A method, device and storage medium for analyzing the development of water-conducting fissure zones in coal mines

Abstract

The present application provides a method for analyzing the development of water-conducting fissure zones in coal mines based on time-lapse seismic attributes, including the following steps: Step 1, obtaining a four-dimensional seismic data volume through time-lapse seismic, where the four-dimensional seismic data volume is composed of multiple sets of three-dimensional seismic data from different periods; Step 2, performing well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking on the four-dimensional seismic data volume in combination with borehole and logging data; Step 3, respectively extracting multi-scale structural attributes from multiple sets of the three-dimensional seismic data based on the results of well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking; Step 4, obtaining static models for the development of water-conducting fissure zones at different periods by using the multi-scale structural attributes; and Step 5, analyzing the dynamic evolution law of the development of water-conducting fissure zones according to the static models for the development of water-conducting fissure zones. Through this analysis method, it is possible to obtain the dynamic evolution law of the derivative fissure zones in overlying strata by analyzing the attributes of seismic data at different periods of coal seam mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, and in particular to a method, a device and a storage medium for analyzing the development of water-conducting fracture zones in coal mines. Background Art

[0002] On the one hand, coal mining changes the underground structure and damages the groundwater system; on the other hand, a large amount of mine water is discharged to the surface and then lost as a result of evaporation.

[0003] How to effectively protect and rationally utilize water resources while developing coal is the core content of green development of coal in western my country. Coal mine underground reservoirs are an effective way to resolve the contradiction between coal development and water resource protection in western my country. Coal mine underground reservoirs use the natural pores of the rock mass in the goaf as the main water storage space and purification channel, use the safety coal pillar as the artificial dam body, and build a supporting water supply and drainage system. A mine water resource protection and utilization system with the guiding ideology of "guiding, storing and using" has been established, laying the foundation for the green development of coal resources in western my country.

[0004] The use of the full caving method for coal seam mining will produce water-conducting fracture zones, causing groundwater to migrate along the water-conducting fracture zones. Therefore, studying the development law of water-conducting fracture zones is of great significance to the construction of underground water reservoirs in coal mines. At present, the research on water-conducting fracture zones can be divided into non-seismic methods and seismic methods. Non-seismic methods include: mechanical analysis method, numerical simulation method, similar material simulation method, statistical analysis method and field measurement method. The mechanical analysis method analyzes the influence of coal seam mining on the mechanical properties of overburden from the perspective of rock mass mechanics, and analyzes the characteristics of water-conducting fracture zones by combining field measurement and simulation; the numerical simulation method and the similar material simulation method use mathematical simulation and physical simulation methods respectively to simulate the deformation and movement of overburden under coal seam mining conditions, and then analyze the characteristics of water-conducting fracture zones; the statistical analysis method uses mathematical methods to establish mathematical models or empirical formulas by statistically analyzing the data and information related to the development of water-conducting fracture zones in the past, and then studies the information of water-conducting fracture zones; the field measurement method directly detects the development of fractures through engineering geophysical methods such as drilling, logging, and electrical methods. Seismic methods mainly refer to three-dimensional seismic technology. The presence of fractures can cause disturbances and faults in the seismic wave field. With the continuous development of three-dimensional seismic technology, its application in fracture interpretation has gradually received attention. Among them, fracture interpretation technology based on three-dimensional seismic post-stack attributes (such as curvature, coherence, spectral decomposition, etc.) has been widely used in actual production and has achieved good results. In the study of water-conducting fracture zones, three-dimensional seismic technology has also gradually begun to be used. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems in the above-mentioned prior art, the present application proposes a method, device and storage medium for analyzing the development of water-conducting fissure zones in coal mines. Through repeated three-dimensional seismic exploration and combined with consistency data processing and interpretation techniques, by studying the original conditions and attribute information of seismic profiles before coal seam and rock stratum mining, the changes of coal seam and rock stratum during mining, and the differential changes of coal seam and rock stratum after mining, the characteristics of the structure and lithology changes of coal seam and rock stratum under coal mining conditions are grasped, and the spatial characteristics and evolution laws of water-conducting fissure zones are studied, providing support for studying the changes in the storage capacity of underground reservoirs in coal mines and the water sources of reservoirs.

[0006] In a first aspect, the method for analyzing the development of water-conducting fissure zones in coal mines based on time-lapse seismic attributes provided by the present application includes the following steps: Step 1, obtaining a four-dimensional seismic data volume through time-lapse seismic exploration, and the four-dimensional seismic data volume is composed of multiple sets of three-dimensional seismic data in different periods; Step 2, performing well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking on the four-dimensional seismic data volume in combination with borehole and logging data; Step 3, extracting multi-scale structural attributes from multiple sets of the three-dimensional seismic data respectively based on the results of well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking; Step 4, obtaining static models of the development of water-conducting fissure zones in different periods by using the multi-scale structural attributes; and Step 5, analyzing the dynamic evolution law of the development of water-conducting fissure zones according to the static models of the development of water-conducting fissure zones. Through this analysis method, the dynamic evolution law of the derivative fissure zone in the overlying strata can be obtained by analyzing the attributes of seismic data in different periods of coal seam mining.

[0007] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the multi-scale structural attributes include coherence attributes, variance attributes and curvature attributes.

[0008] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, Step 4 specifically includes: obtaining the static models of the development of water-conducting fissure zones in different periods by comparing and determining one attribute in the multi-scale structural attributes or performing multi-attribute fusion.

[0009] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, Step 5 includes: determining the spatial characteristics of each period of coal seam mining on the basis of the static models of the development of water-conducting fissure zones; determining the dynamic changes in the development of water-conducting fissures in the overlying strata of coal seam mining according to the lithology characteristics of the overlying strata, the static models of the development of water-conducting fissure zones and the spatial characteristics.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the coherence attribute value is obtained by the following formula:

[0011]

[0012] wherein, i and j are the serial numbers of seismic traces; C ii is the autocorrelation of the i-th seismic trace, i = 1 or 2; C ijis the cross-correlation quantity between the i-th seismic trace and the j-th seismic trace, where i, j = 1 or 2, and i ≠ j; in the apparent dip (p, q), p and q are the time shifts between seismic traces in the x-direction and y-direction, respectively.

[0013] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the variance attribute value is obtained by the following formula:

[0014]

[0015] where x is the seismic trace; W is the smoothing operator; L is the variance window length; I is the number of adjacent traces required to calculate the variance at a certain point; and t is the time.

[0016] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the curvature attribute value is obtained by the following formula:

[0017]

[0018] where K is the curvature attribute value, dω is the angular change, ds is the corresponding arc length change, and R is the radius of the osculating circle.

[0019] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the four-dimensional seismic data volume is composed of 3 sets of three-dimensional seismic data.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present application provides a device for analyzing the development of water-conducting fissure zones in coal mines using the analysis method according to any one of the first aspect and its possible implementations. The device includes: a data acquisition module for obtaining a four-dimensional seismic data volume through time-lapse seismic, where the four-dimensional seismic data volume is composed of multiple sets of three-dimensional seismic data from different periods; a control module for performing well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking on the four-dimensional seismic data volume collected by the data acquisition module in combination with borehole and logging data; and an attribute extraction module for extracting multi-scale structural attributes from multiple sets of the three-dimensional seismic data respectively based on the results of well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking. Wherein, the control module is further configured to: obtain a static model of the development of water-conducting fissure zones in different periods using the multi-scale structural attributes extracted by the attribute extraction module; and analyze the dynamic evolution law of the development of water-conducting fissure zones according to the static model of the development of water-conducting fissure zones.

[0021] In a third aspect, the present application further provides a storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the analysis method according to any one of the first aspect and its possible implementations.

[0022] The method for analyzing the development of water-conducting fissure zones in coal mines provided by the present invention has the following advantages compared with the current water-conducting fissure zone prediction technology:

[0023] (1) Using seismic attribute analysis technology, it has a high resolution;

[0024] (2) By analyzing the seismic data attributes at different stages of coal seam mining, the dynamic evolution law of the derivative fracture zone in overlying strata can be obtained.

[0025] The above technical features can be combined in various suitable ways or replaced by equivalent technical features, as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The present invention will be described in more detail hereinafter based on embodiments and with reference to the drawings, wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for analyzing the development of water-conducting fracture zones in coal mines based on time-lapse seismic attributes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figures 2 to 5 shows a curvature attribute profile of four seismic explorations according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 shows a schematic block diagram of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals. The drawings are not drawn to actual scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the analysis method 100 provided in the present application. As Figure 1 shown, the analysis method 100 includes the following steps:

[0033] S110, obtaining a four-dimensional seismic data volume through time-lapse seismic, where the four-dimensional seismic data volume is composed of a plurality of three-dimensional seismic data at different times;

[0034] S120, performing well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking on the four-dimensional seismic data volume in combination with logging data;

[0035] S130, extracting multi-scale structural attributes from the three-dimensional seismic data based on the results of well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking;

[0036] S140, obtaining a static model of the development of the water-conducting fracture zone by using the multi-scale structural attributes; and

[0037] S150, analyzing the dynamic evolution law of the development of the water-conducting fracture zone according to the static model of the development of the water-conducting fracture zone.

[0038] In S110, the difference from the prior art is that the three-dimensional seismic method of the prior art can only reflect the occurrence of underground media at a certain moment, and it is difficult to analyze and study the dynamic evolution law of the water-conducting gap zone. In the embodiment of the present application, first, four-dimensional seismic data volume of the target area is obtained, that is, the time-lapse seismic means (the process of monitoring the dynamics of oil and gas reservoirs by using the differential seismic information obtained from repeated seismic observations of the same work area at different times in the same observation mode) is used to obtain the three-dimensional seismic data of the target area in different periods. Here, the four-dimensional seismic data volume is a combination of multiple time-lapse three-dimensional data volumes.

[0039] Then, in S120, according to the obtained four-dimensional seismic data volume (multiple three-dimensional seismic data based on time), combined with the pre-obtained borehole and logging data, well-seismic calibration and high-precision horizon tracking are carried out on the four-dimensional data volume to preliminarily study the structural changes in the target research area.

[0040] Specifically, for well-seismic calibration, first, the reflection coefficient is calculated using logging data, and the synthetic seismic record is obtained by convolving the wavelet with the reflection coefficient. The synthetic seismic record is compared with the seismic trace beside the well to determine the geological horizon. High-precision horizon tracking mainly uses manual methods to trace out the in-phase axis of the reflected waves belonging to the same interface according to the characteristics of wave groups, etc., and save the corresponding position and time data.

[0041] After well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking of the data volume, in S130, multi-scale structural attributes are extracted from each group of three-dimensional seismic data, including coherence attribute, variance attribute, and curvature attribute.

[0042] Specifically, first, regarding the extraction of seismic coherence attribute: based on the three-dimensional seismic data, the similarity of the waveform with adjacent traces is analyzed for each sample point of each seismic trace within an hour window, and the coherence value calculation formula is shown in Equation (1). All coherence values form a coherence volume, which is used to characterize the spatial distribution of formation fractures and fissures.

[0043]

[0044] Among them, C ii is the autocorrelation quantity of the i-th trace, i = 1 or 2; C ij is the cross-correlation quantity between the i-th trace and the j-th trace, i, j = 1 or 2, and i ≠ j; in the apparent dip angle (p, q), p and q are the time shifts between seismic traces in the x direction and y direction respectively.

[0045] Secondly, regarding the extraction of seismic variance attribute: calculate the variance value between adjacent seismic traces (Equation 2), and the larger the variance value, the more discontinuous the horizon.

[0046]

[0047] Where x is the seismic trace; W is the smoothing operator; L is the variance window length; I is the number of adjacent traces required to calculate the variance at a certain point; and t is the time.

[0048] Finally, regarding the extraction of seismic curvature attributes: Based on horizon tracking, calculate the degree of bending of the horizon plane. The definition of the curvature at a point is:

[0049]

[0050] Where K is the curvature attribute value, dω is the angular change, ds is the corresponding arc length change, and R is the radius of the osculating circle.

[0051] In S140, based on the multi-scale structural attributes extracted in S130, obtain the static model of the development of the water-conducting fissure zone. Specifically, for the multi-scale structural attribute data, according to the attribute display effect and referring to the mining geology personnel in this work area, by comparing and selecting a certain dominant attribute or performing multi-attribute fusion, obtain the static model of the development of the water-conducting fissure zone at different periods of coal seam mining. In this case, the static model of the development of the water-conducting fissure zone may include one or more attributes.

[0052] In S150, first, based on the static model, study the spatial characteristics such as the fracture and fissure development directions, planar distribution, and development height of the overlying strata at each period of coal seam mining, and analyze the influence of coal seam mining on them; second, combine the overlying strata lithology characteristics, the static models of fracture and fissure development at different periods, and their spatial characteristics, analyze the dynamic changes in the development of the water-conducting fissure zone of the overlying strata with coal seam mining, and study its deep geological laws.

[0053] Taking the curvature attribute as an example. Curvature is a two-dimensional feature of a curve, reflecting the degree of bending of the curve. The curvature attribute in seismic reflects the degree of bending of the strata and the development degree of fractures and cracks. Figures 2 to 5 It is the curvature attribute profile diagram of four seismic explorations carried out over time. The black arrow points to the working face position at the time of seismic data acquisition. It can be seen from the figure that with the coal mine mining, the curvature anomaly area at the coal seam part (about 150 ms) gradually moves towards the mining direction.

[0054] The structure of the analysis device 200 for executing the above analysis method 100 provided by this application is as Figure 6 shown. The device 200 includes:

[0055] A data acquisition module 210, which is used to obtain a four-dimensional seismic data volume through time-lapse seismic, and the four-dimensional seismic data volume is composed of multiple groups of three-dimensional seismic data at different periods;

[0056] A control module 220, which is used to perform well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking on the four-dimensional seismic data volume collected by the data acquisition module 210 in combination with borehole and logging data;

[0057] An attribute extraction module 230, which is used to respectively extract multi-scale structural attributes from multiple groups of the three-dimensional seismic data based on well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking results;

[0058] Wherein, the control module 220 is further configured to:

[0059] Obtain a static model of the development of water-conducting fissure zones at different times by using the multi-scale structural attributes extracted by the attribute extraction module 230; and

[0060] Analyze the dynamic evolution law of the development of water-conducting fissure zones according to the static model of the development of water-conducting fissure zones.

[0061] The functions of the above modules and the steps they execute have been introduced in detail above in combination with the analysis method 100, and will not be elaborated here.

[0062] In addition, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs, and the one or more programs can be executed by one or more processors to implement the above analysis method.

[0063] In the embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can also be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings show the possible architectures, functions, and operations of devices, methods, and computer program products according to multiple embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, a program segment, or a part of code, and the module, program segment, or part of code contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagram and / or flowchart, and the combination of blocks in the block diagram and / or flowchart, can be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system for performing the specified functions or actions, or can be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0064] In addition, in each embodiment of the present application, the various functional modules may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist separately, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.

[0065] When the above-mentioned functions are implemented in the form of software function modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a laptop, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memories (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disks, or optical discs. It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprise", "include" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, an element defined by the statement "comprising one..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the said element.

[0066] The processor may be an integrated circuit chip with the ability to process signals. The above-mentioned processor may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0067] The memory can be, but is not limited to, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electric Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), etc. Among them, the memory is also used to store programs. After receiving an execution instruction, the processor executes the program. The methods executed by the server defined by the processes disclosed in any embodiment of the embodiments of the present invention hereinafter can be applied to the processor or implemented by the processor.

[0068] The method 100 and device 200 for analyzing the development of water-conducting fissure zones in coal mines based on time-lapse seismic attributes proposed in this application, through repeated three-dimensional seismic exploration, combined with consistency data processing and interpretation techniques, by studying the original conditions and attribute information of seismic profiles before coal seam and rock stratum mining, the changes in coal seam and rock stratum during mining, and the differential changes in coal seam and rock stratum after mining, master the characteristics of the structure and lithology changes of coal seam and rock stratum under coal mining conditions, study the spatial characteristics and evolution laws of water-conducting fissure zones, and provide support for studying the changes in the storage capacity of underground coal mine reservoirs, reservoir water sources, etc.; in addition, using seismic attribute analysis technology, it has a high resolution.

[0069] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "bottom", "top", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0070] Although the present invention has been described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely examples of the principles and applications of the present invention. Therefore, it should be understood that many modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments, and other arrangements can be designed, as long as they do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that different dependent claims and the features described herein can be combined in a manner different from that described in the original claims. It should also be understood that the features described in connection with a single embodiment can be used in other described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing the development of water-conducting fissure zones in coal mines, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Obtain a four-dimensional seismic data volume through time-lapse seismic, and the four-dimensional seismic data volume is composed of multiple groups of three-dimensional seismic data in different periods; Step 2: Carry out well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking on the four-dimensional seismic data volume by combining borehole and logging data; among them, for well-seismic calibration, first calculate the reflection coefficient using logging data, perform convolution operation with the wavelet and the reflection coefficient to obtain a synthetic seismic record, and compare the synthetic seismic record with the seismic trace beside the well to determine the geological horizon. High-precision horizon tracking mainly adopts manual methods to trace out the in-phase axes of the reflected waves belonging to the same interface according to the wave group characteristics, and save the corresponding position and time data; Step 3: Based on the results of well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking, extract multi-scale structural attributes from multiple groups of the three-dimensional seismic data respectively; Step 4: Use the multi-scale structural attributes to obtain the static models of the development of water-conducting fissure zones in different periods; and Step 5: Analyze the dynamic evolution law of the development of the water-conducting fissure zone according to the static models of the development of the water-conducting fissure zone; among them, based on the static model, study the spatial characteristics of the overlying rock fracture and fissure development directions, planar distributions and development heights in each period of coal seam mining, analyze its influence by coal seam mining, and combine the overlying rock lithology characteristics and the static models and their spatial characteristics of fracture and fissure development in different periods to analyze the dynamic changes in the development of the overlying rock water-conducting fissure zone with coal seam mining, and study its deep geological laws.

2. The analysis method according to claim 1, wherein The multi-scale structural attributes include coherence attribute, variance attribute and curvature attribute.

3. The analysis method according to claim 2, characterized in that Step 4 specifically includes: Determine multi-attribute fusion by comparing the multi-scale structural attributes to obtain the static models of the development of the water-conducting fissure zones in different periods.

4. The analysis method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that The curvature attribute value is obtained by the following formula: where K is the curvature attribute value, dω is the angular change, ds is the corresponding arc length change, and R is the radius of the osculating circle.

5. The analysis method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The four-dimensional seismic data volume is composed of 3 groups of three-dimensional seismic data.

6. An apparatus for analyzing the development of water-conducting fissure zones in coal mines using the analysis method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, including; A data acquisition module, which is used to obtain a four-dimensional seismic data volume through time-lapse seismic, and the four-dimensional seismic data volume is composed of multiple groups of three-dimensional seismic data in different periods; A control module, which is used to carry out well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking on the four-dimensional seismic data volume collected by the data acquisition module by combining borehole and logging data; An attribute extraction module, which is used to extract multi-scale structural attributes from multiple groups of the three-dimensional seismic data respectively based on the results of well-seismic calibration and horizon tracking; Among them, the control module is also used for: Using the multi-scale structural attributes extracted by the attribute extraction module to obtain the static models of the development of the water-conducting fissure zones in different periods; and Analyzing the dynamic evolution law of the development of the water-conducting fissure zone according to the static models of the development of the water-conducting fissure zone.

7. A storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program, and the computer program, when executed by a processor, executes the steps of the analysis method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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