform one or more of the processes described with reference to the process flow 800. The base stations 105a and 105b can communicate with the UEs 115a and 115b by sending and receiving signals via corresponding TRPs. In other cases, 105a and 105b can correspond to different TRPs of the same network entity (such as the same base station). The following alternative examples can be implemented in which some of the steps are performed in an order different from that described or not performed at all. In some cases, the steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or additional steps may be added.

[0223] At 810, the first base station 105a sends a first pre-authorization transmission to the first UE 115a and the second UE 115b. For example, the first pre-authorization transmission may be broadcast to multiple devices. In some embodiments, the first pre-authorization transmission may include a UE-ID. The UE-ID may indicate a specific UE or a group of UEs. Figure 5 As described, the first pre-grant transmission may be sent via the PDCCH.At 815, the second base station 105b sends a second pre-grant transmission to the first UE 115a and the second UE 115b, similar to the first pre-grant transmission sent by the first base station 105a at 810.

[0224] UEs 115a and 115b may receive pre-grant transmissions from base stations 105a and 105b. At 820, the first UE 115a transmits one or more first SRS transmissions to the first base station 105a and the second base station 105b. At 825, the second UE 115b transmits one or more second SRS transmissions to the first base station 105a and the second base station 105b. Figure 5 As described, the SRS transmission may include a UE-specific reference signal, such as a UE-specific SRS, and the SRS transmission may be generated and transmitted based on a quality level of a pre-granted transmission received by the UEs 115a and 115b.

[0225] At 830, the first base station 105a determines interference for each SRS transmission received from the UEs 115a and 115b. For example, the first base station 105a determines or estimates interference values ​​for the first downlink data of the UEs 115a and 115b, as shown in FIG. Figure 5In some embodiments, base stations 105a and 105b estimate the interference they will cause to each UE in the DL or reverse direction based on the SRS received on each beam. For illustration, each base station can estimate the interference they will cause to each UE in the DL or reverse direction by determining the beam interference for the SRS received on each beam. In addition, the base station can adjust the interference level based on the expected transmit power of the UE.

[0226] At 835, the first base station 105a sends first downlink data (such as one or more data transmissions) based on the determined interference. For example, the first base station 105a generates the first downlink data or sends the first downlink data to the second UE 115b based on the first estimated interference level meeting or exceeding the condition, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 5 The first base station 105a may not generate the first downlink data or may not send the first downlink data to the first UE 115a based on the second estimated interference level failing to meet or exceed the condition.

[0227] At 840, the second base station 105b determines interference for each SRS transmission received from the UEs 115a and 115b. For example, the second base station 105b determines or estimates interference values ​​for the second downlink data of the UEs 115a and 115b, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 Descriptive.

[0228] At 845, the second base station 105b sends second downlink data (such as a data transmission) based on the determined interference. For example, the second base station 105b generates the second downlink data or sends the second downlink data to the first UE 115a based on the first estimated interference level meeting or exceeding the condition, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 5 The second base station 105b may not generate the second downlink data or send the second downlink data to the second UE 115b based on the second estimated interference level failing to meet or exceed the condition. Figure 7 In the example, the first base station 105a determines interference and sends the first downlink data before the second base station 105b determines interference and sends the second downlink data, but in some other embodiments, the first base station 105a may determine interference, send the first downlink data, or both, after the second base station 105b determines interference, sends the second downlink data, or both.

[0229] Additionally, the first base station 105a and the second base station 105b can each transmit downlink data at least partially concurrently with each other, such as in the same time slot or TXOP. This can enable both devices to "win" the medium because each base station is determining to send downlink data based on receiver-side / receiver-based interference estimation, as opposed to transmitter-side energy sensing.

[0230] Figure 9 is a ladder diagram illustrating an example of a process flow for a fifth example of frame-based operation. Figure 9 , a process flow 900 is shown that supports frame-based operations according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow 900 can implement various aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or 400. For example, network entities and UEs (such as base stations 105a and 105b and UEs 115a and 115b) can perform one or more of the processes described with reference to the process flow 900. The base stations 105a and 105b can communicate with the UEs 115a and 115b by sending and receiving signals via corresponding TRPs. In other cases, 105a and 105b can correspond to different TRPs of the same network entity (such as the same base station). The following alternative examples can be implemented in which some of the steps are performed in an order different from that described or not performed at all. In some cases, the steps may include additional features not mentioned below, or additional steps may be added.

[0231] At 910, the first base station 105a sends a first pre-authorization signal to the first UE 115a and the second UE 115b. At 915, the second base station 105b sends a second pre-authorization signal to the first UE 115a and the second UE 115b. Figure 5 As described, the first and second pre-grant transmissions may be sent via the PDCCH.

[0232] At 920, the first base station 105a transmits one or more first CSI-RS transmissions to the first UE 115a and the second UE 115b. At 925, the second UE base station 105b transmits one or more second CSI-RS transmissions to the first UE 115a and the second UE 115b, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 Descriptive.

[0233] At 930, the first UE 115a determines interference for each CSI-RS transmission received from base stations 105a and 105b. For example, the first UE 115a determines or estimates interference values ​​for the first uplink data of base stations 105a and 105b, as shown in FIG. Figure 6In some embodiments, UEs 115a and 115b estimate the interference they will cause to each network entity (such as a gNB receiver) in the UL or reverse direction based on the CSI-RS received on each beam. Additionally, when the network entity transmits at full power, the UE can adjust the interference level based on its expected transmit power.

[0234] At 935, the first UE 115a sends first uplink data (such as data transmission) based on the determined interference. For example, the first UE 115a generates the first uplink data or sends the first uplink data to the second base station 105b based on the first estimated interference level meeting or exceeding the condition, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 6 The first UE 115a may not generate the first downlink data or may not send the first downlink data to the first base station 105a based on the second estimated interference level failing to meet or exceed the condition.

[0235] At 940, the second UE 115b determines interference for each SRS transmission received from UEs 115a and 115b. For example, the second base station 105b determines or estimates interference values ​​for the second uplink data of UEs 115a and 115b, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 Descriptive.

[0236] At 945, the second UE 115b sends second uplink data (such as data transmission) based on the determined interference. For example, the second UE 115b generates the second uplink data or sends the second uplink data to the first base station 105a based on the first estimated interference level meeting or exceeding the condition, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 6 The second UE 115b may not generate the first downlink data or send the first downlink data to the second base station 105b based on the second estimated interference level failing to meet or exceed the condition. Figure 7 In the example, the first UE 115a determines interference and sends first uplink data before the second UE 115b determines interference and sends second uplink data, but in some other embodiments, the first UE 115a may determine interference, send first uplink data, or both after the second UE 115b determines interference, sends second uplink data, or both.

[0237] In addition, the first UE 115a and the second UE 115b can each transmit downlink data at least partially concurrently with each other, such as in the same time slot or TXOP. This can enable both devices to "win" the medium because each base station is determining to transmit downlink data based on receiver-side / receiver-based interference estimation, which is different from transmitter-side energy sensing.

[0238] Therefore, multiple base stations and UEs can operate as Figure 8 Downlink-only mode in Figure 9 Uplink-only mode, or mixed mode (similar to Figure 7 ). Although Figure 5-7 The example of FIG. 1 shows one base station and one UE, but in some other embodiments, the network includes multiple base stations, UEs, or both, such as in FIG. Figure 8 and 9 Described. Figure 5-9 The operations described in any of the diagrams can be combined or replaced by Figure 5-9 Any one or more operations in other graphs in . For example, Figure 7 Mixed mode operation in can occur with more than one UE, more than one base station, or both, as in Figure 8 Or any one of the 9 figures.

[0239] Figures 10A-10D is a diagram showing an example of downlink frame-based operation. Figure 10A and 10B A timing diagram showing a contention period in a frame, such as Figure 3 The contention period 310 and as referenced Figure 4 Describes the contention period. Figure 10A A first timing diagram showing a specific contention period 1010 for a first base station 105a is shown, and Figure 10B A second timing diagram shows a specific contention period 1010 for the second base station 105b. Each timing diagram shows eight periods (such as time slots or windows) of a specific contention period.

[0240] refer to Figure 10A , the first timing diagram shows transmissions during eight time periods of a specific contention period 1010 for a first base station 105a (such as a first gNB). Figure 10AAs shown in FIG, contention period 1010 includes a pre-authorization transmission period 1020, a reference signal transmission period 1030, and one or more gaps 1040. Pre-authorization transmission period 1020 corresponds to a time period (such as a first or beginning portion) during which a network entity in contention period 1010 transmits a pre-authorization transmission. Reference signal transmission period 1030 corresponds to a time period (such as a middle or ending portion) during which a UE, a network entity, or both transmits a reference signal transmission in contention period 1010. One or more gaps 1040 may correspond to one or more time periods during which a UE, a network entity, or both do not transmit any transmissions in contention period 1010. For example, contention period 1010 may include a first gap between pre-authorization transmission period 1020 and reference signal transmission period 1030, a second gap after reference signal transmission period 1030, or both. In some embodiments, one or more gaps 1040 may include or correspond to processing gaps. For example, one or more devices of the network may utilize such time to process received transmissions, determine whether to monitor for new incoming transmissions, determine whether to generate new outgoing transmissions, generate new outgoing transmissions, or a combination thereof. Alternatively, in some other implementations, the contention period 1010 may not include gaps.

[0241] refer to Figure 10B , the second timing diagram shows transmissions during eight time periods of a specific contention period 1010 for a second base station 105b (such as a second gNB). Figure 10B As shown in FIG, contention period 1010 includes a pre-grant transmission period 1020, a reference signal transmission period 1030, one or more gaps 1040, and an unused portion 1050. Unused portion 1050 may correspond to one or more time periods in contention period 1010 during which a particular device (such as second base station 105b) does not transmit, does not receive, or neither transmits nor receives. For example, unused portion 1050 may include a first unused portion for second base station 105b between pre-grant transmission period 1020 and a first gap, and a second unused portion for second base station 105b between reference signal transmission period 1030 and a second gap. During unused portion 1050, second base station 105b does not transmit or receive data. Other devices (such as first base station 105a, a UE, or both) may transmit or receive data during unused portion 1050.

[0242] Figure 10C and 10D Shown for Figure 10A and 10B The beam pattern for a specific contention period is shown in . Figure 10C A first beam pattern showing beams for pre-authorized transmission of pre-authorized transmission period 1020 is shown, and Figure 10DA second beam pattern showing beams used for SRS transmission of a reference signal transmission period 1030 is shown.

[0243] refer to Figure 10C , the first beam depicts a pre-grant transmission for the first base station 105a and the second base station 105b. Each base station sends a pre-grant transmission to the UE. For example, the base station may send a specific pre-grant transmission for each of a plurality of beams that the base station has or plans to use for a particular frame. Sending a pre-grant for each beam enables the network to indicate to the UE how many beams the base station will use to receive the reference signal and how many times the UE should transmit the reference signal. Figure 10C In the example shown in FIG1 , the first base station 105a sends a first pre-authorization transmission on B1 (such as gNB PG1), sends a second pre-authorization transmission on B2, and sends a third pre-authorization transmission on B3. The second base station 105b sends a first pre-authorization transmission on B4 (such as gNB PG1 or the fourth pre-authorization transmission) and sends a second pre-authorization transmission on B5 (such as gNB PG2 or the fifth pre-authorization transmission).

[0244] refer to Figure 10D , the second beam pattern shows SRS transmissions for UEs 115a-f. Each UE may send a UE-specific SRS transmission to the base station. In some embodiments, the SRS transmission may be sent based on a quality level or quality indication associated with a pre-authorized transmission. Figure 10D In the example shown in , each UE transmits a corresponding SRS signal. For example, the first UE 115a transmits a first SRS signal SRS1. In some embodiments, each UE may transmit its specific SRS signal during each window or time slot of the reference signal transmission period 1030. For example, the first UE 115a transmits the first SRS signal SRS1 three times during the reference signal transmission period 1030, such as once in each of its windows or time slots. During each time slot, the base stations 105a and 105b may attempt to receive data using different beams. For example, the first base station 105a attempts to receive each SRS transmission from the first UE 115a using a different beam, such as beams B1, B2, and B3. The use of multiple beams enables the base station to accurately determine interference from a specific direction and for a specific UE. Therefore, if the determined interference for multiple directions / UEs is acceptable or meets the conditions, multiple transmissions may occur at once, which increases throughput. In Figure 10DIn the example of FIG. 1 , base stations 105a and 105b can each transmit downlink data to at least one UE. However, using conventional transmitter-side contention operations, when one of the base stations detects that the other base station is already transmitting, the base station can avoid transmitting in a particular time slot or TXOP. In some embodiments, the first base station 105a attempts to receive SRS transmissions from each of the UEs 115a-f while monitoring for transmissions using a particular beam.

[0245] Figure 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of beam interference. Figure 11 , a block diagram 1100 is shown depicting a link between two network entities and two UEs. Figure 11 As shown in , each device has two links, each link has associated interference. In some cases, the uplink interference for a specific link may be different from the downlink interference for a specific link. Therefore, one or more devices of the link can calculate the uplink interference and downlink interference separately. Alternatively, one or more devices of the link can calculate unidirectional interference (such as uplink or downlink) and use the interference value for the opposite direction, or use the interference value to estimate other interference values ​​for the opposite direction. The interference value can be determined based on transmit power and link gain.

[0246] In some embodiments, generating the beam interference value includes multiplying the transmit power and the link gain to estimate the beam interference value. For example, the transmit power (P ue,2 ) multiplied by the corresponding link gain (H 21 ) is the square of the absolute value, that is, P ue,2 *│H 21 │ 2 .

[0247] In some other embodiments, generating the beam interference value includes determining an adjusted transmit power based on the transmit power setting and the power headroom information, and multiplying the adjusted transmit power and the link gain to estimate the beam interference value, wherein the beam interference value is the adjusted strength of the interference RSRP. For example, the adjusted transmit power of the second UE (UE2) can be determined based on the transmit power setting (such as UE power class information) and the power headroom value (such as the power backoff value). The adjusted transmit power can be multiplied by the link gain of the link of the second UE to determine or estimate the corresponding link interference for the uplink. For illustration, the adjusted transmit power (P') of the second UE is multiplied by the link gain of the link of the second UE to determine or estimate the corresponding link interference for the uplink. ue,2 ) multiplied by the corresponding link gain (H 21 ) is the square of the absolute value, that is, P' ue,2 *│H 21 │2 .

[0248] Figures 12A-12D is a diagram showing an example of an uplink frame-based operation. Figure 12A and 12B A timing diagram showing a contention period in a frame, such as Figure 3 The contention period 310 and reference Figure 4 Describes the contention period. Figure 12A A first timing diagram showing a specific contention period 1210 for a first base station 105a is shown, and Figure 12B A second timing diagram is shown for a specific contention period 1210 for the second base station 105b.

[0249] refer to Figure 12A , the first timing diagram shows the transmission of a specific contention period 1210 for a first base station 105a (such as a first gNB). Figure 12A As shown in FIG, the contention period 1210 includes a pre-authorization transmission period 1220, a reference signal transmission period 1230, and one or more gaps 1240. The pre-authorization transmission period 1220 may include or correspond to Figure 10A and 10B The reference signal transmission period 1230 may include or correspond to Figure 10A and 10B The reference signal transmission period 1030. One or more gaps 1240 may include or correspond to Figure 10A and 10B One or more gaps 1040. Alternatively, in some other embodiments, the contention period 1210 may not include gaps.

[0250] refer to Figure 12B , the second timing diagram shows the transmission of a specific contention period 1210 for a second base station 105b (such as a second gNB). Figure 12B As shown in FIG, the contention period 1210 includes a pre-grant transmission period 1220, a reference signal transmission period 1230, one or more gaps 1240, and an unused portion 1250. The unused portion 1250 may include or correspond to Figure 10B The unused portion 1050.

[0251] Figure 12C and 12D Shown for Figure 12A and 12B The beam pattern for a specific contention period is shown in . Figure 12C A first beam pattern showing beams used for CSI-RS transmission is shown, and Figure 12D A second beam pattern is shown showing beams used for data transmission, such as uplink data.

[0252] refer to Figure 12C , a first beam diagram illustrates CSI-RS transmissions for a first base station 105a and a second base station 105b. Each base station 105a and 105b transmits a CSI-RS transmission to UEs 115a-f. For example, a base station may scan a particular CSI-RS across all beams that the base station has or plans to use for a particular frame. To illustrate, the first base station 105a transmits CSI-RS1 three times sequentially on beams B1, B2, and B3, and the second base station 105b transmits CSI-RS2 twice, first on beam B1, and then on beam B2. In some other embodiments, the beams may be scanned in a different or random order. In some embodiments, a UE may monitor a subset of the available UE beams. For example, a UE may monitor only the selected beams that it has determined for transmission.

[0253] refer to Figure 12D , the second beam pattern shows uplink data transmission for UEs 115a-f. Each UE may transmit uplink data to base stations 105a and 105b based on the determined interference. Figure 12D In the example shown in FIG, a first UE 115a and a third UE 115c transmit uplink data to a first base station 105a, and a fifth UE 115e and a sixth UE 115f transmit uplink data to a second base station 105b. Figure 3 Uplink data transmission occurs during the data transmission period 312).

[0254] Figure 13 is a flow chart illustrating exemplary blocks executed by a UE. Figure 17 As shown in , the example blocks will also be described with respect to UE 115. Figure 17 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary design of a UE. Figure 17 FIG. 1 shows a UE 115 configured according to one aspect of the present disclosure. The UE 115 includes a Figure 2 1 or 4. For example, the UE 115 includes a controller / processor 280 that operates to execute logic or computer instructions stored in a memory 282 and controls the components of the UE 115 to provide the features and functions of the UE 115. The UE 115 transmits and receives signals via radios 1701a-r and antennas 252a-r under the control of the controller / processor 280. The radios 1701a-r include the following components: Figure 2Various components and hardware are shown for UE 115 in FIG, including modulators / demodulators 254a-r, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, and TX MIMO processor 266.

[0255] As shown, memory 282 may include frame operation logic 1702, interference logic 1703, grant data 1704, reference signal data 1705, interference data 1706, and setup data 1707. Grant data 1704, reference signal data 1705, and setup data 1707 may include or correspond to DL reference signal data 406, UL reference signal data 408, interference data 442, and setup data 444. Frame operation logic 1702 may include or correspond to frame-based operation manager 415. Interference logic 1703 may include or correspond to interference calculator 416. In some aspects, logic 1702 and 1703 may include or correspond to processor(s) 280. UE 115 may receive signals from or transmit signals to one or more base stations (such as base station 105) or one or more network entities 105, 405. When communicating with a single base station or serving cell, UE 115 may receive signals from or transmit signals to multiple TRPs of the single base station or serving cell.

[0256] refer to Figure 13 At block 1300, UE 115 receives one or more pre-granted transmissions, where each pre-granted transmission is associated with a beam in a plurality of beams, and the plurality of beams are in the millimeter wave frequency range. For example, one pre-granted transmission is received on each of the plurality of beams. In some embodiments, the one or more pre-granted transmissions include a reference signal, such as a DMRS.

[0257] At block 1301, UE 115 decodes one or more pre-authorization transmissions. In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions include a corresponding UE-ID. The UE-ID may indicate or identify the specific UE for which the authorization of the pre-authorization transmission is intended. For illustration, the UE may parse or decode the UE-ID of the pre-authorization transmission to determine whether the UE needs to further decode or process the pre-authorization transmission.

[0258] At block 1302, UE 115 determines whether one or more decoded pre-authorized transmissions meet one or more quality conditions. In some embodiments, UE 115 determines the quality level of the pre-authorized transmissions, such as by using its reference signal. For example, UE 115 may determine to decode or process one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the quality level of the pre-authorized transmissions. The quality level may include a received power or quality metric. Determining to decode or further process a pre-authorized transmission based on its quality level may result in power savings compared to attempting to decode and process each pre-authorized transmission, regardless of its quality.

[0259] At block 1303, UE 115 transmits one or more reference signals based on determining that one or more decoded pre-grant transmissions satisfy one or more quality conditions. For example, UE 115 compares the quality level of the pre-grant transmissions to an RSRP or SINR threshold. The thresholds may be statically configured, semi-statically configured, or dynamically configured, as described above and with reference to Figure 4 and 5 In some embodiments, the one or more reference signals include or correspond to an uplink reference signal transmission, such as an SRS transmission or a DMRS transmission.

[0260] At block 1304, UE 115 optionally receives one or more grant transmissions in response to the one or more reference signals. For example, UE 115 may receive the one or more grant transmissions based on the reference signal transmission satisfying a network condition. In some embodiments, the one or more grant transmissions signal one or more data transmissions, such as indicating or identifying resources to be used for the one or more data transmissions.

[0261] At block 1305, UE 115 optionally receives a data transmission based on the one or more grants sent. For example, UE 115 determines one or more resources for one (or more) data transmissions based on the one or more grants sent, and UE 115 monitors the one or more resources to receive the one (or more) data transmissions. In some embodiments, the data transmission may not be sent, i.e., when the network determines that interference associated with the reference signal transmission exceeds an interference or quality threshold.

[0262] In some embodiments, UE 115 may execute one or more additional blocks, such as to perform one or more other operations described herein. For example, UE 115 may receive multiple data transmissions in response to one or more grant transmissions. For example, the UE may receive a first data transmission from a first network entity and a second data transmission from a second network entity. As another example, the UE may receive multiple first data transmissions from the first network entity and multiple second data transmissions from the second network entity.

[0263] In some embodiments, the UE may operate in the millimeter wave frequency range and in licensed, unlicensed, or shared spectrum. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may operate in a frame-based mode of operation, and the UE's frames may be time-aligned with corresponding frames of one or more network entities, and the frames may have a fixed duration for the one or more network entities.

[0264] In some embodiments, the one or more reference signals include one or more reference signal transmissions, such as SRS transmissions. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more quality conditions include a signal-to-noise ratio (SINR), a received signal reference power (RSRP), an energy metric, or a combination thereof.

[0265] In some embodiments, one or more pre-grant transmissions may include a DMRS. The DMRS may be used to determine whether the UE 115 should perform additional actions.

[0266] In some embodiments, UE 115 may send information indicating a power transmission mode or information associated with a power transmission mode to a network entity. For example, when the UE is operating in a full power transmission mode (such as when transmitting without power backoff or headroom), UE 115 sends power class information for the UE, nominal transmission power information, or both. As another example, when the UE is operating in a power control mode (such as with power backoff or headroom), UE 115 sends power headroom information, such as current power headroom information or preset or default power headroom information. In addition, the power headroom information may be sent via an uplink control channel or an uplink data channel.

[0267] In some embodiments, the UE 115 determines power headroom information, such as current power headroom information. For example, the UE 115 calculates the power headroom information based on power usage of the current frequency band and independently of power usage on other frequency bands.

[0268] Figure 14 is a flow chart illustrating exemplary blocks executed by a network entity. The network entity may include or correspond to a base station or its TRP configured according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 18 The exemplary blocks are described with reference to the network entities shown in FIG. Figure 18 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an exemplary design of a particular network entity, a base station 105 (such as a gNB or eNB). Figure 18 FIG1 shows a base station 105, also referred to as a gNB 105, configured according to one aspect of the present disclosure. The gNB 105 includes a base station 105 configured according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 2The structure, hardware, and components of the gNB 105 are shown in FIG. For example, the gNB 105 includes a controller / processor 240 that operates to execute logic or computer instructions stored in a memory 242 and controls the components of the gNB 105 that provide the features and functions of the gNB 105. The gNB 105, under the control of the controller / processor 240, transmits and receives signals via radios 1801a-t and antennas 234a-r. The radios 1801a-t include the following components: Figure 2 1 for gNB 105, including modulators / demodulators 232a-t, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and TX MIMO processor 230. Data 1802-1807 in memory 242 may include or correspond to corresponding data 1702-1707 in memory 282, respectively.

[0269] refer to Figure 14 At block 1400, a network entity (such as gNB 105) sends one or more pre-authorized transmissions, where each pre-authorized transmission is sent via a beam from a plurality of beams, and the plurality of beams are in the mmWave frequency range, similar to block 1300. For example, one pre-authorized transmission is sent on each of the plurality of beams. The plurality of beams may include or correspond to each beam that the network entity plans to use or determines to be available for use.

[0270] At block 1401, gNB 105 receives one or more reference signals in response to one or more pre-grant transmissions, similar to block 1301. In some embodiments, the one or more reference signals include or correspond to an uplink reference signal transmission, such as an SRS transmission or a DMRS transmission. The network entity may receive the multiple reference signal transmissions from one or more of the plurality of UEs. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may transmit one or more second reference signal transmissions, such as a CSI-RS transmission for receiving uplink data.

[0271] At block 1402, the gNB 105 determines interference for each of one or more reference signals. For example, Figure 4 The interference calculator 416 determines the interference value for each reference signal sent. Figure 18 The interference logic 1803) can use the reference Figure 11 One or more of the described techniques determine a beam interference value for each reference signal.

[0272] At block 1403, the gNB 105 determines whether to transmit data for one or more pre-granted transmissions based on the interference for each reference signal. For example, the frame-based operation logic 1802 determines whether to transmit data based on the determined interference value, such as a reference signal. Figure 4 and Figure 5 Descriptive.

[0273] At block 1404, the gNB 105 optionally sends one or more grants to transmit based on determining that interference with a reference signal in one or more reference signals satisfies a transmission condition. For example, the frame-based operation logic 1802 determines whether to transmit data based on comparing an interference value determined for a corresponding reference signal transmission with a threshold, such as a reference signal. Figure 4 and Figure 5 Based on the determination to send data, gNB 105 issues one or more grants to send to signal the data transmission.

[0274] At block 1405, the gNB 105 transmits data via a particular beam of the plurality of beams based on one or more grants. For example, the frame-based operation logic 1802 causes the data to be transmitted via a particular transmit beam based on one or more resources indicated by the one or more grants, such as referenced to FIG. Figure 4 and 5 The specific beam used to transmit the data transmission corresponds to the specific receive beam used to receive a specific reference signal transmission in the one or more reference signal transmissions. In some embodiments, multiple data transmissions can be issued, such as when interference between multiple receive beams meets a threshold.

[0275] In some embodiments, gNB 105 may execute one or more additional blocks, such as to perform one or more other operations described herein. For example, in some embodiments, determining interference for each reference signal transmission includes: generating a beam interference value for a corresponding beam of each reference signal transmission in the one or more reference signal transmissions; comparing the beam interference value to a beam interference threshold; and determining whether to transmit data via a particular beam based on the corresponding beam interference value exceeding the beam interference threshold.

[0276] In some embodiments, generating the beam interference value may include multiplying the transmit power of UE 115 by the link gain between gNB 105 and UE 115 to estimate the beam interference value. Alternatively, generating the beam interference value may include determining an adjusted transmit power based on the transmit power setting of UE 115 and power headroom information of UE 115; and multiplying the adjusted transmit power by the link gain between gNB 105 and UE 115 to estimate the beam interference value, wherein the beam interference value is an adjusted strength of the interference RSRP. In some embodiments, the method includes refraining, by the network entity, from performing a channel sensing operation corresponding to the data transmission.

[0277] In some embodiments, the method may include: determining, by the network entity, type information indicating a type or category of the UE; and retrieving, by the network entity, power headroom information based on the type information. Additionally, or alternatively, the method may include: sending, by the network entity, a request message indicating a request for power headroom information to a second network entity; and receiving, by the network entity, a response message indicating the power headroom information from the second network entity.

[0278] In some embodiments, the network entity may signal frame configuration information to indicate a traffic direction, such as UL or DL. For example, additional blocks executed by gNB 105 may include sending, by the network entity, frame configuration information indicating a transmission direction for each timeslot of one or more frames. As another example, additional blocks executed by gNB 105 may include sending, by the network entity, dynamic frame configuration information indicating a transmission direction preference for each timeslot of a particular frame.

[0279] Figure 15 is a flow chart showing another example of blocks executed by a UE. Figure 17 An exemplary block diagram is shown in FIG and described as previously described for UE 115. Figure 15 At block 1500, UE 115 receives one or more pre-authorization transmissions via beams from among the plurality of beams. In some embodiments, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions include or correspond to a pre-authorization transmission. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions include a corresponding UE-ID. The UE-ID may indicate or identify a specific UE for which the authorization is intended. For illustration, the UE may decode or determine the UE-ID of the authorization transmission to determine whether the UE needs to further decode or process the authorization transmission.

[0280] At block 1501, the UE 115 monitors one or more transmissions based on one or more pre-granted transmissions. In some embodiments, the one or more transmissions include or correspond to a reference signal transmission or a channel information transmission, such as a CSI-RS transmission or a DMRS transmission.

[0281] At block 1502, the UE 115 determines interference for each of one or more transmissions. For example, the UE determines interference for each link associated with a reference signal transmission or a channel information transmission or each beam associated with a reference signal transmission or a channel information transmission.

[0282] At block 1503, UE 115 determines whether to transmit data for one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the interference for each transmission. For example, the UE compares the estimated interference value of the received reference signal transmission with a threshold. The threshold can be statically configured, semi-statically configured, or dynamically configured. For example, when statically configured, the threshold can be set by the network, region, or standard. The value can be set upon connection to the network or before connection to the network. When semi-statically configured, multiple thresholds can be set by the network, region, or standard, and the UE can determine which value to use based on which value was received most recently or based on one or more other UE-based determinations (such as channel quality, UE type, etc.). Multiple values ​​can be received over time (such as in RRC or DCI messages) upon connection to the network or while the UE is connected. When dynamically configured, the threshold can be indicated by or included in a message sent in scheduling or configuration data. For example, each pre-authorized transmission can indicate the corresponding threshold to be used.

[0283] At block 1504, UE 115 transmits data via a particular beam from among the plurality of beams based on determining that interference with the particular transmission from among the one or more transmissions satisfies a transmission condition. For example, the UE transmits data based on an estimated interference value exceeding a quality-based threshold. As another example, the UE does not transmit data based on an estimated interference value not exceeding a quality-based threshold. Alternatively, the UE transmits data based on an estimated interference value not exceeding an interference-based threshold and does not transmit data based on an estimated interference value not exceeding an interference-based threshold.

[0284] Figure 16 is a flow chart illustrating another example of blocks executed by a network entity. The network entity may include or correspond to a base station or its TRP configured according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 18 The exemplary blocks are described with reference to a base station 105 (such as gNB 105) shown in FIG. Figure 16 , at box 1600, a network entity (such as gNB 105) sends one or more pre-authorization transmissions, where each pre-authorization transmission is sent via a beam from a plurality of beams, similar to as described with reference to box 1400.

[0285] At block 1601, gNB 105 transmits one or more transmissions based on one or more pre-granted transmissions, similar to as described with reference to block 1501. In some embodiments, the transmissions include or correspond to reference signal transmissions or channel information transmissions, such as CSI-RS transmissions. In some other embodiments, the reference signal includes or corresponds to DMRS. As an illustrative example, based on the UE-ID of the pre-granted transmission, the grant, or a combination thereof, a network entity may generate and transmit a reference signal transmission for use by another device to calculate interference with respect to transmissions by the other device.

[0286] At block 1602, the gNB 105 receives data transmissions in response to one or more transmissions via a particular beam from a plurality of beams, similar to that described with reference to block 1504. For example, when a link between the UE and the network entity satisfies one or more conditions (such as an interference condition, a quality condition, or both), the network entity receives uplink data from the UE. In some embodiments, the network entity may receive uplink data from multiple UEs. To illustrate, a first link between the network entity and a first UE and a second link between the network entity and a second UE may both meet corresponding thresholds, and both UEs may transmit data to the network entity. The data may be transmitted sequentially (such as one after another) or at least partially concurrently (such as with partially overlapping transmissions). Alternatively, the network entity may not receive uplink data from any UE. To illustrate, when the link between the network entity and the UE is poor and has high interference, no UE may transmit data.

[0287] It should be noted that the reference Figure 13 、 14 One or more blocks (or operations) described in FIG15 or FIG16 may be combined with one or more blocks (or operations) of another figure. For example, Figure 13 or one or more boxes 14 may be combined with Figure 1 、 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10A-10D, 11 or 12A-12D. Additionally or alternatively, the above referenced Figure 1-12D One or more of the operations described may be combined with reference to Figure 13 、 14 , 15 or 16 described one or more combinations of operations.

[0288] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0289] The components, functional blocks and modules described herein (such as Figure 4 Components, Figure 13-16 Function box and Figure 2 The modules in the present invention may include processors, electronic devices, hardware devices, electronic components, logical circuits, memories, software codes, firmware codes, etc., or any combination thereof. In addition, the components, functional blocks and modules described herein (such as Figure 4 Components, Figure 13-16 Function box and Figure 2 Features related to the modules in the may be implemented via dedicated processor circuits, via executable instructions, or a combination thereof.

[0290] Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic steps described in conjunction with the disclosure herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. In order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, frames, modules, circuits, and steps have been generally described above in terms of their functionality. Whether this functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints imposed on the entire system. Technicians can implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but this implementation decision should not be interpreted as causing departure from the scope of the present disclosure. Technicians will also appreciate that the components, methods, or interactive order or combination described herein are merely examples, and the components, methods, or interactive aspects of the present disclosure can be combined or performed in a manner other than the manner shown and described herein.

[0291] The various illustrative logics, logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. The interchangeability of hardware and software has been generally described in terms of functionality and illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described above. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0292] The hardware and data processing devices for implementing the various illustrative logic blocks, modules and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein can be implemented or performed with the following: a general-purpose single-chip or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. In some embodiments, the processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in combination with a DSP core or any other such configuration. In some embodiments, specific processes and methods can be performed by a circuit system specific to a given function.

[0293] In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware (including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents), or in any combination thereof. Implementations of the subject matter described in this specification may also be implemented as one or more computer programs (which are one or more modules of computer program instructions) encoded on computer storage media for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus.

[0294] If implemented in software, the function may be stored as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium or sent via the computer-readable medium. The process of the method or algorithm disclosed herein may be implemented in a processor-executable software module, which may be on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media (including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program from one place to another). The storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Moreover, any connection may be appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. Disks and optical disks as used herein include compact discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, wherein disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while optical discs reproduce data optically with the aid of lasers. The above combinations should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and / or instructions on a machine-readable medium and computer-readable media, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.

[0295] In a first aspect, a method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving one or more pre-authorization transmissions, wherein each pre-authorization transmission is associated with a beam in a plurality of beams, and wherein the plurality of beams are in a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range; decoding the one or more pre-authorization transmissions; determining whether the one or more decoded pre-authorization transmissions satisfy one or more quality conditions; sending one or more reference signals based on determining that the one or more decoded pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; receiving one or more authorization transmissions in response to the one or more reference signals; and receiving data transmissions based on the one or more authorization transmissions.

[0296] In a second aspect, in combination with the first aspect, the method further comprises avoiding performing a channel sensing operation corresponding to the data transmission.

[0297] In a third aspect, in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the UE is operating in an unlicensed or shared spectrum.

[0298] In a fourth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the UE is operating in a frame-based operation mode, wherein frames of the UE are time-aligned with corresponding frames of one or more network entities, and wherein frames of the frame-based operation mode have a fixed duration for the one or more network entities.

[0299] In a fifth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, receiving the one or more pre-authorized transmissions includes receiving a first set of pre-authorized transmissions from a first network entity; and receiving a second set of pre-authorized transmissions from a second network entity.

[0300] In a sixth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the first pre-authorization transmission set is received via a corresponding downlink beam of the first network entity.

[0301] In a seventh aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions include a UE identifier (UE-ID), and the UE-ID is configured to indicate the intended UE for the one or more pre-authorization transmissions.

[0302] In an eighth aspect, in combination with one or more of aspects 1 to 7, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions include a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission, and wherein each of the PDCCH transmissions includes a demodulation reference signal (DMRS).

[0303] In a ninth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the one or more reference signals include sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, each SRS transmission including a UE-specific SRS.

[0304] In a tenth aspect, in combination with the ninth aspect, each SRS transmission is transmitted via a corresponding uplink beam of a plurality of uplink beams.

[0305] In an eleventh aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication comprises: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receive one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is associated with a beam in a plurality of beams, and wherein the plurality of beams are in a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range; decode the one or more pre-authorized transmissions; determine whether the one or more decoded pre-authorized transmissions satisfy one or more quality conditions; send one or more reference signals based on determining that the one or more decoded pre-authorized transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; receive one or more authorized transmissions in response to the one or more reference signals; and receive data transmissions based on the one or more authorized transmissions.

[0306] In the twelfth aspect, in combination with the eleventh aspect, the one or more quality conditions include a signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) condition, a received signal reference power (RSRP) condition, an energy metric condition, or a combination thereof.

[0307] In the thirteenth aspect, in combination with one or more of the eleventh to twelfth aspects, the one or more quality conditions correspond to an interference received signal reference power (RSRP) condition, and wherein when the interference RSRP is greater than or equal to a threshold, the network entity does not send data.

[0308] In a fourteenth aspect, in combination with one or more of aspects eleven to thirteen, the one or more quality conditions correspond to a power-adjusted interference strength received signal reference power (RSRP) condition, and wherein the network entity does not send data when the power-adjusted interference RSRP is greater than or equal to a threshold.

[0309] In a fifteenth aspect, in combination with one or more of the eleventh to fourteenth aspects, the at least one processor is further configured to send current power headroom information configured to enable network interference determination.

[0310] In the sixteenth aspect, in combination with one or more of aspects eleven to fifteen, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity for a first frame, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive one or more second pre-authorization transmissions from the first network entity for a second frame; determine whether to send one or more second reference signals to the first network entity based on whether the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; and avoid sending the one or more second reference signals to the first network entity based on the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions failing to satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

[0311] In the seventeenth aspect, in combination with one or more of aspects eleven to sixteen, the at least one processor is further configured to: receive one or more third pre-authorization transmissions from the second network entity for the second frame; determine whether to send one or more third reference signals to the second network entity based on whether the one or more third pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; and send the one or more third reference signals to the second network entity based on whether the one or more third pre-authorization transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

[0312] In the eighteenth aspect, in combination with one or more of aspects eleven to seventeen, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity for a specific frame, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive one or more second pre-authorization transmissions from a second network entity for the specific frame; send one or more second reference signals to the second network entity based on whether the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions meet the one or more quality conditions; and monitor the second data transmission from the second network entity during the specific frame, wherein no data is received from the second network entity during the specific frame.

[0313] In the nineteenth aspect, in combination with one or more of aspects eleven to eighteen, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity for a specific frame, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive one or more second pre-authorization transmissions from a second network entity for the specific frame; and avoid sending a second reference signal to the second network entity based on the one or more second pre-authorization transmissions failing to meet the one or more quality conditions.

[0314] In aspect 20, in combination with one or more of aspects 11 to 19, the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity, wherein the one or more pre-authorization transmissions include a downlink pre-authorization transmission and an uplink pre-authorization transmission, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: monitor the one or more second reference signals based on the uplink pre-authorization transmission; determine interference for each of the one or more second reference signals; determine whether to send uplink data for each uplink pre-authorization transmission based on the interference for each second reference signal; and send the second data transmission via the corresponding beam based on determining that the interference satisfies the transmission condition.

[0315] In aspect 21, in combination with aspect 20, the one or more second reference signals include a downlink reference signal transmission, and wherein the downlink reference signal transmission includes a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission.

[0316] In aspect 22, a method for wireless communication by a network entity includes: sending one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam of a plurality of beams, wherein the plurality of beams are in a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range; receiving one or more reference signals in response to the one or more pre-authorized transmissions; determining interference for each of the one or more reference signals; determining whether to send data for the one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the interference for each reference signal; sending one or more authorized transmissions based on determining that the interference for a particular reference signal in the one or more reference signals satisfies a transmission condition; and sending data transmission via a particular beam of the plurality of beams based on the one or more authorized transmissions.

[0317] In aspect 23, in combination with aspect 21, determining the interference for each reference signal includes: generating a beam interference value for the corresponding beam sent for each reference signal in the one or more reference signals; comparing the beam interference value with a beam interference threshold; and determining whether to send the data via the specific beam based on the corresponding beam interference value not exceeding the beam interference threshold.

[0318] In aspect 24, in combination with aspect 23, generating the beam interference value includes multiplying the transmission power of the user equipment (UE) and the link gain between the device and the UE to estimate the beam interference value, and wherein the transmission condition includes one or more beam interference thresholds.

[0319] In aspect 25, in combination with aspect 23, generating the beam interference value includes: determining an adjusted transmit power based on a transmit power setting of a user equipment (UE) and power headroom information of the UE; and multiplying the adjusted transmit power and the link gain between the device and the UE to estimate the beam interference value, wherein the beam interference value is an adjusted reference signal received power (RSRP) interference value.

[0320] In aspect twenty-six, a wireless communication device includes: at least one processor; and a memory, the memory being coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: send one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam of a plurality of beams, wherein the plurality of beams are in a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range; receive one or more reference signals in response to the one or more pre-authorized transmissions; determine interference for each of the one or more reference signals; determine whether to send data for the one or more pre-authorized transmissions based on the interference for each reference signal; send one or more authorized transmissions based on determining that the interference for a particular reference signal in the one or more reference signals satisfies a transmission condition; and send data transmission via a particular beam of the plurality of beams based on the one or more authorized transmissions.

[0321] In the twenty-seventh aspect, in combination with the twenty-sixth aspect, the apparatus is a first network entity operating in a time division multiplexing (TDM) mode, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive timing information indicating an occupied transmission time of a specific frame from a second network entity; send second data during another time period of the specific frame; and avoid sending the second data during the occupied transmission time of the specific frame.

[0322] In aspect 28, in combination with one or more of aspect 26 and aspect 27, the at least one processor is further configured to: send frame configuration information indicating the transmission direction for each time slot of one or more frames or dynamic frame configuration information indicating the transmission direction preference for each time slot of a specific frame.

[0323] In a twenty-ninth aspect, in combination with one or more of aspects twenty-six to twenty-eight, the at least one processor is further configured to avoid performing a channel sensing operation corresponding to the data transmission.

[0324] In a thirtieth aspect, in combination with one or more of aspects twenty-six to twenty-ninth, the apparatus is a network entity operating in a frame-based operating mode, wherein frames of the network entity are time-aligned with corresponding frames of one or more other network entities, and wherein frames of the frame-based operating mode have a fixed duration for the one or more other network entities.

[0325] Various modifications to the embodiments described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed in this disclosure.

[0326] Additionally, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the terms "upper" and "lower" are sometimes used for ease of describing the drawings and indicate relative positions on a correctly oriented page corresponding to the orientation of the drawings and may not reflect the correct orientation of any device as implemented.

[0327] Certain features described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments individually or in any suitable subcombination. Furthermore, while features may be described above as functioning in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, in some cases, one or more features from a claimed combination may be removed from that combination, and a claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variations of a subcombination.

[0328] Similarly, although operations are shown in a particular order in the figures, this should not be understood as requiring such operations to be performed in the particular order shown or in a sequential order, or to perform all the operations shown, to achieve the desired result. In addition, the accompanying drawings may schematically describe one or more exemplary processes in the form of flow charts. However, other operations not depicted can be incorporated into the schematically illustrated exemplary processes. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the operations shown. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. In addition, the separation of the various system components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, but rather it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product, or be packaged as multiple software products. In addition, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in different orders and still achieve the desired result.

[0329] As used herein, including in the claims, the term "or," when used with a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items may be employed individually or in any combination of two or more of the listed items. For example, if a composition is described as containing component A, B, or C, the composition may contain: A alone; B alone; C alone; a combination of A and B; a combination of A and C; a combination of B and C; or a combination of A, B, and C. Furthermore, as used herein, including in the claims, "or" used in a list of items beginning with "at least one of" indicates a disjunctive conjunction list, such that, for example, "at least one of A, B, or C" means any one of these items: A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C), or any combination thereof.

[0330] The previous description of the present disclosure is provided to enable those skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is associated with a beam in a plurality of beams, and wherein the plurality of beams are in a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range; decoding the one or more pre-authorized transmissions; determining whether one or more decoded pre-grant transmissions satisfy one or more quality conditions; transmitting one or more reference signals based on determining that the one or more decoded pre-grant transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; receiving one or more grants to transmit in response to the one or more reference signals; as well as A data transmission is received based on the one or more authorized transmissions. 2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising refraining from performing a channel sensing operation corresponding to the data transmission.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is operating in an unlicensed or shared spectrum.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the UE is operating in a frame-based mode of operation, wherein frames of the UE are time-aligned with corresponding frames of one or more network entities, and wherein frames of the frame-based mode of operation have a fixed duration for the one or more network entities.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving the one or more pre-authorization transmissions comprises: receiving a first pre-authorization sending set from a first network entity; as well as A second pre-authorization transmission set is received from a second network entity.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first set of pre-authorized transmissions is received via a corresponding downlink beam of the first network entity.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more pre-authorization transmissions include a UE identifier (UE-ID) configured to indicate an intended UE for the one or more pre-authorization transmissions.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more pre-grant transmissions comprise a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission, and wherein each of the PDCCH transmissions comprises a demodulation reference signal (DMRS).

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more reference signals comprise sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions, each SRS transmission comprising a UE-specific SRS.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein each SRS transmission is transmitted via a corresponding uplink beam of a plurality of uplink beams.

11. An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising: at least one processor; as well as a memory coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receiving one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is associated with a beam in a plurality of beams, and wherein the plurality of beams are in a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range; decoding the one or more pre-authorized transmissions; determining whether one or more decoded pre-grant transmissions satisfy one or more quality conditions; transmitting one or more reference signals based on determining that the one or more decoded pre-grant transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; receiving one or more grants to transmit in response to the one or more reference signals; as well as A data transmission is received based on the one or more authorized transmissions.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more quality conditions comprise a signal-to-noise ratio (SINR) condition, a received signal reference power (RSRP) condition, an energy metric condition, or a combination thereof.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more quality conditions correspond to an interference received signal reference power (RSRP) condition, and wherein the network entity does not transmit data when the interference RSRP is greater than or equal to a threshold.

14. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the one or more quality conditions correspond to a power-adjusted interference strength received signal reference power (RSRP) condition, and wherein the network entity does not transmit data when the power-adjusted interference RSRP is greater than or equal to a threshold.

15. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Current power headroom information is sent, the current power headroom information being configured to enable network interference determination.

16. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity for a first frame, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving one or more second pre-grant transmissions from the first network entity for a second frame; determining whether to send one or more second reference signals to the first network entity based on whether the one or more second pre-granted transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; as well as refraining from transmitting the one or more second reference signals to the first network entity based on the one or more second pre-granted transmissions failing to satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving one or more third pre-grant transmissions from a second network entity for the second frame; determining whether to send one or more third reference signals to the second network entity based on whether the one or more third pre-granted transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; and The one or more third reference signals are sent to the second network entity based on the one or more third pre-grant sending satisfying the one or more quality conditions.

18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity for a specific frame, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving one or more second pre-authorization transmissions from a second network entity for the specific frame; sending one or more second reference signals to the second network entity based on whether the one or more second pre-granted transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; as well as A second data transmission from the second network entity is monitored during the specific frame, wherein no data is received from the second network entity during the specific frame.

19. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the one or more pre-authorization transmissions are received from a first network entity for a specific frame, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving one or more second pre-authorization transmissions from a second network entity for the specific frame; and refraining from transmitting a second reference signal to the second network entity based on the one or more second pre-grant transmissions failing to satisfy the one or more quality conditions.

20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more pre-grant transmissions are received from a first network entity, wherein the one or more pre-grant transmissions comprise a downlink pre-grant transmission and an uplink pre-grant transmission, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: monitoring one or more second reference signals based on the uplink pre-grant transmission; determining interference for each of the one or more second reference signals; determining whether to send uplink data for each uplink pre-grant based on the interference for each second reference signal; as well as Based on determining that the interference satisfies the transmission condition, a second data transmission is sent via the corresponding beam.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the one or more second reference signals comprise a downlink reference signal transmission, and wherein the downlink reference signal transmission comprises a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission.

22. A method for wireless communication by a network entity, comprising: transmitting one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam of a plurality of beams, and wherein the plurality of beams are in a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range; receiving one or more reference signals in response to the one or more pre-grant transmissions; determining interference for each of the one or more reference signals; determining whether to transmit data for the one or more pre-granted transmissions based on the interference for each reference signal; sending one or more grants to send based on determining that the interference with respect to a particular reference signal among the one or more reference signals satisfies a sending condition; as well as Data transmission is transmitted via a particular beam of the plurality of beams based on the one or more granted transmissions.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein determining the interference for each reference signal comprises: generating a beam interference value for a corresponding beam sent by each reference signal in the one or more reference signals; comparing the beam interference value with a beam interference threshold; as well as Whether to transmit the data via the specific beam is determined based on the corresponding beam interference value not exceeding the beam interference threshold.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein generating the beam interference value comprises multiplying a transmit power of a user equipment (UE) and a link gain between the network entity and the UE to estimate the beam interference value, and wherein the transmission condition comprises one or more beam interference thresholds.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein generating the beam interference value comprises: determining an adjusted transmit power based on a transmit power setting of a user equipment (UE) and power headroom information of the UE; as well as The adjusted transmit power and a link gain between the network entity and the UE are multiplied to estimate the beam interference value, wherein the beam interference value is an adjusted reference signal received power (RSRP) interference value.

26. An apparatus for wireless communication by a network entity, comprising: at least one processor; as well as a memory coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: transmitting one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam of a plurality of beams, and wherein the plurality of beams are in a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range; receiving one or more reference signals in response to the one or more pre-grant transmissions; determining interference for each of the one or more reference signals; determining whether to transmit data for the one or more pre-grant transmissions based on the interference for each reference signal; sending one or more grants to send based on determining that the interference with respect to a particular reference signal among the one or more reference signals satisfies a sending condition; as well as Data transmission is transmitted via a particular beam of the plurality of beams based on the one or more granted transmissions.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the apparatus is a first network entity operating in a time division multiplexing (TDM) mode, and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receiving timing information indicating an occupied transmission time of a particular frame from a second network entity; transmitting second data during another time period of the specific frame; and The second data is avoided from being transmitted during the occupied transmission time of the specific frame.

28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Frame configuration information indicating a transmission direction for each time slot of one or more frames, or dynamic frame configuration information indicating a transmission direction preference for each time slot of a specific frame is transmitted.

29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Avoid performing a channel sensing operation corresponding to the data transmission.

30. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the apparatus is a network entity operating in a frame-based mode of operation, wherein frames of the network entity are time-aligned with corresponding frames of one or more other network entities, and wherein frames of the frame-based mode of operation have a fixed duration for the one or more other network entities.

31. An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising: means for receiving one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is associated with a beam in a plurality of beams, and wherein the plurality of beams are in a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range; means for decoding said one or more pre-authorization transmissions; means for determining whether one or more decoded pre-authorized transmissions satisfy one or more quality conditions; means for transmitting one or more reference signals based on determining that the one or more decoded pre-grant transmissions satisfy the one or more quality conditions; means for receiving one or more grants to transmit in response to the one or more reference signals; as well as Means for receiving a data transmission based on the one or more authorized transmissions.

32. An apparatus for wireless communication by a network entity, comprising: means for transmitting one or more pre-authorized transmissions, wherein each pre-authorized transmission is transmitted via a beam of a plurality of beams, and wherein the plurality of beams are in a millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range; means for receiving one or more reference signals in response to the one or more pre-grant transmissions; means for determining interference for each of the one or more reference signals; means for determining whether to transmit data for the one or more pre-granted transmissions based on the interference for each reference signal; means for transmitting one or more grants to transmit based on determining that the interference with respect to a particular reference signal among the one or more reference signals satisfies a transmit condition; as well as Means for transmitting data via a particular beam of the plurality of beams based on the one or more granted transmissions.

33. A computer-readable medium having one or more computer instructions recorded thereon, which, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the one or more processors to perform the method for wireless communication according to any one of claims 1-10.

34. A computer-readable medium having one or more computer instructions recorded thereon, which, when executed by one or more processors of a network entity, cause the one or more processors to perform the wireless communication method according to any one of claims 22 to 25.

35. A computer program product comprising one or more computer instructions which, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the one or more processors to perform the method of wireless communication according to any one of claims 1-10.

36. A computer program product comprising one or more computer instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of a network entity, cause the one or more processors to perform the method for wireless communication according to any one of claims 22-25.

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