Methods and apparatuses for describing bone deformities

Abstract

The logic can determine how to restore the bone segments. The logic can transmit one or more images for display with the at least two bone segments. The logic can identify a first restoration point and a third point on a first bone segment and a second restoration point and a fourth point on a second bone segment. The logic can identify a fifth point on the first bone segment and a sixth point on the second bone segment. The logic can also divide one or more images along a line or plane between the bone segments, bring the second restoration point and associated image segment to the first restoration point, align the line or plane of the second bone segment with the line or plane of the first bone segment. Further, the logic can adjust for the alignment and record the movement of the image segment or compare the original position and the final position to determine deformation parameters.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application is a non-provisional application filed on January 9, 2020, entitled “Methods and Arrangements to Describe Deformity of a Bone”, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 958,833, and claims the benefit of the application as of its filing date, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure generally relates to orthopedic devices, systems, and methods for facilitating surgical navigation that promotes bone segment alignment or is associated with bone segments, and specifically relates to describing bone deformities. Background Technology

[0004] Orthopedic surgeons must analyze multiple deformities involving displacement or misalignment of two or more bone segments. Some simple deformities can be resolved briefly in the clinic or operating room. Other conditions require careful planning and extended treatment time.

[0005] Bone deformities are a three-dimensional problem and are typically described quantitatively using six deformability parameters that can be measured using medical imaging and clinical assessment. These parameters are generally described as anterior-posterior (AP) view translation, AP view angle, sagittal (LAT) view translation, sagittal view angle, axial view translation, and axial view angle. Angle values ​​are evaluated by measuring the angular difference between the mechanical axes of two bone segments. Translation values ​​are evaluated by measuring the distance between points on each bone segment, which would be juxtaposed if the bone segments were properly aligned and restored. Deformation parameters are evaluated based on medical images, AP and transverse radiographs or three-dimensional (3D) imaging modalities, and clinical assessment.

[0006] Modern medicine includes many digital tools that can help orthopedic surgeons align bone segments. Unfortunately, current digital tools for assessing bone deformities can be laborious and may require specialized knowledge to properly identify and position the axes and corresponding points of deformed bone segments. The methods and apparatus disclosed in this paper describe a graphical approach for digitally correcting bone segments, designed to improve analysis speed and be more easily understood by those least familiar with bone deformities. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention is provided to introduce a series of concepts in a simplified form, which will be further described in the detailed description section below. This invention is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to help determine the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0008] This disclosure provides methods and apparatus for determining how to reconstruct two bone segments. The deformation determination logic circuit system can implement functions to determine how to reconstruct the two bone segments by implementing code to execute on processing circuitry, logical functions implemented in the circuit system, etc. The deformation determination logic circuit system can transmit an image having at least two bone segments in a first plane for display to a user, such as a physician. In many embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuit system can identify a first reconstruction point on the first bone segment; identify a second reconstruction point on the second bone segment; identify a third point on the first bone segment to generate a first line connecting to the first reconstruction point; and identify a fourth point on the second bone segment to generate a second line connecting to the second reconstruction point. The deformation determination logic circuit system can also divide the image along the second line, bringing the second reconstruction point and associated image segment to the first reconstruction point, aligning the second line and associated image segment with the first line. Furthermore, the deformation determination logic circuit system can interact with the user to obtain input, such as graphical input, to adjust the alignment of the bone segments. This process can be repeated with a second image of the bone segments in the second plane that is ideally (but not necessarily) orthogonal to the first image to obtain deformation parameters that cannot be calculated from the first image. In some embodiments, when using a 3D model of a patient’s bone segment, the deformable logic circuitry system can identify three points on a first segment and then identify three corresponding points on a second bone segment to generate two planes in which alignment can be restored in a 3D environment.

[0009] In some embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry can record the movement of image segments, each containing a bone segment, to calculate deformation parameters backward from the final restored state. In other embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry can compare the original and final positions of image segments, each containing a bone segment, to determine deformation parameters.

[0010] The following describes in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, at least some of the additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention, as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Specific embodiments of the apparatus of this disclosure will now be described by way of example only in the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0012] Figure 1A An embodiment of a system for treating patients is shown;

[0013] Figure 1B -F illustrates an example of anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) view contour images of the tibia in alignment and misalignment;

[0014] Figure 1G A 3D image with points and planes is shown;

[0015] Figure 2A -I illustrates an example of a postoperative radiographic (e.g., X-ray image) of the process of determining the movement of two misaligned tibial segments by adjusting radiographic images to align the misaligned tibia;

[0016] Figure 3 A flowchart depicts an embodiment for identifying the movement of bone segments to align them;

[0017] Figure 4 Depicting including Figure 1A The embodiments shown include the server computer's multiprocessor platform, chipset, bus, and accessories; and the HCP device and patient device system.

[0018] Figure 5-6 Describes storage media and, for example Figure 1A and Figure 4 An embodiment of the computing platform for the server computer, HCP device, and patient device shown.

[0019] The accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. The drawings are merely illustrative and not intended to depict specific parameters of this disclosure. The drawings are intended to depict various embodiments of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered as limiting the scope. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same elements. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Embodiments include systems and apparatus for identifying or transmitting deformations of bone segments. Many embodiments facilitate the identification and transmission of deformations by enabling manipulation of bone segments in one or more images (e.g., radiographs or other 2D or 3D medical images). For example, embodiments may include a deformation determination logic circuitry system that interacts with a user (e.g., a physician). In such embodiments, a physician may interact graphically with an image having at least two bone segments to determine information about the deformation of the bone segments. The graphical interaction between the physician and the image of the bone segments advantageously utilizes skill to physically align the bones to produce a mathematical representation of the deformation of the bone segments.

[0021] In some embodiments, the variant-determining logic system may reside on a remote computer via a network and, in other embodiments, via an application such as a web browser. In other embodiments, the variant-determining logic system may reside on a local computer that is directly accessible to the user. In still other embodiments, the variant-determining logic system may reside partly on a remote computer and partly on a local computer.

[0022] Some embodiments may identify a first restoration point on a first bone segment and a second restoration point on a second bone segment based on graphical input. The first and second restoration points can identify the interconnection points between the first and second bone segments.

[0023] In some embodiments, the identification of the first and second restoration points involves a user graphically selecting a first restoration point on a first bone segment and a second restoration point on a second bone segment. In other embodiments, the identification of the first and second restoration points may involve selecting two points on the first bone segment, selecting two points on the second bone segment, and calculating the first and second restoration points. In such embodiments, the first and second restoration points may originate from the midpoint (or other relative point) of two points selected on the first and second bone segments. For example, a user may graphically select two interconnection points between the first and second bone segments on the first bone segment, and a modified determination logic circuit system may calculate the first restoration point as originating from the midpoint (or other relative point) of two interconnection points identified on the first bone segment. Similarly, a user may graphically select two interconnection points between the first and second bone segments on the second bone segment, and a modified determination logic circuit system may calculate the second restoration point as originating from the midpoint (or other relative point) of two interconnection points identified on the second bone segment.

[0024] Some of these embodiments may receive one or more additional points. For example, if a user selects a first restore point on a first bone segment and a second restore point on a second bone segment, the user may also identify a third point on the first bone segment and a fourth point on the second bone segment. The third and fourth points may identify a second interconnection point and a third interconnection point between the first and second bone segments. The one or more additional points may also define planes on the first and second bone segments for a three-dimensional (3D) image. Note that the numerical designation of the points does not necessarily recognize the point input order in all embodiments. For example, a user may input the first restore point, then the third point, then the second restore point, and then the fourth point. In other embodiments, a user may identify two interconnection points on the first bone segment (e.g., the first and second interconnection points) and then identify two interconnection points on the second bone segment (e.g., the third and fourth interconnection points) to facilitate the calculation of the restore point on each bone segment. In several embodiments, the point input order may be defaulted and / or set by user preference. In other embodiments, the order in which the logic circuitry establishes and requests the identification (selection or calculation) of the first and second restore points, as well as the third and fourth points, may be determined by variations.

[0025] In the case of two points on the first bone segment, the deformation determination logic circuitry can draw a first line on the image between the first restored point and the third point. Similarly, in the case of two points on the second bone segment, the deformation determination logic circuitry can draw a second line on the image between the second restored point and the fourth point. In some embodiments, the two lines may represent the edges of the bone segments. In other embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry can draw cutting lines on the image using interconnect points and restored points (or between them) on the second bone segment.

[0026] In some embodiments, the first restoration point is defined on the first bone segment, and the deformation determination logic system may not require a third point to define a line on the first bone segment based on the first restoration point. Similarly, the second restoration point is defined on the second bone segment, and the deformation determination logic system may not require a fourth point to define a line on the second bone segment based on the second restoration point. The first line may pass through the first restoration point, and the second line may pass through the second restoration point. In another embodiment, the two lines may also be placed independently of the restoration point via user interaction or via analysis by the deformation determination logic system.

[0027] In some embodiments, the deformation-determining logic circuitry system may place a first restore point at the midpoint of two interconnect points on a first bone segment. In some embodiments, the deformation-determining logic circuitry system may place a second restore point at the midpoint of two interconnect points on a second bone segment. In some embodiments of these embodiments, the deformation-determining logic circuitry system may use a first restore point and a second restore point and juxtapose the first restore point and the second restore point, and in some embodiments, it may also juxtapose two interconnect points on the first bone segment with two interconnect points on the second bone segment. In such embodiments, the deformation-determining logic circuitry system may determine the translation and angle based on translation and the angle around the first and / or second restore point to juxtapose the first restore point with the second restore point, and / or juxtapose at least one of the two interconnect points on the first bone segment with at least one of the two interconnect points on the second bone segment.

[0028] In several embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry can draw a mechanical axis passing through the first bone segment and the first restoration point. In some of these embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry can draw a vertical line passing through the first restoration point to approximate the mechanical axis of the first bone segment. In other embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry can calculate or otherwise determine a second axis point on the first bone segment for the mechanical axis using input from a user and / or from markers in an image of the bone segment, and draw the mechanical axis using the first restoration point and the second axis point.

[0029] Several embodiments can create copies of an image. Some embodiments can mask portions of the original image on the second bone segment side of the cutting line and portions of the copied image on the first bone segment side of the cutting line. Other embodiments can mask the two images differently. Further embodiments can divide the image into at least two parts. In such embodiments, the first part may include a first bone segment or a portion thereof, and the second part may include a second bone segment or a portion thereof. Hereinafter, an image portion or copied image having an unmasked portion including the first bone segment may be referred to as the first bone segment in relation to graphical manipulations of, for example, an image portion including the first bone segment. The same applies to the second bone segment. In other words, instead of describing translations or angles of image portions, some of the following discussions describe, for example, the translations or angles of bone segments included in a portion of the manipulated image.

[0030] Many embodiments may juxtapose a first restore point and a second restore point to connect a first bone segment and a second bone segment, presenting a modified image to the user to determine AP or LAT translation and axial translation. Some of these embodiments may also juxtapose one or more additional interconnecting points, thereby effectively rotating the second bone segment in the modified image to determine the AP or LAT angle.

[0031] Another embodiment may rotate the lines between interconnecting points on the second bone segment to make them collinear with the lines between interconnecting points on the first bone segment in the modified image. Still other embodiments record each translation and / or angle of one or both bone segments. Other embodiments compare the positions of one or both bone segments at least once, for example, after the alignment of the bone segments has been approved or saved, to determine each translation and angle of the bone segments.

[0032] In some embodiments, the juxtaposition of the first and second restore points (through the movement of an image or portion of an image having two bone segments) can provide estimates of, for example, AP translation or LAT translation based on the view represented in the image, and may also provide estimates of axial translation. Some embodiments automatically perform the juxtaposition of the first and second restore points after the user identifies the two restore points and / or the user inputs an instruction to save the first and second restore points. Some embodiments automatically perform the juxtaposition of the first and second restore points and the additional interconnection point after the user identifies the first and second restore points and the additional interconnection point and / or the user inputs an instruction to save the first and second restore points and the additional interconnection point. Some embodiments juxtapose the first and second restore points and automatically collinearize them by rotating the lines through the additional interconnection point and the corresponding restore point. Such embodiments can perform the juxtaposition and rotation after identifying these points and / or after the user inputs an instruction to save the first and second restore points and the additional interconnection point. Other embodiments receive graphical input and perform translation based on or in response to the graphical input.

[0033] The anatomical orientation necessary for orienting the calculated translations and angles requires establishing a coordinate system for each image. The coordinate system can be derived from markings within the image, such as transmissive line markers, user input (e.g., starting point and axes placed on the image), the desired orientation of the image (e.g., medial orientation to the right and proximal orientation to the top of the screen), hardware orientation constraints, or combinations thereof.

[0034] In some embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry can request the user to orient an image in a specific manner based on anatomical structures and views. For example, the left tibia should be oriented with the proximal side at the top of the screen, the lateral side on the left, the distal side at the bottom, and the medial side on the right. The mechanical axis can be fine-tuned in the coordinate system. The deformation determination logic circuitry can default to a vertical mechanical axis, so if the image is perfectly oriented with the proximal side at the top of the screen and the distal side perfectly at the bottom, no further action is required. If the mechanical axis is not perfectly vertical, it can be adjusted. In the left tibia example, the mechanical axis can be set at a 45-degree angle. The deformation determination logic circuitry can define the apex of the axis as proximal and the apex as distal. The deformation determination logic circuitry can define the medial and lateral sides perpendicular to the mechanical axis to fully define the coordinate system.

[0035] Some embodiments automatically rotate the line passing through the restoration point and the additional interconnection point around the concentric position of the first and second restoration points to make these lines collinear. Other embodiments may also receive graphical input and rotate one or two bone segments based on the graphical input to align the first and second bone segments.

[0036] Some embodiments use 3D images, such as CT scans or MRI scans, instead of two-dimensional (2D) images to reconstruct two bone segments. In the case of a three-dimensional image modality, the user must create a three-dimensional plane instead of a two-dimensional plane. The user can place three or more points on the first bone segment, allowing the deformation determination logic system to generate a three-dimensional plane for the first bone segment. Three points can also be placed on the second bone segment, allowing the deformation determination logic system to draw a second plane on the second bone segment. The points should be placed such that when the bone segments are aligned, the planes of the first and second bone segments are aligned (coplanar). Algorithms can be used to automatically place points / planes on each bone segment.

[0037] When using a three-dimensional image modality, many embodiments may align a plane generated from points on the second bone segment with a plane generated from points on the first bone segment to present a modified display of the bone segment. Some embodiments may also juxtapose points placed on the first bone segment with corresponding points placed on the second bone segment to further orient the second bone segment relative to the first bone segment. Some embodiments may use algorithms to determine the optimal fit between the two cutting surfaces. Some embodiments may require placing points at specific anatomical locations to create a coordinate system for orienting each bone segment. Other embodiments record each translation and / or angle of one or both bone segments. Still other embodiments compare the positions of one or two bone segments at least once, for example, after the alignment of the bone segments has been approved, to determine each translation and angle of the bone segments.

[0038] In some embodiments using the three-dimensional imaging modality, the alignment of one bone segment with the plane of another can provide estimates of six deformation parameters. The anatomical orientation necessary for orienting the calculated translations and angles can be derived from imaging markers within the image, user input, the desired orientation of the image, or hardware orientation.

[0039] Some embodiments perform alignment from one bone segment plane to another, and other movements indicated by the points placed on the bone segment, after the user has placed all six points. Other embodiments receive graphical input and perform translations and angles based on or in response to the graphical input. For example, using a three-dimensional imaging modality, many embodiments can automatically calculate axial angles.

[0040] In some embodiments, a user can compare a clinically determined axial angle with an axial angle determined via a three-dimensional imaging modality. Other embodiments may allow the user to add one or more additional axial angles for comparison. Such embodiments may generate and present images of the corrected bone segment based on two or more different axial angles. Other embodiments may present images on the screen individually, side-by-side, and / or overlapping. In some embodiments, a user can move one of the corrected images to overlap one or more other corrected images to perform a comparison. The user can then select an axial angle based on a review of the alternative corrected images to calculate deformation parameters.

[0041] Several embodiments identify a fixed bone segment (a bone segment with a fixed position and rotation), for example, by moving only one bone segment based on user input. In many embodiments discussed herein, the first bone segment may be in a fixed position and rotated, and the second bone segment may be moved to align the second bone segment with the first bone segment, but embodiments are not limited to this relationship. For example, some embodiments may facilitate translation and angulation of the two bone segments, or the second bone segment may be fixed while the first bone segment can be translated and rotated.

[0042] Then, several embodiments may receive graphical input via a modified image to fine-tune the alignment of the bone segments represented in the modified image. For example, if a user determines that the modified image does not show a satisfactory alignment of the first and second bone segments, such embodiments may adjust the alignment shown in the modified image based on graphical input from the user. Such embodiments may push or adjust, for example, the AP or LAT translation, axial translation, and / or AP or LAT angle shown in the modified image based on input from the user.

[0043] In the 3D reconstruction environment, the translation and angle of bone segments can be adjusted within a tilted plane (non-AP / LAT) representing the plane image of maximum deformation. Translation and rotation (pushing) of each segment can be performed around an independent 3D coordinate system.

[0044] In many embodiments, the axial angle can be determined clinically, for example, by performing a physical examination on the corresponding patient. Other embodiments may provide a transverse planar image to receive graphical input for the axial angle. Further embodiments may determine the axial angle by juxtaposing points identified on a first bone segment and points identified on a second bone segment in a 3D image and measuring the angle required for juxtaposition.

[0045] While many embodiments herein discuss external fixators for tibial and fibular fractures, the embodiments are applicable to deformities of any fractured or truncated bone. Furthermore, the embodiments described herein primarily focus on single fractures that separate a bone into two segments, but the embodiments are not limited to, for example, single fractures of the tibia or fibula. Embodiments can address each pair of bone segments individually, and the bone segments can be part of any bone. For example, the tibia can be fractured or truncated into three segments: a first segment, a second segment, and a third segment. Such embodiments can identify deformities of the first and second bone segments, and identify deformities of the third segment relative to the second segment.

[0046] Figure 1A An embodiment of a system for treating a patient is shown. The system shown is only one example of a system and includes only one example of the deformation analysis and / or correction planning discussed herein. Other systems may use deformation parameters for other types of bone alignment devices, fractures, deformity correction, joint replacement / fusion, and / or for navigation surgeries such as the installation of bone alignment devices (e.g., external bone alignment device 1).

[0047] The system may include: a bone alignment device 1 configured to be coupled to a patient; a patient device 2 connected to a network 5; a server computer 3 connected to the network 5; and a healthcare practitioner (HCP) device 4 connected to the network 5. The bone alignment device 1 may include a six-axis external fixator. In other embodiments, the bone alignment device 1 may be any device capable of being coupled to two or more bones or bone segments and moving or aligning the bones or bone segments relative to each other. In still other embodiments, the device used in the system within the scope of the embodiments may be any type of medical device, for which a set of deformation parameters for two or more bone segments may be advantageous.

[0048] The patient device 2 shown is a handheld wireless device. In other embodiments, the patient device can be any brand or type of electronic device capable of executing computer programs and outputting results to the patient. For example, but not limited to, patient device 2 can be a smartphone, tablet, mobile computer, or any other type of electronic device capable of providing one or both of information input and output. In some embodiments, patient device 2 can be a patient-owned device. In some embodiments, patient device 2 can be a handheld device or a desktop device. Such devices can provide patients connected to medical devices such as bone alignment device 1 with on-demand access for input and output. Patient devices such as patient device 2 can be distinguished from HCP devices such as HCP device 4, at least because patient devices do not necessarily require permission or interaction from HCP for the patient to transmit or receive information about the patient's treatment via patient device 2.

[0049] Patient devices such as patient device 2 can be connected to network 5 via any effective mechanism. For example, but not limited to, the connection can be wired and / or wireless, or they can be via any combination of any number of routers and switches. Data can be transmitted via any effective data transmission protocol. Any patient device in the system may include integrated or separate computer-readable media containing instructions to be executed by the patient device. For example, but not limited to, the computer-readable media can be any media integrated into the patient device, such as a hard disk drive, random access memory (RAM), or non-volatile flash memory. Such computer-readable media can be integrated, non-transitory data storage media once loaded into the patient device. Similarly, computer-readable media can generally be separate from the patient device, for example, a flash drive, external hard disk drive, optical disc (CD), or digital versatile optical disc (DVD) that can be directly read by the patient device or combined with components that can be connected to the patient device.

[0050] Network 5 can be one or more interconnected networks, whether private or distributed. Non-limiting examples include personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), private and / or public intranets, the Internet, cellular data communication networks, switched telephone networks or systems, etc. Connection to network 5 can be continuous or intermittent, provided only when a client requests it.

[0051] Figure 1 illustrates server computer 3 connected to network 5. In some embodiments, server computer 3 may be a single computing device, or it may be a collection of two or more computing devices and / or two or more data storage devices working together to process data as described herein. Server computer 3 or any one or more of its two or more computing devices (if applicable) may be connected to network 5 via one or both of a firewall and web server software, and may include one or more databases. If two or more computing devices or programs are used, the devices may be interconnected via a background server application, or they may be connected to network 5 via a separate connection. Any component of server computer 3 or the system server device may include integrated or separate computer-readable media containing instructions to be executed by the server computer. For example, but not limited to, computer-readable media may be any volatile or non-volatile media integrated into server computer 3, such as hard disk drives, random access memory (RAM), or non-volatile flash memory. Such computer-readable media may be integrated, non-transitory data storage media once loaded into server computer 3 as defined herein. In some embodiments, server computer 3 may include storage locations for information that will ultimately be used by patient device 2, server computer 3, and / or HCP device 4.

[0052] When stored on server computer 3, as defined herein, the storage device of server computer 3 provides non-transitory data storage and is a computer-readable medium containing instructions. Similarly, the computer-readable medium may be separable from server computer 3, such as a flash drive, external hard disk drive, magnetic tape drive, optical disc (CD), or digital versatile optical disc (DVD) that can be directly read by server computer 3 or combined with components that can be connected to server computer 3.

[0053] In some embodiments, the deformation determination logic system of server computer 3 may communicate with HCP device 4 via, for example, a web browser or other client software (deformation determination logic system) installed on HCP device 4 to facilitate interaction with a user such as an orthopedic surgeon, thereby describing the deformation based on a set of one or more images such as X-ray photographs. HCP device 4 may upload one or more images of the deformation via network 5. In other embodiments, the deformation determination logic system may be located on code and may include code executed, for example, by the processor of HCP device 4, making a network potentially unnecessary.

[0054] One or more images can be a single image, such as radiographs of first and second bone segments for a two-dimensional description of the deformation, or two 2D images or one 3D image for a three-dimensional description of the deformation. Additional medical imaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), X-ray, ultrasound, etc.) can be used to create a 3D model of the patient's bone to analyze deformation parameters of the bone segments. In some embodiments, if the code is part of a more complex software application that provides functionality beyond simply analyzing deformation, the one or more images may include additional images. For example, a hexapod software application can use deformation parameters from deformation analysis and additional inputs to determine a strut adjustment schedule or prescription for external bone alignment device 1. For example, the deformation determination logic circuitry system can use one or more or any combination of edge and image recognition software, X-ray marking, manual input, automatic input, augmented reality systems, and sensor technologies.

[0055] The software can display a 2D image with at least two bone segments in a first plane. Users can graphically indicate the positions of interconnect points between the first and second bone segments—such as a first restored point, a second restored point, and one or more additional interconnect points, possibly in any order—based on user preferences, either in a default order or a predefined order established by the deformation-determining logic circuitry system. In other embodiments, users can graphically indicate the positions of two interconnect points on the first bone segment and the positions of two corresponding interconnect points on the second bone segment. The deformation-determining logic circuitry system can calculate a first restored point on the first bone segment based on calculating the midpoint between the two interconnect points on the first bone segment. The deformation-determining logic circuitry system can also calculate a second restored point on the second bone segment based on calculating the midpoint between the two interconnect points on the second bone segment.

[0056] For the purposes of the following discussion, the first and third points may include interconnecting points on the first bone segment to connect with the second and fourth points, respectively, which include interconnecting points on the second bone segment. In some embodiments, the first interconnecting point may include a first restoration point, and the second interconnecting point may include a second restoration point. In other embodiments, the first restoration point is the midpoint between the first and third interconnecting points on the first bone segment, and the second restoration point is the midpoint between the second and fourth interconnecting points on the second bone segment. The first and second restoration points may represent translation points to be converged, and the resulting common center point may represent a pivot point used to angle the bone segments for alignment.

[0057] Embodiments utilizing 3D image modalities may require additional points. The first, third, and fifth points may comprise points on a first bone segment within a first plane, connecting to second, fourth, and sixth points on a second bone segment within a second plane, respectively. Some 3D embodiments may require placing the first and second point pairs, the third and fourth point pairs, and the fifth and sixth point pairs on their associated bone segments such that, if the two segments are correctly aligned, the first and second points will be juxtaposed, the second and third points will be juxtaposed, and the fifth and sixth points will be juxtaposed. Embodiments allowing 3D images may also treat the first and second restored points as translation points and concentricate them to form pivot points.

[0058] The software's deformation determination logic circuit system can cover a first restoration point on a first bone segment and a second restoration point on a second bone segment in a 2D or 3D image segment.

[0059] In many embodiments, the software's variant-determining logic circuitry can cover a third point on a first segment and also cover a first line interconnecting the first and third points. Similarly, the software's variant-determining logic circuitry can cover a fourth point on a second segment and also cover a second line interconnecting the second and fourth points. The generated lines may or may not be displayed to the user. Other embodiments for use with 2D images allow the user to directly, rather than by covering the third and fourth points on the 2D image, cover the lines passing through the first and second points.

[0060] For 3D images, some embodiments of the software's deformation-determining logic circuit system can, as described, cover three points on the first bone segment and three points on the second bone segment. Lines between the points are unnecessary (but can be shown optionally) because the three points in space can be used to generate a plane. The three points on each bone segment can be used to generate a plane on each bone segment, as... Figure 1GAs shown in the diagram. Other embodiments using the 3D image modality can allow the user to select the face of each bone segment and generate a plane perpendicular to the selected face, instead of requiring each segment to cover three points.

[0061] After identifying and potentially covering one or more lines, the software can divide the image along the cutting line (or the cutting plane of the 3D image), bringing the second restoration point and associated image segment to the first restoration point, and in some embodiments, generating a modified image showing concentric restoration points. In some embodiments, the cutting line or cutting plane may be defined by interconnecting points identified on the second bone segment, and in other embodiments, it may be defined based on another line or by interconnecting points identified on the first bone segment. In several embodiments, the software can automatically or interactively align the second line passing through the interconnecting point on the second bone segment (or, for the second plane on the second bone segment of the 3D image) and the associated image segment with the first line passing through the interconnecting point on the first bone segment (or, for the first plane on the first bone segment of the 3D image), so that the first and second lines are collinear (or, for the 3D image, the first and second planes are coplanar).

[0062] For 3D images, in some embodiments, the software can automatically or through user interaction juxtapose associated point pairs. In some 3D embodiments, the first and second reconstructed points can be juxtaposed as 3D pivot points of the bone segment. In other embodiments, multiple point pairs can be juxtaposed. If the point pairs cover the same location on the associated bone segment, the combination of juxtaposing the two points and making the two planes coplanar is sufficient to reconstruct the fracture in all six degrees of freedom. Some embodiments of the software can use an edge detection algorithm to align two bone segments after the plane of each bone segment, such that the relative position of the points on each bone segment is not critical.

[0063] After the software aligns the second line and associated image segment with the first line (or aligns the first plane with the second plane to be coplanar and juxtaposes or aligns bone segments by other means for 3D imaging), the bone segments in the first and second portions of the image will be at least substantially aligned, and a modified image showing the alignment can be displayed. In many embodiments, if the user determines that the first and second bone segments are not well aligned, or that the alignment can be improved in other ways, the deformation determination logic circuitry system can provide the user with the opportunity to adjust the alignment. In many such embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry system allows the user to overlay one or more reference lines on the modified image. For example, a reference line may include a straight line passing through the axis of the first bone segment, and a second reference line may include a straight line passing through the axis of the second bone segment. When the bone segments are correctly aligned, the axes of the two segments are collinear, so some embodiments may provide only one axis passing through one of the bone segments so that the user can evaluate whether proper alignment has been achieved.

[0064] If the user is not satisfied with the alignment of the bone segment, the position and / or orientation of the first and / or second bone segments can be graphically adjusted until satisfactory by dragging the image segment to a new position and / or orientation. Some embodiments include push tools for changing the position and / or orientation of the bone segments (e.g., graphical buttons that translate inward by 1 mm, outward by 2 degrees around the midpoint of the second line, vertically by 1 mm for a "short" translation, etc.). In some embodiments, the push tool may first control the angular correction of the second bone segment around the concentric first and second restoration points. In other embodiments, the push tool may unlock the position of the rotation point (no longer limited to the concentric first and second restoration points) as needed to reposition one or both to different positions.

[0065] In many embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry can record the movement of image segments to determine the deformation parameters for each image processed as described above. For example, after placing the first and second restoration points, the deformation determination logic circuitry can record the translation component of the second restoration point in memory, possibly in a data structure such as a vector or table, to ensure that the second restoration point is concentric with the first restoration point. If the image is, for example, a LAT ray photograph with an established coordinate system in software, horizontal translation can represent LAT view translation, and vertical translation can represent axial translation. Vertical and horizontal references can assume that movement between the top and bottom of the ray photograph is vertical movement, and movement from side to side of the ray photograph is horizontal movement. Other labels, such as top and bottom, left and right, inside, short, etc., can also be used. Note that vertical and horizontal movements can be relative to the axis of a selected bone segment, for example, a bone segment selected to be fixed for the purpose of determining relative adjustments or movements of other bone segments.

[0066] Note that embodiments may use images captured from any angle or orientation, and the movement of bone segments may be defined relative to a coordinate system implemented by the deformation-determining logic circuitry system. Therefore, references to vertical or horizontal movement relative to a 2D or 3D image may not reflect the actual components of such movement determined and stored by the deformation-determining logic circuitry system unless properly oriented by the user. For example, vertical movement relative to a particular image may represent movement along the x-axis, y-axis, z-axis, or any combination thereof relative to a coordinate system implemented by the deformation-determining logic circuitry system. Thus, the deformation-determining logic circuitry system may record such movements as tuples or vectors, such as (x, y, z), where x, y, and z represent numbers indicating movement (in units such as millimeters or centimeters) along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, respectively. In some embodiments, zero movement may represent no movement, negative movement may represent movement in a first direction relative to an axis, and positive movement may represent movement in a second direction relative to an axis.

[0067] AP and LAT views are conventional for radiographic images of fractures, but embodiments are not limited to AP and LAT view images. Furthermore, images do not need to be at the same scale, as long as each image has a known scale. The deformation determination logic circuitry can translate or convert the scale to a selected or default scale implemented by the deformation determination logic circuitry system, and translate or convert the movement associated with the bone segment in the image to a coordinate system implemented by the deformation determination logic circuitry system.

[0068] Note that while some embodiments herein describe the movement of one or two bone segments as vertical or horizontal, embodiments may not be limited to this. For example, each movement of a bone segment may involve one or more distinct components of movement depending on the orientation of the image and the coordinate system established or selected for the deformation-determining logic circuitry system. Thus, leftward or rightward movement of a bone segment in an image may involve one or more components of movement along the x-axis, y-axis, and / or z-axis of the coordinate system established for the deformation-determining logic circuitry system. The same applies to upward and downward movement of bone segments.

[0069] In addition to recording translation, the deformation determination logic system can also record rotation of the second image around a concentric restoration point to bring the first and second lines together. Note that if a cutting line is implemented and the deformation determination logic system interacts with the user to determine the rotation of the second image rather than bringing the first and second lines together, the deformation determination logic system can record rotations graphically input by the user. For LAT radiographs, rotation can represent LAT view angles, and in many embodiments, rotation can be recorded in degrees.

[0070] In some embodiments, the software may record the pushing motion performed by the pushing tool. In such embodiments, the software may combine the movement of each deformation parameter to determine the set of deformation parameters. Another embodiment may compare the obtained positions of the first and second bone segments with their original positions to determine the deformation parameters. In such additional embodiments, the pushing tool may be a separate software package and may not be part of the deformation determination logic circuitry.

[0071] The software can calculate two-dimensional deformations from only two-dimensional images. When calculating 3D deformation parameters, the software may need to analyze and therefore process at least two scaled images or a single 3D image file of bone segments captured at different angular orientations with common points between the two images, such as CT scans, MRI scans, or other known 3D medical imaging modalities. For example, after determining LAT translation, LAT angle, and axial translation from LAT radiographs, the user must analyze AP radiographs with the software to complete the deformation analysis. Some embodiments require that the reconstruction points of the AP and LAT radiographs be located at the same 3D position in both images in order to correlate the deformation parameters measured from the two images.

[0072] Note that the software can record axial translations associated with both LAT and AP radiographs. Given that the reconstructed point can reflect graphical inputs on two different radiographs with different orientations, the axial translation determined from the LAT radiograph may not perfectly match the axial translation determined from the AP radiograph; therefore, this potential conflict may have to be resolved by the deformation determination logic circuitry. In some embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry can resolve the conflict through user interaction with the HCP device 4 and / or through additional information analyzed by the deformation determination logic circuitry or otherwise received by the deformation determination logic circuitry.

[0073] Note that the embodiments are not limited to the modified determination logic circuit system located in server computer 3. The modified determination logic circuit system may be located wholly or partially in HCP device 4. Furthermore, the modified determination logic circuit system may be partially located in multiple computer servers and data storage servers managed by a management device and operating as server computer 3. The modified determination logic circuit system may also, or alternatively, be partially located in multiple computers and / or storage devices, such as HCP device 4. Where the modified determination logic circuit system may be partially located in multiple computers, the modified determination logic circuit system may include a management logic circuit system that manages multiple local and / or remote resources.

[0074] The diagram shows HCP device 4 connected to network 5. The HCP device 4 shown is a desktop personal computer. In other embodiments, HCP device 4 can be any brand or type of electronic device capable of executing computer programs and receiving input from or outputting information to a user. For example, but not limited to, HCP device 4 can be a smartphone, tablet, or any type of electronic device capable of providing one or both of information input and output. Such devices can provide interfaces for data input, compliance monitoring, prescription modification, and communication with patients, other HCPs, or device or system manufacturers. HCP devices such as HCP device 4 can be connected to network 5 via any effective mechanism. For example, but not limited to, the connection can be made via wired and / or wireless connections through any number of routers and switches. Data can be transmitted via any effective data transmission protocol. HCP device 4 may include integrated or separate computer-readable media containing instructions that HCP device 4 needs to execute. For example, but not limited to, the computer-readable media can be any media integrated into HCP device 4, such as a hard disk drive, RAM, or non-volatile flash memory. Such computer-readable media can be integrated, non-transitory data storage media once loaded into HCP device 4 as defined herein. Similarly, computer-readable media can typically be separate from the HCP device 4, such as flash drives, external hard drives, CDs, or DVDs that can be read directly by the HCP device 4 or combined with components that can be connected to the HCP device 4.

[0075] Figure 1B-1F The images show LAT and AP images of the unbroken tibia 110 and the same tibia that is broken or cut into the first bone segment 112 and the second bone segment 114. Figure 1C-1F At least one of the deformation parameters is shown on both the LAT and AP images. Note that although the illustrations focus on the tibia and LAT and AP images, the embodiments can handle any other bone and any other perspective in a similar manner.

[0076] Figure 1B An embodiment of a LAT image of an unfractured tibia 110 is shown. Note that the AP image provides an original view of the tibia, and the LAT view provides a side view of the tibia.

[0077] Figure 1CAn embodiment of a tibia 110 fractured or severed into two segments, namely a first segment 112 and a second segment 114, is shown. As discussed herein, if the treatment involves fixing a segment, the first segment typically refers to the fixed segment. For example, some embodiments fix the first segment and determine all deformation parameters based on the movement of the second segment to align the second segment with the first segment. Other embodiments may move and / or rotate any one or both segments, and deformation parameters may be determined by recording the movement of any one or both segments and / or by comparing the final position of any one or both segments with their original position.

[0078] exist Figure 1C In this embodiment, the LAT translation can be determined based on the horizontal translation of the second bone segment 114 to align the second bone segment with the first bone segment 112 on the LAT image. Similarly, this embodiment can determine the AP translation based on the horizontal translation of the second bone segment 114 to align the second bone segment with the first bone segment 112 on the AP image. Other embodiments may determine the LAT or AP translation based on the horizontal translation of both the first bone segment and the second bone segment 114 to align bone segments 112, 114.

[0079] Figure 1D An embodiment of the tibia 110 fractured or severed into two segments, namely a first segment 112 and a second segment 114, is shown for the purpose of illustrating the two deformation parameters: the LAT angle and the AP angle. The LAT angle is the rotation of the second segment 114 required to align the first segment 112 with the second segment 114 on a LAT image. The AP angle is the rotation of the second segment 114 required to align the first segment 112 with the second segment 114 on an AP image. Figure 1D As shown, an alternative way to illustrate and / or determine the LAT or AP angle is by covering the first axis reference line with the axis of the first bone segment 112 and the second axis reference line with the axis of the second bone segment 114, and measuring the angle between the first axis reference line and the second axis reference line. The angle between the first axis reference line and the second axis reference line can be the LAT or AP angle or an angle suggested by the logic circuit system determined by deformation, depending on which view is measured.

[0080] Figure 1E An embodiment of a tibia 110 fractured or severed into two segments, namely a first segment 112 and a second segment 114, is shown for the purpose of illustrating the deformation parameter of axial translation. Many embodiments define axial translation as a vertical movement of either or both of the first segment 112 and the second segment 114 to bring the two segments together. An initial estimate of axial translation is based on vertical movement to make the first and second restoration points concentric. The initial estimate is based on... Figure 1AThe HCP device 4 uses graphical input from a user (e.g., an orthopedic surgeon). Many embodiments determine the final axial translation after providing the user with an opportunity to adjust, for example, the alignment of a pushing tool. For 2D deformation parameters, the final axial translation can be determined from a single image. For 3D deformation parameters, the final axial translation parameter can be determined after calculating the axial translation of two or more images, such as LAT and AP views of a bone segment. In other embodiments, before processing one or more images for deformation parameters, views can be selected to determine the axial translation, and the deformation determination logic circuitry can record only the movement related to the axial translation and calculate and / or determine the axial translation based on the selected view for determining the axial translation.

[0081] Figure 1F An embodiment of the tibia 110 fractured or severed into two segments, namely a first segment 112 and a second segment 114, is shown for the purpose of illustrating the deformation parameter of axial angle. Axial angle is the rotation of the second segment 114 about its vertical axis to align it with the first segment 112. In many embodiments, the axial angle is determined clinically.

[0082] Figure 2A -I illustrates an embodiment of modifying a postoperative image of the same radiograph or X-ray image during the process of determining the alignment of two misaligned tibial segments by adjusting radiographs. The image may be located on the HCP device 3, the server computer 4, or both. Furthermore, graphic manipulation of the image, such as adding overlays, can be generated by the deformation determination logic circuitry of the server computer 3 and / or the HCP device 4. In some embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry of the server computer 3 may instruct the deformation determination logic circuitry of the HCP device to perform graphic operations, and in other embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry of the server computer 3 may perform some or all of the graphic operations and transmit the modified image to the HCP device 4. In yet another embodiment, the deformation determination logic circuitry of the HCP device 4 may perform graphic manipulations independently of the server computer 3 and report movements such as translation and rotation to the server computer 3. For example, the deformation determination logic circuitry may be the HCP device 4 including an HCP client software package that may perform some of the processes or have tools to perform some or all of the image manipulations based on instructions from the deformation determination logic circuitry of the server computer 3.

[0083] In this paper, a logic circuit system refers to a combination of hardware and code that performs a function. For example, a logic circuit system may include circuitry such as processing circuitry for executing instructions in code, hard-coded logic, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), processors, state machines, microcontrollers, etc. A logic circuit system may also include memory circuitry for storing code and / or data, such as buffers, registers, random access memory modules, flash memory, etc.

[0084] The variant deterministic logic circuitry system may be entirely located in the HCP device 4, partially located in the server computer 3 and the HCP device 4, or entirely located in the server computer 3. For example, if the functionality is entirely in the server computer 3, the HCP device 4 may include a terminal with a display and one or more input devices, such as a keyboard and a mouse. Users can interact with the variant deterministic logic circuitry system in the server computer 3 via the display, keyboard, and mouse.

[0085] If the functionality is fully integrated into the HCP device 4, the server computer 3 can act as a storage device for images, such as codes for determining deformation parameters, and / or other data or codes. In some embodiments, the server computer 3 can determine user access rights to codes and, for example, patient records, and can establish access to data, and can transfer code packets from the storage medium (deformation determination logic circuitry system) to the HCP device 4 for execution to determine deformation parameters.

[0086] In other embodiments, for the purpose of processing the first image to determine bone segment deformation, the server computer 3 may provide authentication services or may have minimal interaction with the HCP device 4. For example, the server computer 3 may provide authentication services to verify whether a user has permission to access certain images, patient records, etc. In some embodiments, the server computer 3 may authenticate access to records, applications, and / or other resources stored locally and / or remotely on the HCP device 4 based on permissions associated with the user's credentials.

[0087] If the functional portion of the deformation-determining logic circuit system resides in server computer 3 and partly in HCP device 4, then the specific functional partitioning can be based on the topology of the computer network, which may be complex, for example, in a hospital. For instance, server computer 3 can allocate computing and data storage resources for a specific task that determines deformation parameters. In some embodiments, server computer 3 can transmit a local code package to execute on HCP device 4, which is located in the same place as the user, and execute another code package on a computing server. In some embodiments, images can be transmitted to HCP device 4 for processing. In other embodiments, images can be accessed and processed by server computer 3 and transmitted to HCP device 4 for display to the user. Various embodiments can provide different distributions of functions for determining deformation parameters between HCP device 4 and server computer 3.

[0088] Figure 2A An AP image of the right leg with external fixator is depicted. Both the tibia and fibula are fractured or osteotomized. This embodiment allows for the determination of tibial deformity parameters.

[0089] The deformation determination logic circuit system can request the user to graphically select the position of the first restoration point 210 on the first bone segment 201 via the HCP device 4. In response to the user's selection, such as... Figure 2A As shown, the image is modified to include a coverage circle representing a first restore point 210 at a location on a user-selected first bone segment 201. In another embodiment, the user can select a first interconnect point and a third interconnect point on the first bone segment 201, and the deformation determination logic circuitry can generate a circular coverage image at each interconnect point and calculate the first restore point 210 at the midpoint between the first and third interconnect points (or as any other point relative to one or both of the first and third interconnect points). The deformation determination logic circuitry can include a coverage circle representing the first restore point 210 at the midpoint between the first and third interconnect points on the first bone segment 201 (or as any other point relative to one or both of the first and third interconnect points). Note that while some embodiments require the restore points and / or interconnect points to be identified in a predefined order, some embodiments can receive such points in any order.

[0090] After selecting the first restoration point 210, the deformation determination logic circuit system can request the user to graphically select the second restoration point 220 on the second bone segment 202. The deformation determination logic circuit system can then generate, as shown in the figure below. Figure 2BThe diagram shows a covered image of the circle at the second restored point 220. In another embodiment, the user can select a second interconnect point and a fourth interconnect point on the second bone segment 202, and the deformation determination logic circuitry system can generate a covered image of the circle at each interconnect point, and calculate the second restored point 220 at the midpoint between the second and fourth interconnect points (or as any other point relative to one or both of the second and fourth interconnect points). The deformation determination logic circuitry system may include a covered circle representing the second restored point 220 at the midpoint between the second and fourth interconnect points on the second bone segment 202 (or as any other point relative to one or both of the second and fourth interconnect points).

[0091] Figure 2C The image shows a dot overlay at the third point 230 on the first bone segment 201. Furthermore, when the user selects the third point 230, the deformation determination logic circuitry can generate a first line 240 that interconnects the first restored point 210 and the third point 230, and overlay the image with the first line 240, as shown. Figure 2C As shown in the figure. In other embodiments, the modified determination logic circuit system may define the first line 240 or generate an object that is the first line 240 but is not shown in the image.

[0092] The user can graphically select the fourth point 250 on the second bone segment 202, and the deformation determination logic circuitry can create a second line 260 that interconnects the second restored point 220 and the fourth point 250, and overlay the image with the representation of the second line. Some embodiments can also overlay the image created by… Figure 2D The first line 240 and the second line 260 shown represent the indication Φ of the AP angle phi. In other embodiments, the modified determination logic circuitry may define the second line 260 or generate an object that is the second line 260 but is not shown in the image.

[0093] Once two restore points and two additional points are identified, this embodiment can generate a copy of the image, hiding the portion of the image below the first line 240 on the original image 200 to create a first portion 250 using the original image 200, and hiding the portion of the copied image above the second line 260 to produce a second portion 252. If the position of the first portion is fixed, the deformation determination logic circuit system can make such a result by moving the second restore point 220 to the first restore point 210. Figure 2EThe second restoration point 220 shown is juxtaposed with the first restoration point 210. One component of the movement of the second portion 252 is recorded as an AP translation, and a second component of the movement of the second portion is recorded as an axial translation. In another embodiment, the deformation determination logic circuitry system may define the first line 240 or the second line 260 as a cutting line and hide, separate, or otherwise remove portions of the image above the cutting line to generate a second portion 252 of the image having the second bone segment 202.

[0094] After the restoration points 210 and 220 are juxtaposed in the embodiments of the present invention, the second part 252 can be automatically rotated by the modified logic circuit system, or via, as in Figure 2F The graphic input shown is rotated manually by the user. The second portion 252 can rotate about concentric restoration points 210 and 220, and in many embodiments, the second portion 252 can rotate until the first line 240 and the second line 260 are collinear, such as... Figure 2F As shown in the image.

[0095] Some embodiments of the deformation-determining logic circuit system can generate, or allow the user to automatically generate, reference lines representing the axis of the first bone segment 201 and overlay them, such as... Figure 2G As shown in the illustration. Some of these embodiments may also automatically generate or allow users to generate and override reference lines representing the axis of the second bone segment 202, such as... Figure 2H As shown, some embodiments can also generate and cover an indication θ of the rotation theta between the axis passing through the first bone segment and the axis passing through the second bone segment, such as Figure 2H As shown in the image.

[0096] In the presence or absence of a reference line, an orthopedic surgeon can determine whether the first bone segment 201 and the second bone segment 202 are aligned. If the user determines that bone segments 201 and 202 are not properly aligned or can be improved, the user can change the alignment by, for example, using a push tool or any other method, through graphical input or keyboard input. Figure 2I The alignment shown allows for rotation of the second portion 252, translation of the second portion 252, modification of the position of the first restoration point 210 on the first bone segment 201, modification of the position of the second restoration point 220 on the second bone segment 202, and movement of the rotation point, etc. In some embodiments, the user can push the second bone segment 202 via the graphical button and / or key travel to translate inward by 1 mm or more (or a portion of one millimeter), to turn outward by 1 degree or more (or a portion of one degree) around the midpoint of the second line, or to make a "short" vertical translation by 1 mm or more (or a portion of one millimeter), etc.

[0097] Other embodiments may automatically rotate the second portion theta,θ based on the angular distance between the vertical axis passing through the first bone segment 201 and the vertical axis passing through the second bone segment 202, to provide the user with possible corrections. In some embodiments, the user may determine the change in alignment by, for example, pushing a tool, or by any other method such as graphical input or keyboard input, as... Figure 2I As shown, alignment is improved after accepting suggested changes automatically provided in this embodiment.

[0098] In some embodiments, all translations and rotations of the first portion 250 and the second portion 252 can be recorded and combined to determine deformation parameters. In other embodiments, the final version of the image can be analyzed against the original image to determine the deformation parameters.

[0099] Figure 3 A flowchart 3000 depicts an embodiment for identifying bone segment movement to align bone segments. Flowchart 3000 may determine a set of deformation parameters associated with two or more bone segments. Flowchart 3000 begins by identifying a first image to be displayed, the first image including a first bone segment and a second bone segment (element 3010). For example, a server computer, for example, Figure 1A The server computer 3 may include a deformation determination logic circuit system for transmitting or identifying scaled X-ray images or other scaled images of a patient, or for communicating with a computer (e.g., Figure 1A In the HCP device 4), the user interacts with the device to identify a scaled first image for processing. In other embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry of the HCP device can interact with the user to identify the scaled ray photograph to be processed to determine deformation parameters. The image can have any known scale or any scale that can be determined through analysis. Furthermore, the image can include a 2D image or a 3D image.

[0100] After recognizing the first image, the remote computer may display the first image to facilitate graphical and / or other input from a remote computer user. Thereafter, the user can identify a first restored point (element 3020) on a first bone segment in the first image and a second restored point on a second bone segment, the first and second restored points representing connection points between the first and second bone segments (element 3030). The user can identify the restored points using one or more alternative methods. For example, the user can move a pointer to a point on the first bone segment in the first image using a mouse, trackball, keyboard, or other input device, and, for example, click a mouse button when the user deems it an appropriate pivot point. In another embodiment, the user can identify the first restored point by recognizing two points on the first bone segment, such as the midpoint between the two points. Similarly, the user can identify the second restored point by recognizing two points on the second bone segment, such as the midpoint between the two points. In some embodiments, the two points on the first bone segment may represent interconnection points between bone segments, and the two points on the second bone segment may represent interconnection points between bone segments.

[0101] In addition to identifying the first and second restoration points, in some embodiments, the user can identify one or more additional points (element 3032), such as two points on the first bone segment and two points on the second bone segment. For example, some embodiments may include the option to add one or more additional points, and other embodiments may require one or more additional points. The user can identify a third and fifth point on the first bone segment and a fourth and sixth point on the second bone segment. The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth points should identify additional interconnection point pairs on bone segments that the user expects to connect when the bone segments are properly aligned. In several embodiments, the fifth and sixth points are needed to identify planes on the first and second bone segments when the first image is a 3D image. For example, the first, third, and fifth points can identify a first plane on the first bone segment, and the second, fourth, and sixth points can identify a second plane on the second bone segment, such as... Figure 1G As shown in the image.

[0102] In some embodiments, in response to a user's selection or identification of a third point, the variant-determining logic circuitry automatically draws a first line passing through the first and third points. After the user identifies or selects a fourth point, such embodiments may also automatically draw a second line passing through the second and fourth points. Similar to the identification of restore points, a user can graphically select the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth points on a first image via an input device such as a mouse and / or keyboard.

[0103] In other embodiments, the selection or identification of the third and fourth points may allow the deformation-determining logic system to create and cover points on the image rather than on lines. In some of these embodiments, the user may interact with the deformation-determining logic system to draw the first and second lines in addition to or instead of the third and fourth points.

[0104] In some embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry system can generate one or more suggested restoration points and additional points. For example, the deformation determination logic circuitry system can analyze a first image to automatically or interactively detect the edges of bone segments and randomly identify one or more points along the edges of the bone segments based on default or preferred criteria or based on information related to the selection of an ideal pivot point. The information related to the selection of the ideal pivot point can be obtained from the user or can be data provided to the deformation determination logic circuitry system from another source.

[0105] Once the third and fourth points (and in some embodiments, the fifth and sixth points or lines) are identified or selected, the deformation determination logic circuitry system can, in some embodiments, copy the first image, hide a portion of the original image on the second bone segment side of the first line or first plane (or optionally, the location of the first line or first plane can be drawn), and hide a portion of the copied image on the first bone segment side of the second line or second plane (or optionally, the location of the second line or second plane can be drawn) (element 3038). Through this process, the first image is divided into two parts, a first part including the first bone segment and a second part including the second bone segment, to allow partial movement without significant overlap to align the bone segments. In some embodiments, hiding the portion may involve moving that portion of the image or the copied image to a hidden layer of the image, and in other embodiments, removing the hidden portion of the copied image or covering the hidden portion of the image with a solid background, such as a black background on a layer below the image of the bone segment.

[0106] As an alternative to using first and second lines or planes to divide the first image into two parts, in some embodiments, the user can divide the first image into a first part having a first bone segment and a second part having a second bone segment in any other way (element 3036). For example, the user can interact with the deformation determination logic circuitry system to draw cutting lines or cutting planes between the two bone segments, and the deformation determination logic circuitry system can divide the image into two parts based on the cutting lines or cutting planes. For example, to avoid modifying the original first image, the deformation determination logic circuitry system can create a copy of the original image in memory or in a file in a storage device, and the deformation determination logic circuitry system can divide the image into two parts that can be moved independently.

[0107] In several embodiments, the variant-determining logic circuitry can create cutting lines and overlay cutting lines or planes (element 3039) on the first image to show the separation between the two parts. Depending on the embodiment, the HCP device 4 can divide the first image into two parts, the server computer 3 can divide the first image into two parts and transmit the two parts to the HCP device 4, or the server computer 3 can divide the first image into two parts and interact with the user through the HCP device 4 to facilitate the user moving the parts via graphical input.

[0108] After dividing the first image into a first part and a second part, the deformation determination logic circuit system can automatically or interactively move the first part and / or the second part of the first image to juxtapose the first restore point and the second restore point. The deformation determination logic circuit system can also transmit a modified first image to display a first bone segment connected to the second bone segment (element 3040) at the juxtaposed first restore point and second restore point. For example, the server computer 3 can transmit the modified first image to the HCP device 4, and / or the HCP device 4 can transmit the modified first image to a graphics accelerator card, graphics engine, and graphics processing unit (GPU) to display the modified first image on a monitor.

[0109] After juxtaposing the first and second restore points of the first and second portions of the first image, the deformation determination logic circuitry can interact with the user to optionally adjust the alignment of the first and second bone segments (element 3045). For example, if the first and second bone segments do not require rotation for alignment, juxtaposing the restore points can align the bone segments. On the other hand, if the bone segments require rotation for alignment, the deformation determination logic circuitry can interact with the user to rotate the second bone segment by rotating the second portion of the first image around the concentric restore points. The rotation may include an AP angle, a LAT angle, an axial angle, another angle, etc., depending on the view provided by the first image and the orientation of the bone segment.

[0110] In some embodiments, the deformation determination logic system can automatically rotate the second part or suggest to the user that the second part rotate around a concentric restoration point to make the first line and the second line collinear, or for a 3D image, to make the first plane and the second plane coplanar. If the user does not input the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth points, the deformation determination logic system can select one or more desired rotations and suggest or specify the desired rotations to the user. In another embodiment, the user can provide graphical input or other input to indicate the magnitude of the rotation of the second part around the concentric restoration point.

[0111] In other embodiments, a user can adjust one or more translations and / or rotations to align bone segments in a first and second portion of a modified first image. In another embodiment, a user can input desired deformation parameters to determine well-aligned bone segments. In yet another embodiment, the deformation determination logic circuitry can generate a modified image array that presents a graphical array of desired adjustments for user review, thereby facilitating the selection of one of the desired adjustments.

[0112] If the alignment is unsatisfactory, the user can adjust the position of the moving segment relative to the reference (fixed) segment by any means. Adjusting the position of the moving segment may include rotating or decoupling the restore point to allow translation. The rotation point can be placed anywhere along the cutting line (or cutting plane), or the cutting line (or cutting plane) can be repositioned to allow the rotation point to be completely free. In many embodiments, the initial rotation point can be a calculated or placed point other than one of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth restore points discussed above.

[0113] After the user confirms that the bone segments are properly aligned, the user can provide an indication of approval for the modified first image used to generate the deformation parameters, and the deformation determination logic circuitry can receive the indication (element 3060). For example, the user can select a save function via graphical input or keyboard input to approve the modified image. If the desired deformation parameters are three-dimensional and the first image is not a 3D image, then the deformation determination logic circuitry can determine that another image should be processed (element 3070), and can determine to repeat elements 3010 to 3070 (element 3080).

[0114] On the other hand, if the desired deformation parameters are two-dimensional, if two images have already been processed, or if the first image is a 3D image, the deformation determination logic circuitry can determine not to process the other image (element 3070). If more than one image of the same bone segment has been processed to determine the deformation parameters, the deformation determination logic circuitry can determine commonalities between the more than one image and optionally resolve conflicts (element 3090). Images such as the first image can be scaled by any means. Therefore, in order to determine and combine a set of deformation parameters from more than one image, the deformation determination logic circuitry requires a scaling and translation method. In some embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry can receive manual input / measurement and / or perform automatic scaling through identifiable objects of known size and shape. In other embodiments, the deformation determination logic circuitry can use commonalities between two images.

[0115] In some embodiments, when the first image is a 3D image or multiple 2D images, and has been processed by the deformation determination logic circuitry system, the deformation determination logic circuitry system may process additional 2D or 3D images to refine the measurements to determine deformation parameters or refine deformation parameters. For example, multiple sets of measurements or deformation parameters may be combined in one or more different ways to derive a final set of measurements or deformation parameters. For example, the deformation determination logic circuitry system may weight, average, determine individual measurements or deformation parameters or the average of a set of measurements or deformation parameters, etc. Furthermore, in some embodiments, when combining measurements or deformation parameters, the deformation determination logic circuitry system may discard or reduce the weights associated with outliers of individual measurements or deformation parameters or with the set of measurements or deformation parameters.

[0116] The deformation determination logic circuitry system can identify or calculate commonalities between scaled images from visible markers or hardware components in two images. These markers or hardware components may have a known (or measurable) size and shape relative to a known or specifyable location in the image that can be detected automatically or manually. Furthermore, the deformation determination logic circuitry system can identify or calculate commonalities between scaled images from user-placed software input (possibly, but not limited to, points graphically placed on easily identifiable anatomical landmarks common between the two images). The selection of common parameters between the two images is largely application-dependent. In some embodiments, this selection can be made as a user preference during or before analysis.

[0117] Conflicts can involve differences in one or more deformation parameters determined from different images. One potential conflict could be axial translation, which can be determined at many different angular orientations of the view of the bone segment image. To resolve such conflicts, the deformation determination logic system can interact with the user to determine which axial translation should be used, or the deformation determination logic system can select the axial translation based on other data, preferences, etc.

[0118] Once one or more images have been processed to determine deformation parameters, the deformation determination logic circuitry system can determine these parameters either by summing the recorded movements of one or two bone segments or by comparing the original position of the bone segments with the approved alignment position of the bone segments. For example, the deformation determination logic circuitry system can record each movement, including rotation and translation of each bone segment, so that analysis of the movements can provide deformation parameters. In an embodiment where one bone segment is considered fixed, the deformation determination logic circuitry system can record only the movement and rotation of the other bone segment.

[0119] Figure 4 An embodiment of system 4000 is shown, for example. Figure 1AThe patient device 2, server computer 3, and HCP device 4 are shown in the diagram. System 4000 is a computer system with multiple processor cores, such as a distributed computing system, supercomputer, high-performance computing system, computing cluster, host computer, microcomputer, client-server system, personal computer (PC), workstation, server, portable computer, laptop computer, tablet computer, handheld device such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), or other device for processing, displaying, or transmitting information. Similar embodiments may include, for example, entertainment devices, such as portable music players or portable video players, smartphones or other cellular phones, telephones, digital cameras, digital still cameras, external storage devices, etc. Other embodiments implement larger-scale server configurations. In other embodiments, system 4000 may have a single processor with one core or more than one processor. Note that the term "processor" refers to a processor with a single core or a package of processor cores.

[0120] like Figure 4 As shown, system 4000 includes a motherboard 4005 for mounting platform components. Motherboard 4005 is a point-to-point interconnect platform that includes a first processor 4010 and a second processor 4030 connected via point-to-point interconnect 4056 (e.g., hyperpath interconnect (UPI)). In other embodiments, system 4000 may be another bus architecture, such as a multi-drop bus. Furthermore, each of processors 4010 and 4030 may be a processor package having multiple processor cores, including processor cores 4020 and 4040, respectively. While system 4000 is an example of a two-socket (2S) platform, other embodiments may include more than two sockets or one socket. For example, some embodiments may include a four-socket (4S) platform or an eight-socket (8S) platform. Each socket is a mounting component for a processor and may have a socket identifier. Note that the term "platform" refers to the motherboard on which certain components, such as processor 4010 and chipset 4060, are mounted. Some platforms may include additional components, while others may only include slots for mounting the processor and / or chipset.

[0121] The first processor 4010 includes an integrated memory controller (IMC) 4014 and point-to-point (PP) interconnects 4018 and 4052. Similarly, the second processor 4030 includes an IMC 4034 and PP interconnects 4038 and 4054. IMCs 4014 and 4034 couple processors 4010 and 4030 to corresponding memories, namely memories 4012 and 4032, respectively. Memories 4012 and 4032 may be portions of the platform's main memory (e.g., dynamic random access memory (DRAM)), such as dual data rate type 3 (DDR3) or type 4 (DDR4) synchronous DRAM (SDRAM). In this embodiment, memories 4012 and 4032 are locally attached to the corresponding processors 4010 and 4030. In other embodiments, the main memory may be coupled to the processor via a bus and a shared memory hub.

[0122] Processors 4010 and 4030 include caches connected to each of processor cores 4020 and 4040, respectively. In this embodiment, processor core 4020 of processor 4010 includes a variant-defined logic circuit system 4026, for example, combined with... Figure 1A The deformation determination logic circuit system 4026 is discussed. The deformation determination logic circuit system 4026 may represent a circuit system configured to perform deformation determination functions for bone segments in one or more images within processor core 4020, or it may represent a combination of circuit systems and media within the processor to store all or part of the functionality of the deformation determination logic circuit system 4026 in memory such as cache, memory 4012, buffers, registers, etc. In several embodiments, the functionality of the deformation determination logic circuit system 4026 is located, in whole or in part, as code in memory, for example, as deformation determination logic circuit system 4096 attached to data storage unit 4088 of processor 4010 via chipset 4060, for example... Figure 1B The variant determining logic system 1125 is shown. The functionality of the variant determining logic system 4026 may also be entirely or partially located in memory, such as memory 4012 and / or the processor's cache. Furthermore, the functionality of the variant determining logic system 4026 may also be entirely or partially as a circuit system within the processor 4010, and may be performed, for example, within a register or buffer of register 4016 within the processor 4010, or within the instruction pipeline of the processor 4010.

[0123] In other embodiments, more than one of processors 4010 and 4030 may include the functionality of the modified logic circuitry 4026, such as processor 4030 and / or a processor within a deep learning accelerator 4067 coupled to chipset 4060 via interface (I / F) 4066. I / F 4066 may be, for example, peripheral component interconnect enhancement (PCI-e).

[0124] A first processor 4010 is coupled to chipset 4060 via PP interconnects 4052 and 4062, and a second processor 4030 is coupled to chipset 4060 via PP interconnects 4054 and 4064. Direct media interfaces (DMIs) 4057 and 4058 may be coupled to PP interconnects 4052 and 4062 and PP interconnects 4054 and 4064, respectively. The DMI may be a high-speed interconnect that facilitates, for example, eight gigabit-per-second (GT / s) data transfers, such as DMI 3.0. In other embodiments, processors 4010 and 4030 may be interconnected via a bus.

[0125] Chipset 4060 may include a controller hub, such as a platform controller hub (PCH). Chipset 4060 may include a system clock for performing clock functions and includes interfaces for input / output (I / O) buses, such as Universal Serial Bus (USB), Peripheral Device Interconnect (PCI), Serial Peripheral Device Interconnect (SPI), Integrated Interconnect (I2C), etc., to facilitate connectivity of peripheral devices on the platform. In other embodiments, chipset 4060 may include more than one controller hub, such as a chipset having a memory controller hub, a graphics controller hub, and an I / O controller hub.

[0126] In this embodiment, chipset 4060 is coupled to Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 4072, Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), BIOS, and Flash Component 4074 via interface (I / F) 4070. TPM 4072 is a dedicated microcontroller designed to protect hardware by integrating keys into the device. UEFI, BIOS, and Flash Component 4074 can provide pre-boot code.

[0127] Furthermore, chipset 4060 includes I / F 4066 to couple chipset 4060 to a high-performance graphics engine and graphics card 4065. In other embodiments, system 4000 may include a flexible display interface (FDI) between processors 4010 and 4030 and chipset 4060. The FDI interconnects the graphics processing unit core in the processor with chipset 4060.

[0128] Various I / O devices 4092 are coupled to bus 4081, bus bridge 4080 couples bus 4081 to a second bus 4091, and I / F 4068 connects bus 4081 to chipset 4060. In one embodiment, the second bus 4091 may be a low pin count (LPC) bus. Various devices may be coupled to the second bus 4091, including, for example, keyboard 4082, mouse 4084, communication device 4086, and data storage unit 4088 capable of storing, for example, code for a variant-determining logic circuit system 4096. Additionally, audio I / O 4090 may be coupled to the second bus 4091. Many of the I / O devices 4092, communication device 4086, and data storage unit 4088 may reside on motherboard 4005, while keyboard 4082 and mouse 4084 may be additional peripherals. In other embodiments, some or all of the I / O devices 4092, communication devices 4086, and data storage units 4088 are additional peripheral devices and are not located on the motherboard 4005.

[0129] Figure 5 An example of storage medium 5000 is shown, which is used to store code for, for example... Figure 4 The variant shown determines the processor execution of the logic circuit system 4096. Storage medium 5000 may include manufactured articles. In some instances, storage medium 5000 may include any non-transitory computer-readable or machine-readable medium, such as optical, magnetic, or semiconductor storage devices. Storage medium 5000 may store various types of computer-executable instructions, such as instructions for implementing the logic flow and / or techniques described herein. Examples of computer-readable or machine-readable storage media may include any tangible medium capable of storing electronic data, including volatile or non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writable or rewritable memory, etc. Examples of computer-executable instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, object-oriented code, visual code, etc. Examples are not limited in this context.

[0130] Figure 6 An example computing platform 6000, such as System 4000, is shown. In some instances, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the computing platform 6000 may include a processing unit 6010, other platform components, or a communication interface 6030. According to some examples, the computing platform 6000 may be implemented in a computing device, such as a server in a system, for example, a data center or server cluster that supports a manager or controller for managing configurable computing resources. Furthermore, the communication interface 6030 may include a wake-up radio (WUR) and be able to wake up the main radio of the computing platform 6000.

[0131] According to some examples, the processing unit 6010 may perform processing operations or logic for the device 6015 described herein, for example, in conjunction with Figure 1A and Figure 4 The variations of the discussion define the logic circuit system. Processing unit 6010 may include various hardware elements, software elements, or combinations of both. Examples of hardware elements may include devices, logic devices, components, processors, microprocessors, circuits, processor circuits, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.), integrated circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), memory cells, logic gates, registers, semiconductor devices, chips, microchips, chipsets, etc. Examples of software elements that may be located in storage medium 6020 may include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, device drivers, system programs, software development programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces, application programming interfaces (APIs), instruction sets, computational code, computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, symbols, or any combination thereof. The determination of whether to implement an instance using hardware and / or software components can vary based on any number of factors, such as desired computational speed, power level, thermal tolerance, processing cycle budget, input data rate, output data rate, memory resources, data bus speed, and other design or performance constraints as expected for a given instance.

[0132] In some instances, other platform components 6025 may include common computing elements such as one or more processors, multi-core processors, coprocessors, memory units, chipsets, controllers, peripherals, interfaces, oscillators, timing devices, video cards, audio cards, multimedia input / output (I / O) components (e.g., digital displays), power supplies, etc. Examples of memory cells may include, but are not limited to, various types of computer-readable and machine-readable storage media in the form of one or more high-speed memory cells, such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), dual data rate DRAM (DDRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, polymer memory such as ferroelectric polymer memory, austenite memory, phase change or ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, magnetic cards or optical cards, device arrays such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) drives, solid-state storage devices (e.g., USB memory), solid-state drives (SSDs), and any other type of storage medium suitable for storing information.

[0133] In some instances, the communication interface 6030 may include logic and / or features supporting the communication interface. For these instances, the communication interface 6030 may include one or more communication interfaces that operate according to various communication protocols or standards to communicate via direct or network communication links. Direct communication may be performed using communication protocols or standards described in one or more industry standards (including their successors and variants), such as those associated with the PCI Express specification. Network communication may be performed using communication protocols or standards, such as those described in one or more Ethernet standards published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). For example, one such Ethernet standard may include IEEE 802.3-2012, Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection (CSMA / CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specification (hereinafter referred to as "IEEE 802.3"), published in December 2012. Network communication may also be performed according to one or more OpenFlow specifications, such as the OpenFlow Hardware Abstraction API specification. Network communication may also be performed according to the Infiniband Architecture Specification, Volume 1, Version 1.3 ("Infiniband Architecture Specification"), published in March 2015.

[0134] The computing platform 6000 may be part of a computing device, which may be, for example, a server, server array or server cluster, web server, network server, internet server, workstation, microcomputer, mainframe computer, supercomputer, network device, web device, distributed computing system, multiprocessor system, processor-based system, or a combination thereof. Therefore, the functions and / or specific configurations of the computing platform 6000 described herein may be included or omitted in various embodiments of the computing platform 6000, as appropriate.

[0135] The components and features of the computing platform 6000 can be implemented using any combination of discrete circuit systems, ASICs, logic gates, and / or single-chip architectures. Furthermore, the features of the computing platform 6000 can be implemented using microcontrollers, programmable logic arrays, and / or microprocessors, or any combination thereof, where appropriate. It should be noted that hardware, firmware, and / or software elements may be collectively referred to herein or individually as “logic.”

[0136] It should be understood that Figure 6 The exemplary computing platform 6000 shown in the block diagram can represent a functionally descriptive example of many potential implementations. Therefore, the partitioning, omission, or inclusion of block functions depicted in the figures does not imply that hardware components, circuits, software, and / or elements used to implement these functions must be partitioned, omitted, or included in the embodiments.

[0137] One or more aspects of at least one instance can be implemented by representative instructions representing various logic within a processor, stored on at least one machine-readable medium, which, when read by a machine, computing device, or system, cause the machine, computing device, or system to manufacture logic to perform the techniques described herein. Such a representation, referred to as an "IP core," can be stored on a tangible machine-readable medium and supplied to various customers or manufacturing facilities for loading into manufacturing machines that actually produce the logic or processor.

[0138] Various instances can be implemented using hardware components, software components, or a combination of both. In some instances, hardware components may include devices, parts, processors, microprocessors, circuits, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.), integrated circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), memory cells, logic gates, registers, semiconductor devices, chips, microchips, chipsets, etc. In some instances, software components may include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, system programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces, application programming interfaces (APIs), instruction sets, computational code, computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, symbols, or any combination thereof. The determination of whether to use hardware components and / or software components to implement an instance can vary depending on any factors required for a given implementation, such as required computational speed, power level, thermal tolerance, processing cycle budget, input data rate, output data rate, memory resources, data bus speed, and other design or performance constraints.

[0139] Some examples may include manufactured articles or at least one computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium may include a non-transitory storage medium that stores logic. In some examples, a non-transitory storage medium may include one or more types of computer-readable storage media capable of storing electronic data, including volatile or non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writable or rewritable memory, etc. In some examples, logic may include various software elements, such as software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, system programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces, APIs, instruction sets, computational code, computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, symbols, or any combination thereof.

[0140] According to some examples, a computer-readable medium may include a non-transitory storage medium that stores or maintains instructions that, when executed by a machine, computing device, or system, cause the machine, computing device, or system to perform methods and / or operations according to the described examples. Instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, etc. Instructions may be implemented according to predefined computer languages, methods, or syntaxes to instruct a machine, computing device, or system to perform a function. Instructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled, and / or interpreted programming languages.

[0141] Examples may be described using the phrase "in one instance" or the expression "instance" and its derivatives. These terms mean that a particular feature, structure, or property described in connection with an instance is included in at least one instance. The phrase "in one instance" appearing in different places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same instance.

[0142] The terms “coupling” and “connection” and their derivatives can be used to describe some instances. These terms are not necessarily intended to be synonyms with each other. For example, descriptions using the terms “connection” and / or “coupling” can indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. However, the term “coupling” can also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but still cooperate or interact with each other.

[0143] Other example embodiments

[0144] The following are additional examples of the embodiments:

[0145] In one embodiment, Example 1 discloses a method for determining deformation parameters. The method includes: displaying a first image of a first bone segment and a second bone segment; identifying a first restoration point on the first bone segment and a second restoration point on the second bone segment, the first restoration point and the second restoration point representing connection points between the first bone segment and the second bone segment; displaying a modified first image juxtaposed with the first restoration point and the second restoration point, the modified first image displaying the first bone segment connected to the second bone segment at the juxtaposed first restoration point and second restoration point; and receiving an indication indicating approval of the modified first image used to determine the deformation parameters.

[0146] In Example 2, the method of Example 1 further includes: displaying a second image of the first bone segment and the second bone segment, the second image showing the first bone segment and the second bone segment from a different perspective than that of the first image; identifying a third restoration point on the first bone segment; identifying a fourth restoration point on the second bone segment, the third restoration point and the fourth restoration point representing a second connection point between the third bone segment and the fourth bone segment; displaying a modified second image, the modified second image juxtaposing the third restoration point and the fourth restoration point, the modified second image showing a first bone segment connected to the second bone segment at the juxtaposed third restoration point and the fourth restoration point; and receiving an indication indicating approval of the modified second image used to determine the deformation parameters.

[0147] In Example 3, the method of Example 2 further includes resolving conflicts between the deformation parameters common to the modified first image and the modified second image.

[0148] In Example 4, the method of Example 3 is used, wherein the deformation parameters common to the modified first image and the modified second image include axial translation.

[0149] In Example 5, the method of Example 1 further includes: identifying a third point on the first bone segment; identifying a fourth point on the second bone segment, wherein the third point and the fourth point represent a second interconnection point between the first bone segment and the second bone segment on the first image; and determining a cutting line between the first bone segment and the second bone segment based on the line between the second restored point and the fourth point.

[0150] In Example 6, the method of Example 5 is used, wherein the modified first image is displayed as a first line between the first restoration point and the third point on the first bone segment.

[0151] In Example 7, the method of Example 6 is used, wherein the modified first image is displayed as a second line between the second restoration point and the fourth point on the second bone segment.

[0152] In Example 8, the method of Example 1, wherein identifying a first restoration point on the first bone segment and a second restoration point on the second bone segment includes identifying two points on the first bone segment, calculating the midpoint between the two points on the first bone segment, identifying two points on the second bone segment, and calculating the midpoint between the two points on the second bone segment, wherein the midpoint between the two points on the first bone segment is the first restoration point, and the midpoint between the two points on the second bone segment is the second restoration point.

[0153] In Example 9, the method of Example 1 is used, wherein the first bone segment and the second bone segment comprise two segments of the fractured bone.

[0154] In Example 10, the method of Example 9 further includes identifying cutting lines to separate the first image into a first portion including the first bone segment and a second portion including the second bone segment.

[0155] In Example 11, the method of Example 10 further includes adjusting the position of the second portion of the first image to juxtapose the first restore point and the second restore point to generate the first modified image.

[0156] In Example 12, the method of Example 1 further includes adjusting the position of a copy of the first image to adjust the alignment of the bone segments to produce a modified first image.

[0157] In one embodiment, Example 13 discloses an apparatus for determining deformation parameters. The apparatus includes: means for displaying a first image of a first bone segment and a second bone segment; means for identifying a first restored point on the first bone segment and a second restored point on the second bone segment, the first restored point and the second restored point representing connection points between the first bone segment and the second bone segment; means for displaying a modified first image juxtaposed with the first restored point and the second restored point, the modified first image showing the first bone segment connected to the second bone segment at the juxtaposed first restored point and second restored point; and means for receiving an instruction indicating approval of the modified first image used to determine the deformation parameters.

[0158] In Example 14, the device of Example 13 further includes: means for displaying a second image of a first bone segment and a second bone segment, the second image showing the first bone segment and the second bone segment from a different perspective than that of the first image; means for identifying a third restoration point on the first bone segment; means for identifying a fourth restoration point on the second bone segment, the third restoration point and the fourth restoration point representing a second connection point between the third bone segment and the fourth bone segment; means for displaying a modified second image, the modified second image juxtaposing the third restoration point and the fourth restoration point, the modified second image showing the first bone segment connected to the second bone segment at the juxtaposed third restoration point and the fourth restoration point; and means for receiving an instruction indicating approval of the modified second image used to determine the deformation parameters.

[0159] In Example 15, the device of Example 14 also includes means for resolving conflicts between deformation parameters common to the modified first image and the modified second image.

[0160] In Example 16, the device of Example 15, wherein the deformation parameter common to the modified first image and the modified second image includes axial translation.

[0161] In Example 17, the device of Example 13 further includes: means for identifying a third reconstruction point on the first bone segment; means for identifying a fourth reconstruction point on the second bone segment, the third point and the fourth point representing a second interconnection point between the first bone segment and the second bone segment on the first image; and means for determining a cutting line between the first bone segment and the second bone segment based on a line between the second reconstruction point and the fourth point.

[0162] In Example 18, the device of Example 17, the modified first image is displayed on a first line between a first restoration point and a third point on the first bone segment.

[0163] In Example 19, the device of Example 18, the modified first image is displayed on the second line between the second restoration point and the fourth point on the second bone segment.

[0164] In Example 20, the device of Example 13, wherein the means for identifying a first restoration point on the first bone segment and a second restoration point on the second bone segment includes means for identifying two points on the first bone segment, means for calculating the midpoint between the two points on the first bone segment, means for identifying two points on the second bone segment, and means for calculating the midpoint between the two points on the second bone segment, wherein the midpoint between the two points on the first bone segment is the first restoration point, and the midpoint between the two points on the second bone segment is the second restoration point.

[0165] In Example 21, the device of Example 13, wherein the first bone segment and the second bone segment comprise two segments of fractured bone.

[0166] In Example 22, the device of Example 21 further includes means for identifying cutting lines to separate the first image into a first portion including the first bone segment and a second portion including the second bone segment.

[0167] In Example 23, the device of Example 22 further includes means for adjusting the position of a second portion of the first image to juxtapose the first restore point and the second restore point to generate a first modified image.

[0168] In Example 24, the device of Example 13 also includes means for adjusting the position of a copy of the first image to adjust the alignment of the bone segments to produce a modified first image.

[0169] In one embodiment, Example 25 discloses a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium includes a plurality of instructions, which, when executed by a processing circuitry system, enable the processing circuitry system to: display a first image of a first bone segment and a second bone segment; identify a first restoration point on the first bone segment and a second restoration point on the second bone segment, the first restoration point and the second restoration point representing connection points between the first bone segment and the second bone segment; display a modified first image juxtaposed with the first restoration point and the second restoration point, the modified first image showing the first bone segment connected to the second bone segment at the juxtaposed first restoration point and second restoration point; and receive an instruction indicating approval of the modified first image used to determine deformation parameters.

[0170] In Example 26, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 25 further enables the processing circuitry system to: display a second image of the first bone segment and the second bone segment, the second image showing the first bone segment and the second bone segment from a different perspective than the first image; identify a third restoration point on the first bone segment; identify a fourth restoration point on the second bone segment, the third restoration point and the fourth restoration point representing a second connection point between the third bone segment and the fourth bone segment; display a modified second image juxtaposed with the third restoration point and the fourth restoration point, the modified second image showing a first bone segment connected to the second bone segment at the juxtaposed third restoration point and the fourth restoration point; and receive an instruction indicating approval of the modified second image used to determine the deformation parameters.

[0171] In Example 27, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 26 further enables the processing circuitry system to resolve conflicts between common deformation parameters of the modified first image and the modified second image.

[0172] In Example 28, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 27, wherein the deformation parameter common to the modified first image and the modified second image includes axial translation.

[0173] In Example 29, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 25 further enables the processing circuitry system to: identify a third point on the first bone segment; identify a fourth point on the second bone segment, the third and fourth points representing a second interconnection point between the first and second bone segments in the first image; and determine a cutting line between the first and second bone segments based on a line between the second restored point and the fourth point.

[0174] In Example 30, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 29 shows the modified first image displayed on the first bone segment along a first line between a first restoration point and a third point.

[0175] In Example 31, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 30 shows the modified first image as a second line between the second restoration point and the fourth point on the second bone segment.

[0176] In Example 32, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 25, wherein identifying a first restored point on the first bone segment and a second restored point on the second bone segment includes identifying two points on the first bone segment, calculating the midpoint between the two points on the first bone segment, identifying two points on the second bone segment, and calculating the midpoint between the two points on the second bone segment, wherein the midpoint between the two points on the first bone segment is the first restored point, and the midpoint between the two points on the second bone segment is the second restored point.

[0177] In Example 33, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 25, wherein the first bone segment and the second bone segment comprise two segments of the fractured bone.

[0178] In Example 34, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 33 further enables the processing circuitry system to recognize cutting lines to separate the first image into a first portion including the first bone segment and a second portion including the second bone segment.

[0179] In Example 35, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 34 further enables the processing circuitry system to adjust the position of a second portion of the first image to juxtapose the first restore point and the second restore point to generate a first modified image.

[0180] In Example 36, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 25 further enables the processing circuitry system to adjust the position of a copy of the first image, thereby adjusting the alignment of the bone segments to produce a modified first image.

[0181] In one embodiment, Example 37 discloses an apparatus for determining deformation parameters. The apparatus includes: a memory and a logic circuit system coupled to the memory such that the logic circuit system is capable of: displaying a first image of a first bone segment and a second bone segment; identifying a first restored point on the first bone segment and a second restored point on the second bone segment, the first restored point and the second restored point representing connection points between the first bone segment and the second bone segment; displaying a modified first image juxtaposed with the first restored point and the second restored point, the modified first image showing the first bone segment connected to the second bone segment at the juxtaposed first restored point and second restored point; and receiving an indication indicating approval of the modified first image used to determine the deformation parameters.

[0182] In Example 38, the device of Example 37 further enables the logic circuit system to: display a second image of the first bone segment and the second bone segment, the second image showing the first bone segment and the second bone segment from a different perspective than the first image; identify a third restoration point on the first bone segment; identify a fourth restoration point on the second bone segment, the third restoration point and the fourth restoration point representing a second connection point between the third bone segment and the fourth bone segment; display a modified second image juxtaposed with the third restoration point and the fourth restoration point, the modified second image showing a first bone segment connected to the second bone segment at the juxtaposed third restoration point and the fourth restoration point; and receive an indication indicating approval of the modified second image used to determine the deformation parameters.

[0183] In Example 39, the device of Example 38 further enables the logic circuit system to resolve conflicts between the deformation parameters common to the modified first image and the modified second image.

[0184] In Example 40, the device of Example 39, wherein the deformation parameter common to the modified first image and the modified second image includes axial translation.

[0185] In Example 41, the device of Example 37 further enables the logic circuit system to: identify a third point on the first bone segment; identify a fourth point on the second bone segment, the third and fourth points representing a second interconnection point between the first and second bone segments on the first image; and determine a cutting line between the first and second bone segments based on a line between the second restored point and the fourth point.

[0186] In Example 42, the device of Example 41, the modified first image is displayed on a first line between a first restoration point and a third point on the first bone segment.

[0187] In Example 43, the device of Example 42, the modified first image is displayed on the second line between the second restoration point and the fourth point on the second bone segment.

[0188] In Example 44, the device of Example 37, wherein identifying a first restored point on the first bone segment and a second restored point on the second bone segment includes identifying two points on the first bone segment, calculating the midpoint between the two points on the first bone segment, identifying two points on the second bone segment, and calculating the midpoint between the two points on the second bone segment, wherein the midpoint between the two points on the first bone segment is the first restored point, and the midpoint between the two points on the second bone segment is the second restored point.

[0189] In Example 45, the device of Example 37, wherein the first bone segment and the second bone segment comprise two segments of fractured bone.

[0190] In Example 46, the device of Example 45 further enables the logic circuit system to recognize cutting lines to separate the first image into a first portion including the first bone segment and a second portion including the second bone segment.

[0191] In Example 47, the device of Example 46 further enables the logic circuit system to adjust the position of a second portion of the first image to juxtapose the first restore point and the second restore point to generate a first modified image.

[0192] In Example 48, the device of Example 37 further enables the logic circuitry system to adjust the position of a copy of the first image, thereby adjusting the alignment of the bone segments to produce a modified first image.

[0193] In Example 49, the device of Example 37 further enables the logic circuit system to modify an image segment of the first image relative to the restore point, wherein the image segment includes a first image segment having the first bone segment and the first restore point and a second image segment having the second bone segment and the second restore point, wherein the modification of the image segment causes the first restore point and the second restore point to translate relative to each other.

[0194] In Example 50, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 25 further enables the processing circuitry system to modify an image segment of the first image relative to the restore point, wherein the image segment includes a first image segment having the first bone segment and the first restore point and a second image segment having the second bone segment and the second restore point, wherein the modification of the image segment causes the first restore point and the second restore point to translate relative to each other.

[0195] In Example 51, the method of Example 1 further includes modifying an image segment of the first image relative to the restored point, wherein the image segment includes a first image segment having the first bone segment and the first restored point and a second image segment having the second bone segment and the second restored point, wherein the modification of the image segment causes the first restored point and the second restored point to be translated relative to each other.

[0196] In Example 52, the method of Example 5, wherein the first bone segment and the second bone segment comprise two segments of fractured or truncated bone, wherein the coordinate system of the first image is established by the bone axis overlaid on the first image and the image orientation requirements of the first image.

[0197] In Example 53, the method of Example 1, wherein the first bone segment and the second bone segment comprise two segments of fractured or truncated bone, wherein the coordinate system of the first image is established by the bone axis overlaid on the first image and the image orientation requirements of the first image.

[0198] In Example 54, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 25, wherein the first bone segment and the second bone segment comprise two segments of fractured or truncated bone, wherein the coordinate system of the first image is established by the bone axis overlaid on the first image and the image orientation requirements of the first image.

[0199] In Example 55, the device of Example 37 further enables the logic circuitry system to create a segmented image from the first image, the segmented image comprising a first segmented image having the first bone segment and a second segmented image having the second bone segment, wherein the segmented images can be aligned to juxtapose the first restore point and the second restore point, and one or both of the first segmented image and the second segmented image are angled so that the dividing lines are collinear, wherein the dividing lines are defined between the restore point and the additional point, or the dividing lines are drawn directly on the image by input from the user, one dividing line for each bone segment.

[0200] In Example 56, the method of Example 1 further includes creating a segmented image from the first image, the segmented image comprising a first segmented image having the first bone segment and a second segmented image having the second bone segment, wherein the segmented images may be aligned to juxtapose the first restore point and the second restore point, and one or both of the first segmented image and the second segmented image are angled such that the dividing lines are collinear, wherein the dividing lines are defined between the restore point and the additional point, or the dividing lines are drawn directly on the image by input from the user, one dividing line for each bone segment.

[0201] In Example 57, the computer-readable storage medium of Example 25 further enables the processing circuitry system to: create a segmented image from the first image, the segmented image comprising a first segmented image having the first bone segment and a second segmented image having the second bone segment, wherein the segmented images can be aligned to juxtapose the first restore point and the second restore point, and one or both of the first segmented image and the second segmented image are angled such that the dividing lines are collinear, wherein the dividing lines are defined between the restore point and the additional point, or the dividing lines are drawn directly on the image by input from a user, one dividing line for each bone segment.

[0202] Furthermore, in the foregoing specific embodiments, it can be seen that multiple features are grouped together in a single instance for the purpose of clarifying the present disclosure. This approach of the present disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting that the claimed instance requires more features than those expressly defined in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the following claims, the subject matter of the invention does not lie in all features of a single disclosed instance. Therefore, the following claims are thus incorporated into the specific embodiments, wherein each claim is an independent instance of each other. In the appended claims, the terms “including” and “inwhich” are used as plain English equivalents of the corresponding terms “comprising” and “wherein”, respectively. In addition, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., are used only as labels and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

[0203] Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological actions, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are disclosed as exemplary forms for implementing the claims.

[0204] A data processing system suitable for storing and / or executing program code will include at least one processor directly or indirectly coupled to memory elements via a system bus. Memory elements may include local memory, bulk storage devices, and cache memory used during the actual execution of the program code, providing temporary storage for at least some of the program code to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage devices during execution. The term "code" encompasses a broad range of software components and structures, including applications, drivers, procedures, routines, methods, modules, firmware, microcode, and subroutines. Therefore, the term "code" can be used to refer to any set of instructions that, when executed by a processing system, performs one or more desired operations.

[0205] The logic circuit systems, devices, and interfaces described herein can perform functions implemented in hardware and also implemented using code that executes on one or more processors. A logic circuit system refers to hardware or hardware and code that implements one or more logical functions. A circuit system is hardware and can refer to one or more circuits. Each circuit can perform a specific function. The circuitry of a circuit system may include discrete electrical components interconnected with one or more conductors, integrated circuits, chip packages, chipsets, memories, etc. Integrated circuits include circuitry formed on a substrate such as a silicon wafer and may include components. Furthermore, integrated circuits, processor packages, chip packages, and chipsets may include one or more processors.

[0206] A processor can receive signals, such as instructions and / or data, at inputs and process these signals to generate at least one output. During code execution, the code alters the physical states and characteristics of the transistors that make up the processor's pipeline. The physical states of the transistors are translated into logical bits of zero and one stored in registers within the processor. The processor can transfer the physical states of transistors into registers and transfer them to another storage medium.

[0207] A processor may include circuitry for performing one or more sub-functions implemented to perform the overall functions of the processor. An example of a processor is a state machine or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that includes at least one input and at least one output. The state machine can manipulate the at least one input to generate the at least one output by performing a predetermined series of serial and / or parallel manipulations or transformations on the at least one input.

[0208] While this disclosure sets forth certain embodiments, many modifications, alterations, and variations of the described embodiments are possible without departing from the field and scope of this disclosure as defined in the appended claims. Therefore, it is intended that this disclosure be limited to the described embodiments but have the full scope defined by the language of the following claims and their equivalents. The discussion of any embodiment is illustrative only and is not intended to imply that the scope of this disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these embodiments. In other words, while illustrative embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail herein, it should be understood that the inventive concept can be practiced and used in other ways, and the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including such variations unless limited by prior art.

[0209] The foregoing discussion has been presented for purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to limit this disclosure to one or more of the forms disclosed herein. For example, for the purpose of simplifying this disclosure, various features of this disclosure have been grouped together in one or more embodiments or configurations. However, it should be understood that various features of certain embodiments or configurations of this disclosure may be combined in alternative embodiments or configurations. Furthermore, the following claims are hereby incorporated by reference into this detailed description, wherein each claim is an independent embodiment of this disclosure.

[0210] As used herein, an element or step described in the singular and preceded by the word "a / an" should be understood to not exclude a plurality of elements or steps unless such exclusion is explicitly stated. Furthermore, references to "one embodiment" in this disclosure are not intended to be construed as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also include the described features.

[0211] As used herein, the phrases “at least one,” “one or more,” and “and / or” are open-ended expressions for combining and separating in operation. The terms “a” (or “one type”), “one or more,” and “at least one” are used interchangeably herein. All directional references (e.g., near, far, upper, lower, upward, downward, left, right, lateral, longitudinal, front, back, top, bottom, upper, lower, vertical, horizontal, radial, axial, clockwise, and counterclockwise directions) are used only for identification purposes to aid the reader’s understanding of this disclosure and do not impose limitations, particularly regarding the location, orientation, or use of this disclosure. Unless otherwise stated, connection references (e.g., meshing, attachment, coupling, joining, and engagement) should be interpreted broadly and may include intermediate members between sets of elements as well as intermediate members that move relative to the elements. Thus, connection references do not necessarily infer that two elements are directly connected and have a fixed relationship with each other. All rotational references describe relative movement between various elements. Identification references (e.g., first, second, first, second, third, fourth, etc.) are not intended to imply importance or priority but are used to distinguish one feature from another. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only, and the dimensions, positions, order, and relative sizes reflected in the accompanying drawings may vary.

Claims

1. A device for determining deformation parameters, comprising: A device for displaying a first image of a first bone segment and a second bone segment; A device for identifying a first restoration point on the first bone segment and a second restoration point on the second bone segment, wherein the first restoration point and the second restoration point represent the connection point between the first bone segment and the second bone segment; A device for displaying a modified first image, wherein the modified first image juxtaposes the first restore point and the second restore point, and the modified first image displays the first bone segment connected to the second bone segment at the juxtaposed first restore point and second restore point; A means for receiving an instruction indicating approval of the first image used to determine deformation parameters; A means for displaying a second image of the first bone segment and the second bone segment, the second image showing the first bone segment and the second bone segment from a different perspective than that of the first image; A device for identifying the third restoration point on the first bone segment; A device for identifying a fourth restoration point on the second bone segment, wherein the third restoration point and the fourth restoration point represent a second connection point between the first bone segment and the second bone segment; A device for displaying a modified second image, wherein the modified second image juxtaposes the third restore point and the fourth restore point, and wherein the modified second image displays the first bone segment connected to the second bone segment at the juxtaposed third restore point and fourth restore point; A means for receiving an instruction indicating approval of the modified second image used to determine the deformation parameters; as well as A means for resolving conflicts between common deformation parameters of the modified first image and the modified second image.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the deformation parameter common to the modified first image and the modified second image includes axial translation.

3. The device according to claim 1, further comprising: A device for determining the cutting line between the first bone segment and the second bone segment based on the line between the second restoration point and the fourth restoration point; as well as An apparatus for creating a segmented image from a first image, the segmented image comprising a first segmented image having the first bone segment and a second segmented image having the second bone segment, wherein the segmented images can be aligned to juxtapose the first restore point and the second restore point, and one or both of the first segmented image and the second segmented image are angled such that the dividing lines are collinear, wherein the dividing lines are defined between the restore point and the additional point, or the dividing lines are drawn directly on the image by input from a user, one dividing line for each bone segment.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the means for identifying a first restoration point on the first bone segment and a second restoration point on the second bone segment comprises means for identifying two points on the first bone segment, means for calculating a first relative point relative to one or both of the two points on the first bone segment, means for identifying two points on the second bone segment, and means for calculating a second relative point relative to one or both of the two points on the second bone segment, wherein the first relative point on the first bone segment is the first restoration point, and the second relative point on the second bone segment is the second restoration point.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the first bone segment and the second bone segment comprise two segments of fractured or truncated bone, wherein the coordinate system of the first image is established by the bone axis overlaid on the first image and the image orientation requirements of the first image.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising means for identifying cutting lines to separate the first image into a first portion including the first bone segment and a second portion including the second bone segment.

7. A computer-readable storage medium comprising a plurality of instructions, which, when executed by a processing circuit system, enable the processing circuit system to: The first image shows the first and second bone segments; Identify a first restoration point on the first bone segment and a second restoration point on the second bone segment, wherein the first restoration point and the second restoration point represent the connection point between the first bone segment and the second bone segment; The modified first image is displayed, wherein the modified first image juxtaposes the first restore point and the second restore point, and the modified first image displays the first bone segment connected to the second bone segment at the juxtaposed first restore point and the second restore point; Receive an instruction indicating approval of the modified first image used to determine deformation parameters; A second image showing the first bone segment and the second bone segment is displayed, the second image showing the first bone segment and the second bone segment from a different perspective than the first image; Identify the third restoration point on the first bone segment; Identify a fourth restoration point on the second bone segment, wherein the third restoration point and the fourth restoration point represent a second connection point between the first bone segment and the second bone segment; The modified second image is displayed, which juxtaposes the third and fourth restoration points, and the modified second image shows the first bone segment connected to the second bone segment at the juxtaposed third and fourth restoration points; Receive an instruction indicating approval of the modified second image used to determine the deformation parameters; as well as Resolve the conflict between the common deformation parameters of the modified first image and the modified second image.

8. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, further comprising enabling the processing circuitry to modify an image segment of the first image relative to the restored point, wherein the image segment includes a first image segment having the first bone segment and the first restored point and a second image segment having the second bone segment and the second restored point, wherein the modification of the image segment causes the first restored point and the second restored point to translate relative to each other.

9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the processing circuitry is further enabled to: The cutting line between the first bone segment and the second bone segment is determined based on the line between the second restoration point and the fourth restoration point.

10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein identifying a first restoration point on the first bone segment and a second restoration point on the second bone segment comprises identifying two points on the first bone segment, calculating a midpoint between the two points on the first bone segment, identifying two points on the second bone segment, and calculating a midpoint between the two points on the second bone segment, wherein the midpoint between the two points on the first bone segment is the first restoration point, and the midpoint between the two points on the second bone segment is the second restoration point.

11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the first bone segment and the second bone segment comprise two segments of fractured or truncated bone.

Images