A method for construction of a second lining at a mutation section and a method for temporary support removal

Abstract

The application relates to a secondary lining construction method at a sudden change section and a temporary support removal method thereof, and comprises the following steps: (1) after initial support construction of a tunnel is completed and stabilized, a secondary lining construction device is started and reaches a designated construction position; (2) after the secondary lining construction device is positioned, a positioning device is started to stabilize the secondary lining construction device at the construction position, and then a secondary lining formwork system of the secondary lining construction device is started; (3) multiple secondary lining formwork systems are adjusted to positions; (4) concrete construction is carried out to complete secondary lining construction at the sudden change section; (5) a temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system is started to be contracted, that is, secondary lining formwork system removal and temporary support removal are carried out; and the secondary lining construction device is moved to repeat the above steps to carry out construction of a next section. The application can improve the safety and economy of secondary lining construction in the case of a sudden change of a tunnel section, and provides countermeasures for possible dangers during temporary support removal, so that the safety and efficiency of the construction process are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction, and in particular to a secondary lining construction method at a sudden change section and a temporary support removal method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Due to functional requirements during tunnel construction, tunnel cross-sectional dimensions vary greatly. This is especially true for subway tunnels, which are often hundreds of meters long and have designs with several to a dozen different cross-sectional dimensions. There are two traditional construction methods for secondary lining construction in tunnels of this type, which are short in length but have a wide variety of cross-sectional dimensions. The most common method is to use multiple lining trolleys corresponding to the cross-sectional dimensions, while the other method uses a full-height support and loose formwork assembly method for pouring. In the first method, the use of multiple trolleys significantly increases construction costs, and when the tunnel entrance has a small cross-sectional dimension and the tunnel interior has a large cross-sectional dimension, the assembly and disassembly of the trolleys must be carried out inside the tunnel, increasing the difficulty and duration of construction. The second method, on the other hand, involves a large workload in erecting and dismantling the full-height support, and the assembly of small loose formwork requires high construction requirements and is difficult.

[0003] In addition, after the secondary lining construction is completed, the removal of temporary supports poses a greater risk to tunnel support. At the same time, the removal speed often restricts the construction progress. Therefore, the removal speed and project safety are two aspects that need to be taken into account during construction. At present, the research on the removal of temporary supports is mainly to verify the feasibility of the original design plan, or to dynamically adjust the removal plan according to the monitoring data of the surrounding rock and primary support in actual construction. However, such methods often have a lag, cannot detect possible problems in advance, and cannot effectively improve the removal efficiency of temporary supports.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a secondary lining construction method and a temporary support removal method at a sudden change section that can cope with the frequent sudden changes in tunnel sections, tight construction period, low cost investment, and take into account the fast and safe removal of temporary supports. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the aforementioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for constructing a secondary lining at a sudden cross-section and a method for removing temporary supports. This method improves the safety and cost-effectiveness of secondary lining construction in tunnels with frequent sudden cross-section changes. It also provides countermeasures for potential hazards during temporary support removal, ensuring a safe and efficient construction process.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for constructing a secondary lining at a sudden change section and a method for removing a temporary support thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) After the initial support construction of the tunnel is completed and stabilized, the secondary lining construction device is started and brought to the designated construction location and then positioned; the secondary lining construction device is in an overall arched frame structure, and a support and stabilization system is provided on the inner side of the arched frame structure;

[0008] (2) After the secondary lining construction device is in place, the positioning device is started to stabilize it in the construction position, and then the secondary lining formwork system for lifting the secondary lining construction device is started; the secondary lining formwork system is arranged in a plurality of rows and columns in the axial direction of the arch frame structure, and can be raised and lowered in the radial direction of the arch frame structure;

[0009] (3) According to the different heights and transition forms at the sudden section of the tunnel, the different lifting heights of the multiple secondary lining formwork systems and the shapes of the templates of the corresponding secondary lining formwork systems are adjusted to meet the secondary lining construction requirements at the sudden section of the tunnel, that is, the multiple secondary lining formwork systems are adjusted in place; the template is located at the top of the secondary lining formwork system and is connected to the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system through a template articulation system, and the template articulation system can realize appropriate adjustment of the shape of the template;

[0010] (4) Carry out concrete construction, complete the secondary lining construction at the sudden section, and wait for the concrete of the secondary lining to reach the solidification requirements;

[0011] (5) Start shrinking the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system, that is, remove the secondary lining formwork system and dismantle the temporary support; move the secondary lining construction device and repeat the above steps to carry out the construction of the next section.

[0012] Preferably, in the step (1), the motor of the secondary lining construction device is started to drive the secondary lining construction device to move. The secondary lining construction device adopts a crawler wheel structure, which is convenient for all-round movement and adjustment in the complex environment of the tunnel, overcoming the defect that the conventional track-type mobile gantry can only move limitedly on the designated track; there are four groups of crawler wheel structures, and each arch foot of the arch frame structure of the secondary lining construction device is provided with two groups of front and rear crawler wheel structures, and the crawler in each group is covered with 3-6 rollers; each group of crawler wheel structures can rotate 360 ​​degrees relative to the secondary lining construction device.

[0013] In any of the above schemes, preferably, in step (1), the support stabilization system is composed of a plurality of transverse, longitudinal and oblique support rods interconnected to form an overall stable support structure, and the overall stable support structure is in the shape of a five-pointed star.

[0014] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that in step (2), the axial direction is the excavation direction along the tunnel; the positioning device is arranged around each arch foot of the arch frame structure and is located above the track wheel structure, the positioning device includes a plurality of extended telescopic structures and corresponding oblique support telescopic structures, the free end of the extended telescopic structure is provided with an enlarged disk with a small drill bit, the small drill bit is controlled by the first control unit of the positioning device, the other end of the extended telescopic structure is hinged to the arch foot, and the two ends of the oblique support telescopic structure are respectively hinged to the arch foot and the extended telescopic structure; during positioning, with the arch foot as the center, the first control unit controls the positioning device to open the extended telescopic structure in an umbrella shape, and the oblique support telescopic structure is also unfolded for support, after the positioning device is opened to the right position, the enlarged disk contacts the bottom surface of the tunnel, the first control unit controls the small drill bit to drill, so that the enlarged disk is anchored to the bottom surface of the tunnel, and the extended telescopic structure and the oblique support telescopic structure are locked at the same time, so as to achieve stable support for the secondary lining construction device, that is, complete the positioning operation. After the secondary lining construction is completed, to release the positioning, the first control unit controls the small drill to reverse and move out from the bottom of the tunnel, and controls the extended telescopic structure and the oblique support telescopic structure to unlock and retract, returning to the original state, thereby completing the release of the positioning.

[0015] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that in step (2), the radial direction is the radial direction along the tunnel section; the secondary lining formwork system is controlled by the second control unit to realize the lifting and lowering of multiple secondary lining formwork systems; when lifting the secondary lining formwork system, the second control unit controls the corresponding secondary lining formwork system to rise radially outward from the arch frame structure, and rise to a predetermined height according to the size of the tunnel section, and lock the secondary lining formwork system.

[0016] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the secondary lining formwork system is supported by a temporary support structure, and the lifting and lowering of the secondary lining formwork system is achieved by the extension and retraction of the temporary support structure, and the temporary support structure is formed by a plurality of horizontal, longitudinal and oblique support rods hinged to each other.

[0017] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that in step (3), the adjustment of the shape of the template is controlled by a third control unit, the template articulation system has a first articulation structure and a second articulation structure, the template is connected to the top of the temporary support structure of the second lining template system through the first articulation structure; the second articulation structure is arranged between the template and the first articulation structure, and is used to support and adjust the shape of the template.

[0018] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that in the step (5), when the construction of the second lining is completed, the second control unit controls the corresponding second lining formwork system to descend, first controlling the temporary support structure of the second lining formwork system at the support mutation section to shrink slightly downward, so that the formwork of the second lining formwork system is separated from the concrete structure of the second lining; after waiting for 3-5 minutes, the temporary support structure of each second lining formwork system on both sides of the above second lining formwork system is controlled to shrink slightly downward, after waiting for 1-2 minutes, the temporary support structures of all the second lining formwork systems are sequentially shrinked downward according to the above steps; finally, the temporary support structures of all the second lining formwork systems are controlled to shrink completely until the second lining formwork system completely returns to the original position of the arch frame structure, thereby completing the removal of the temporary support.

[0019] In any of the above solutions, preferably, the first, second and third control units communicate with the control assembly of the secondary lining construction device respectively, and the control assembly implements overall control.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The method of the present invention can improve the safety and economy of secondary lining construction in situations where there are many sudden changes in tunnel cross-sections, and provides countermeasures for the dangers that may occur during the removal of temporary supports, thereby ensuring the safety and efficiency of the construction process.

[0022] 2. The secondary lining construction device used in the present invention has an overall arched frame structure that closely matches the overall cross-sectional dimensions and shape of the tunnel. This allows the secondary lining construction device to more effectively support and bear the load during construction, meeting the overall structural strength requirements and ensuring the safety of secondary lining construction. Furthermore, the present method facilitates adjustment of the curvature of the secondary lining formwork system to suit the required curvature of the tunnel, significantly improving the speed and effectiveness of construction.

[0023] 3. The secondary lining construction device used in the method of the present invention adopts a crawler wheel structure, which is convenient for all-round movement and adjustment in the complex environment of the tunnel, overcoming the defect that the conventional track-type mobile gantry can only move limitedly on the designated track.

[0024] 4. The temporary support removal method in the method of the present invention is carried out in a specific order, taking into account the stress state of the secondary lining structure, and can further ensure the safety and stability of the secondary lining structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a secondary lining construction device used in the method according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a structural end view of a template for a secondary lining construction device used in the method according to the present invention.

[0027] Among them, 1: secondary lining construction device, 2: temporary support structure, 3: secondary lining formwork system, 4: formwork body, 5: support stabilization system, 6: positioning device, 7: first articulated structure, 8: second articulated structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the specific implementation methods and drawings of the present application. However, the following examples are only for understanding the present invention. The embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application can be implemented in a variety of different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] See also Figure 1 A method for constructing a secondary lining at a sudden change section and a method for removing temporary supports thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0031] (1) After the initial support construction of the tunnel is completed and stabilized, the secondary lining construction device is started and brought to the designated construction location and then positioned; the secondary lining construction device is in an overall arched frame structure, and a support and stabilization system is provided on the inner side of the arched frame structure;

[0032] (2) After the secondary lining construction device is in place, the positioning device is started to stabilize it in the construction position, and then the secondary lining formwork system for lifting the secondary lining construction device is started; the secondary lining formwork system is arranged in a row along the axial direction of the arch frame structure, and can be raised and lowered along the radial direction of the arch frame structure;

[0033] (3) According to the different heights and transition forms at the sudden section of the tunnel, the different lifting heights of the multiple secondary lining formwork systems and the shapes of the templates of the corresponding secondary lining formwork systems are adjusted to meet the secondary lining construction requirements at the sudden section of the tunnel, that is, the multiple secondary lining formwork systems are adjusted in place; the template is located at the top of the secondary lining formwork system and is connected to the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system through a template articulation system, and the template articulation system can realize appropriate adjustment of the shape of the template;

[0034] (4) Carry out concrete construction, complete the secondary lining construction at the sudden section, and wait for the concrete of the secondary lining to reach the solidification requirements;

[0035] (5) Start shrinking the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system, that is, remove the secondary lining formwork system and dismantle the temporary support; move the secondary lining construction device and repeat the above steps to carry out the construction of the next section.

[0036] In the step (1), the motor of the secondary lining construction device is started to drive the secondary lining construction device to move. The secondary lining construction device adopts a crawler wheel structure, which is convenient for all-round movement and adjustment in the complex environment of the tunnel, overcoming the defect that the conventional track-type mobile gantry can only move limitedly on the designated track; there are four groups of crawler wheel structures, and each arch foot of the arch frame structure of the secondary lining construction device is provided with two groups of front and rear crawler wheel structures, and the crawler in each group is covered with 3-6 rollers; each group of crawler wheel structures can rotate 360 ​​degrees relative to the secondary lining construction device.

[0037] In step (1), the support stabilization system is composed of a plurality of transverse, longitudinal and oblique support rods connected to each other to form an overall stable support structure, and the overall stable support structure is in the shape of a five-pointed star.

[0038] In the step (2), the axial direction is the excavation direction along the tunnel; the positioning device is arranged around each arch foot of the arch frame structure and is located above the track wheel structure, the positioning device includes a plurality of extended telescopic structures and corresponding oblique support telescopic structures, the free end of the extended telescopic structure is provided with an enlarged disk with a small drill bit, the small drill bit is controlled by the first control unit of the positioning device, the other end of the extended telescopic structure is hinged to the arch foot, and the two ends of the oblique support telescopic structure are respectively hinged to the arch foot and the extended telescopic structure; during positioning, with the arch foot as the center, the first control unit controls the positioning device to open the extended telescopic structure in an umbrella shape, and the oblique support telescopic structure is also unfolded for support, after the positioning device is opened into place, the enlarged disk contacts the bottom surface of the tunnel, the first control unit controls the small drill bit to drill, so that the enlarged disk is anchored on the bottom surface of the tunnel, and the extended telescopic structure and the oblique support telescopic structure are locked at the same time, so as to achieve stable support for the secondary lining construction device, that is, complete the positioning operation. After the secondary lining construction is completed, to release the positioning, the first control unit controls the small drill to reverse and move out from the bottom of the tunnel, and controls the extended telescopic structure and the oblique support telescopic structure to unlock and retract, returning to the original state, thereby completing the release of the positioning.

[0039] In step (2), the radial direction is the radial direction along the tunnel section; the secondary lining formwork system is controlled by the second control unit to realize the lifting and lowering of multiple secondary lining formwork systems; when lifting the secondary lining formwork system, the second control unit controls the corresponding secondary lining formwork system to rise radially outward from the arch frame structure, and rise to a predetermined height according to the size of the tunnel section, and lock the secondary lining formwork system.

[0040] The secondary lining formwork system is supported by a temporary support structure, and the lifting and lowering of the secondary lining formwork system is achieved by the extension and retraction of the temporary support structure. The temporary support structure is formed by a plurality of horizontal, longitudinal and oblique support rods hinged to each other.

[0041] In the step (3), the adjustment of the shape of the template is controlled by a third control unit, the template articulation system has a first articulation structure and a second articulation structure, the template is connected to the top of the temporary support structure of the second lining template system through the first articulation structure; the second articulation structure is arranged between the template and the first articulation structure, and is used to support and adjust the shape of the template.

[0042] In the step (5), when the construction of the secondary lining is completed, the second control unit controls the corresponding secondary lining formwork system to descend, first controlling the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system at the support mutation section to shrink slightly downward, so that the formwork of the secondary lining formwork system is separated from the concrete structure of the secondary lining; after waiting for 3 minutes, the temporary support structure of each secondary lining formwork system on both sides of the above-mentioned secondary lining formwork system is controlled to shrink slightly downward, and after waiting for 1 minute, the temporary support structures of all secondary lining formwork systems are sequentially shrinked downward according to the above steps; finally, the temporary support structures of all secondary lining formwork systems are controlled to shrink completely until the secondary lining formwork system completely returns to the original position of the arch frame structure, thereby completing the removal of the temporary support.

[0043] The first, second and third control units communicate with the control assembly of the second lining construction device respectively, and the control assembly implements overall control.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] See also Figure 1 A method for constructing a secondary lining at a sudden change section and a method for removing temporary supports thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0046] (1) After the initial support construction of the tunnel is completed and stabilized, the secondary lining construction device is started and brought to the designated construction location and then positioned; the secondary lining construction device is in an overall arched frame structure, and a support and stabilization system is provided on the inner side of the arched frame structure;

[0047] (2) After the secondary lining construction device is in place, the positioning device is started to stabilize it in the construction position, and then the secondary lining formwork system for lifting the secondary lining construction device is started; the secondary lining formwork system is arranged in a row along the axial direction of the arch frame structure, and can be raised and lowered along the radial direction of the arch frame structure;

[0048] (3) According to the different heights and transition forms at the sudden section of the tunnel, the different lifting heights of the multiple secondary lining formwork systems and the shapes of the templates of the corresponding secondary lining formwork systems are adjusted to meet the secondary lining construction requirements at the sudden section of the tunnel, that is, the multiple secondary lining formwork systems are adjusted in place; the template is located at the top of the secondary lining formwork system and is connected to the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system through a template articulation system, and the template articulation system can realize appropriate adjustment of the shape of the template;

[0049] (4) Carry out concrete construction, complete the secondary lining construction at the sudden section, and wait for the concrete of the secondary lining to reach the solidification requirements;

[0050] (5) Start shrinking the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system, that is, remove the secondary lining formwork system and dismantle the temporary support; move the secondary lining construction device and repeat the above steps to carry out the construction of the next section.

[0051] In the step (1), the motor of the secondary lining construction device is started to drive the secondary lining construction device to move. The secondary lining construction device adopts a crawler wheel structure, which is convenient for all-round movement and adjustment in the complex environment of the tunnel, overcoming the defect that the conventional track-type mobile gantry can only move limitedly on the designated track; there are four groups of crawler wheel structures, and each arch foot of the arch frame structure of the secondary lining construction device is provided with two groups of front and rear crawler wheel structures, and the crawler in each group is covered with 3-6 rollers; each group of crawler wheel structures can rotate 360 ​​degrees relative to the secondary lining construction device.

[0052] In step (1), the support stabilization system is composed of a plurality of transverse, longitudinal and oblique support rods connected to each other to form an overall stable support structure, and the overall stable support structure is in the shape of a five-pointed star.

[0053] In the step (2), the axial direction is the excavation direction along the tunnel; the positioning device is arranged around each arch foot of the arch frame structure and is located above the track wheel structure, the positioning device includes a plurality of extended telescopic structures and corresponding oblique support telescopic structures, the free end of the extended telescopic structure is provided with an enlarged disk with a small drill bit, the small drill bit is controlled by the first control unit of the positioning device, the other end of the extended telescopic structure is hinged to the arch foot, and the two ends of the oblique support telescopic structure are respectively hinged to the arch foot and the extended telescopic structure; during positioning, with the arch foot as the center, the first control unit controls the positioning device to open the extended telescopic structure in an umbrella shape, and the oblique support telescopic structure is also unfolded for support, after the positioning device is opened into place, the enlarged disk contacts the bottom surface of the tunnel, the first control unit controls the small drill bit to drill, so that the enlarged disk is anchored on the bottom surface of the tunnel, and the extended telescopic structure and the oblique support telescopic structure are locked at the same time, so as to achieve stable support for the secondary lining construction device, that is, complete the positioning operation. After the secondary lining construction is completed, to release the positioning, the first control unit controls the small drill to reverse and move out from the bottom of the tunnel, and controls the extended telescopic structure and the oblique support telescopic structure to unlock and retract, returning to the original state, thereby completing the release of the positioning.

[0054] In step (2), the radial direction is the radial direction along the tunnel section; the secondary lining formwork system is controlled by the second control unit to realize the lifting and lowering of multiple secondary lining formwork systems; when lifting the secondary lining formwork system, the second control unit controls the corresponding secondary lining formwork system to rise radially outward from the arch frame structure, and rise to a predetermined height according to the size of the tunnel section, and lock the secondary lining formwork system.

[0055] The secondary lining formwork system is supported by a temporary support structure, and the lifting and lowering of the secondary lining formwork system is achieved by the extension and retraction of the temporary support structure. The temporary support structure is formed by a plurality of horizontal, longitudinal and oblique support rods hinged to each other.

[0056] In the step (3), the adjustment of the shape of the template is controlled by a third control unit, the template articulation system has a first articulation structure and a second articulation structure, the template is connected to the top of the temporary support structure of the second lining template system through the first articulation structure; the second articulation structure is arranged between the template and the first articulation structure, and is used to support and adjust the shape of the template.

[0057] In the step (5), when the construction of the secondary lining is completed, the second control unit controls the corresponding secondary lining formwork system to descend, first controlling the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system at the support mutation section to shrink slightly downward, so that the formwork of the secondary lining formwork system is separated from the concrete structure of the secondary lining; after waiting for 5 minutes, the temporary support structure of each secondary lining formwork system on both sides of the above-mentioned secondary lining formwork system is controlled to shrink slightly downward, and after waiting for 2 minutes, the temporary support structures of all secondary lining formwork systems are sequentially shrinked downward according to the above steps; finally, the temporary support structures of all secondary lining formwork systems are controlled to shrink completely until the secondary lining formwork system completely returns to the original position of the arch frame structure, thereby completing the removal of the temporary support.

[0058] The first, second and third control units communicate with the control assembly of the second lining construction device respectively, and the control assembly implements overall control.

[0059] See also Figure 2The second hinged structure includes three formwork support members, which are hingedly connected to each other. Each formwork support member is controlled by a hydraulic telescopic cylinder, which is respectively connected to the first hinged structure. The formwork support members support the formwork body. Such a structural setting can make each formwork of the second lining formwork system adjust its own shape to adapt to the construction of sudden sections. For example, the junction of the large section and the small section may be a transition form of various angles. Through the above structure, each formwork can be adaptively adjusted, so that the overall formwork of the second lining formwork system can be adjusted into place to carry out the formwork support of this transition form. Therefore, the adaptability and construction speed of the method of the present invention are greatly improved, while also ensuring the construction effect at the sudden section, and ensuring that concrete construction can be carried out in one go without being carried out in batches.

[0060] The template body can be made of a high-strength, deformable composite material to meet the needs of shape adjustment. The composite material includes the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of nitrile rubber, 12-15 parts of cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber, 10-12 parts of polyurethane rubber, 10-15 parts of polypropylene resin, 10-12 parts of glass fiber, 10-15 parts of bentonite, 8-10 parts of isocyanate resin, 5-8 parts of oxy-terminated polyethylene glycol, 5-8 parts of vinyl silane, 5-6 parts of thermal conductive paste, 1-2 parts of octadecanoic acid, 3-4 parts of nanosilica, 2-4 parts of attapulgite clay, 1-2 parts of plasticizer, 3-4 parts of methylvinyl toluene, 1-3 parts of coupling agent, and 1-3 parts of antioxidant.

[0061] The components of this composite material work synergistically to increase bulk density, enhance wear resistance and strength, and significantly extend service life. It also exhibits excellent high-temperature resistance, good resilience, and minimal compression set. This improves fire and corrosion resistance, while also possessing strong physical properties. This composite material significantly shortens molding time and exhibits high flexural strength. It possesses high strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, does not bond to concrete, and is easy to clean.

[0062] The properties of the composite material product of the present invention are shown in the table below.

[0063]

[0064] It can be seen from this that various properties of the composite material of the present invention are greatly improved, and the effect of being used as a template is greatly enhanced.

[0065] Example 3

[0066] See also Figure 1 A method for constructing a secondary lining at a sudden change section and a method for removing temporary supports thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0067] (1) After the initial support construction of the tunnel is completed and stabilized, the secondary lining construction device is started and brought to the designated construction location and then positioned; the secondary lining construction device is in an overall arched frame structure, and a support and stabilization system is provided on the inner side of the arched frame structure;

[0068] (2) After the secondary lining construction device is in place, the positioning device is started to stabilize it in the construction position, and then the secondary lining formwork system for lifting the secondary lining construction device is started; the secondary lining formwork system is arranged in a row along the axial direction of the arch frame structure, and can be raised and lowered along the radial direction of the arch frame structure;

[0069] (3) According to the different heights and transition forms at the sudden section of the tunnel, the different lifting heights of the multiple secondary lining formwork systems and the shapes of the templates of the corresponding secondary lining formwork systems are adjusted to meet the secondary lining construction requirements at the sudden section of the tunnel, that is, the multiple secondary lining formwork systems are adjusted in place; the template is located at the top of the secondary lining formwork system and is connected to the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system through a template articulation system, and the template articulation system can realize appropriate adjustment of the shape of the template;

[0070] (4) Carry out concrete construction, complete the secondary lining construction at the sudden section, and wait for the concrete of the secondary lining to reach the solidification requirements;

[0071] (5) Start shrinking the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system, that is, remove the secondary lining formwork system and dismantle the temporary support; move the secondary lining construction device and repeat the above steps to carry out the construction of the next section.

[0072] In the step (1), the motor of the secondary lining construction device is started to drive the secondary lining construction device to move. The secondary lining construction device adopts a crawler wheel structure, which is convenient for all-round movement and adjustment in the complex environment of the tunnel, overcoming the defect that the conventional track-type mobile gantry can only move limitedly on the designated track; there are four groups of crawler wheel structures, and each arch foot of the arch frame structure of the secondary lining construction device is provided with two groups of front and rear crawler wheel structures, and the crawler in each group is covered with 3-6 rollers; each group of crawler wheel structures can rotate 360 ​​degrees relative to the secondary lining construction device.

[0073] In step (1), the support stabilization system is composed of a plurality of transverse, longitudinal and oblique support rods connected to each other to form an overall stable support structure, and the overall stable support structure is in the shape of a five-pointed star.

[0074] In the step (2), the axial direction is the excavation direction along the tunnel; the positioning device is arranged around each arch foot of the arch frame structure and is located above the track wheel structure, the positioning device includes a plurality of extended telescopic structures and corresponding oblique support telescopic structures, the free end of the extended telescopic structure is provided with an enlarged disk with a small drill bit, the small drill bit is controlled by the first control unit of the positioning device, the other end of the extended telescopic structure is hinged to the arch foot, and the two ends of the oblique support telescopic structure are respectively hinged to the arch foot and the extended telescopic structure; during positioning, with the arch foot as the center, the first control unit controls the positioning device to open the extended telescopic structure in an umbrella shape, and the oblique support telescopic structure is also unfolded for support, after the positioning device is opened into place, the enlarged disk contacts the bottom surface of the tunnel, the first control unit controls the small drill bit to drill, so that the enlarged disk is anchored on the bottom surface of the tunnel, and the extended telescopic structure and the oblique support telescopic structure are locked at the same time, so as to achieve stable support for the secondary lining construction device, that is, complete the positioning operation. After the secondary lining construction is completed, to release the positioning, the first control unit controls the small drill to reverse and move out from the bottom of the tunnel, and controls the extended telescopic structure and the oblique support telescopic structure to unlock and retract, returning to the original state, thereby completing the release of the positioning.

[0075] In step (2), the radial direction is the radial direction along the tunnel section; the secondary lining formwork system is controlled by the second control unit to realize the lifting and lowering of multiple secondary lining formwork systems; when lifting the secondary lining formwork system, the second control unit controls the corresponding secondary lining formwork system to rise radially outward from the arch frame structure, and rise to a predetermined height according to the size of the tunnel section, and lock the secondary lining formwork system.

[0076] The secondary lining formwork system is supported by a temporary support structure, and the lifting and lowering of the secondary lining formwork system is achieved by the extension and retraction of the temporary support structure. The temporary support structure is formed by a plurality of horizontal, longitudinal and oblique support rods hinged to each other.

[0077] In the step (3), the adjustment of the shape of the template is controlled by a third control unit, the template articulation system has a first articulation structure and a second articulation structure, the template is connected to the top of the temporary support structure of the second lining template system through the first articulation structure; the second articulation structure is arranged between the template and the first articulation structure, and is used to support and adjust the shape of the template.

[0078] In the step (5), when the construction of the secondary lining is completed, the second control unit controls the corresponding secondary lining formwork system to descend, first controlling the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system at the support mutation section to shrink slightly downward, so that the formwork of the secondary lining formwork system is separated from the concrete structure of the secondary lining; after waiting for 4 minutes, the temporary support structure of each secondary lining formwork system on both sides of the above-mentioned secondary lining formwork system is controlled to shrink slightly downward, and after waiting for 2 minutes, the temporary support structures of all secondary lining formwork systems are sequentially shrinked downward according to the above steps; finally, the temporary support structures of all secondary lining formwork systems are controlled to shrink completely until the secondary lining formwork system completely returns to the original position of the arch frame structure, thereby completing the removal of the temporary support.

[0079] The first, second and third control units communicate with the control assembly of the secondary lining construction device respectively, and the control assembly realizes overall control. The first, second and third control units can respectively control the corresponding drive units to realize the operation of the corresponding structure or system.

[0080] In this embodiment, the second control unit of each secondary lining formwork system controls the elevation of temporary support structures at different locations, thereby adjusting the curvature of the formwork according to the actual curvature of the tunnel cross section to meet construction needs. Therefore, the formwork of each secondary lining formwork system is evenly divided into multiple modules, each of which is hingedly connected along the curvature of the secondary lining formwork system to facilitate adjustment of the curvature of the secondary lining formwork system.

[0081] The extended telescopic structure and the oblique supporting telescopic structure of the positioning device, as well as the support rods of the temporary supporting structure, are also capable of achieving their own telescopic movement, that is, they all achieve telescopic movement through the structural form of the telescopic sleeve rod. The locking mentioned in the present invention refers to the locking of the hinge and the locking of the telescopic sleeve rod.

[0082] For example, the second control unit controls the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder or the air cylinder to realize the lifting and lowering of the secondary lining formwork system. The support rod of the temporary support structure adopts a telescopic sleeve rod, and the inner rod is provided with a stop block that can be controlled to pop up or retract. The outer rod is provided with a multi-stage stop boss arranged along the length of the rod, and the stop block can be stopped on the stop boss along the extension direction. The hinge of each support rod of the temporary support structure is provided with a stop structure that can be controlled to pop up or retract. When the secondary lining formwork system is lifted, the second control unit controls the extension of the hydraulic cylinder or the air cylinder, driving the support rods of the temporary support structure to begin to extend, and at the same time starts the control to make the stop block on the inner rod of the telescopic sleeve pop up, and each support rod also pivots around the corresponding hinge. When the jacking is in place, the hydraulic cylinder or the air cylinder stops working. At this time, the locking block on the inner rod of each telescopic sleeve is locked on the locking boss of the outer rod, thereby locking each support rod. At the same time, the control is started to make the locking structure at each hinge pop up, locking the pivotal movement of each support rod at the hinge, thus achieving the locking of the hinge. At this time, the locking of the secondary lining formwork system is completed.

[0083] When the secondary lining is completed, the second control unit controls the retraction of the hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders to lower the secondary lining formwork system. This activates control, retracting the locking blocks on the inner rod of the telescopic sleeve and the locking structures at each hinge. The support rods begin to retract, and the corresponding hinges resume their pivotal motion until the secondary lining formwork system returns to its original position within the arched frame structure.

[0084] The positioning operation and the releasing operation of the positioning device also have the same structure and principle.

[0085] Through the above method, the corresponding structure can be automatically extended or lifted, and can be automatically locked, ensuring safe operation and convenience during construction, greatly improving construction speed and efficiency, and can well guarantee construction results.

[0086] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the method of the present invention can improve the safety and economy of secondary lining construction in situations where there are many sudden changes in tunnel cross-sections, and provides countermeasures for dangers that may occur during the removal of temporary supports, thereby ensuring the safety and efficiency of the construction process.

[0087] The secondary lining construction device used in the present invention has an overall arched frame structure that closely matches the overall cross-sectional dimensions and shape of the tunnel. This allows the secondary lining construction device to more effectively support and bear the load during construction, meeting the overall structural strength requirements and ensuring the safety of secondary lining construction. Furthermore, the present method facilitates adjustment of the curvature of the secondary lining formwork system to suit the required tunnel curvature, significantly improving the speed and effectiveness of construction.

[0088] The secondary lining construction device used in the method of the present invention adopts a crawler wheel structure, which is convenient for all-round movement and adjustment in the complex environment of the tunnel, and overcomes the defect that the conventional track-type mobile gantry can only move limitedly on the designated track.

[0089] The temporary support removal method in the method of the present invention is carried out in a specific order, taking into account the stress state of the secondary lining structure, and can further ensure the safety and stability of the secondary lining structure.

[0090] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other manner. Any person skilled in the art may utilize the above-disclosed technical content to modify or modify the present invention into equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and modifications to the above embodiments that do not depart from the technical content of the present invention and are based on the technical essence of the present invention remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a secondary lining at a sudden change section and a method for removing temporary supports thereof, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) After the initial support construction of the tunnel is completed and stabilized, the secondary lining construction device is started and brought to the designated construction location and then put into place; the secondary lining construction device is an overall arched frame structure with a support and stabilization system installed inside; (2) After the secondary lining construction device is in place, the positioning device is started to stabilize it in the construction position, and then the secondary lining formwork system of the secondary lining construction device is started to be lifted; the secondary lining formwork system is arranged in a plurality of rows and rows along the axial direction of the arch frame structure, and can be lifted and lowered along the radial direction of the arch frame structure; the radial direction is the radial direction along the tunnel section; the secondary lining formwork system is controlled by the second control unit to realize the lifting and lowering of multiple secondary lining formwork systems; when lifting the secondary lining formwork system, the second control unit controls the corresponding secondary lining formwork system to rise radially outward from the arch frame structure, and to a predetermined height according to the size of the tunnel section, and locks the secondary lining formwork system; the lifting degree of the temporary support structure of different parts of each secondary lining formwork system is controlled by the second control unit, and the formwork of each secondary lining formwork system is evenly divided into multiple blocks, and each block is hingedly connected along the arc direction of the secondary lining formwork system; (3) According to the different heights and transition forms at the sudden section of the tunnel, the different lifting heights of the multiple secondary lining formwork systems and the shapes of the templates of the corresponding secondary lining formwork systems are adjusted to meet the secondary lining construction requirements at the sudden section of the tunnel, that is, the multiple secondary lining formwork systems are adjusted in place; the template is located at the top of the secondary lining formwork system, and is connected to the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system through the template articulation system; the adjustment of the shape of the template is controlled by a third control unit, the template articulation system has a first and a second articulation structure, the template is connected to the top of the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system through the first articulation structure; the second articulation structure is arranged between the template and the first articulation structure, and supports and adjusts the shape of the template; the second articulation structure includes three template support members, which are connected to each other by articulation, and each template support member is controlled by a hydraulic telescopic cylinder, which is respectively connected to the first articulation structure, and the template support member supports the template body; (4) Carry out concrete construction, complete the secondary lining construction at the sudden section, and wait for the concrete of the secondary lining to reach the solidification requirements; (5) Start shrinking the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system, that is, remove the secondary lining formwork system and dismantle the temporary support; move the secondary lining construction device and repeat the above steps to carry out the construction of the next section.

2. The method for constructing the secondary lining at a sudden section and the method for removing the temporary support thereof according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step (1), the motor of the secondary lining construction device is started to drive the secondary lining construction device to move. The secondary lining construction device adopts a crawler wheel structure. There are four groups of crawler wheel structures. Each arch foot of the arch frame structure of the secondary lining construction device is provided with two groups of front and rear crawler wheel structures. The crawler in each group is covered with 3-6 rollers. Each group of crawler wheel structures can rotate 360 ​​degrees relative to the secondary lining construction device.

3. The method for constructing the secondary lining at a sudden section and the method for removing the temporary support thereof according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step (1), the support stabilization system is composed of a plurality of transverse, longitudinal and oblique support rods connected to each other to form an overall stable support structure, and the overall stable support structure is in the shape of a five-pointed star.

4. The method for constructing the secondary lining at a sudden section and the method for removing the temporary support thereof according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step (2), the axial direction is the excavation direction along the tunnel; the positioning device is arranged around each arch foot of the arch frame structure and is located above the track wheel structure, and the positioning device includes a plurality of extended telescopic structures and corresponding oblique support telescopic structures, the free end of the extended telescopic structure is provided with an enlarged disk with a small drill bit, and the small drill bit is controlled by the first control unit of the positioning device, the other end of the extended telescopic structure is hinged to the arch foot, and the two ends of the oblique support telescopic structure are respectively hinged to the arch foot and the extended telescopic structure.

5. The method for constructing the secondary lining at a sudden section and the method for removing the temporary support thereof according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The secondary lining formwork system is supported by a temporary support structure, and the lifting and lowering of the secondary lining formwork system is achieved by the extension and retraction of the temporary support structure. The temporary support structure is formed by a plurality of horizontal, longitudinal and oblique support rods hinged to each other.

6. The method for constructing the secondary lining at a sudden section and the method for removing the temporary support thereof according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In the step (5), when the construction of the secondary lining is completed, the second control unit controls the corresponding secondary lining formwork system to descend, first controlling the temporary support structure of the secondary lining formwork system at the support mutation section to shrink slightly downward, so that the formwork of the secondary lining formwork system is separated from the concrete structure of the secondary lining; after waiting for 3-5 minutes, the temporary support structure of each secondary lining formwork system on both sides of the above-mentioned secondary lining formwork system is controlled to shrink slightly downward, and after waiting for 1-2 minutes, the temporary support structures of all secondary lining formwork systems are sequentially shrinked downward according to the above steps; finally, the temporary support structures of all secondary lining formwork systems are controlled to shrink completely until the secondary lining formwork system completely returns to the original position of the arch frame structure, thereby completing the removal of the temporary support.

7. The method for constructing the secondary lining at a sudden section and the method for removing the temporary support thereof according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The first, second and third control units communicate with the control assembly of the second lining construction device respectively, and the control assembly implements overall control.

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