Enzymes enhance root uptake of agrochemically active compounds

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for protecting plants or plant protection materials from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids, nematodes and harmful weeds by treating the roots / shoots / seeds / soil with active compounds in combination with enzymes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for protecting plants or plant protection materials from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids, nematodes and harmful weeds by treating the roots / shoots / seeds / soil with active compounds in combination with enzymes. Background Art

[0002] Agrochemicals, including insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, miticides (or acaricides), and plant growth regulators, have been used in the form of emulsions, wettable powders, granules, dusts, and flowables. Various attempts have been made to improve the properties of these agrochemical formulations to achieve the maximum efficacy of agrochemicals. However, it is difficult to enhance the efficacy of agrochemicals by adjusting the formulation. It is even more difficult to develop new agrochemicals. Therefore, further enhancing the efficacy of existing agrochemicals will make a great contribution to the industry.

[0003] As substances capable of enhancing the efficacy of agricultural chemicals, surfactants containing various nitrogen-containing compounds such as quaternary ammonium salts, betaines and amine oxides are known. It is well known that among the above compounds, quaternized or further polyoxyethylated long-chain amines are effective for this purpose.

[0004] European Patent Publication No. 0 184288 discloses the use of esterases (such as lipases) or polysaccharidases (such as cellulases) as components of herbicide, insecticide, acaricide and the like compositions.

[0005] European Patent Publication 0 272 002 discloses the use of enzymes in combination with agricultural chemicals to enhance the activity of the agricultural chemicals.

[0006] US Patent No. 4762547 discloses the effect of enhancing the activity of agricultural chemicals in the presence of adjuvants. The effects of surfactants including nitrogen-containing compounds and enzymes capable of enhancing the efficacy of agricultural chemicals are not always satisfactory.

[0007] WO 94 / 13784 relates to the use of an antifungal composition comprising a synergistic combination of a fungal cell wall degrading enzyme selected from chitinolytic enzymes, glucanolytic enzymes and cellulases and a non-enzymatic fungicide selected from sterol synthesis inhibiting fungicides and sulfhydryl inactivating fungicides.

[0008] Agrochemicals are usually taken up by plants, where they move with water through capillary action in the xylem or phloem. Low water solubility of agrochemicals can lead to low concentrations in plants and, therefore, low efficacy against pests. Surfactants usually act on the cuticle of seeds or the cell walls of roots, thus, increasing the chances of more molecules entering the plant, but movement in the plant depends on its systemicity. Non-systemic compounds usually have very low water solubility and high lipophilicity (LogP>4). Therefore, even if non-systemic compounds can enter the plant with the help of surfactants, their upward movement in the plant is limited.

[0009] Generally, low water-soluble pesticides have lower root uptake via seed treatments.

[0010] Therefore, higher amounts of insecticides are required to control foliar insects.

[0011] It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the absorption of agricultural active ingredients by root uptake.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to significantly reduce the use rates of systemic agriculturally active compounds for seed treatment applications. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] Surprisingly, it was found that the use of enzymes helps to improve the penetration of agricultural active substances through the root / seed cuticle.

[0015] Thus, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, from weeds, comprising applying directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drenching the soil, applying to the soil by drip irrigation, by soil injection, by dipping, furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material:

[0016] at least one active compound; and

[0017] At least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases and xylanases.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to the use of at least one active compound and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases and xylanases for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes or from weeds, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drenching the soil, applying to the soil by drip irrigation, by soil injection, by dipping, in-furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0019] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a composition for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes or from weeds, comprising:

[0020] at least one active compound; and

[0021] At least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases and xylanases.

[0022] In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to seed comprising at least one active compound and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases and xylanases in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of seed or plant propagation medium.

[0023] In a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to a kit of parts comprising at least one active compound as a separate ingredient for use in combination with at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases and xylanases. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] definition

[0026] Before describing the compositions and preparations of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the compositions and preparations described, as these compositions and preparations can certainly vary. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is not intended to be limiting, as the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims.

[0027] If a group is defined below as including at least a certain number of embodiments, this means that a group preferably consisting only of these embodiments is also included. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)" etc. in the specification and claims are used to distinguish similar elements, and are not necessarily used to describe order or chronological order. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, and the embodiments of the present invention described herein can operate in other sequences beyond the description or examples herein. In the case where the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(A)", "(B)" and "(C)" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)", "i", "ii" etc. are related to the steps of method or use or measurement, unless otherwise specified in the application, there is no time or time interval consistency between the steps, that is, the steps can be performed simultaneously, or there can also be a time interval of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months or even years between such steps.

[0028] In the following paragraphs, different aspects of the present invention are defined in more detail. Unless explicitly stated to the contrary, each aspect so defined may be combined with any other one or more aspects. Specifically, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other one or more features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.

[0029] In this specification, reference to "one embodiment" or "embodiment" means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing in various places in this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but may do so. In addition, the specific features, structures or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In addition, although some embodiments described herein include some other features that are not included in other embodiments, the combination of features of different embodiments is intended to be within the scope of the present invention and to form different embodiments, as understood by those skilled in the art. For example, in the appended claims, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.

[0030] In addition, the ranges defined in this specification also include the endpoints, i.e., a range from 1 to 10 means that both 1 and 10 are included in the range. For the avoidance of doubt, the applicant is entitled to any equivalent rights under applicable law.

[0031] The "agriculturally active compound" as defined herein is selected from pesticides, safeners and / or growth regulators. The pesticide is further defined as a fungicide, insecticide, nematicide, herbicide.

[0032] method

[0033] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, from weeds, comprising applying directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drenching the soil, applying to the soil by drip irrigation, by soil injection, by dipping, furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material:

[0034] at least one active compound; and

[0035] At least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases and xylanases.

[0036] In one embodiment of the invention, the pesticide is selected from the group consisting of:

[0037] The following is a list of pesticides grouped according to the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) mode of action classification that may produce potential synergistic effects when used with the compounds of the present invention, illustrating possible combinations:

[0038] M.1 AChE inhibitors: aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb , methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb, triazamate, acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, Cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, d imethylvinphos), disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion,Mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos phos-methyl), profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, vamidothion;

[0039] M.2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists: cyclodiene organochlorine compounds: endosulfan, chlordane; phenylpyrazoles: ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole;

[0040] M.3 Sodium channel modulators: Pyrethroids: acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-transallethrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioallethrin, 2-cyclopentenyl bioallethrinS-cyclopentenyl), bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, (RS) cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate , flumethrin, taufluvalinate, halfenprox, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, prfluthrin ofluthrin), pyrethrin (pyrethrin (pyrethrum)), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin; sodium channel modulators: for example, DDT, methoxychlor;

[0041] M.4nAChR agonists: neonicotinoids: acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam; 4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-2-amine, (2E-)-1-[(6-chloropyridine-3 -yl)methyl]-N'-nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazinecarboximide; 1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; nicotine; sulfoxaflor; flupyradifurone; triflumezopyrim, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate, (3S)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate, (3S)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-3-pyrimidin-5-yl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate; (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-6-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-ethyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-alkoxide;

[0042] M.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators: spinosad, spinetoram;

[0043] M.6 Chloride channel activators: abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, milbemectin;

[0044] M.7 Juvenile hormone analogs: hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen;

[0045] M.8 Other multi-site inhibitors: methyl bromide, other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, tartar emetic;

[0046] M.9 String organ TRPV channel modulators: pymetrozine; pyrifluquinazon;

[0047] M.10 Mite growth inhibitors: clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin, etoxazole;

[0048] M.11 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membrane: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus and insecticidal proteins produced by them, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, Bt crop proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Ab1;

[0049] M.12 Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors: diafenthiuron, organotin acaricides, such as azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, tetradifon;

[0050] M.13 Oxidative phosphorylation decouplers that interfere with the proton gradient: chlorfenapyr, DNOC, sulfluramid;

[0051] M.14 nAChR channel blockers: nereis toxin analogs bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap-sodium;

[0052] M.15 Type 0 chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, for example: bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron;

[0053] M.16 Type 1 chitin biosynthesis inhibitor: buprofezin;

[0054] M.17 Molting disruptors: Dipteran, cyromazine;

[0055] M.18 Ecdysone receptor agonists, such as methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide, and chromafenozide;

[0056] M.19 Octopamine receptor agonists: amitraz;

[0057] M.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors: hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim; bifenazate;

[0058] M.21METI acaricides and insecticides, for example: fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, rotenone;

[0059] M.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizonev, 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide, N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide;

[0060] M.23 Acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors, such as spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat; spiropidion;

[0061] M.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, such as aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, zinc phosphide, cyanide;

[0062] M.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, such as cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen;

[0063] M.28 ryanodine receptor modulators: flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, (R)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, (S)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, cyclaniliprole, 2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1 methyl]-1,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxylate; N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 3-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)amino]carbonyl ]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (O.26.15); tetrachlorantraniliprole; N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; cyhalodiamide;

[0064] M.29 String organ regulator: flonicamid;

[0065] M.UN unknown mode of action: afidopyropen, afoxolaner, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, broflanilide, bromopropylate, chinomethionat, cryolite, dicloromezotiaz, dicofol, dimpropyridaz, flufenerim, flometoquin, fluensulfone, fluhexafon, fluopyram, fluralaner, metaldehyde, metoxadiazone, piperonyl butoxide butoxide), pyflubumide, pyridalyl, tioxazafen, 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azabispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradec-11-en-10-one, 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine, based on Bacillus firmus (Bacillus firmus) (Votivo, I-1582); flupyrimin; fluazaindolizine; 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-oxothiatin-3-yl)benzamide; fluxametamide; 5-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1H-pyrazole; 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dibromo -4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methylbenzamide; 4-cyano-3-[(4-cyano-2-methylbenzoyl)amino]-N[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]-2-fluorobenzamide; N-[5-[[2-chloro-6-cyano-4[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyanophenyl]-4-cyano-2-methylbenzamide;N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyanophenyl]-4-cyano-2-methylbenzamide; N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyanophenyl]-4-cyano-2-methylbenzamide; 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methylbenzamide; 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2 ,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methylbenzamide; N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyanophenyl]-4-cyano-2-methylbenzamide; 2-(1,3-dioxane-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)-5-thiazolyl]pyridine; 2-[6-[2-(5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridyl]pyrimidine; 2-[6-[2-(3-pyridyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridyl]pyrimidine; N-methylsulfonyl-6-[2 -(3-pyridinyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide; N-methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide; 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; 1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-5-ol; N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; N-cyclopropyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; N- Cyclohexyl-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; 2-(3-pyridyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; 2-(3-pyridyl)-N-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl]-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; 2-[[2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-5-yl]carbonyl]hydrazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester; N-[(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; N-(2,2-difluoropropyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; 2-(3-pyridyl)-N-(2-pyrimidinylmethyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide;N-[(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; Tyclopyrazoflor; sarolaner; lotilaner; N-[4-chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridinyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b] Pyridine; iscocycloseram; N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, N-[4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; acynonapyr; benzpyrimoxan; tigolaner; oxazosulfyl; N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid [(2 [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxytetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-yl] 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one;2-(6-chloro-3-ethylsulfonylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4 ,5b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(7-chloro-3-ethylsulfonylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-7-iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6 -(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-2-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-8-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-6(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine.

[0066] The commercially available compound M can be found in The Pesticide Manual, 18th edition, C. MacBean, British Crop Protection Council (2018) or http: / / bcpcdata.com / pesticide-manual.html, http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides. The active compounds described by IUPAC nomenclature are from CN103814937, WO2013 / 003977, WO2007 / 101369, WO2018 / 177970, CN10171577, CN102126994, WO2007 / 101540, WO2007 / 043677, WO2011 / 085575, WO2008 / 134969, WO2012 / 03440 3. WO2006 / 089633, WO2008 / 067911, WO2006 / 043635, WO2009 / 124707, WO2013 / 050317, WO2010 / 060 379. WO2010 / 127926, WO2010 / 006713, WO2012 / 000896, WO2007 / 101369, WO2012 / 14317, WO2015 / 037 8503, EP2910126, WO2015 / 059039, WO2015 / 190316, WO2012 / 126766, WO2009 / 102736, WO2013 / 116053, WO2018 / 052136.

[0067] In one embodiment of the invention, the fungicide is selected from the following list:

[0068] A) Respiratory depressants

[0069] Q oComplex III inhibitors of the site: azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, fenoxystrobin / flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, 2- (2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylallylideneaminooxymethyl)phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methylacetamide, pyribencarb, triclopyricarb / chlorodincarb, famoxadone, fenamidone, methyl N-[2-[(1,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-pyrazol-3-yl)oxymethyl]phenyl]-N-methoxycarbamate, metyltet rapole, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide, pyriminostrobin, bifujunzhi, methyl 2-(o-((2,5-dimethylphenyloxymethylene)phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate;

[0070] Q i Complex III inhibitors of the site: cyazofamid, amisulbrom, 2-methylpropionic acid (6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl ester, fenpicoxamid, florylpicoxamid;

[0071] Complex II inhibitors: benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil), fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isofetamid, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxygen Oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, pydiflumetofen, pyraziflumid, sedaxane, tecloftalam, thifluzamide, inpyrfluxam, pyrapropoyne, fluindapyr, N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methylpyrazole-4-yl]-pyrazole -formamide, (E)-2-[2-[(5-cyano-2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-3-methoxyprop-2-enoic acid methyl ester, isoflucypram, 2-difluoromethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-difluoromethyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1 -dimethyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-difluoromethyl-N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide;

[0072] Other respiratory depressants: diflumetorim; nitrophenyl derivatives: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam, meptyldinocap, ferimzone; organometallic compounds: fentin salts, e.g. fentin-acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide; ametoctradin; silthiofam;

[0073] B) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides)

[0074] C14 demethylase inhibitors: Triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole e), tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazolyl-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol, 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazolyl-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol, 4-[[ 6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole, 2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-5-(p-tolylmethyl)-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol; Imidazoles: imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizol;Pyrimidines, pyridines, piperazines: fenarimol, pyrifenox, triforine, [3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazol-4-yl]-(3-pyridyl)methanol;

[0075] Δ14-reductase inhibitors: 4-dodecyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (aldimorph), dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine;

[0076] 3-Ketoreductase inhibitor: fenhexamid;

[0077] Other sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: chlorphenomizole;

[0078] C) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

[0079] Phenylamide or acylamino acid fungicides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, ofurace, oxadixyl;

[0080] Other nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors: hymexazole, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, bupirimate, 5-fluorocytosine, 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-chlorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine;

[0081] D) Inhibitors of cell division and cytoskeleton

[0082] Tubulin inhibitors: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, pyridachlometyl, N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]butyramide, N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylthioacetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)butyramide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]- 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methoxyacetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-propylbutanamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methoxy-N-propylacetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylthio-N-propylacetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methylthioacetamide, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-amine;

[0083] Other cell division inhibitors: diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone, phenamacril;

[0084] E) Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

[0085] Methionine synthesis inhibitors: cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil;

[0086] Protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracyclin;

[0087] F) Signal transduction inhibitors

[0088] MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors: fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fludioxonil; G protein inhibitors: quinoxyfen;

[0089] G) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors

[0090] Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, isoprothiolane; lipid peroxidation: dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene, tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole, zinc thiazole;

[0091] Phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph, flumorph, mandipropamid, pyrimorph, benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, valifenalate;

[0092] Compounds and fatty acids that affect cell membrane permeability: propamocarb;

[0093] Oxysterol binding protein inhibitors: oxathiapiprolin, fluoxapiprolin, 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl] 4-[1-[2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[5-(difluoromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide -1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide, (4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide;

[0094] H) Inhibitors with multi-site action

[0095] Inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur;

[0096] Thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram;

[0097] Organochlorine compounds: anilazine, chlorothalonil, captafol, captan, folpet, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenole and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid;

[0098] Guanidine and others: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), dithianon, 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiadione[2,3-c:5,6-c']bipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone;

[0099] I) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

[0100] Glucan synthesis inhibitors: validamycin, polyoxin B;

[0101] Melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamid, dicyclomet, fenoxanil;

[0102] J) Plant defense inducers

[0103] Acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, isotianil, tiadinil, prohexadione-calcium; Phosphonates: fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts, calcium phosphonate, potassium phosphonate, potassium or sodium bicarbonate, 4-cyclopropyl-N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiadiazole-5-carboxamide;

[0104] K) Unknown mode of action

[0105] Bronopol, chinomethionat, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, diclocymet, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diphenylamine, fenitropan, fenpyrazamine, flumetover, sulfamethoxazole lusulfamide), flutianil, harpin, methasulfocarb, nitrapyrin, nitrothal-isopropyl, tolprocarb, oxin-copper, proquinazid, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, triazoxide, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3- N'-[5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-[5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-[5-bromo-6-(4-isopropylcyclohexyloxy)-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-[ [5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-phenylethoxy)-3-pyridinyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilylpropoxy)phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilylpropoxy)phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxyacetamide, 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyrisoxazole, 3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine, 5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole, ethyl (Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-enoate, picarbutrazox, pentyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridinyl]carbamate, but-3-ynyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridinyl]carbamate, ipflufenoquin, quinofumelin , benziothiazolinone, bromothalonil, 2-(6-benzyl-2-pyridyl)quinazoline, 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyridyl]quinazoline, dichlobentiazox, N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, pyrifenamine, fluopimomide, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxyethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine;

[0106] The fungicides described by the common names, their preparation and their activity, for example against harmful fungi are known (cf.: http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides / ); these substances are commercially available.

[0107] The fungicides mentioned above, their preparation and their activity, for example against harmful fungi, are known (cf.: http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides / ); these substances are commercially available. Also known are the compounds described by IUPAC nomenclature, their preparations and their insecticidal activity (see: Can. J. Plant Sci. 48 (6), 587-94, 1968; EP 141 317; EP 152 031; EP 226 917; EP 243 970; EP 256 503; EP 428 941; EP 532 022; EP 1 028 125; EP 1 035 122; EP 1 201 648; EP 1 122 244, JP 2002316902; DE 19650197; DE 10021412; DE 102005009458; US 3,296,272; US 3,325,503; WO WO 98 / 46608; WO 99 / 14187; WO 99 / 24413; WO 99 / 27783; WO 00 / 29404; WO 00 / 46148; WO 00 / 65913; WO 01 / 54501; WO 01 / 56358; WO 02 / 22583; WO 02 / 40431; WO 03 / 10149; WO 03 / 11853; WO 03 / 14103; WO 03 / 16286; WO 03 / 53145; WO 03 / 61388; WO 03 / 66609; WO 03 / 74491; WO 04 / 49804; WO 04 / 83193;WO 05 / 120234;WO 05 / 123689; WO 05 / 123690; WO 05 / 63721; WO 05 / 87772; WO 05 / 87773; WO 06 / 15866; WO 06 / 87325; WO 06 / 87343; WO 07 / 82098; WO 07 / 90624, WO 10 / 139271, WO 11 / 028657, WO 12 / 168188, WO 07 / 006670, WO 11 / 77514;WO 13 / 047749, WO 10 / 069882, WO 13 / 047441, WO 03 / 16303, WO 09 / 90181, WO 13 / 007767, WO 13 / 010862, WO 13 / 127704, WO 13 / 024009, WO 13 / 24010, WO 13 / 047441, WO 13 / 162072, WO 13 / 092224, WO 11 / 135833, CN 1907024, CN 1456054, CN 103387541, CN 1309897, WO 12 / 84812, CN 1907024、WO 094442、WO 14 / 60177, WO 13 / 116251, WO WO 08 / 013622, WO 15 / 65922, WO 94 / 01546, EP 2865265, WO 07 / 129454, WO 12 / 165511, WO 11 / 081174, WO 13 / 47441). Some compounds are identified by their CAS Registry Number. ;

[0108] In one embodiment of the invention, the herbicide is selected from:

[0109] Acetamides: acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, flufenacet, mefenacet, metolachlor, metazachlor, naproxamide, naproanilide, pethoxamid, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor;

[0110] Amino acid derivatives: bialafos, glyphosate, glufosinate, sulfosate;

[0111] Aryloxyphenoxypropionates: clodinafop, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P-tefuryl;

[0112] Bipyridines: diquat, paraquat;

[0113] (Thio)carbamates: asulam, butylate, carbetamide, desmedipham, dimepiperate, eptam (EPTC), esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, phenmedipham, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb, triallate;

[0114] Cyclohexanedione: butroxydim, clethodim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim;

[0115] Dinitroanilines: benfluralin, ethalfluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, trifluralin;

[0116] Diphenyl ethers: acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, diclofop, ethoxyfen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen;

[0117] Hydroxybenzonitriles: bromoxynil, dichlobenil, ioxynil;

[0118] Imidazolinones: imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr;

[0119] Phenoxyacetic acids: clomeprop, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4-dichlorobutyric acid (2,4-DB), 2,4-dichloropropionic acid (dichlorprop), 2-methyl-4-chloro (MCPA), MCPA-thioethyl, 2-methyl-4-chlorobutyric acid (MCPB), 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid (mecoprop);

[0120] Pyrazines: chloridazon, flufenpyrethyl, fluthiacet, norflurazon, pyridate;

[0121] Pyridines: aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, picloram, picolinafen, thiazopyr, triclopyr (butyloxyethyl 2-[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)oxy]acetate);

[0122] Sulfonylureas: amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron, tritosulfuron, 1-((2-chloro-6-propyl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-3-yl)sulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea;

[0123] Triazines: ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethametryn, ethiozin, hexazinone, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, triaziflam;

[0124] Ureas: chlortoluron, daimuron, diuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, tebuthiuron;

[0125] Other acetolactate synthase inhibitors: bispyribac-sodium, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone, flumetsulam, metosulam, ortho-sulfamuron, penoxsulam, propoxy carbazone, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam;

[0126] Others: amicarbazone, aminotriazole, anilofos, beflubutamid, benazolin, bencarbazone, benfuresate, benzofenap, bentazone, benzobicyclon, bicyclopyrone, bromacil, bromobutide, butachlor fenacil, butamifos, cafenstrole, carfentrazone, cinidon-ethyl, chlorthal, cinmethylin, clomazone, cumyluron, cyprosulfamide, dicamba, difenzoquat, diflufenzopyr, Drechslera monoceras), endothal, ethofumesate, etobenzanid, fenoxasulfone, fentrazamide, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flupoxam, fluorochloridone, flurtamone, indanofan, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, lenacil, propanil, propyzamide, quinclorac, quinmerac, mesotrione, methyl arsenic acidacid), naptalam, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxaziclomefone, pentoxazone, pinoxaden, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazoxyfen, pyrazolynate, quinoclamine, saflufenacil, sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, terbacil, tefurylt rione, tembotrione, thiencarbazone, topramezone, ethyl (3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-trifluoromethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)phenoxy]pyridin-2-yloxy)acetate, methyl 6-amino-5-chloro-2-cyclopropylpyrimidine-4-carboxylate, 6-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropyl-6-methylphenoxy)pyridazin-4-ol, 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate and methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-3-dimethylamino-2-fluorophenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylate.

[0127] In one embodiment of the invention, the pesticide is a systemic pesticide.

[0128] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pesticide is selected from the group consisting of fipronil, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, Flupyradifuron, sulfoxaflor, methiocarb, tefluthrin, flumethrin, cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, acetodicarb 105, Cyazypyr, Rynaxapyr, thiodicarb, trifluanid (medium ion type), acetylphos, chlorpyriphos, broflanilide, dimpropyridaz. In one embodiment of the present invention, the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, xylanases, and any combination thereof.

[0129] In another embodiment of the present invention, the enzyme is a cutinase.

[0130] In one embodiment of the present invention, the biological sources and databases / information sources are shown in Table A below.

[0131] Table A:

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] In another embodiment of the present invention, the Cutinase is Cutinase 1 having the sequence

[0135] SEQ NO.1

[0136] APLPDTPGAPFPAVANFDRSGPYTTSSQSEGPSCRIYRPRDLGQGGVRHPVILWGNGTGAGPSTYAGLLSHWASHGFVVAAAETSNAGTGREMLACLDYLVRENDTPYGTYSGKLNTGRVGTSGHSQGG GGSIMAGQDTRVRTTAPIQPYTLGLGHDSASQRRQQGPMFLMSGGGDTIAFPYLNAQPVYRRANVPVFWGERRYVSHFEPVGSGGAYRGPSTAWFRFQLMDDQDARATFYGAQCSLCTSLLWSVERRGL

[0137] In another embodiment of the present invention, the Cutinase is Cutinase 2 having the sequence

[0138] SEQ NO.2

[0139] APLPDTPGAPFPAVANFDRSGPYTVSSQSEGPSCRIYRPRDLGQGGVRHPVILWGNGTGAGPSTYAGLLSHWASHGFVVAAAETSNAGTGREMLACLDYLVRENDTPYGTYSGKLNTGRVGTSGHSQGG GGSIMAGQDTRVRTTAPIQPYTLGLGHDSASQRRQQGPMFLMSGGGDTIAFPYLNAQPVYRRANVPVFWGERRYVSHFEPVGSGGAYRGPSTAWFRFQLMDDQDARATFYGAQCSLCTSLLWSVERRGL

[0140] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the Cutinase is Cutinase 4 having the sequence

[0141] SEQ NO.4

[0142] APLPDTPGAPLPAVANFDRSGPYATSNQSEGPSCRIYRPSNLGQGGVRHPVILWGNGTGTGPSTYAGLLSHWASHGFVVAAAETSNAGTGREMLACLDYLVRENDNPYGTYAGKLNTGRVGTSGHSQGG GGSIMAGQDTRVRTTAPIQPYTIGLGHDSASQRRQQGPMFLMSGGGDTIAIPYLNAQPVYLRANVPVFWGERRYVSHFEPVGDGGAYRGPSTAWFRFQLMDDQSARGTFYGTLCSLCSSLLWSVERRGF

[0143] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the Cutinase is Cutinase 9 having the sequence

[0144] SEQ NO.9

[0145] APLPDTPGAPFPSVSNFDRSGPYATTSRSEGPNCRVYRPATLGQNGVRHPIVLWGNGTGTGPTAYSGLLSHWASHGFVVAAAETSNAGTGEQMLACLDYLVQESNRTYGTYVGVLNTGRVGTSGHSQGG GGSIMAGQDERVSVTAPIQPYTIGLGHDSASQRNQQGPMFLMSGGGDTIAFPYLNAQPVYTRANVPVFWGERRYVSHFEPVGDGGAYRGPSTAWFRYHLMEDETARSTFYGRFCGLCTSVLWTEERKDIE

[0146] In one embodiment of the invention, the nucleic acid sequence is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO. 1, 2, 4, 9.

[0147] In one embodiment of the present invention, the nucleic acid sequence is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85% identical to any one of SEQ ID NO. 1, 2, 4, 9.

[0148] In one embodiment of the present invention, the nucleic acid sequence has at least 85% identity with any one of SEQ ID NO. 1, 2, 4, 9.

[0149] In one embodiment of the present invention, the nucleic acid sequence has at least 85% identity with any one of SEQ ID NO.1.

[0150] In one embodiment of the present invention, the nucleic acid sequence has at least 85% identity with any one of SEQ ID NO.2.

[0151] In one embodiment of the present invention, the nucleic acid sequence has at least 85% identity with any one of SEQ ID NO.4.

[0152] In one embodiment of the present invention, the nucleic acid sequence has at least 85% identity with any one of SEQ ID NO.9.

[0153] In one embodiment, the enzyme may be used as a solution or an immobilized enzyme.

[0154] In another embodiment, any of the enzymes described herein can be immobilized on a matrix, support, or particle.

[0155] For example, the matrix, carrier or particle may comprise charcoal, biochar, nanocarbon, agarose, alginate, cellulose, a cellulose derivative, perlite, silica, plastic, stainless steel, glass, polystyrene, ceramic, dolomite, clay, diatomaceous earth, talc, a polymer, glue, a water-dispersible material or any combination thereof.

[0156] Immobilizing an enzyme on a matrix or support can result in slower release of the enzyme compared to the release rate of the same non-immobilized enzyme under the same conditions.

[0157] use

[0158] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of at least one active compound and at least one enzyme for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, or from weeds, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drenching the soil, applying to the soil by drip irrigation, by soil injection, by impregnation, furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0159] In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drenching the soil.

[0160] In another embodiment of the invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drip irrigation onto the soil.

[0161] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by soil injection.

[0162] In another embodiment of the invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drip irrigation.

[0163] In another embodiment of the invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by in-furrow application.

[0164] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by treating the plant propagation material.

[0165] In another embodiment of the present invention the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by soaking the plant propagation material.

[0166] In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one active compound as a herbicide and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to plants and / or plant propagation material to kill the plants or inhibit root / shoot growth, which facilitates pre-emergence or early season herbicide applications.

[0167] The active compounds and enzymes can be applied as granules as a T-strip or in-furrow treatment.

[0168] Granular or liquid T-band applications are placed in front of the furrow closure wheels using a plastic diffuser. Typically, the band coverage pattern is approximately a few inches wide over the open furrow.

[0169] Use plastic tubing to direct in-furrow treatments into the open trench.

[0170] The liquid formulation is applied as a T-strip over the furrow.

[0171] For example, a cone seeding machine is used to plant seeds and a drip nozzle is placed on the sowing furrow. The boom can be moved up and down to change the belt width. A flat fan nozzle can also be used: perpendicular to the row of the belt and parallel to the row of sowing in the furrow. The position of the boom is between the furrowing device and the soil compacting device (some (belts) or all (sowing in the furrow) sprays are introduced into the furrow, and then the furrow is closed). When using in the furrow, the active compound can be applied simultaneously with the planting of the seed (such as granules, liquids and other formulation types). Alternatively, the nozzle can also be placed after the soil compactor, so that the liquid preparation containing the active compound is completely surface sprayed.

[0172] The active compounds according to the invention are also suitable for treating seed for protecting the seed from insect pests, especially soil-born insect pests, and for protecting the resulting plant roots and shoots from soil pests and foliar insects.

[0173] The active compounds of the invention can be used in particular for protecting seeds from soil pests and protecting the roots and shoots of the resulting plants from soil pests and foliar insects. Preference is given to protecting the roots and shoots of the plants. More preferably, the shoots of the resulting plants are protected from piercing-sucking mouthparts insects, with protection from aphids being most preferred.

[0174] The present invention therefore includes a method for protecting seeds from insects, especially soil insects, and protecting roots and young shoots of rice seedlings from insects, especially soil and foliar insects, which comprises contacting the seeds with an active compound according to the invention before sowing and / or after pregermination. Particularly preferred are methods in which the roots and young shoots of plants are protected, more preferably methods in which the young shoots of plants are protected from piercing-sucking mouthparts insects, most preferably methods in which the young shoots of plants are protected from aphids.

[0175] The term seed includes all kinds of seeds and plant propagules, including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corms, bulbs, fruits, tubers, grains, cuttings, cut shoots, etc., and in preferred embodiments refers to true seeds.

[0176] The term seed treatment includes all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking and seed pelleting.

[0177] The present invention also includes seeds coated with or containing the active compound.

[0178] The term "coated with and / or containing" generally means that the active ingredient is mostly on the surface of the propagation product when applied, but a greater or lesser portion of the ingredient may penetrate into the propagation product, depending on the application method. When the propagation product is (re)planted, it can absorb the active ingredient.

[0179] crop

[0180] The invention relates to methods of use on natural substrates (soil) or artificial (growing) substrates (e.g. rock wool, glass wool, quartz sand, gravel, expanded clay, vermiculite) in open or closed systems (e.g. greenhouses or under film coverings) and on annual crops (e.g. vegetables, spices, ornamentals) or perennial crops (e.g. citrus, fruits, tropical crops, spices, nuts, vines, conifers and ornamentals).

[0181] It has now been found that the problems associated with combating soil-borne pests by pesticide treatment of the soil can be overcome by such application methods using the compounds described in the present invention.

[0182] Animal pests, i.e., insects, spiders and nematodes, plants, water bodies or soils where plants grow can be contacted with the active compounds described in the present invention containing them by any application method known in the art. Therefore, "contacting" includes both direct contact (applying the compound / composition directly to the animal pest or plant) and indirect contact (applying the compound / composition to the place of the animal pest or plant). When contacting a plant, it is usually contacted with the tuber, bulb or root of the plant. The active compound of the present invention can be further applied to other parts of the plant, such as leaves in the case of foliar application, or plant propagation materials, such as seeds in the case of seed treatment.

[0183] The active compounds described in the present invention or the pesticidal compositions comprising them can be used to protect growing plants and crops from attack or infestation by animal pests, especially insects, acarids or spiders, by contacting the plants / crops with a pesticidally effective amount of the active compounds of the present invention. The term "crops" refers to both growing and harvested crops.

[0184] Therefore, for the purposes and purposes of the present invention, vegetables are understood to mean, for example, fruit and flowering vegetables, i.e. bell peppers, peppers, tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, pumpkins, courgettes, broad beans, runner beans, dwarf beans, peas, artichokes and corn. Others also include leafy vegetables, such as lettuce, chicory, endive, various types of celery, arabica, wild lettuce, cabbage, leek, spinach and chard. In addition, there are tuber vegetables, root vegetables and stem vegetables, such as celery root / celery, beetroot, carrot, radish, horseradish, scorching onion, asparagus, beet for human consumption, palm core and bamboo shoots. In addition, bulb vegetables, such as onions, leeks, fennel and garlic. Brassica vegetables, such as cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, red cabbage, white cabbage, kale, savoy cabbage, Brussels sprouts and Chinese cabbage are also vegetables within the meaning of the present application.

[0185] For the purposes and uses of the present invention, perennial crops are understood to mean citrus fruits, such as orange, grapefruit, tangerine, lemon, lime, kumquat and satar. Also pome fruits, such as apple, pear and quince; and stone fruits, such as peach, nectarine, cherry, plum, quetsch, apricot. In addition, there are grapevines, hops, olives, tea and tropical crops such as mango, papaya, fig, pineapple, date palm, banana, durian, persimmon, coconut, cocoa, coffee, avocado, lychee, passion fruit (Maracujas) and guava. In addition, there are berries, such as gooseberry, ribes, raspberry, blackberry, blueberry, strawberry, cranberry, kiwi and American cranberry. Almonds and nuts, such as hazelnut, walnut, pistachio, cashew, Brazil nut, American pecan, butternut, chestnut, hickory nut, macadamia nut and peanut are also fruits within the meaning of the present invention.

[0186] For the purposes of the present invention, ornamental plants are to be understood as meaning annual and perennial plants, for example cut flowers, such as roses, carnations, gerberas, lilies, chrysanthemums, chrysanthemums, tulips, daffodils, anemones, poppies, hippeastrum, dahlias, azaleas, hibiscus, and for example border plants, potted plants and perennial plants, for example roses, marigolds, violets, geraniums, evening primroses, hibiscus, chrysanthemums, impatiens, cyclamen, African violets, sunflowers, begonias.

[0187] Furthermore, there are, for example, shrubs and conifers such as Ficus, Rhododendron, Abies, Picea, Pinus, Yew, Juniperus, Umbelliferae, Oleander.

[0188] For the purposes of the use described, spices are understood to mean annual and perennial plants, for example fennel seeds, chili peppers, red peppers, pepper, vanilla, betel nut, thyme, cloves, juniper berries, cinnamon, angustifolia, coriander, saffron, ginger. In addition, the compounds according to the invention and compositions comprising them are particularly important for controlling a large number of insects on a variety of cultivated plants, such as cereals and oil crops, for example durum wheat and other wheat, barley, oats, rye, corn (fodder corn and sugar corn / sweet corn and field corn), soybeans, oil crops, crucifers, cotton, bananas, rice, rapeseed rape, turnip rape, sugar beet, fodder beet, eggplant, potato, grass, lawn, turf, fodder grass, sugar cane or tobacco seeds.

[0189] The compounds of the invention may also be applied prophylactically to locations where pests are expected to occur."Locus" refers to a habitat, breeding ground, plant, seed, soil, area, material or environment in which a pest or parasite grows or may grow.

[0190] The term "plant propagation material" is understood to mean all propagation parts of a plant, such as seeds, and asexual plant materials such as cuttings and tubers (e.g., potatoes) that can be used to propagate plants. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, underground stems, shoots, buds and other plant parts. It may also include rice seedlings and seedlings that are transplanted from the soil after germination or emergence. These plant propagation materials may be treated preventively with plant protection compounds at or before planting or transplanting.

[0191] The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as including plants that have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering. Genetically modified plants are plants whose genetic material has been modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that are not easily obtained under natural conditions by hybridization, mutation or natural recombination. One or more genes are usually integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant. Such genetic modifications also include, but are not limited to, targeted post-translational modifications of proteins (oligo- or polypeptides), for example by glycosylation or polymer addition such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties (e.g. as disclosed in Biotechnol Prog. 2001 Jul-Aug; 17(4):720-8, Protein Eng Des Sel. 2004 Jan; 17(1):57-66, Nat Protoc. 2007; 2(5):1225-35, Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2006 Oct; 10(5):487-91, Epub 2006 Aug 28, Biomaterials. 2001 Mar; 22(5):405-17, Bioconjug Chem. 2005 Jan-Feb; 16(1):113-21).

[0192] The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as also including plants which have been rendered tolerant to the application of particular classes of herbicides, for example as a result of conventional breeding or genetic engineering methods, for example hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors; acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors such as sulfonylureas (see, for example, US 6,222,100, WO 01 / 82685, WO 00 / 26390, WO 97 / 41218, WO 98 / 02526, WO 98 / 02527, WO 04 / 106529, WO 05 / 20673, WO 03 / 14357, WO 03 / 13225, WO 03 / 14356, WO 04 / 16073) or imidazolinones (see, for example, US 6,222,100, WO 01 / 82685, WO 00 / 026390, WO 97 / 41218, WO 98 / 002526, WO 98 / 02527, WO 04 / 106529, WO 05 / 20673, WO 03 / 014357, WO 03 / 13225, WO 03 / 14356, WO 04 / 16073); enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitors such as glyphosate (see, for example, WO 92 / 00377); glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors such as glufosinate (see, for example, EP-A 0242236, EP-A 242246) or oxynil herbicides (see, for example, US 5,559,024). Several cultivated plants have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by conventional breeding (mutagenesis) methods, for example Summer rapeseed (Canola) is tolerant to imidazolinones such as imazamox. Genetic engineering methods have been used to make cultivated plants such as soybean, cotton, corn, sugar beet, and rapeseed tolerant to herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate, some of which are available under the trade names (glyphosate tolerant) and (tolerant to glufosinate) commercially available.

[0193] The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as also including plants that are capable, by the use of recombinant DNA techniques, of synthesizing one or more insecticidal proteins, in particular those known from bacteria of the genus Bacillus, in particular those known from Bacillus thuringiensis, for example alpha-endotoxins such as CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIF, CryIF(a2), CryIIA(b), CryIIIA, CryIIIB(b1) or Cry9c; plant insecticidal proteins (VIPs) such as VIP1, VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of nematode-colonizing bacteria such as Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp. spp.); toxins produced by animals such as scorpion toxins, spider toxins, wasp toxins or other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins such as pea or barley lectins; lectins; protease inhibitors such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cysteine ​​protease inhibitors or papain inhibitors; ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) such as ricin, corn-RIP, abrin, luffa seed protein, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolizing enzymes such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP glycosyltransferase, cholesterol oxidase, ecdysone inhibitor or HMG-CoA reductase; ion channel blockers such as sodium channel or calcium channel blockers; juvenile hormone esterase; diuretic hormone receptor (helicokinin receptor); stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinase or glucanase. For the purposes of the present invention, these insecticidal proteins or toxins are also clearly understood to be protoxins, hybrid proteins, truncated or otherwise modified proteins. The feature of hybrid proteins is the novel combination of protein domains (see, for example, WO 02 / 015701). Such toxins or other examples of genetically modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed in, for example, EP-A 374 753, WO 93 / 007278, WO 95 / 34656, EP-A427529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03 / 018810 and WO 03 / 052073. The method for producing such genetically modified plants is generally known to those skilled in the art and is, for example, described in the above-mentioned publications. These insecticidal proteins contained in genetically modified plants confer resistance to certain taxonomic arthropod insect pests, especially beetles (Coleoptera), flies (Diptera), butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) and plant-parasitic nematodes (Nematoda) on the plants producing these proteins.

[0194] The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as also including plants which, by using recombinant DNA techniques, are able to synthesize one or more proteins to increase their resistance or tolerance to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens. Examples of such proteins are so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PR proteins, see, for example, EP-A 0 392 225), plant disease resistance genes (e.g. potato cultivars expressing resistance genes for Phytophthora infestans from the wild Mexican potato Solanum bulbocastanum) or T4 lysozyme (e.g. potato cultivars capable of synthesizing these proteins with enhanced resistance to bacteria such as Erwinia amylvora). Methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the above-mentioned publications.

[0195] The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as also including plants which, by the use of recombinant DNA techniques, are capable of synthesizing one or more proteins to increase yield (e.g. biomass yield, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content), tolerance to drought, salt or other growth-limiting environmental factors or tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens thereof. The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as also including plants which, by the use of recombinant DNA techniques, contain altered amounts of substances or new substances in order, inter alia, to improve human or animal nutrition, for example oil crops which produce health-promoting long-chain ω-3 fatty acids or unsaturated ω-9 fatty acids (e.g. rape).

[0196] The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as also including plants which, by means of recombinant DNA techniques, have altered amounts of substances or new substances in order, inter alia, to improve raw material production, for example potatoes which produce increased amounts of amylopectin (e.g. Potato).

[0197] In one embodiment of the present invention, suitable seeds are seeds of various cereals, root crops, oil crops, vegetables, spices, ornamentals, such as durum wheat and other wheats, barley, oats, rye, corn (fodder corn and sweet corn / sweet corn and field corn), soybeans, oil crops, crucifers, cotton, sunflower, banana, rice, oilseed rape, turnip rape, sugar beet, fodder beet, eggplant, potato, grass, lawn, turf, pasture, tomato, leek, pumpkin / winter squash, cabbage, endive, pepper, cucumber, melon, Brassica species, melon, beans, peas, garlic, onion, carrot, tuber plants such as potato, sugar cane, tobacco, grape, petunia, geranium / scented pelargonium, pansy and impatiens.

[0198] In one embodiment of the present invention, a method or use for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by pests.

[0199] In particular, the present invention relates to a soil application method for combating soil-borne arthropod pests and nematode pests, which comprises applying to the soil a pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the present invention. The term "soil-borne" means that the habitat, breeding place, area or environment in which the pest or parasite grows or can grow is soil.

[0200] The use of the compounds of the invention extends to a wide range of different animal pests, especially soil pests. These include, but are not limited to, the following families:

[0201] Lepidoptera, for example Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsiagemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphanianitidalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus sempervirens lignosellus), Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bouliana, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis zea, Hellulaundalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeutamalinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lambdina fiscellaria, Laphygma exigua, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucopterascitella, Lithocolletis blancardella, Lobesia botrana), beet web borer (Loxostege sticticalis), gypsy moth (Lymantriadispar), Lymantria monacha, Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Mamestrabrassicae, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridromasaucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris brassicae, Plathypena scabra, Plutella xylostella, Pseudoplusiaincludens, Rhyacionia frustrana, Scropipalpula absoluta, Sitotrogacerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodopterafrugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusiani, Tuta absoluta and Zeiraphera canadensis; beetles (Coleoptera), for example, Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anoplophora glabripennis, Anthonomus serratus, grandis), Anthonomuspomorum, Aphthona euphoridae, Athoushaemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Blastophagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Ctenicera ssp., Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica punctata, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica spp. virgifera), Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Hylobiusabietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lemamelanopus, Leptinotarsa ​​decemlineata, Limonius californicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Melanotus communis, Meligethesaeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oulema oryzae, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus), Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllobiuspyri, Phyllotretachrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp., Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitonalineatus; flies and mosquitoes (Diptera), for example, Ceratitis capitata, Contarinia sorghicola, Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Delia antique, Delia coarctata, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Liriomyza oleracea, sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Oscinella frit, Pegomyah ysocyami, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phorbia coarctata, Psilarosae, Psorophora discolor, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Tipula oleracea and Tipula paludosa; Thrips (Thysanoptera), for example, Dichromothrips corbetti, Dichromothrips ssp., Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri), Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci; termites (Isoptera), for example Calotermes flavicollis, Leucotermesflavipes, Heterotermesaureus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes virginicus, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes grassei, Termes natalensis, and Coptotermes formosanus;

[0202] Beetles, aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies, scale insects, cicadas (Hemiptera), for example Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nezara viridula, Piesma quadrata, Solubea insularis, Thyanta perditor, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelgeslaricis, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis grossulariae, Aphisschneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrthosiphonpisum, Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphisplantaginea, Dysaphispyri, Empoasca fabae, Euschistos heros, Euschistos servus, Halyomorpha halys, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphonrosae, megacopta criberi, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myzodes persicae, Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus varians, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Nezara viridula, Nilaparvata planthopper lugens), Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phorodon humuli, Psylla mali, Psyllapiri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphismali, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobionavenae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiiand, Viteus vitifolii, Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipterus, Reduvius senilis, Triatoma species (Triatoma spp.) and Arilus critatus; ants, bees, wasps, sawflies (Hymenoptera), for example, Athalia rosae, leafcutter ants (Attacephalotes), Attacapiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Attatexana, Crematogaster spp., Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampatestudinea, Lasius niger, Monomorium pharaonis, Tropical fire ants (Solenopsis geminata), Red fire ants (Solenopsis invicta), Black fire ants (Solenopsis richteri), Southern fire ants (Solenopsis xyloni), Red ants (Pogonomyrmex barbatus), Pogonomyrmex californicus, Big-headed ants (Pheidole megacephala), Velvet ants (Dasymutilla occidentalis), Wasps (Polistes rubiginosa), Campodontus floridanus and Argentine ants (Linepithema humile; crickets, grasshoppers, locusts (Orthoptera), for example, Acheta domestica, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca gregaria, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Tachycines asynamorus, Oedaleus senegalensis, Zonozerus variegatus), Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Italian locust (Calliptamusitalicus), the Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera), and the brown migratory locust (Locustana pardalina);

[0203] Arachnoidea, such as spiders (Acarina), for example the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Ambryomma maculatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentorvariabilis, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holobiont, holocyclus), Ixodespacificus, Ornithodorus moubata, Ornithodorus hermsi, Ornithodorus turicata, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssusgallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Sarcoptes scabiei, and Eriophyidae spp., such as Aculus schlechtendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp., such as Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae spp., such as Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tetranychidae spp.), such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychustelarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus citri and Oligonychus pratensis; Araneida, for example Latrodectus mactans and Loxosceles reclusa. Other animal pests to be controlled and combated by the method of the present invention are: Pemphigidae: Eriosoma spp., Pemphigus spp., Anuraphis spp. on crops such as pome fruits, conifers, vegetables and ornamentals. spp.), Brachycaudus spp.

[0204] Psyllidae: Psylla spp., Paratrioza spp., Trioza spp. on crops such as citrus, vegetables, potatoes, and pome fruits.

[0205] Coccidae: Ceroplastes spp., Drosicha spp., Pulvinaria spp., Pro topuhninaria spp., Saissetia spp., Coccus spp. on perennial crops such as citrus, grapevines, tea, pome and stone fruits, tropical crops, ornamentals, conifers, and vegetables.

[0206] Diaspididae: Quadraspidiotus spp., Aonidiella spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Aspidiotus spp., Aspis spp., Diaspis spp., Parlatoria spp., Pseudaulacaspis spp., Unaspis spp., Pinnaspis spp., Selenaspidus spp. on crops such as citrus, tea, ornamentals, conifers, pome and stone fruits, grapevines, tropical crops.

[0207] Pseudococcidae: Pericerga, Pseudococcus spp., Planococcus spp., Phenacoccus spp., Dysmicoccus spp. on crops such as citrus, pome and stone fruits, tea, grapevines, vegetables, ornamentals, conifers, spices, and tropical crops.

[0208] Also in the family Aleyrodidae: Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleurodes spp., Dialeurodes spp., Parabemisia myricae on crops such as vegetables, melons, potatoes, tobacco, berries, citrus, ornamentals, conifers, cotton, potatoes and tropical crops.

[0209] There is also the family Aphidae:

[0210] Myzus spp. on tobacco, stone fruits, pome fruits, berries, Brassica vegetables, fruiting vegetables, leafy, yam and root vegetables, melons, potatoes, spices, ornamentals and conifers.

[0211] Aphis spp. on cotton, tobacco, citrus, melons, sugar beets, berries, oilseed rape, fruiting vegetables, leafy vegetables, brassica vegetables, yams and root vegetables, ornamentals, potatoes, pumpkins, spices. Yellow rose aphid (Rhodobium porosum) on strawberries,

[0212] Nasonovia ribisnigri on leafy vegetables,

[0213] Macrosiphum spp. on ornamental plants, cereals, potatoes, leafy vegetables, Brassica vegetables and fruits, strawberries, Toxoptera spp. on citrus plants, stone fruits, almonds, nuts, cereals, spices,

[0214] Aulacorthum species (Aulacorthum spp.) on citrus plants, potatoes, fruiting vegetables and leafy vegetables.

[0215] Also in the family Tetranychidae: Tetranychus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Panonychus spp., Oligonycbus spp., Eotetranychus spp., Bryobia spp. on crops such as vegetables, ornamentals, spices, conifers, citrus, stone and pome fruits, grapevines, cotton, berries, melons, potatoes. Tarsonemidae: Hermitarsonemus batus, Stenotarsonemus spp., Polyphagotarsonemus spp., Stenotarsonemus spinky on crops such as vegetables, ornamentals, spices, conifers, tea, citrus, melon.

[0216] Also included in the Thripidae family are: Anaphothrips spp., Baliothrips spp., Caliothrips spp., Frarikliruella spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercrnothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips spp., Scirtothrips spp., Selenothrips spp. and Thrips spp. on crops such as fruit, cotton, grapevines, berries, vegetables, melons, ornamentals, spices, conifers, tropical crops, tea. Also the following Agromyzidae: Liriomyza spp., Pegomya spp. on crops such as vegetables, melons, potatoes and ornamentals.

[0217] There are also the following foliar nematodes (Aphelenchoididae): for example Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi, A. fragariae, A. besseyi, A. blastophthorus on crops such as berries and ornamentals.

[0218] The method of the invention is applied to control and combat spiders, especially those from the family Tetranychidae: Tetranychus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Panonychus spp., Microonychus spp., Eotetranychus spp., and Bryobia spp.

[0219] The fungicidal active ingredients in the method according to the invention are also particularly suitable for combating phytopathogenic fungi.

[0220] They have excellent activity against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi of the classes Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Peronosporomycetes (synonym Oomycetes). Some of them are systemically effective and can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, seed dressing fungicides and soil fungicides. They can also be used for seed treatment.

[0221] They are particularly important for controlling a large number of fungi in a variety of cultivated plants such as wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, grasses, bananas, cotton, soybeans, coffee, sugar cane, grapevines, fruit and ornamental plants and vegetables such as cucumbers, beans, tomatoes, potatoes and cucurbits, and the seeds of these plants.

[0222] They are particularly suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:

[0223] Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e.g., A. candida), and sunflower (e.g., A. tragopogonis); Alternaria spp. (alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, rapeseed (A. brassicola or A. brassicae), sugar beet (A. tenuis), fruit, rice, soybean, potato (e.g., A. solani or A. alternata), tomato (e.g., A. solani or A. alternata), and wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beet and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables. spp.), such as A. tritici (anthracnose) on wheat and A. hordei on barley; Bipolaris spp. and Drechslera spp. (teleological forms: Cochliobolus spp.), for example leaf spot on maize (D. maydis or B. zeicola), for example leaf spot on cereals (B. sorokiniana and, for example, B. oryzae on rice and lawns; Blumeria (old name: Erysiphe) graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals (for example wheat or barley); Botrytis cinerea (tetramorph: Botryotinia cinerea) on fruits and berries (for example strawberries), vegetables (for example lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbage), rapeseed, flowers, grapevines, forest plants and wheat fuckeliana: gray mold); Bremialactucae (downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (synonym Ophiostoma) (rots or wilts) on broadleaf and evergreen trees, such as C. ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (cercospora leaf spot) on corn (e.g. gray leaf spot: C. zeae-maydis), rice, sugar beets (e.g. C. beticola), sugarcane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e.g. C. sojina or C. kikuchii), and rice; and Cercospora spp. (cercospora leaf spot) on tomatoes (e.g. C.fulvum: leaf mold) and Cladosporium spp. on cereals (e.g. C. herbarum (ear rot) on wheat); Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus spp. on maize (C. carbonum), cereals (e.g. C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana), and rice (e.g. C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae) spp.) (asexual form: Helminthosporium or Bipolaris) (leaf spot); Colletotrichum spp. (sexual form: Glomerella) (anthracnose) on cotton (e.g., C. gossypii), corn (e.g., C. graminicola: anthracnose stem rot), berries, potatoes (e.g., C. coccodes: black spot), beans (e.g., C. lindemuthianum), and soybeans (e.g., C. truncatum or C. gloeosporioides); Corticium spp. (sexual form: Glomerella) (anthracnose); spp.), such as C. sasakii (shear blight) on rice; Corynespora cassiicola (leaf spot) on soybeans and ornamentals; Cycloconium spp., such as C. oleaginum on olive trees; Cylindrocarpon spp. on fruit trees, grapevines (e.g. C. liriodendri, teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendri: blackfoot) and ornamental trees (e.g. fruit rot or grapevine blackfoot, teleomorph: Nectria spp. or Neonectria spp.); Dematophora (teleomorph: Rosellinia) necatrix (root / stem rot) on soybeans; Diaporthe spp.), such as D. phaseolorum (somatic canker) on soybeans; corn, cereals such as barley (e.g. D. teres, net blotch) and wheat (e.g. D.tritici-repentis (brown spot), Drechslera spp. (synonym Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) on rice and turf; Esca (vine wilt, dry blight) on grapevines caused by Formitiporia (synonym Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (formerly Phaeoacremoniumchlamydosporum), Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and / or Botryosphaeria obtusa; Elsinoe spp. on pome (E. pyri), berries (E. veneta: anthracnose) and grapevines (E. ampelina: anthracnose) spp.); Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut) on rice; Epicoccum spp. (smut) on wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powdery mildew) on sugar beet (E. betae), vegetables (e.g. E. pisi) such as cucurbits (e.g. E. cichoracearum), cabbage, rapeseed (e.g. E. cruciferarum); Eutypa lata (Eutypa canker or wilt, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, synonym Libertella) on fruit trees, grapevines and ornamental trees blepharis); Exserohilum (synonym Helminthosporium) species on corn (e.g. E. turcicum); Fusarium (tetramorph: Gibberella) species on various plants (wilt, root or stem rot), e.g. F. graminearum or F. culmorum (root rot, scab or silver tip) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley), F. oxysporum on tomatoes, F. solani (F. sp. glycines, now synonymous with F. virguliforme and F. tucumaniae and F. spp., each causing sudden death syndrome) on soybeans.brasiliense and F. verticillioides on maize; Gaeumannomyces graminis (take-all disease) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley) and maize; Gibberella spp. on cereals (e.g. G. zeae) and rice (e.g. G. fujikuroi: bakanae); Glomerella cingulata on grapevines, pome fruits and other plants and G. gossypii on cotton; Grainstaining complex on rice; Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on grapevines; Gymnosporangium spp. on Rosaceae and junipers. sabinae (rust) on pears; Helminthosporium spp. (synonym Entomophthora, teleomorph: Helminthosporium) on corn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., e.g. H.vastatrix (coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsis clavispora (synonym Cladosporium vitis) on grapevines; Macrophomina phaseolina (synonym phaseoli) (root / stem rot) on soybeans and cotton; Microdochium (synonym Fusarium) nivale (snow mold) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley); Microsphaera diffusa on soybeans. diffusa (powdery mildew); Monilinia spp., such as M. laxa, M. fructicola and M. fructigena (blossom and twig rot, brown rot) on stone fruits and other Rosaceae plants; Mycosphaerella spp., such as M. graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria leaf spot) on wheat or M. fijiensis (Sigatoka black spot) on bananas, on cabbage (e.g. P. brassicae), oilseed rape (e.g. P. parasitica), onion (e.g. P. destructor), tobacco (P.tabacina) and soybean (e.g., Peronospora spp.) (downy mildew) on soybeans (e.g., P. manshurica); Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. Meibomiae (soybean rust) on soybeans; Phialophora spp. on grapevines (e.g., P. Tracheiphila and P. tetraspora) and soybeans (e.g., P. gregata: stem disease); Phoma nigromaculata on rapeseed and cabbage (e.g., Phoma rapa on cabbage); lingam) (root and stem rot) and P. betae on sugar beet (root rot, leaf spot and damping-off); Phomopsis spp. on sunflower, grapevines (e.g. P. viticola: stalk and leaf spot) and soybeans (e.g. stem rot: P. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum); Physoderma maydis on corn. maydis (brown spot); Phytophthora spp. (wilt, root rot, leaf rot, stem rot, and fruit rot) on a variety of plants such as bell peppers and cucurbits (e.g., P. capsici), soybeans (e.g., P. megasperma, synonym P. sojae), potatoes, and tomatoes (e.g., P. infestans: late blight), and broadleaf trees (e.g., P. ramorum: sudden oak death); Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot) on cabbage, rapeseed, radishes, and other plants; Plasmopara spp. (Plasmopara spp.), for example P. viticola (downy mildew of grapevines) and P. halstedii on sunflowers; Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on rosaceae, hops, pome fruits and berries, for example P. leucotricha on apples; Polymyxa spp. on cereals such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar beets (P. betae).) and the viral diseases transmitted by them; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (eye spot disease, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae) on cereals such as wheat or barley; Pseudoperonospora (downy mildew) on various plants, such as P.cubensis on cucurbits or P.humili on hops; Pseudopezicula on grapevines. tracheiphila (grape leaf scorch or 'rotbrenner', anamorph: Phialophora); Puccinia spp. (rusts) on various plants, for example Puccinia triticina (brown or leaf rust), Puccinia striiformis (stripe or yellow rust) on cereals such as wheat, barley or rye, Puccinia hordei (yellow dwarf leaf rust of barley), Puccinia graminis (Puccinia gracilis) on cereals such as wheat, barley or rye. raminis) (stem rot or black rust) or P. recondita (brown rust or leaf rust) on wheat, P. kuehnii (orange rust) on sugarcane and P. asparagi on asparagus; Pyrenophora (Anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-repentis (yellow spot) on wheat or P. teres (net spot) on barley; Pyricularia species (Pyricularia spp.), such as P. oryzae (sexual form: Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast) on rice and P. grisea on turf and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, sugar beet, vegetables and a variety of other plants (e.g. Pythium ultimum or P. aphanidermatum); Ramularia spp., such as R. collo-cygni (R. collo-cygni leaf spot, physiological leaf spot) on barley and R. Beticola on sugar beet; Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice, potatoes, turf, corn, rapeseed, potatoes, sugar beet, vegetables and a variety of other plants. spp.), such as R. solani (root / stem rot) on soybeans, R. solani (sheath blight) on rice, or R.Cerealis (wheat sheath blight); Rhizopus stolonifer (black mold, soft rot) on strawberries, carrots, cabbage, grapevines and tomatoes; Rhynchosporium secalis (leaf spot) on barley, rye and triticale; Sarocladium oryzae and S. attenuatum (sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or white rot) on vegetables and field crops such as rapeseed, sunflower (e.g. S. sclerotiorum) and soybean (e.g. S. rolfsii or S. sclerotiorum); Septoria species (Septoria spp.) on a variety of plants. spp.), such as S. glycines (brown spot) on soybeans, S. tritici (Septoria leaf spot) on wheat, and S. (syn. Stagonospora) nodorum (spot blight) on cereals; Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator (powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidium tuckeri) on grapevines; Setospaeria spp. (leaf blight) on corn (e.g. S. turcicum, syn. Helminthosporium turcicum) and turf; Sphacelotheca spp. (head smut) on corn (e.g. S. reiliana: head smut), millet, and sugarcane. spp.) (smut); Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) on cucurbits; Spongospora subterranea (powdery scab) on potatoes and the viral diseases transmitted thereby; Stagonospora spp. on cereals, such as S. nodorum (spotted blight, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria [syn. Phaeosphaeria] nodorum) on wheat; Synchytrium endobioticum (potato cancer) on potatoes; Taphrina spp., such as T. deformans (leaf curl) on peach and T. pruni (plum capsule) on plum; Thielaviopsis spp. on tobacco, pome fruit, vegetables, soybeans and cotton.) (black root rot), such as black root rot (T. basicola) (synonym Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp. (bint or light bunt) on cereals, such as T. tritici (synonym T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversy (dwarf bunt) on wheat; Typhula incarnata (grey snow rot) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp. (Urocystis spp.) on cereals, such as T. tritici (synonym T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversy (dwarf bunt) on wheat; spp.), for example, U. occulta (striped smut) on rye; Uromyces spp. (rusts) on vegetables such as beans (e.g., U. appendiculatus, synonym U. phaseoli) and sugar beets (e.g., U. betae); Ustilago spp. (smut) on cereals (e.g., U. nuda and U. avaenae), corn (e.g., U. maydis: corn smut), and sugar cane; Venturia spp. (smut) on apples (e.g., V. inaequalis) and pears; spp.) (black scab); and Verticillium spp. (wilt) on a variety of plants, such as fruit and ornamental trees, grapevines, berries, vegetables and field crops, for example, Verticillium dahliae on strawberries, rapeseed, potatoes and tomatoes.

[0224] The compositions of the invention are suitable for controlling a large number of harmful plants, including monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds. They are particularly suitable for controlling annual weeds, such as grass weeds (grasses), including species of the genus Echinochloa, such as barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli var. crusgalli), species of the genus Digitaria, such as crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), species of the genus Setaria, such as green foxtail (Setaria vindis) and large foxtail (Setaria faberii), species of the genus Sorghum, such as Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense Pers.), species of the genus Avena, such as wild oats (Avenafatua), species of the genus Cenchrus, such as Cenchrus spp. echinatus, Bromus species, Lolium species, Phalaris species, Eriochloa species, Panicum species, Brachiaria species, annual bluegrass (Poa annua), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), Aegilops cylindrica, Agropyron repens, Apera spicaventi, Eleusine indica, Cynodondactylon, etc. The compositions of the present invention are also suitable for controlling a large number of dicotyledonous weeds, especially broadleaf weeds, including specific broadleaf weeds, including Polygonum species, such as wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvolus), Amaranthus species, such as pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), Chenopodium species, such as common fern (Chenopodium album L.), Sida species, such as spiny yellow flower mulberry (Sida spinosa L.), and other weeds.), Ambrosia species, such as common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisllfolia), Acanthos permum species, Anthemis species, Atriplex species, Cirsium species, Convolvulus species, Conyza species, such as horseweed (Conyza canadensis), Cassia species, Commelina species, Datura species, Euphorbia species, Geranium species, Galinsoga species, Morning glory (Ipomoea species), Lamium species, Malva species, Matricaria species, Sysimbrium species, Solanum species, Xanthium species, Veronica species, Viola species, Common chickweed (Stellaria media), Velvet leaf (Abutilon theophrasti), Hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata Cory), Anoda cristata, Bidens pilosa (Bidens pilosa) pllosa), Brassica kaber, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Centaurea cyanus, Galeopsis tetrahit, Galium aparine, Helianthus annuus, Desmodium tortuosum, Kochia scoparia, Mercurialisannua, Myosotis arvensis, Papaver rhoeas, Raphanusraphanistrum, Salsola kali, Sinapis arvensis, Sonchus arvensis, Thlaspi arvense, Tagetes minuta, and Richardia braslliensis.

[0225] Composition

[0226] In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a composition for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes or from weeds, comprising:

[0227] at least one active compound and

[0228] At least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases, and xylanases.

[0229] The agricultural chemical composition comprises an insecticidal effective amount of the active compound of the present invention. The term "effective amount" means a composition or compound I in an amount sufficient to control pests on cultivated plants or in material protection without causing significant damage to the treated plants. This amount can vary within a wide range and depends on a variety of factors such as the animal pest species to be controlled, the cultivated plants or materials to be treated, climatic conditions and the specific active compound of the present invention.

[0230] The active compounds of the invention, their N-oxides and salts can be converted into the types commonly used in agricultural chemical compositions, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, molded products, capsules and mixtures thereof. Examples of composition types are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), molded products (e.g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticide preparations (e.g. LN) and gel preparations for treating plant propagation materials such as seeds (e.g. GF). These and other composition types are defined in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical Monograph, No. 2, 6th edition, May 2008, CropLife International. The compositions are prepared in a known manner as described in Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005. Suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, defoamers, colorants, tackifiers and adhesives. Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as medium to high boiling mineral oil fractions, for example kerosene, diesel; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, paraffin, tetralin, alkylated naphthalenes; alcohols, such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol; glycols; DMSO; ketones, for example cyclohexanone; esters, for example lactic acid esters, carbonates, fatty acid esters, γ-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phosphonates; amines; amides, for example N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.

[0231] Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, for example silicates, silica gel, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, for example cellulose, starch; fertilizers, for example ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of plant origin, for example cereal flour, bark flour, wood flour and nut shell flour, and mixtures thereof.

[0232] Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emulsifiers, dispersants, solubilizers, wetting agents, penetration enhancers, protective colloids or adjuvants. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Volume 1: Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or North American Ed.).

[0233] Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or ammonium salts of sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates are alkyl aryl sulfonates, diphenyl sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalene, sulfonates of dodecyl and tridecylbenzene, sulfonates of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalene, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, sulfates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfates of alcohols, sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols or sulfates of fatty acid esters. Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters. Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates and carboxylated alcohols or alkylphenol ethoxylates.

[0234] Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants and mixtures thereof. Examples of alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters that have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents. Ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide can be used for alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide. Examples of N-substituted fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides. Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerides or monoglycerides. Examples of sugar-based surfactants are sorbitan, ethoxylated sorbitan, sucrose and glucose esters or alkyl polyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants are homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl alcohol or vinyl acetate.

[0235] Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with 1 or 2 hydrophobic groups, or salts of long chain primary amines. Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkyl betaines and imidazolines. Suitable block polymers are AB or ABA type block polymers comprising blocks of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, or ABC type block polymers comprising blocks of alkanol, polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene. Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamine or polyvinylamine.

[0236] Suitable adjuvants are compounds which themselves have negligible or even no pesticidal activity and which improve the biological performance of the active compounds of the invention on the target. Examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils and other adjuvants. Further examples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, Chapter 5.

[0237] Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (eg xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), inorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates and silicates.

[0238] Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones. Suitable antifreeze agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerol.

[0239] Suitable defoamers are silicones, long-chain alcohols and fatty acid salts.

[0240] Suitable colorants (for example red, blue or green) are low water-soluble pigments and water-soluble dyes. Examples are inorganic colorants (for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate) and organic colorants (for example alizarin colorants, azo colorants and phthalocyanine colorants).

[0241] Suitable tackifiers or adhesives are polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylates, bio- or synthetic waxes and cellulose ethers.

[0242] The agrochemical compositions generally comprise 0.01-95% by weight, preferably 0.1-90% by weight, more preferably 1-70% by weight and in particular 10-60% by weight of active substance. The active substances are used in a purity (according to NMR spectrum) of 90-100%, preferably 95-100%.

[0243] In order to treat plant propagation materials, especially seeds, solutions (LS) for seed treatment, suspended emulsions (SE), flowable concentrates (FS), powders for dry treatment (DS), water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment (WS), water-soluble powders (SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are generally used. The composition gives an active substance concentration of 0.01-60 wt %, preferably 0.1-40 wt % in a ready-to-use preparation after dilution 2-10 times. Application can be carried out before or during sowing. The application methods of the active compounds of the present invention and their compositions on plant propagation materials, especially seeds, respectively, include seed dressing, coating, granulation, dusting and soaking, as well as in-furrow application methods of propagation materials. It is preferred that the active compounds of the present invention or their compositions are applied to plant propagation materials respectively by a method that does not induce germination, such as by seed dressing, granulation, coating and dusting.

[0244] When used in plant protection, the active substance application rates are, depending on the kind of effect desired, from 0.001 to 2 kg / ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg / ha, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg / ha and in particular from 0.1 to 0.75 kg / ha.

[0245] In the treatment of plant propagation material such as seeds, for example by dusting, coating or impregnating seeds, the amount of active substance required is usually 0.1-1000g / 100kg, preferably 1-1000g / 100kg, more preferably 1-100g / 100kg, most preferably 5-100g / 100kg plant propagation material (preferably seeds).

[0246] When used to protect materials or stored products, the amount of active substance applied depends on the type of application area and the desired effect. The amount commonly used in material protection is, for example, 0.001 g-2 kg, preferably 0.005 g-1 kg active substance per cubic meter of material to be treated.

[0247] Various types of oils, wetting agents, adjuvants, fertilizers or micronutrients and other pesticides (e.g. herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners) may be added to the active substances or compositions containing them as premixes or, if appropriate, added immediately before use (tank mix). These agents may be mixed with the composition of the invention in a weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1.

[0248] The user usually uses the composition of the present invention in a pre-dosing device, a small backpack sprayer, a spray can, a spray plane or an irrigation system. Usually, the agricultural chemical composition is formulated with water, a buffer and / or other adjuvants to the desired application concentration to obtain a ready-to-use spray liquid or an agricultural chemical composition of the present invention. 20-2000 liters, preferably 50-400 liters of ready-to-use spray liquid are usually applied per hectare of agricultural utilization area.

[0249] Compositions which are particularly useful for seed treatment are, for example:

[0250] ASoluble concentrate (SL, LS)

[0251] D emulsion (EW, EO, ES)

[0252] E suspension (SC, OD, FS)

[0253] F Water dispersible granules and water soluble granules (WG, SG)

[0254] G Water dispersible powder and water soluble powder (WP, SP, WS)

[0255] H gel preparation (GF)

[0256] I Dustable powder (DP, DS)

[0257] Conventional seed treatment formulations include, for example, flowable concentrates FS, solutions LS, powders for dry treatment DS, water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment WS, water-soluble powders SS, emulsions ES and EC, and gel formulations GF. These formulations can be applied to seeds with or without dilution. Application to seeds is carried out before sowing, either directly on the seeds or after the seeds have been pre-germinated.

[0258] In a preferred embodiment, the FS formulation is used for seed treatment. The FS formulation may generally comprise 1-800 g / l active ingredient, 1-200 g / l surfactant, 0-200 g / l antifreeze agent, 0-400 g / l binder, 0-200 g / l pigment and up to 1 liter of solvent, preferably water.

[0259] Particularly preferred FS formulations of the active compounds according to the invention for seed treatment generally comprise 0.1 to 80% by weight (1 to 800 g / l) of active ingredient, 0.1 to 20% by weight (1 to 200 g / l) of at least one surfactant, for example 0.05 to 5% by weight of a wetting agent and 0.5 to 15% by weight of a dispersant, up to 20% by weight, for example 5 to 20% by weight of an antifreeze agent, 0 to 15% by weight, for example 1 to 15% by weight of a pigment and / or a dye, 0 to 40% by weight, for example 1 to 40% by weight of a binder (binder / adhesive), optionally up to 5% by weight, for example 0.1 to 5% by weight of a thickener, optionally 0.1 to 2% by weight of an antifoam and optionally preservatives such as biocides, antioxidants etc., for example in an amount of 0.01 to 1% by weight, and up to 100% by weight of fillers / carriers.

[0260] Seed treatment formulations can also additionally comprise adhesives and optionally comprise coloring agents. Adhesives can be added to improve the adhesion of active substances on seeds after the treatment. Suitable adhesives are homopolymers and copolymers of oxyalkylene such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and copolymers thereof, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, acrylic acid homopolymers and copolymers, polyvinylamine, polyvinyl amide and polyethyleneimine, polysaccharides such as cellulose, sodium tylose and starch, polyolefin homopolymers and copolymers such as olefin / maleic anhydride copolymers, polyurethane, polyester, polystyrene homopolymers and copolymers.

[0261] Optionally, coloring agents can also be included in the preparation. Suitable coloring agents or dyes for seed treatment preparations are Rhodamine B, CI Pigment Red 112, CI Solvent Red 1, Pigment Blue 15:4, Pigment Blue 15:3, Pigment Blue 15:2, Pigment Blue 15:1, Pigment Blue 80, Pigment Yellow 1, Pigment Yellow 13, Pigment Red 112, Pigment Red 48:2, Pigment Red 48:1, Pigment Red 57:1, Pigment Red 53:1, Pigment Orange 43, Pigment Orange 34, Pigment Orange 5, Pigment Green 36, Pigment Green 7, Pigment White 6, Pigment Brown 25, Alkaline Violet 10, Alkaline Violet 49, Acid Red 51, Acid Red 52, Acid Red 14, Acid Blue 9, Acid Yellow 23, Alkaline Red 10, Alkaline Red 108.

[0262] An example of a gelling agent is carrageenan

[0263] In seed treatment, the application rate of the active compound of the present invention is generally 0.1 g to 10 kg / 100 kg of seeds, preferably 1 g to 5 kg / 100 kg of seeds, more preferably 1 g to 1000 g / 100 kg of seeds, and especially 1 g to 200 g / 100 kg of seeds.

[0264] Therefore, the present invention also relates to seeds comprising an active compound of the invention as defined herein or an agriculturally acceptable salt of I. The amount of the active compound or its agriculturally acceptable salt is generally 0.1 g to 10 kg / 100 kg of seeds, preferably 1 g to 5 kg / 100 kg of seeds, in particular 1 to 1000 g / 100 kg of seeds. For special crops such as lettuce, the application rate can be higher.

[0265] In another embodiment, the present invention relates to seed comprising at least one active compound and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases and xylanases in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of seed or plant propagation medium.

[0266] In one embodiment the enzyme is a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase of SEQ no. 1 is applied in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of seeds or plant propagation material.

[0267] In one embodiment the enzyme is a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase of SEQ no. 2 is applied in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of seeds or plant propagation material.

[0268] In one embodiment the enzyme is a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase of SEQ no. 4 is applied in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of seeds or plant propagation material.

[0269] In one embodiment the enzyme is a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase of SEQ no. 9 is applied in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of seeds or plant propagation material.

[0270] In one embodiment the enzyme is a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase of SEQ no. 1 is applied in an amount of 1 ppm to 1 ppb per weight of seeds or plant propagation material.

[0271] In one embodiment the enzyme is a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase of SEQ no. 2 is applied in an amount of 1 ppm to 1 ppb per weight of seeds or plant propagation material.

[0272] In one embodiment the enzyme is a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase of SEQ no. 4 is applied in an amount of 1 ppm to 1 ppb per weight of seeds or plant propagation material.

[0273] In one embodiment the enzyme is a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase of SEQ no. 9 is applied in an amount of 1 ppm to 1 ppb per weight of seeds or plant propagation material.

[0274] In one embodiment the enzyme is a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase of SEQ no. 1 is applied in an amount of 1 pp100 to 1 ppm per weight of seeds or plant propagation material.

[0275] In one embodiment the enzyme is a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase of SEQ no. 2 is applied in an amount of 1 pp100 to 1 ppm per weight of seeds or plant propagation material.

[0276] In one embodiment the enzyme is a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase of SEQ no. 4 is applied in an amount of 1 pp100 to 1 ppm per weight of seeds or plant propagation material.

[0277] In one embodiment the enzyme is a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase of SEQ no. 9 is applied in an amount of 1 pp100 to 1 ppm per weight of seeds or plant propagation material.

[0278] In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a kit of parts comprising at least one active compound as a separate ingredient for use in combination with at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases and xylanases.

[0279] In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a kit of parts comprising at least one active compound as a separate ingredient for use in combination with a Cutinase, wherein the Cutinase is shown in SEQ NO.1 or SEQ NO.2, SEQ NO.4, SEQ NO.9.

[0280] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or use or composition or seed or kit of parts according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one active compound is (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate, and the at least one enzyme is a cutinase.

[0281] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or use or composition or seed or kit-of-parts according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one active compound is fipronil and the at least one enzyme is cutinase.

[0282] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or use or composition or seed or kit-of-parts according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one active compound is dinotefuran and the at least one enzyme is a cutinase.

[0283] In one embodiment of the invention the method or use or composition or seed or kit-of-parts according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one active compound is broflanilide and the at least one enzyme is a cutinase.

[0284] In one embodiment of the invention the method or the use or the composition or the seed or the kit-of-parts according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one active compound is dimpropyridaz and the at least one enzyme is a cutinase.

[0285] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or use or composition or seed or kit-of-parts according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one active compound is clothianidin and the at least one enzyme is a cutinase.

[0286] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or the use or the composition or the seed or the kit-of-parts according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one active compound is imidacloprid and the at least one enzyme is a cutinase.

[0287] In one embodiment of the invention, the method or use or composition or seed or kit-of-parts according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one active compound is thiodicarb and the at least one enzyme is a cutinase.

[0288] In one embodiment of the invention, a method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, from weeds, comprises applying directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drenching the soil, applying to the soil by drip irrigation, by soil injection, by dipping, furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material:

[0289] at least one active compound; and

[0290] At least one enzyme which is a cutinase.

[0291] In one embodiment of the invention, a method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, from weeds, comprising applying directly and / or indirectly to the plant propagation material, which is a seed, by drenching the soil, applying to the soil by drip irrigation, by soil injection, by dipping, furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material:

[0292] at least one active compound; and

[0293] At least one enzyme which is a cutinase.

[0294] In one embodiment of the invention, a method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, from weeds, comprising applying directly and / or indirectly to the plant propagation material, which is a seed, by drenching the soil, applying to the soil by drip irrigation, by soil injection, by dipping, furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material:

[0295] at least one active compound; and

[0296] At least one enzyme that is a cutinase, wherein the cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence that is 85% identical to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:4, or SEQ ID NO:9.

[0297] In one embodiment of the invention, the use of at least one active compound and at least one enzyme being a Cutinase for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes or from weeds, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme being a Cutinase are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drenching the soil, by application to the soil by drip irrigation, by soil injection, by dipping, in-furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material.

[0298] In one embodiment of the invention, the use of at least one active compound and at least one enzyme being a Cutinase for protecting plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes or from weeds, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme being a Cutinase are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plant propagation material by drenching the soil, by application to the soil by drip irrigation, by soil injection, by dipping, furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material, the plant propagation material being seeds.

[0299] In one embodiment of the invention, the use of at least one active compound and at least one enzyme being a Cutinase for protecting plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes or from weeds, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme being a Cutinase are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plant propagation material by drenching the soil, by application to the soil by drip irrigation, by soil injection, by dipping, furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material, the plant propagation material being seeds, wherein the Cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 9.

[0300] Implementation

[0301] Hereinafter, a list of embodiments is provided to further illustrate the present disclosure, but is not intended to limit the present disclosure to the specific embodiments listed below.

[0302] 1. A method for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, or from weeds, which comprises applying directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drenching the soil, applying to the soil by drip irrigation, by soil injection, by dipping, furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material:

[0303] at least one active compound; and

[0304] At least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases and xylanases.

[0305] 2. Use of at least one active compound and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases and xylanases for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes or from weeds, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied directly and / or indirectly to the plants and / or plant propagation material by drenching the soil, by application to the soil by drip irrigation, by soil injection, by impregnation, furrow application or by treating the plant propagation material

[0306] 3. The method or use of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the plant propagation material is a seed.

[0307] 4. The method or use of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the seed is a transgenic plant seed.

[0308] 5. The method or use of any one of embodiments 3 to 4, wherein plant roots and shoots produced from the treated seeds are protected.

[0309] 6. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the at least one active compound is selected from the group consisting of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, miticides and nematicides.

[0310] 7. The method or use of embodiment 6, wherein the insecticide, acaricide and nematicide are selected from M.1 to M.UN.X, which comprises:

[0311] M.1AChE inhibitors: aldicarb, cotton boll carb, benfuracarb, benfuracarb, butanone carb, butanone carb, carbaryl, cypermethrin, butanone carb, benfuracarb, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, methylaminocarb, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, thiodicarb, long-acting carb, mixed carb, XMC, cypermethrin, triazolam, acetophenone, azothion, ethyl azinphos-methyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusin, chlorpyrifos, chlormethin, chlorpyrifos, methyl chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, methyl demeton, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, methyl cypermethrin, disulfothion, EPN, ethyl Sulfur, propylamidophos, fenamidophos, fenamidophos, fenitrothion, fenthion, thiamethoxam, heptenephos, neonicotinoids, isopropylamidophos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, aphidinophos, methamidophos, methamidophos, mefenphos, monocrotophos, dibromophos, omethoate, sulfone, 1605, methyl parathion, fenthion, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phosphamidon, phoxim, cypermethrin, bromophos, propylbromophos, pyraclofos, pyridazinphos, quinalphos, chlorpyrifos, butylpyrimidophos, bispyribophos, terbufos, cypermethrin, methyl sulfamethoxam, triazophos, trichlorfon, aphidinophos;

[0312] M.2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists: cyclodiene organochlorine compounds: endosulfan, chlordane; phenylpyrazoles: ethiprole, fipronil, butenefiprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole;

[0313] M.3 Sodium channel modulators: Pyrethroids: flumethrin, allethrin, d-allethrin, d-trans-allethrin, flumethrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bio-allethrin, 2-cyclopentenyl bio-allethrin, bio-resmethrin, cypermethrin, flucypermethrin, high-efficiency flucypermethrin, (RS) flucypermethrin, flucypermethrin, high-efficiency flucypermethrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, high-efficiency trans-cypermethrin, hexenyl-cypermethrin, phenothrin, deltamethrin, fenthrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin Ester, cypermethrin, flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate, bromothrin, heptafluthrin, imidacloprid, chlorfluthrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon-momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin, ethynethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), pyrethrin, silicene, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, tetrafluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin; sodium channel modulators: for example, DDT, methoxychlor;

[0314] M.4nAChR agonists: neonicotinoids: acetamiprid, clothianidin, cyclohexidine, dimethoprim, imidacloprid, nitrazepam, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam; 4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-amine, (2E-)-1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N'-nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazidecarboximide; 1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N'-nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazidecarboximide -3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; nicotine; flupyradifurone; flupyradifurone; triflubenzuron, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate, (3S)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate, (3S)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-3-pyrimidin-5-yl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate; (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-6-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate, (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-ethyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-alkoxide;

[0315] M.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators: Ekedi 105, Ethyl spinosad;

[0316] M.6 Chloride channel activators: abamectin, avermectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, miltimectin;

[0317] M.7 Juvenile hormone analogs: methylphenidate, methylphenidate, fenpropimorph, fenpropimorph, pyriproxyfen;

[0318] M.8 Other multi-site inhibitors: methyl bromide, other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, sulfonyl fluoride, borax, potassium antimony tartrate;

[0319] M.9 String organ TRPV channel modulators: pyrifluquinazon;

[0320] M.10 Mite growth inhibitors: clofentezine, hexathiazox, fluazifop, terbenoxazole;

[0321] M.11 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membrane: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus sphaericus and insecticidal proteins produced by them, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelii, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. ayuzawa, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kustak, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. pseudopedi, Bt crop proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Ab1;

[0322] M.12 Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors: cypermethrin, organotin miticides, such as triazotin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, propargite, trichloroacetyl;

[0323] M.13 Oxidative phosphorylation decouplers via proton gradient interference: sulfamethoxam, dinitrophenol, sulfluramid;

[0324] M.14nAChR channel blockers: nereis toxin analogs, sulfamethoxazole, cartap, cypermethrin, and dimethoate;

[0325] M.15 Type 0 chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, for example: bistrifluan, chloranil, flubendiamide, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, flupropoxyurea, flufenoxuron, polyfluanid, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, and flubendiamide;

[0326] M.16 Type 1 chitin biosynthesis inhibitors: thiazolinone;

[0327] M.17 Molting disruptors: Dipteran, cyromazine;

[0328] M.18 Ecdysone receptor agonists, such as methoxyfenozide, bisfenozide, halofenozide, furofenozide, chlorfenazolidone;

[0329] M.19 Octopamine receptor agonist: amitraz;

[0330] M.20 Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors: hydrazone, acequinoxaline, pyrimidine; bifenazate;

[0331] M.21METI acaricides and insecticides, such as quinazofen, fenpyraclostrobin, pyrimidifen, pyridabenzan, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, and rotenone;

[0332] M.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers: diazinon, metaflumizone, 2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide, N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide;

[0333] M.23 Acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors, such as spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat; spiropidion;

[0334] M.24 Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, such as aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, zinc phosphide, cyanide;

[0335] M.25 Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, such as cypermethrin, cyfluthrin;

[0336] M.28 ryanodine receptor modulators: flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyanantraniliprole, flucyanantraniliprole, (R)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, (S)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, cyclobromobendan, 2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-1 ,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester; N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 3-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (O.26.15); tetrachlorantraniliprole; N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; chloraniloxanil;

[0337] M.29 String organ regulator: Flubendiamide;

[0338] M.UN unknown mode of action: dicyclopentadien, afoxolaner, azadirachtin, sulfamethoxam, brofenamidate, broflanilide, bromocyprofen, quinclorac, cryolite, dicloromezotiaz, dicofol, dimpropyridaz, flumethoxam, flometoquin, fluthiazolin, fluhexafon, fluopyram, fluralaner, metaldehyde, flumethoxone, piperonyl butoxide, pyflubumide, pyridalyl, tioxazafen, 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecanoic acid carbon-11-en-10-one, 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine, active agent based on Bacillus firmus (Votivo, I-1582); flupyrimin; trifluoroimidamide; 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-oxothiatine-3-yl)benzamide; fluxametamide ; 5-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1H-pyrazole; 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dibromo-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methylbenzamide; 4-cyano-3-[(4-cyano-2-methylbenzoyl)amino]-N[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]-2-fluorobenzamide; N-[5-[[2-chloro-6-cyano-4[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl] -2-cyanophenyl]-4-cyano-2-methylbenzamide; N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyanophenyl]-4-cyano-2-methylbenzamide; N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyanophenyl]-4-cyano-2-methylbenzamide; 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methylbenzamide;4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methylbenzamide; N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyanophenyl]-4-cyano-2-methylbenzamide; 2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)-5-thiazolyl]pyridine; 2-[6-[2-(5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridyl]pyrimidine; 2-[6-[2-(3-pyridyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridyl]pyrimidine ; N-methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide; N-methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide; 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; 1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-5-ol; N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; N-cyclopropyl-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4 -carboxamide; N-cyclohexyl-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; 2-(3-pyridyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; 2-(3-pyridyl)-N-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl]-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; 2-[[2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-5-yl]carbonyl]hydrazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester; N-[(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; N-(2,2-difluoropropyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; 2-(3-pyridyl)-N-(2-pyrimidinylmethyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide Amide; N-[(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; Tyclopyrazoflor; sarolaner; lotilaner; N-[4-chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridinyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine;iscocycloseram; N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide, N-[4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; acynonapyr; benzpyrimoxan; tigolane r; oxazosulfyl; N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxytetrahydropyran-2-yl] ester; N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamic acid [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-yl] ester pyran-2-yl] ester; N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxytetrahydropyran-2-yl] ester; N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4, 5-trimethoxy-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-yl] ester; (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one, (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one;2-(6-chloro-3-ethylsulfonylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4 ,5b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(7-chloro-3-ethylsulfonylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-7-iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-3-methyl-6 -(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 3-ethylsulfonyl-6-iodo-2-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carbonitrile, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-8-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine, 2-(6-bromo-3-ethylsulfonyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-6(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine.

[0339] 8. The method or use of embodiment 6, wherein the fungicide is selected from FI to F.XII:

[0340] A) Respiratory depressants

[0341] Q oComplex III inhibitors of the site: azoxystrobin, carbamoyl, cypermethrin, pyraclostrobin, pyrifos, fenoxastrobin, fenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, fenoxastrobin, mandestrobin, mandestrobin, fenoxastrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin, 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylallylideneaminooxymethyl)phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methylacetamide, pyribencarb, chloropyraclostrobin, oxadiazon, imidacloprid, N- [2-[(1,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-pyrazol-3-yl)oxymethyl]phenyl]-N-methoxycarbamic acid methyl ester, metyltetrapole, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide, (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide, pyrimidine, pyroxithrin, methyl 2-(o-((2,5-dimethylphenyloxymethylene)phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate;

[0342] Q i Complex III inhibitors of the site: cyazofamid, amisulbrom, 2-methylpropionic acid (6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl ester, fenpicoxamid, florylpicoxamid;

[0343] Complex II inhibitors: oxazolidinone, benzovinflumazole, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, furazolidinone, fluopyram, flutolanil, flutolanil, fluopyram, furazolidinone, isofetamid, pyraclostrobin, propoxyfenamide, oxycarboxin, fluopyram, penthiopyrad, fluopyram, pyraziflumid, fluopyram, chlorothalonil, bromofluoxam, inpyrfluxam, pyrapropoyne, fluind apyr, N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide, (E)-2-[2-[(5-cyano-2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-3-methoxyprop-2-enoic acid methyl ester, isoflurane, 2-difluoromethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-difluoromethyl-N-[ (3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl] pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl) pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl] pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-difluoromethyl-N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-2,3-dihydroindan -4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1-dimethyl-3-propyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide, 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide;

[0344] Other respiratory inhibitors: diflunisal; nitrophenyl derivatives: fenthion, diflunisal, difluanid, fluazifop, fenthion, pyrimidine; organometallic compounds: triphenyltin salts, such as fenthion, triphenyltin chloride, fenthion; ametoctradin; silthiopyrad;

[0345] B) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides)

[0346] C14 demethylase inhibitors: triazoles: pentoconazole, bisbenzimidazole, oxadiazole, cyproconazole, oxadiazole, diniconazole, diniconazole M, oxadiazole, fenbuconazole, quinconazole, flusilazole, flutriazole, hexaconazole, amide, cyclopentadiazole, cyclopentadiazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazol, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, silifazole, tebuconazole, fluadiazole, triadimefon, triadimefon, pentadiazole, diniconazole, 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol, 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-( 4-[[6-[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-sulfanyl-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile, ipfentrifluconazole, chlorfluanidazole, 2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-5-(p-tolylmethyl)-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol; imidazoles: imazalil, pyrimethoxyfen, prochloraz, triflumizole; pyrimidines, pyridines, piperazines: isothiocarbamide, pyrimidine oxime, trifluanidazole, [3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazol-4-yl]-(3-pyridyl)methanol;

[0347] Δ14-reductase inhibitors: 4-dodecyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholine, morpholino, morpholino acetate, fenpropimorph, chloranil, fenpropidin, powdery mildew, and spiroxamine;

[0348] 3-Ketoreductase inhibitors: fenhexamid;

[0349] Other sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: clofenoxazole;

[0350] C) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

[0351] Phenylamide or acylamino acid fungicides: bensulfuron, bensulfuron-M, kiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, furamide, oxadixyl;

[0352] Other nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors: thiophanate-methyl, isothiazine, oxolinic acid, sulfamethoxazole, 5-fluorocytosine, 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidine-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidine-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-chlorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidine-4-amine;

[0353] D) Inhibitors of cell division and cytoskeleton

[0354] Tubulin inhibitors: benomyl, carbendazim, pyridachlometyl, thiophanate-methyl, N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]butyramide, N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylthioacetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)butyramide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methoxyacetamide amine, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-propylbutanamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methoxy-N-propylacetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylthio-N-propylacetamide, 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methylthioacetamide, 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrazol-3-amine;

[0355] Other cell division inhibitors: ethidiumb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopyram, zoxamide, mefenamic acid, pyriofenone, cyproconazole;

[0356] E) Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

[0357] Methionine synthesis inhibitors: cyprodinil, pyraclostrobin, dimethomorph;

[0358] Protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin, kasugastatin, hydrated kasugastatin, midotomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline;

[0359] F) Signal transduction inhibitors

[0360] MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors: flumorphan, isoprodinil, cyfluthrin, vinclozolin, fluoxetine; G protein inhibitors: quinoxyfen;

[0361] G) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors

[0362] Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: kewensan, isoflavone, dicamba, and fenvalerate; lipid peroxidation: chlornitramine, pentachloronitrobenzene, tetrachloronitrobenzene, methyl tolclofos, biphenyl, chlorpyrifos, chloranil, and zinc thiazole;

[0363] Phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph, flumorph, mandelin, pyrimorph, benzathiapyr, isopropanil, valifenalate;

[0364] Compounds and fatty acids that affect cell membrane permeability: Bavirin;

[0365] Oxysterol binding protein inhibitors: oxathiapiprolin, fluoxapiprolin, 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl] 4-[1-[2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[5-(difluoromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalene-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide -1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide, 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide, (4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide;

[0366] H) Inhibitors with multi-site action

[0367] Inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur;

[0368] Thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferrofen, mancozeb, maneb, metamethylenetetracycline, methocarb, methyl propineb, thiram, mancozeb, ziram;

[0369] Organochlorine compounds: diffluanid, chlorothalonil, diffluanid, captan, folpet, bacteriostatic, dichlorophen, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol and its salts, tetrachlorophthalide, and tolylfluanid;

[0370] Guanidine and others: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, biguanide salt, biguanide octylamine, biguanide octyl acetate, biguanide octylamine triacetate, dioctylguanide salt (albesilate), dithianon, 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiadieno[2,3-c:5,6-c']bipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone;

[0371] I) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

[0372] Glucan synthesis inhibitors: Jinggangmycin, polyoxin;

[0373] Melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquinone, tricyclazole, chloramphenicol, dichlorocyanamide, cyanamide;

[0374] J) Plant defense inducers

[0375] Thiadiazoles, thiabendazole, isothiopyrad, thiazolamide, calcium prohexadione; phosphonates: algae phosphorus, ethyl aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts, calcium phosphonate, potassium phosphonate, potassium or sodium bicarbonate, 4-cyclopropyl-N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiadiazole-5-carboxamide;

[0376] K) Unknown mode of action

[0377] Cotton alcohol, miticide, cyfluthrin, chloranil, dazomethane, imidacloprid, dichlorocyanamide, dazomethane, wild swallow, wild swallow methyl sulfate, diphenylamine, fenitrothion, pyraclostrobin, flubifenazol, sulfaquinamide, flutianil, hypersensitive protein, sulfaquinamide, chlordane, isopropylamine, tolprocarb, quinoline copper, propoxyquin, tebufloquin, phthalide, pyraclostrobin, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-[4-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1 N'-(5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-[5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-[5-bromo-6-(4-isopropylcyclohexyloxy)-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-phenylethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4- (3-trimethylsilylpropoxy)phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, N'-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilylpropoxy)phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxyacetamide, 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyrisoxazole, 3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine, 5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole, (Z)-3-amino- 2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid ethyl ester, picarbutrazox, N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridinyl]carbamic acid pentyl ester, N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridinyl]carbamic acid but-3-ynyl ester, ipflufenoquin, quinofumelin, thiophanate-methyl, bromothionil, 2-(6-benzyl-2-pyridinyl)quinazoline, 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyridinyl]quinazoline, dichlobentiazox, N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine, pyrifenamine, fluopyram, N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6-(1-methyl-2-propoxyethoxy)-3-pyridinyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine;

[0378] 9. The method or use of embodiment 6, wherein the herbicide is selected from:

[0379] Acetamides: acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, acetochlor, dimethenamid, flufenacet, mefenacet, isopropyl metolachlor, metachlor, naphthamide, naphthamide, pethochlor, pretilachlor, cypermethrin, and thiophanate-methyl;

[0380] Amino acid derivatives: bialaphos, glyphosate, glufosinate, glufosinate-sulfate;

[0381] Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid esters: clodinafop-butyl, cyhalofop-butyl, oxadiazon-butyl, fluazifop-butyl, cyhalofop-butyl, metamifop, cyhalofop-butyl, quizalofop-butyl, quizalofop-butyl;

[0382] Bipyridines: diquat, paraquat;

[0383] (Thio) carbamates: cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin (EPTC), cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin, cypermethrin;

[0384] Cyclohexanedione: butoxycycline, clethodim, cypermethrin, profoxydim, sethoxydim, quinone oxime, oxime ketone;

[0385] Dinitroanilines: fluazifop, fluazifop, fluazifop, pendimethalin, aminopropydroxyfen, trifluralin;

[0386] Diphenyl ethers: acifluorfen, benifloxybutyl, herbicide-butyl, chloroform, chlorpyrifos, fluazifop-butyl, lactofensulfuron, flufenacet-butyl;

[0387] Hydroxybenzonitriles: bromoxynil, dichlorvos nitrile, iodoxynil;

[0388] Imidazolinones: imazamox, imazamox, methyl imazapic, imazapic, imazapic, imazapic, imazapic;

[0389] Phenoxyacetic acids: barnyardgrass, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4-dibutyl acid (2,4-DB), 2,4-dibutyl propionic acid, 2-methyl-4-chloro (MCPA), MCPA-thioethyl, 2-methyl-4-chlorobutyric acid (MCPB), 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid;

[0390] Pyrazines: fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-butyl;

[0391] Pyridines: clomiphene citrate, clopidogrel, fluazifop, fluthiopyracil, fluazifop, fluroxypyr, picolinafen, thiopyralid, triclopyr (2-[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)oxy]acetic acid butoxyethyl ester);

[0392] Sulfonylureas: sulfamethoxazole, tetrazolium, benzylsulfuron, chloramisulfuron, chloramisulfuron, ethersulfuron, cyprosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, fluazifop-butyl, flupirudin, formamidesulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, pyrimidinesulfuron, iodinesulfuron, methylsulfamethoxazole, pyrazosulfuron, methylsulfamethoxazole, nicotinamide, cyprosulfuron, flupirudin, flupropylsulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, pyrimidinesulfuron, pyrimidinesulfuron, ethylsulfamethoxazole, thiosulfuron, ethersulfuron, phenylsulfuron, trifluorosulfuron, fluaminesulfuron, trifluoromethylsulfuron, 1-((2-chloro-6-propyl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-yl)sulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea;

[0393] Triazines: atrazine, cypermethrin, pentothiazine, ethidium bromide, hexachlorvinphos, metazine, metribuzin, promethazine, simazine, terbuthylazine, cypermethrin, phenoxypropylamine;

[0394] Ureas: chlorotoluron, vanillon, diuron, flumethuron, isoproturon, linuron, thiazopyron, butadiene;

[0395] Other acetolactate synthase inhibitors: bispyribac sodium, pyrifossulfuron, pyrifossulfuron, bispyribac, fluazifop, fluazifop, ortho-sulfamuron, penoxsulam, propoxysulfuron, pyribambenz-propyl, pyrifossulfuron, pyriftalid, pyrimisulfan, pyrifossulfuron, pyroxasulfone, pyrasulfuron;

[0396] Others: amitriptyline, cypermethrin, cyproconazole, fluazifop-butyl, bencarbazone, furazolidone, pyraclostrobin, thiamethoxam, benzobicyclon, fluazifop-butyl, bromobutyric acid, fluazifop-butyl, glufosinate, mesotrione, fluazifop-butyl, indolone, dichlorvos, cyprosulfamide, isothiazone, benzylpyruvate, cyprosulfamide, dicamba, benzoquat, diflupyr, barnyardgrass nematodes Bacteria, grass algae, ethyl furazolidone, ethyl benzyl grass, benzyl oxadiazole, tetrazolam, imidophenoxyacetic acid, fluoxazinone, amine oxadiazole, fluchloridone, furochlorone, indole, isothiocarb, isoxaflutole, cypermethrin, propanil, naphthalene, dichloroquinoline, quinclorac, nitrosulfuron, arsenic acid, herbicide, propargyl oxadiazole, oxadiazole, chlorpyrifos, pentothiocarb, pinoxaden, bispyribac, fluazifop-butyl, pyrasulfotole, benzyl grass azole, pyrazol, algae quinone, saflufenacil, sulfotrione, sulfamethoxazole, terbacil, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, thiencarbazone, pyrazosulfuron, (3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-trifluoromethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)phenoxy]pyridin-2-yloxy)acetate, 6-amino- 5-chloro-2-cyclopropylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 6-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropyl-6-methylphenoxy)pyridazin-4-ol, 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester and 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-3-dimethylamino-2-fluorophenyl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester.

[0397] 10. The method or use of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the at least one enzyme is a cutinase.

[0398] 11. The method or use of any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the Cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.

[0399] 12. The method or use of any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the Cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 2.

[0400] 13. The method or use of any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the Cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO:4.

[0401] 14. The method or use of any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the Cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO:9.

[0402] 15. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied by drenching the soil.

[0403] 16. The method or use of any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied by drip irrigation.

[0404] 17. The method or use of any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied by a drip irrigation application system.

[0405] 18. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied by soil injection.

[0406] 19. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied to plant propagation material.

[0407] 20. The method or use of any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied by in-furrow application.

[0408] 21. The method or use according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the at least one active compound is applied in an amount of 0.1 g to 1 kg per 100 kg of plant propagation material.

[0409] 22. The method or use of any one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the at least one enzyme is applied in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of plant propagation material.

[0410] 23. The method or use of any one of embodiments 5 to 22, wherein the plants, plant propagation material or plant roots and shoots produced from the treated plant propagation material are protected from attack by soil pests or foliar pests.

[0411] 24. The method or use of any one of embodiments 3 to 22, wherein the plant or the plant propagation material is selected from the group consisting of row crop seeds and vegetable seeds, spices, herbs, ornamentals, conifers, shrubs, cotton, tropical crops, citrus plants, fruits, nuts and vines.

[0412] 25. The method or use of embodiment 24, wherein the plant or the plant propagation material is selected from soybean, corn, cotton, rice, wheat, canola and sunflower.

[0413] 26. A composition for protecting plants or plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, from weeds, comprising:

[0414] at least one active compound; and

[0415] At least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, peptidases, cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, chitinases, chitosanases, lipases, cutinases, esterases and xylanases.

[0416] 27. The composition of embodiment 26, wherein the at least one active compound is selected from the group consisting of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, miticides and nematicides

[0417] 28. The composition of embodiment 26, wherein the at least one enzyme is a cutinase.

[0418] 29. The composition of embodiment 28, wherein the Cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1.

[0419] 30. The composition of embodiment 28, wherein the Cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO:2.

[0420] 31. The composition of embodiment 28, wherein the Cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO:4.

[0421] 32. The composition of embodiment 28, wherein the Cutinase comprises an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO:9.

[0422] 33. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 32, wherein the at least one enzyme is immobilized on a matrix, a carrier or a particle.

[0423] 34. The composition of any one of embodiments 26 to 33, wherein the composition further comprises at least one auxiliary agent selected from solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, defoamers, colorants, tackifiers and adhesives.

[0424] 35. Seed comprising at least one compound as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 25 and at least one enzyme as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 25 in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of plant propagation material.

[0425] 36. A kit of parts comprising at least one compound as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 25 as separate ingredients in combination with at least one enzyme as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 25.

[0426] 37. The method or use or composition or seed or kit of parts according to any one of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein the at least one active compound is (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate, and the at least one enzyme is a cutinase.

[0427] Advantages

[0428] 1) The present invention can significantly reduce the use rate of systemic agricultural active compounds used for seed treatment application.

[0429] 2) The present invention can potentially be used for foliar and in-furrow applications to enhance absorption and improve the efficacy of insecticides, fungicides and herbicides.

[0430] 3) The present invention has been found to be effective on both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Example

[0431] The invention is illustrated in detail by the following non-limiting working examples. More specifically, the experimental methods specified below are part of the general disclosure of the present application and are not limited to the specific working examples.

[0432] Embodiment 1:

[0433] Cutinase activity against (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-alkoxide absorption.

[0434] Material:

[0435] Active ingredient / active compound: (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-alkoxide

[0436] Enzymes:

[0437] Cutinase of CUT-1-SEQ No.1

[0438] Cutinase of CUT-2-SEQ No.2

[0439] Cutinase of CUT-4-SEQ No.4

[0440] Cutinase of CUT-9-SEQ No.9

[0441] General seed treatment (ST) methods:

[0442] Canola seeds were treated with the formulated product diluted in water by spinning 100 g of seeds in a 1 liter HEGE bowl while applying the treatment slurry. The seeds were spun to dryness.

[0443] General method of coating efficiency:

[0444] To obtain the coating efficiency, 100 treated seeds were randomly selected and then divided into 10 groups. Each group (10 seeds as a group) was analyzed by LC / MS. The average value of the amount of active ingredient (AI) on the seeds was evaluated.

[0445] Plant incubation and absorption analysis methods:

[0446] On the day of planting, 24-well plates (10 mL, non-sterile) were filled with a highly organic plug&seedling mix. Before the soil column was completely saturated, water was applied evenly to the soil surface using a nozzle. The soil was compacted to a level of 1 cm below the surface of the plate. One treated seed was placed on the soil surface of each well and then covered with potting mix to make it flush with the surface of the plate. The topsoil surface was sprayed again to moisten. The plates were then placed in an incubator and watered from the top with fertilizer water (NPK 16-4-20-3(Ca)-1(Mg)) through a nozzle as needed. Seven days after planting, two cotyledons of 10 plants were sampled and analyzed by cutting the point where the cotyledons contacted the stem. Replication was 10x.

[0447] Analytical methods:

[0448] The seeds / cut cotyledons were extracted with acetonitrile solvent (3 mL, containing 1% acetic acid) by homogenization in a Teflon tube at 1200 rpm for 2 minutes using a 2010 Geno / Grinder (Spex Sample Prep). The homogenate was then mixed with anhydrous sodium sulfate (about 600 mg), sodium acetate (about 100 mg), vortexed, and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes using a Beckman Coulter (Allegra X-14R) centrifuge. The clear supernatant was then transferred to an appropriate vial for LC / MS analysis.

[0449] LCMS analysis was performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Extraction Orbitrap mass analyzer with electrospray positive ionization mode. Chromatographic runs were performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Surveyor MS PlusPump and autosampler through a chromatographic column (Sonoma-C18, 2.1x100 mm, 5μm). The gradient started with 98:2 water / methanol (containing 4mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid) and ended with 98:2 methanol / water in approximately 10 minutes.

[0450] Experimental Results

[0451] The experimental data (Table 1) showed that small batch seed treatments (100 g seeds) produced variations in seed coating efficiency, which meant that it was necessary to analyze the coating efficiency of each sample during the absorption analysis. For the cotyledon analysis, Cutinase 1 stood out among the four cutinases in terms of average AI absorption (ng / mg leaf) and percentage AI absorption, which was significantly higher than the no enzyme control.

[0452] Table 1: Effect of cutinase on (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-Alkolate absorption

[0453]

[0454] Note: 1) Average AI absorbance values ​​(ng / mg leaf) were normalized using the average % AI recovery* (90.9%) and average % coating efficiency for each treatment group. 2) AI absorbance was calculated based on spiked control, 22340 ng / replicate. 3) Data indicated by the same letter were not significantly different (p=<0.05) when analyzed using one-way ANOVA.

[0455] Embodiment 2:

[0456] Effects of cutinase on clothianidin uptake in seed-treated wheat seedlings

[0457] Active ingredient / active compound: Clothianidin

[0458] Enzymes:

[0459] Cutinase of CUT-1-SEQ No.1

[0460] Cutinase of CUT-2-SEQ No.2

[0461] Cutinase of CUT-4-SEQ No.4

[0462] Other Materials:

[0463] RediEarth is a potting mix

[0464] Experimental methods

[0465] a. Seed treatment: dilute the formulation and dissolve the enzyme in HPLC water. Prepare and mix the solution immediately before each treatment. For each treatment, 100 g of spring wheat seeds (Triticum sp.) were placed in a 1 liter HEGE 11 seed processor. The treatment slurry was applied to the rotating seeds with an application volume of 1.5 mL (containing 2.05 mg of cell extract containing freeze-dried enzymes), and the seeds were rotated to dry. After treatment, the seeds were transferred to paper seed bags and stored in a colder field with ice packs until planting.

[0466] b. Plant incubation: Before seed treatment, fill 24-well plates with RediEarth potting mix screened through a 3.35 mm mesh. Use a conical nozzle to apply tap water evenly to the soil surface until the soil column is fully saturated (approximately 55 ml / plate). Tamp the soil to a level of 1 cm below the plate surface. After 1 hour of treatment, place 1 seed on the soil surface of each well. Screen RediEarth directly above the hole and make the soil line flush with the plate surface. Wet the soil surface again with approximately 22 mL of water / plate. The plates were then incubated in a 25°C, 50% RH incubator with two FloraSun (F25T8 Plant Growth) lamps at 14L:10D in a randomized complete block design. The replicates for each treatment were 10 plates.

[0467] c. Seed coating effect: 15 treated wheat seeds were grouped and extracted with acetonitrile solvent (15 mL) by homogenization (repeated 10x for each treatment rate). The homogenate was first centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 3 minutes using a Beckman Coulter (Allegra X-14R) centrifuge to reduce the solvent / material adhering to the top of the tube (including the lid). The collected homogenate was then treated with anhydrous magnesium sulfate (~1500 mg), sodium acetate (100 mg), vortexed (30 seconds), and then further centrifuged for the same time as above. The supernatant clear solution was then diluted and transferred to appropriate vials for LC / MS analysis.

[0468] d. Cotyledon Analysis: Fifteen pairs of excised wheat cotyledons (10 replicates) were extracted by homogenization with acetonitrile solvent (10 mL, containing 1% acetic acid). The homogenate was first centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 3 minutes using a Beckman Coulter (Allegra X-14R) centrifuge to reduce the solvent / material adhering to the lid. The collected homogenate was then treated with anhydrous magnesium sulfate (~3500 mg), sodium acetate (~220 mg), vortexed (~30 seconds), and then further centrifuged for the same time as above. The supernatant clear solution was then transferred to an appropriate vial for LC / MS analysis without further dilution.

[0469] Control samples were prepared by adding known amounts of clothianidin standards to 15 pairs of cotyledons (10 replicates) collected from seedlings of untreated canola seeds and homogenized and processed as described above. The recovery of AI was quantified from the LC / MS data and then used to normalize the results from the treated cotyledon sample set.

[0470] LCMS analysis was performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Q-Exactive mass analyzer with electrospray positive ionization mode. Chromatographic runs were performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Surveyor MS Plus Pump and autosampler through a chromatographic column (Sonoma-C18, 2.1x100 mm, 5μm). The gradient started with 98:2 water / methanol (containing 4mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid) and ended with 98:2 methanol / water in approximately 10 minutes.

[0471] Experimental results:

[0472] The experimental data (Table 1) showed that seed treatment with Cutinase 1 significantly enhanced the percentage of clothianidin absorption in wheat seedlings (P=0.002). Although Cutinase 2 and Cutinase 4 also increased the absorption of clothianidin, the improvement was not significant.

[0473] Table 2: Effects of different cutinases on clothianidin uptake in wheat seeds treated with different cutinases

[0474]

[0475]

[0476] *One-way ANOVA test (P=0.002).

Claims

1. A method for protecting plant propagation materials from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, comprising the step of adding a thiamethoxam selected from the group consisting of clothianidin and (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate and at least one enzyme comprising a cutinase having an amino acid sequence with 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 to treat the plant propagation material; wherein the plant propagation material is a seed, wherein plant roots and shoots produced from the treated seeds are protected.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the seed is a transgenic plant seed.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one enzyme is applied in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of plant propagation material.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein plant roots and shoots produced from the treated plant propagation material are protected from attack by soil or foliar pests.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant propagation material is selected from the group consisting of row crop seeds and vegetable seeds, spices, herbs, ornamentals, conifers, shrubs, cotton, tropical crops, citrus plants, fruits, nuts and grapevines.

6. A thiamethoxam selected from the group consisting of clothianidin and (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate and at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of a cutinase comprising an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 for protecting plant propagation materials from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, wherein the at least one active compound and the at least one enzyme are applied to the plant propagation material to treat the plant propagation material; wherein the plant propagation material is a seed, wherein plant roots and shoots produced from the treated seeds are protected.

7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the seeds are transgenic plant seeds.

8. Use according to claim 6, wherein the at least one enzyme is applied in an amount of 1 ppb to 1 ppt per weight of plant propagation material.

9. The use according to claim 6, wherein plant roots and shoots arising from the treated plant propagation material are protected from attack by soil pests or foliar pests.

10. The use according to claim 6, wherein the plant propagation material is selected from the group consisting of row crop seeds and vegetable seeds, spices, herbs, ornamentals, conifers, shrubs, cotton, tropical crops, citrus plants, fruits, nuts and grapevines.

11. A composition for protecting plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes, comprising: At least one active compound selected from clothianidin and (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-alkoxide; and at least one enzyme, wherein the at least one enzyme is a cutinase comprising an amino acid sequence having 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1 and immobilized on a matrix, a carrier or a particle, Wherein the plant propagation material is a seed, and wherein plant roots and shoots arising from the treated seeds are protected.

12. A kit for protecting plant propagation material from attack or infestation by insects, fungi, arachnids or nematodes comprising a compound selected from clothianidin and (3R)-3-(2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)-8-methyl-5-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-8- -7-olate, used as a separate ingredient in combination with at least one enzyme, wherein the at least one enzyme is a cutinase comprising an amino acid sequence having 85% identity with SEQ ID NO: 1 and immobilized on a matrix, carrier or particle, Wherein the plant propagation material is a seed, and wherein plant roots and shoots arising from the treated seeds are protected.

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