Method and system for quantitatively accounting ecological impact generated by open-pit coal mining

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of ecological impact quantitative accounting method and system for open coal mining, wherein, the method comprises: determining the land ecosystem damage according to the mining plan of open coal mine plant;Land ecosystem damage quantification model is obtained according to land ecosystem damage;Greenhouse gas emissions are determined according to the energy consumption of open coal mine plant in mining plan;According to greenhouse gas emissions and land ecosystem damage quantification model, the environmental impact of mine exploitation on ecosystem quantification model is obtained;The mining plan of open coal mine plant is optimized using environmental impact quantification model to obtain the mining plan with the least impact on ecosystem.The present application considers not only the influence of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, but also the damage degree of open coal mine plant to land ecosystem based on the production process characteristics of open coal mine, and optimizes the mining plan of open coal mine plant based on this, which can greatly reduce the impact of open coal mine plant on the environment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of coal mine plant management, in particular to a method and system for quantitatively accounting ecological impact caused by open-pit coal mining. BACKGROUND

[0002] Open-pit coal mining will cause great damage to the surrounding environment. The damage of open-pit coal mining to the ecological environment mainly reflects in two aspects: one is the damage to the land and its bearing ecological system (referred to as "land ecological system"), which makes it lose or reduce the function of providing various ecological services; the other is the emission of waste gas mainly containing CO2, which causes greenhouse effect and air pollution. These damages are collectively referred to as "environmental impact".

[0003] At present, when people assess the damage of open-pit coal mining to the ecological environment, they only consider the greenhouse effect caused by CO2 emission. Therefore, in the process of managing the open-pit coal mine plant, only the reduction of CO2 emission is taken as the goal to optimize the production process of the open-pit coal mine, but it is difficult to comprehensively evaluate the pollution degree of the coal mine to the environment, and the optimization effect is not good. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method and system for quantitatively accounting ecological impact caused by open-pit coal mining.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following scheme: a method for quantitatively accounting ecological impact caused by open-pit coal mining, comprising:

[0006] determining the land ecological system damage amount according to the mining plan of the open-pit coal mine plant; wherein the land ecological system damage amount comprises: total area of land damaged by stope excavation, total area of land damaged by waste dump, land damage area of gangue pile, land damage area of surface production facility and land damage area of surface soil stockpile;

[0007] obtaining a land ecological system damage quantification model according to the land ecological system damage amount;

[0008] determining the greenhouse gas emission amount according to the energy consumption of the open-pit coal mine plant in the mining plan;

[0009] obtaining a mine exploitation environmental impact quantification model of the ecological system according to the greenhouse gas emission amount and the land ecological system damage quantification model;

[0010] optimizing the mining plan of the open-pit coal mine plant by using the environmental impact quantification model to obtain a mining plan with the least impact on the ecological system.

[0011] Preferably, the total area of land damaged by stope excavation is calculated by the following formula:

[0012]

[0013] wherein, A c,t total area of land damaged by the stope at the end of the tth year, n is the total number of vertices on the polygon of the surface perimeter of the stope at the end of the tth year; x i is the east-west coordinate of the ith vertex on the horizontal plane, y i is the south-north coordinate of the ith vertex on the horizontal plane.

[0014] Preferably, the formula for calculating the total area of land damaged by the dump is:

[0015]

[0016] wherein, A p,t is the total area of land damaged by the dump at the tth year, V p,0 is the initial construction capacity of the dump, H p is the average height of the dump, f(V p0 , a p ) is the first shape coefficient function of the dump, taking a value between 1 and 3, a p is the slope angle of the dump, A p is the total area of land occupied by the dump, V p is the capacity requirement of the dump, s y is the fragmentation and swelling coefficient of rock in the dump, s4 is the fragmentation and swelling coefficient of Quaternary strata in the dump, v y,i is the volume of rock stripped by the dump in the ith year, v 4,i is the volume of Quaternary strata stripped by the dump in the ith year, f(V p0 , a p ) is the second shape coefficient function of the dump, taking a value between 1 and 3, and L is the service life of the open-pit coal mine.

[0017] Preferably, the calculation process of the land damage area of the gangue pile is:

[0018] The gangue production is determined according to the raw coal production; wherein, the formula for calculating the gangue production is:

[0019]

[0020] wherein, V g,t is the cumulative gangue production at the end of the tth year, r g is the gangue production rate, q m,i is the raw coal production in the ith year in the mining plan, g g is the bulk density of the gangue;

[0021] The land damage area of the gangue pile is obtained according to the gangue production.

[0022] Preferably, the land damage area of the gangue pile generated according to the gangue production amount comprises:

[0023] The formula is:

[0024]

[0025] The land damage area of the gangue pile is obtained; wherein A g,t is the land damage area of the gangue pile at the end of the tth year, A g is the area of the gangue pile, V g is the cumulative gangue production amount at the end of the tth year, H g is the average height of the gangue pile, f(V g , α g ) is a form factor function of the gangue pile, α g is the slope angle of the gangue pile.

[0026] Preferably, the calculation process of the land damage area of the topsoil pile is:

[0027] The total area of the topsoil field is obtained according to the average thickness of the topsoil stripped from the open pit, the dump, the gangue pile field and the ground production facility site; wherein the total area of the topsoil field is calculated by the formula:

[0028]

[0029] wherein A b is the area of the gangue pile, H b is the average height of the topsoil pile, f(V g , α g ) is a form factor function of the topsoil pile, α b is the slope angle of the topsoil pile, V b is the total capacity requirement of the topsoil field, and V b = (A c h c +A p h p +A g h g +A s h s )s b , s b is the loose coefficient of the topsoil in the pile field, A c , A p , A g and A s are the areas of the open pit, the dump, the gangue pile field and the ground production facility site, respectively, h c , h p , h g and h sThe average thickness of the overburden stripped from the open pit, the dump, the gangue yard and the surface production facility site, respectively;

[0030] The land damage area of the overburden storage is obtained according to the total area of the overburden yard.

[0031] Preferably, the land damage area of the overburden storage obtained according to the total area of the overburden yard comprises:

[0032] The formula is:

[0033]

[0034] The land damage area of the overburden storage is obtained; wherein A b,t is the land damage area of the overburden storage at the end of the tth year, A s，t is the area of the surface production facility site in the tth year.

[0035] Preferably, the greenhouse gas emission amount is determined according to the energy consumption in the mining plan of the open-pit coal mine, comprising:

[0036] The formula is:

[0037]

[0038] The greenhouse gas emission amount is obtained; wherein e m and e x are the unit greenhouse gas emission amounts of the raw coal mining and washing and selection, respectively; e y and e4 are the unit greenhouse gas emission amounts of the rock and quaternary stratum stripping, respectively; y m is the unit diesel consumption amount of the raw coal mining; y y and y4 are the unit diesel consumption amounts of the rock and quaternary stratum stripping, respectively; d m and d x are the unit power consumption amounts of the raw coal mining and washing and selection, respectively; d y and d4 are the unit power consumption amounts of the rock and quaternary stratum stripping, respectively; d zm , d zy and d z4 are the unit explosive consumption amounts of the raw coal mining, the rock stripping and the quaternary stratum stripping, respectively; η c is the greenhouse gas emission factor of diesel, η d is the greenhouse gas emission factor of electricity; η z is the greenhouse gas emission factor of explosive; γ m is the in-situ unit weight of coal, v y,t and v 4,t are the in-situ volumes of the rock and quaternary stratum stripped in the tth year in the mining plan, respectively, q m,t is the raw coal production in the tth year in the mining plan.

[0039] The application further provides a system for quantitatively accounting for ecological impact caused by open-pit coal mining.

[0040] The land ecosystem damage amount calculation module is configured to determine a land ecosystem damage amount according to a mining plan of the open-pit coal mine; wherein the land ecosystem damage amount comprises a total area of land damaged by a stope, a total area of land damaged by a waste dump, a land damage area of a gangue pile, a land damage area of surface production facilities and a land damage area of surface soil storage.

[0041] The land ecosystem damage quantification model calculation module is configured to obtain a land ecosystem damage quantification model according to the land ecosystem damage amount.

[0042] The greenhouse gas emission amount calculation module is configured to determine a greenhouse gas emission amount according to energy consumption of the open-pit coal mine in the mining plan.

[0043] The environmental impact quantification model construction module is configured to obtain an environmental impact quantification model of mining on an ecosystem according to the greenhouse gas emission amount and the land ecosystem damage quantification model.

[0044] The mining plan optimization module is configured to optimize the mining plan of the open-pit coal mine by using the environmental impact quantification model to obtain a mining plan with minimal impact on the ecosystem.

[0045] According to the embodiments of the application, the following technical effects are achieved:

[0046] The method and system for quantitatively accounting for ecological impact caused by open-pit coal mining have the following advantages: compared with the prior art, the method and system consider not only the impact of greenhouse gas emission on the environment but also the damage degree of the open-pit coal mine on the land ecosystem, and optimize the mining plan of the open-pit coal mine based on the above, so that the impact of the open-pit coal mine on the environment can be greatly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor.

[0048] Figure 1 The flowchart of the method for quantitatively accounting for ecological impact caused by open-pit coal mining is provided in the embodiments of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort belong to the scope of the present application.

[0050] In order to make the above objectives, characteristics and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1 A method for quantitatively accounting ecological impact generated by open-pit coal mining, comprising:

[0052] Step 1: determining the land ecosystem damage amount according to the mining plan of the open-pit coal mine; wherein the land ecosystem damage amount comprises: total land area damaged by the mining site, total land area damaged by the dump site, land damage area of the gangue pile, land damage area of the surface production facility and land damage area of the surface soil stockpile;

[0053] The land ecosystem damage is simply referred to as land damage. The land damage amount is measured by area, and the unit is hm2. The land damage of the open-pit coal mine includes: mining site damage, dump site occupation, gangue pile occupation, surface soil pile occupation and surface production facility (various production service buildings and mine special roads) occupation.

[0054] The present application will further describe the solving steps of the land damage area with specific calculation formulas as follows:

[0055] a. Land damage area of the mining site

[0056] Total land area A damaged by the open-pit mining site c which is equal to the surface area of the final boundary in the mining plan, and is directly calculated according to the vertex coordinates on the surface perimeter line (closed polygon) of the final boundary:

[0057]

[0058] In the formula, n is the total number of vertices on the surface perimeter polygon of the final boundary; x i and y i are the east-west and north-south coordinates of the i-th vertex on the horizontal plane, respectively, m; when i=n, i+1=1.

[0059] In the mining process, the mining site is expanded year by year, and the damaged land area is expanded.

[0060] A c,tA c,t The value of A c,t t can be calculated according to the surface perimeter of the pit at the end of each year in the stripping plan. If the life of a mining plan is L years (i.e. the final boundary of the plan is mined out at the end of the Lth year), it is obvious that A c,L = A c .

[0061] b. Land damage area of the dump

[0062] The total area of land occupied by the dump depends on the total amount of rock and Quaternary strata to be discarded, the topography of the dump, the elements of the dump (total height, stage height and slope angle), etc.

[0063] If there is a detailed design of the dump in the mining plan, the area of land occupied by the dump can be directly calculated according to the vertex coordinates of the surface perimeter of the dump on the design drawings. However, the optimization of the mining plan, regardless of the optimization method and algorithm used, is essentially to seek the best solution among many possible solutions, and it is not realistic to design the dump for all possible solutions.

[0064] Therefore, in the optimization of the mining plan, only the area of land occupied by the dump can be estimated according to the capacity requirement (i.e. the total amount of discarded material).

[0065] The capacity requirement V p of the dump (unit 10 4 m 3 ) and the total area of land occupied by the dump A p are:

[0066] V p = V y s y + V4s4 (2)

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, V y and V4 are the total volume of rock and Quaternary strata discarded to the dump, 10 4 m 3 ; s y and s4 are the fragmentation expansion coefficients of rock and Quaternary strata in the dump; H p is the average height of the dump, m; f(V p , a p ) is the form coefficient function of the dump, which takes a value between 1 and 3 (1 for a cylinder and 3 for a cone). The form of the dump is basically an irregular platform, and under the condition of a given design height H p , V p and ap The smaller, the closer the dump shape to a cone, the value of f(V p , a p ) to 3; otherwise, the closer the dump shape to a column, the value of f(V p , a p ) to 1.

[0069] The relationship between the damaged land area of the dump and time is relatively complex. Overall, the land area of the dump is gradually expanded with the accumulation of the dumping amount during the mining process. However, the land damage area of the dump at a certain time point is not a simple linear function of the cumulative dumping amount at this time point. One of the reasons is that the site needs to be constructed before the dumping starts, which causes the destruction of vegetation and soil for years of production to prepare for the dumping conditions. Therefore, a large area of land may be damaged before it accepts the dumping. The second reason is that the planar expansion and elevation of the dump change over time, which depends on factors such as topography, dumping technology, dumping line arrangement, and stage height. The land area is not linearly increased with the increase of the dumping amount, but irregularly increased in steps. Therefore, during the mining process, the cumulative area of the damaged land of the dump at the end of the tth year A p,t cannot be calculated based on the cumulative dumping amount at this time. In addition, the boundary plane size of a large open-pit coal mine is very large, and internal dumping conditions may be formed after several years of mining, and the subsequent dump no longer expands or expands at a significantly slower speed.

[0070] In order to reflect the dominant trend of the change of the damaged land area of the dump over time as much as possible and make the estimation model practical in the optimization of the mining plan without specific design of the dump, the following simplifications are made:

[0071] ① The pit bottom area is used as the index to determine the internal dumping condition, that is, a minimum pit bottom area A kmin is set. If the pit bottom area A n of a mining plan at the end of the k kn th year first meets A kn ≥ A kmin , it is considered that internal dumping conditions are formed at the end of the year, and it is assumed that from the k n +1th year to the end of the mining, waste rock is no longer dumped into the dump.

[0072] Therefore, when calculating the total land area of the dump using the above formula, V y and V4 are the total amounts of rock and Quaternary strata dumped in the first k n years, that is,

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] where v y,t and v 4,t are the in-situ volumes of rock and overburden stripped in the tth year of the mining plan, respectively,10 4 m 3 .

[0076] ② Assume that the construction area of the dump in the mine construction is equal to the area required to accommodate the amount of waste discarded in the first k j years, and this initial area is denoted as A p,0 , which can be estimated based on the amount of waste discarded in the first k j years. In this way, the land damage area of the dump remains A j unchanged in the production of the first k p,0 years; it is expanded year by year thereafter, and it is assumed that the newly added area each year is proportional to the annual waste discarded.

[0077] After the above simplification, the cumulative area A p,t of the land damaged by the dump over the entire mining life L years can be simplified as a three-segment linear function with respect to time:

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] A p,t = A p for t = k n + 1, k n + 2, …, L (8)

[0081] where V p,0 is the amount of waste discarded in the first k j years of the mining plan (the initial construction capacity of the dump),10 4 m 3 , i.e.

[0082]

[0083] If the mine has multiple dumps, the land area of each dump can be estimated based on its design capacity and height, respectively, and the sum of the land areas of the dumps is the total land area of the dumps.

[0084] c. Land damage area of the gangue pile

[0085] The land area of the gangue pile can be calculated according to the amount of gangue. The amount of gangue generated can be regarded as a linear function of the raw coal production:

[0086]

[0087] where Vg,t is the cumulative gangue production at the end of the tth year, 10 4 m 3 ; r g is the gangue production rate; q m,i is the raw coal production in the ith year of the mining plan, 10 4 t; γ g is the bulk density of the gangue, t / m 3 . When the mining life of the mining plan is L years, the total amount of gangue V g = V g,L .

[0088] The total area A g of the gangue pile can be estimated by the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] where H g is the average height of the gangue pile, m; f(V g , α g ) is the form factor function of the gangue pile; α g is the slope angle of the gangue pile. The gangue is generally not divided into stages and does not have stage platforms, so α g is equal to the natural repose angle of the gangue.

[0091] The total area of the gangue pile is very small relative to the total area of the stope and the dump. Therefore, the change of the damaged land area with time is assumed to be a simple linear function without considering various realistic factors. The cumulative area A g,t of the gangue pile at the end of the tth year is:

[0092]

[0093] d. Land damage area of surface production facilities

[0094] The area of the mine special road and the building and structure has a certain relationship with the production capacity of the mining plan. For example, the larger the equipment size used in the plan with higher production capacity, the larger the width of the road and the area of the equipment maintenance facility. However, this area is not linearly related to the production capacity, and within a certain range of production capacity, this area is constant; when the change of the production capacity is sufficient to cause the change of this area, the functional relationship between the two cannot be determined before the detailed general layout is completed. Since the proportion of this area in the total area of the damaged land of the mine is small, it is not necessary to consider the change of the mining plan in the optimization of the mining plan,

[0095] but it is assumed to be a constant, denoted as A sThe construction of the mine production facilities is completed during the mine construction period, i.e. the land damage has occurred at time 0 (the beginning of the mine exploitation) and remains basically unchanged until the end of the mine production. Therefore, the cumulative area of the production facilities at the end of the t year is constant, i.e. A s,t = A s .

[0096] e. Land damage area of the topsoil stockpile

[0097] According to the relevant regulations of the mine land reclamation, the topsoil on the land to be damaged during the production should be stripped and properly stored for use during the reclamation. The topsoil in the topsoil stockpile itself generally does not need to be stripped, because the topsoil stockpile does not cause damage to the underlying soil, and the topsoil stockpile can be used in situ after the topsoil is loosened. Therefore, the topsoil to be stored comes from the stripping of the topsoil in the open pit, the dump, the gangue stockpile and the land occupied by the surface production facilities. The total capacity requirement V b (10 4 m 3 ) of the topsoil stockpile is:

[0098] V b = (A c h c +A p h p +A g h g +A s h s )s b (13)

[0099] In the formula, s b is the loose coefficient of the topsoil in the stockpile; h c , h p , h g and h s are the average thicknesses of the topsoil that can be stripped from the open pit, the dump, the gangue stockpile and the land occupied by the surface production facilities, respectively, m.

[0100] The total area A b of the topsoil stockpile is estimated by the following formula:

[0101]

[0102] In the formula, H b is the average height of the topsoil stockpile, m, which is not too high in order to maintain the soil quality for a long period of time, generally 10-30 m; f(V b , a b ) is the form coefficient function of the topsoil stockpile; a b is the slope angle of the topsoil stockpile, which is generally equal to the natural repose angle of the topsoil.

[0103] The relationship between the area of land occupied by the surface soil stockpile and time is generally expanded with the expansion of the surface soil stripping area (i.e. the increase of the surface soil stockpile amount). Due to the uneven thickness of the surface soil in the surface soil stripping area, the change of the surface soil stockpile form and the surface soil site shape and other factors, the relationship between the area of land occupied by the surface soil stockpile and the surface soil stripping amount is discontinuous and nonlinear. However, the proportion of the area of land occupied by the surface soil stockpile in the total area of land damaged by the mine is very small, and the approximate expression of the relationship between the area of land occupied by the surface soil stockpile and time will not have a significant impact on the optimization of the mining plan. Therefore, it is assumed that the surface soil stripping and the land damage are synchronous in time, and the area of land occupied by the surface soil stockpile is linearly increased with the increase of the volume of the surface soil stockpile.

[0104] Thus, the cumulative area of land occupied by the surface soil stockpile at the end of the tth year A b,t is:

[0105]

[0106] Based on the above process, the calculation formulas of the total area of land damaged by the mining, the total area of land damaged by the dump, the area of land damaged by the gangue pile, the area of land damaged by the surface production facility and the area of land damaged by the surface soil stockpile are obtained in sequence as follows:

[0107] 1. The calculation formula of the total area of land damaged by the mining is:

[0108]

[0109] wherein, A c,t is the total area of land damaged by the mining at the end of the tth year, n is the total number of vertices on the surface polygon of the mining at the end of the tth year; x i is the east-west coordinate of the i th vertex on the horizontal plane, and y i is the south-north coordinate of the i th vertex on the horizontal plane.

[0110] 2. The calculation formula of the total area of land damaged by the dump is:

[0111]

[0112] wherein, A p,t is the total area of land damaged by the dump at the tth year, V p,0 is the initial construction capacity of the dump, H p is the average height of the dump, f(V p0 , α p ) is the first form coefficient function of the dump, which is valued between 1 and 3, α p is the slope angle of the dump, A p is the total area of land occupied by the dump, V p is the capacity requirement of the dump, and s is the surface area of the dump.y is the fragmentation coefficient of rock in the dump, s4 is the fragmentation coefficient of Quaternary layer in the dump, v y,i is the volume of rock stripped in the i-th year of the dump, v 4,i is the volume of Quaternary layer stripped in the i-th year of the dump, f(V p0 , a p ) is the second shape coefficient function of the dump, taking a value between 1 and 3, and L is the service life of the open-pit coal mine.

[0113] 3. The calculation process of the land damage area of the gangue pile is:

[0114] The gangue production is determined according to the raw coal production; wherein, the gangue production calculation formula is:

[0115]

[0116] Wherein, V g,t is the cumulative gangue production at the end of the t-th year, r g is the gangue production rate, q m,i is the raw coal production in the i-th year of the mining plan, γ g is the bulk density of the gangue;

[0117] The land damage area calculation formula of the gangue pile is obtained according to the gangue production; wherein, the land damage area calculation formula of the gangue pile is:

[0118]

[0119] Wherein, A g,t is the land damage area of the gangue pile at the end of the t-th year, A g is the land occupation area of the gangue pile, V g is the cumulative gangue production at the end of the t-th year, H g is the average height of the gangue pile, f(V g , a g ) is the shape coefficient function of the gangue pile, a g is the slope angle of the gangue pile.

[0120] 4. The calculation process of the land damage area of the topsoil pile is:

[0121] The total land occupation area of the topsoil field is obtained according to the average thickness of the topsoil stripped by the open-pit mine, the dump, the gangue pile and the surface production facility site; wherein, the total land occupation area calculation formula of the topsoil field is:

[0122]

[0123] Wherein, A b is the land occupation area of the gangue pile, H bis the average height of the topsoil, f(V g , alpha g ) is the form factor function of the topsoil pile, alpha b is the slope angle of the topsoil pile, V b is the total volume requirement of the topsoil field, and V b = (A c h c + A p h p + A g h g + A s h s ) s b , s b is the loose coefficient of the topsoil in the pile field, A c , A p , A g , and A s are the land occupation areas of the open pit, the dump, the gangue pile field, and the surface production facility field, respectively, h c , h p , h g , and h s are the average thicknesses of the topsoil stripped from the open pit, the dump, the gangue pile field, and the surface production facility field, respectively.

[0124] The land damage area of the topsoil pile is obtained according to the total land occupation area of the topsoil field. The land damage area is:

[0125]

[0126] wherein A b,t is the land damage area of the topsoil pile at the end of the tth year, and A s，t is the land occupation area of the surface production facility field in the tth year.

[0127] Step 2: obtaining a land ecosystem damage quantification model according to the land ecosystem damage amount;

[0128] It should be noted that the land ecosystem damage quantification model in the present application is the sum of the amounts of damage to various land ecosystems.

[0129] Step 3: determining the greenhouse gas emission amount according to the energy consumption of the open-pit coal mine in the mining plan;

[0130] Greenhouse gas emissions from surface coal mines come from energy and explosives consumption in production, with energy mainly being diesel and electricity. According to diesel, electricity and explosives consumption in surface coal mine production, the key to calculating greenhouse gas emissions is energy consumption and explosives consumption, by applying greenhouse gas emission factors of diesel, electricity and explosives. In the mining plan optimization stage, a more practical way is to estimate unit energy consumption of raw coal mining, rock stripping, quaternary strata stripping and coal washing, and explosives consumption of the first three processes from statistical data of similar mines. With unit energy consumption and explosives consumption, unit greenhouse gas emissions of each production process become simple:

[0131]

[0132]

[0133]

[0134]

[0135] where e1 and e2 are unit greenhouse gas emissions of raw coal mining and washing, t(CO2-eq) / t(raw coal); e3 and e4 are unit greenhouse gas emissions of rock and quaternary strata stripping, t(CO2-eq) / m; y1 is unit diesel consumption of raw coal mining, kg / t; y3 and y4 are unit diesel consumption of rock and quaternary strata stripping, kg / m; d1 and d2 are unit electricity consumption of raw coal mining and washing, kWh / t; d3 and d4 are unit electricity consumption of rock and quaternary strata stripping, kWh / m; d1, d3 and d4 are explosives consumption of raw coal mining, rock stripping and quaternary strata stripping (0 if no blasting is needed), kg / m; η is greenhouse gas emission factor of diesel, t(CO2-eq) / t. η is greenhouse gas emission factor of electricity, t(CO2-eq) / MWh; η is greenhouse gas emission factor of explosives, t(CO2-eq) / t; γ is in-situ bulk density of coal, t / m; v1 and v2 are unit volume of raw coal and coal after washing, m3 / t. m x y 3 m y 3 m x y 3 zm zy z4 3 c d z m 3 y,t 4,t ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​respectively, the in-situ volume of rock and quaternary strata stripped in the tth year of the mining plan, 10 4 m 3 , V g,t is the cumulative gangue production at the end of the tth year, 10 4 m 3 ; r g is the gangue production rate; q m,i is the raw coal production in the ith year of the mining plan, 10 4 t; γ g is the bulk density of the gangue, t / m 3 , the total amount of gangue V g = V g,L when the mining life of the mining plan is L years.

[0136] According to the production plan of the mine in the tth year, the coal production of the mine in the year is q m,t , the rock stripping amount is v y,t , and the quaternary strata amount is v 4,t , then the total greenhouse gas emission E t (10 4 t) of the year is:

[0137] E t = (e m + e x ) × q m,t + e y × v y,t + e4 × v 4,t (20)

[0138] The ecosystem itself has an absorption effect on greenhouse gases, such as grassland, forest land, aquaculture land, etc. all have different greenhouse gas absorption capacity. Therefore, according to the characteristics of the ecosystem where the mine is located, if the greenhouse gas emitted by the mine in the tth year is to be absorbed, how much area of forest land, grassland or aquaculture land (mainly depending on what the original ecosystem is like) is needed, such land types are virtual and are called fossil energy land. Let the greenhouse gas absorption capacity of a certain type of ecosystem per unit area be B (t / hm 2 ), then the area A E,t (hm 2 ) of the ecosystem required to absorb the greenhouse gas emitted by the mine in the tth year is:

[0139] A E,t = E t / B (21)

[0140] Step 4: obtaining a mine exploitation environmental impact on the ecosystem quantification model according to the greenhouse gas emission and the land ecosystem damage quantification model;

[0141] Therefore, the impact of the mine exploitation on the entire ecosystem in the t-th year can be measured by the following formula:

[0142] A t = A c,t + A p,t + A g,t + A s,t + A b,t + A E,t (22)

[0143] The above formula, except for the last term for the area required to absorb the greenhouse gases emitted by the energy consumption, is the cumulative amount in the t-th year, rather than the simply damaged land area in the t-th year. The reason for such calculation is that the direct loss of the land damage caused by the exploitation is the ecological productivity of the land and the corresponding ecosystem function. Before the land is damaged, the land carries these values every year; once the land is damaged, these values disappear, and such loss exists year after year before the land restores its original ecological productivity and ecosystem function. Therefore, here, with the increase of the exploitation year of the mine, the corresponding ecological impact of each year is also cumulative.

[0144] Step 5: using the environmental impact quantification model to optimize the exploitation plan of the open-pit coal mine plant to obtain the exploitation plan with the minimum impact on the ecosystem.

[0145] Based on the environmental impact quantification model, combined with the mining, stripping, Quaternary layer stripping, coal washing and other processes of the open-pit mine, an ecological impact quantification model of unit production is established, and the model is used as a state variable in the optimization process of the open-pit mine exploitation plan, and together with the stripping capacity, the model is used as an important factor for deciding the best stripping plan of the open-pit mine, and through the moving solution domain and the random fluctuation method, an ecological optimization design scheme of the open-pit mine is obtained.

[0146] The mining area of the Heishan open-pit iron mine is divided into five regions, and the coal reserves in the boundary are 1141.09 Mt. According to the construction scale of 10.0 Mt / a, the reserve coefficient is 1.10, the design balanced service life of the open-pit mine is 104 years, the stripping plan and the stope expansion area in the first 20 years are shown in Table 1, and the following case calculation is used to illustrate how to measure the ecological impact degree of the mine exploitation in a certain year.

[0147] Table 1 Stripping plan of Heishan open-pit mine

[0148]

[0149]

[0150] In the table, the first year is the construction period, only rock stripping, the second to third year is the production period, the fourth year begins to reach the production, the surface damage area of the mining area in the first few years is larger, because in order to expose the ore body as soon as possible in the early stage, a larger range of surface vegetation will be cleaned up to facilitate the work of mechanical equipment.

[0151] (1) The cumulative damage area A of the stope in the t year c,t Calculation

[0152] In Table 1, the stope area is directly measured on the map according to the stope advancing position of each year when the mine prepares the production plan (it can also be calculated according to formula 1), so the cumulative damage area of a certain year is given, not the damage area of this year, such as A c,9 The cumulative area of the stope land damaged at the end of the 9th year is 481hm 2 . According to the plan, the total area A c of the stope in the first 20 years of mining is 849hm 2 (as shown in Table 1).

[0153] (2) The cumulative damage area A of the dump in the t year p,t Calculation

[0154] The total area of the dump can be calculated according to formula (2-3), and the cumulative area of the dump in a certain year can be calculated according to formula (2-9). First, determine the parameters of the dump, according to the mine plan, the height H p of the dump is set to 100m; according to the original design of the dump, internal dumping (100 million m 3 ) starts in the 10th year, and full internal dumping is realized in the 11th year, so the dump no longer damages the land, and the total external stripping amount is 63427 million m 3 . Since the volume of stripping material (rock and quaternary layer) in the table is the original volume, the volume will increase due to the crushing and swelling when it is stacked in the dump. The stripping plan does not distinguish between the amount of rock and quaternary layer, according to the geological data, the average thickness of the quaternary layer is 10m, combined with the area of 849 hectares mined in the first 20 years of the stope in Table 1, the quaternary layer V4 can be roughly estimated at 8490 million m 3 (If this amount is separately counted in the design, it is summed up according to formula 5), accounting for 13.39% of the total stripping amount (63427 million m 3 ), the amount of rock V y is 54937 million m 3 (If this amount is separately counted in the design, it is summed up according to formula 4), so the quaternary layer amount in each year of stripping material can be converted according to this proportion, such as in the 9th year, the amount of stripping material is 8500 million m 3 , the volume of the quaternary layer V 4,9 is 1138 million m3 , rock volume V y,9 is 736.2 million m 3 .

[0155] If the rock expansion coefficient s y is taken as 1.3, and the Quaternary layer expansion coefficient s4 is taken as 1.1, according to formula (2), the required dump volume V p is:

[0156] V p = V y s y + V4s4

[0157] = 54937 x 1.3 + 8490 x 1.1

[0158] = 80757.1 million m 3

[0159] The slope a p of the mine design dump is 22°, and the required dump volume V p is 80757.1 million m 3 , combined with the value of f(V p , a p ) according to formula (3), which is taken as 2 here, then the total dump area A p required for the rock and Quaternary layer is:

[0160]

[0161] Generally, the dump range is gradually expanded, so the cumulative land damage of the dump in a certain year can be evaluated according to formulas (6-7). First, according to the production plan in Table 1, the first year is the construction period, the second and third years are the production period, and the fourth year reaches production, so here the initial capacity of the dump can accommodate the stripping of the previous 3 years (that is, at the beginning of the first year, a certain area of land is flattened to accommodate the stripping of the previous 3 years), and the cumulative in-situ stripping amount of the previous 3 years is 10427 million m 3 , of which the Quaternary layer amount (accounting for 13.39% of the in-situ stripping amount, denoted by V 4,0 , if this amount is separately counted in the design, then it is summed according to formula 9) is 1396.18 million m 3 , and the rock stripping amount (denoted by V y,0 ) is 9030.82 million m 3 , according to formula (2), the initial dump capacity V p,0 required for construction is

[0162] V p,0 = V y,0 s y + V 4,0s4

[0163] = 9030.82 x 1.3 + 1396.18 x 1.1

[0164] = 13275.86 million m 3

[0165] The form factor of the dump in any year is consistent with the final form factor of the dump, i.e. f(V p,0 ,a p ) and f(V p ,a p ) is 2; according to formula (6), the land cumulative damage area is the same in each of the first 3 years, i.e. A p,1 = A p,2 = A p,3 = A p,0 ,

[0166]

[0167] Then, also taking the 9th year as an example, the cumulative land area A p,9 of the dump in the 9th year can be calculated according to formula (7):

[0168]

[0169] After the 11th year, since the stope space is sufficient for the late stripping material to achieve the requirement of internal discharge, the dump outside the late stope no longer expands, at this time, the land area of the dump in any year is shown in formula (8):

[0170] A p,11 = A p = 1615.14, for t = 10 + 1, 10 + 2,..., 20

[0171] (3) The cumulative damage area A p,t of the gangue pile in the tth year is calculated

[0172] According to the design, the gangue yield rate r g of the mine is 8.3%, the bulk density of the gangue is 2.5 t / m 3 , taking the 9th year as an example, the coal production q m,9 in the 9th year is 1000 million tons, the cumulative coal production in the 9th year is 7100 million tons, according to formula (10), the cumulative amount of gangue V g,t generated in the 9th year can be calculated.

[0173]

[0174] The slope angle α g of the gangue pile is generally designed according to the natural repose angle (35°), without steps, and the stacking height Hg Take 40m; according to the design, to the 20th year, the mine gangue accumulation V g is 6.0092 million tons (calculated according to formula 10), then f(V p , a p ) can be taken as 1.5, and the total gangue pile area A g can be calculated according to formula (11) as:

[0175]

[0176] The cumulative area of the gangue pile at the end of the 9th year A g,9 is:

[0177]

[0178] (4) The land damage area A s,t of the surface production facility

[0179] According to the mine planning, a certain area (A s ) of land is needed for the surface production facility at the initial stage of mine production, including the drainage and waterproof system, ground production system, industrial site, ground road, 35kV power line, etc., totaling 212.74hm 2 This data remains basically unchanged until the end of mine production. Therefore, the cumulative area of the production facility at the end of the tth year is a constant, i.e. A s,t =A s,9 =A s =212.74hm 2 .

[0180] (5) The land damage area A b,t of the topsoil storage

[0181] The topsoil needed for storage mainly comes from the damaged topsoil of the aforementioned four types of industrial sites. Among them, the topsoil stripping thickness of the stope (h c ) and the surface production facility area (h s ) is 0.2m, and the stripping thickness of the dump (h p ) and the gangue pile (h g ) is 0.3m; the loose coefficient of the topsoil in the stockpile (s b ) is taken as 1.08. According to formula (13), the total capacity requirement V b of the topsoil field is:

[0182] V b =(A c h c +A p h p +A g h g +As h s )s b

[0183] = (849 x 0.2 + 1615.14 x 0.3 + 22.54 x 0.3 + 212.74 x 0.2) x 1.08

[0184] = 7.5994 million m 3

[0185] The stacking height of the topsoil is 15 m, the soil repose angle a b is 40°; the topsoil is not stacked in layers, so f(V b , a b ) can be 1.2. According to formula (14), the total area A b of the topsoil field is:

[0186]

[0187] According to formula (15), the cumulative area A b,9 of the topsoil field at the end of the 9th year of the mining plan is:

[0188]

[0189] (6) The area A E,t of the fossil energy source land used to absorb greenhouse gases emitted by energy consumption is calculated

[0190] The power consumption of the mine after reaching production in the 4th year (excluding the power consumption of outsourced equipment) is as follows: the power consumption d m of coal mining is 0.1834 kWh / t, the power consumption d y of rock stripping is 0.4622 kWh / m 3 , the power consumption d4 of Quaternary layer is 0.2751 kWh / m 3 ; the current Heishan coal washery has not been put into use, according to the operation index after the completion of the coal preparation plant, the power consumption d x of per ton of raw coal is about 5 kWh, in order to make the environmental impact quantification model established by the present technology comprehensive, it is assumed that the coal washery is built at the initial stage of mine exploitation. The diesel consumption y m of coal mining is 0.221 kg / t, the diesel consumption y4 of Quaternary layer stripping is 0.332 kg / m 3 , the diesel consumption y y of rock stripping is 0.557 kg / m 3 . The explosive consumption d zm of raw coal mining is 0.1520 kg / m 3 , the explosive consumption d z4 of Quaternary layer stripping is 0.174 kg / m3 , the explosive unit consumption d of rock stripping zy is 0.2923 kg / m 3 .

[0191] The greenhouse gas emission factor η of diesel c is 4.4409 t(CO2-eq) / t, the greenhouse gas emission factor η of electricity consumption d is 1.1082 t(CO2-eq) / MWh; the greenhouse gas emission factor η of explosive z is 1.84 t(CO2-eq) / t. The in-situ bulk density γ of coal m is 1.31 t / m 3 .

[0192] According to formula (16-19), combined with the above unit energy consumption data and greenhouse gas emission factors, the unit greenhouse gas emissions of each production process are:

[0193]

[0194]

[0195]

[0196]

[0197] According to the production plan of the mine in the 9th year, it can be known that the coal production q m,9 of the year is 1000 million tons, the rock stripping volume v y,9 is 7362 million m 3 , the Quaternary layer volume v 4,9 is 1138 million m 3 , combined with formula (20), the total greenhouse gas emissions E9(10 4 t) of the year are:

[0198] E9=(e m +e x )×q m,9 +e y ×v y,9 +e4×v 4,9

[0199] =(0.001398+0.005541)×1000+0.003524×7362+0.002099×1138

[0200] = 3527000 t

[0201] The vegetation in the mining area is relatively developed, mainly grassland meadow, and the average annual carbon dioxide absorption capacity B (including vegetation carbon absorption capacity and soil carbon sequestration capacity) is 2.297 t hm -2 ·a -1 . Then the greenhouse gas emissions of the mine in the 9th year need an ecosystem with an area of A E,9 (m 2 ) to absorb.

[0202]

[0203] This calculation shows that such a large area of grassland is needed to absorb the carbon dioxide emissions in this year, that is, the mine needs to build such a range of grassland to deal with the greenhouse gas emissions of the mine, and such grassland will have an effect in the following years, and after the balanced mining and stripping amount of the mine, the annual energy consumption fluctuation will not be too large, so the greenhouse gas emissions of the entire life cycle of the mine can be approximately absorbed by the area of grassland.

[0204] Therefore, in the 9th year, the impact of mining on the entire ecosystem can be calculated according to formula (22).

[0205] A9=A c,9 +A p,9 +A g,9 +A s,9 +A b,9 +A E,9

[0206] = 481 + 1426.69 + 8.84 + 212.74 + 49.2 + 153600

[0207] = 155778.47 hm 2

[0208] From the above calculation, it can be seen that the greenhouse gas emissions of the energy consumption of the mine production in the 9th year correspond to the required grassland area (because the ecological environment of the mining area is grassland meadow type) far greater than the stope area, the dump area, the gangue pile area, the industrial facility land occupation and the topsoil storage area formed by the mine in the 9th year, which on the one hand shows that in the mining process of a certain year, the environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions is much larger than the direct land damage impact; on the other hand, since the area of direct land damage is increasing year by year, the current only calculates the direct land damage area in the 9th year, and the mining life is expected to be 104 years, so the direct damage area calculated here is far less than the final direct land damage area caused by the mine, and the grassland area required for the energy consumption of greenhouse gas emissions is basically considered to be the same every year during the entire life of the mine, and such an area of grassland can be repeatedly used to absorb greenhouse gas every year, that is, the grassland area required to absorb greenhouse gas during the entire life of the mine is 150800hm 2 .

[0209] Through the above calculation, the degree of ecological impact of different mine exploitation can be compared, and even if the production scale, process flow, and mineral properties of the mine are different, the ecological impact of different mine exploitation can be obtained through the above calculation process, so that decision makers or government departments can intuitively see the low-carbon and green construction of the mine.

[0210] At the same time, the model provides a train of thought for further ecological optimization design of the mine. It can be seen that the production plan of each year directly determines the size of the land damage area and the amount of carbon emissions in this year, in other words, the degree of environmental damage each year will also affect the formulation of the mine production plan. Therefore, based on the above established good environment technology, the ecological optimization design of the mine can be further carried out to implement the "design for the environment" concept and achieve the "source reduction" goal.

[0211] The application also provides a system for quantitatively accounting for ecological impact generated by open-pit coal mining, comprising:

[0212] A land ecosystem damage amount calculation module is configured to determine a land ecosystem damage amount according to a mining plan of the open-pit coal mine, wherein the land ecosystem damage amount comprises a total area of land damaged by a stope, a total area of land damaged by a dump, a land damage area of a gangue pile, a land damage area of a surface production facility, and a land damage area of topsoil storage.

[0213] A land ecosystem damage quantification model calculation module is configured to obtain a land ecosystem damage quantification model according to the land ecosystem damage amount.

[0214] A greenhouse gas emission amount calculation module is configured to determine the greenhouse gas emission amount according to the energy consumption of the open-pit coal mine plant in the mining plan;

[0215] An environmental impact quantification model construction module is configured to obtain an environmental impact quantification model of the mining on the ecological system according to the greenhouse gas emission amount and the land ecological system damage quantification model;

[0216] A mining plan optimization module is configured to optimize the mining plan of the open-pit coal mine plant by using the environmental impact quantification model to obtain a mining plan with the least impact on the ecological system.

[0217] According to the embodiments of the present application, the following technical effects are provided:

[0218] The method and system for quantitatively accounting for the ecological impact of open-pit coal mining have the following advantages: compared with the prior art, the method and system consider not only the influence of greenhouse gas emission amount on the environment, but also the damage degree of the open-pit coal mine plant to the land ecological system, and optimize the mining plan of the open-pit coal mine plant based on the above, so that the impact of the open-pit coal mine plant on the environment can be greatly reduced.

[0219] The embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other.

[0220] The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by applying specific examples, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, the specific implementation manner and application range of the present application can be changed according to the idea of the present application. In conclusion, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for quantitative accounting of ecological impact of open-pit coal mining, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: determining the land ecosystem damage amount according to the mining plan of the open-pit coal mine plant; wherein the land ecosystem damage amount comprises: total area of land damaged by mining, total area of land damaged by waste dump, land damage area of gangue pile, land damage area of surface production facility and land damage area of topsoil stockpile; obtaining a land ecosystem damage quantification model according to the land ecosystem damage amount; determining the greenhouse gas emission amount according to the energy consumption of the open-pit coal mine plant in the mining plan, and calculating the greenhouse gas emission amount by using the greenhouse gas emission factors of diesel, electricity and explosives; obtaining a mine exploitation environmental impact quantification model of the ecosystem according to the greenhouse gas emission amount and the land ecosystem damage quantification model; in the tth year, the impact of mine exploitation on the entire ecosystem is measured by the following formula: A t = A c,t + A p,t + A g,t + A s,t + A b,t + A E,t ; wherein A c,t is the total area of the stope-damaged land at the end of the tth year, and the total area of the stope-damaged land is calculated according to the formula: ； wherein A c,t the total area of the stope land loss at the end of the tth year, n is the total number of vertices on the polygon of the surface perimeter of the stope at the end of the tth year; x i is the east-west coordinate of the ith vertex on the horizontal plane, y i is the south-north coordinate of the ith vertex on the horizontal plane; A p,t The total area of damaged land of the dump in the tth year is calculated by the following formula: ； Among them, A p,t Let A be the total area of ​​land damaged by the spoil heap in year t. p,0 V represents the land area occupied by the spoil heap during the initial stage of mine construction, i.e., the land area occupied at mining time t=0. p,0 H represents the initial construction capacity of the spoil heap. p f(V) represents the average height of the spoil heap. p0 α p α is the first morphological coefficient function of the spoil heap, taking values ​​between 1 and 3. p Let A be the slope angle of the spoil heap. p V represents the total area of ​​land occupied by the spoil heap. p To meet the capacity requirements of the spoil heap, s y s4 is the coefficient of rock fragmentation in the spoil heap, v is the coefficient of Quaternary strata fragmentation in the spoil heap. y,i Let v be the volume of rock stripped from the spoil heap in year i. 4,i Let f(V) be the volume of the Quaternary strata stripped from the spoil heap in year i. p α p ) is the second morphological coefficient function of the spoil heap, with a value between 1 and 3, and L is the mining life of the open-pit coal mine; A g,t is the land damage area of the gangue pile at the end of the tth year, and the land damage area of the gangue pile is obtained according to the gangue production amount, using the formula: ； wherein A g,t is the land damage area of the gangue pile at the end of the tth year, A g is the area occupied by the gangue pile, V g,t is the cumulative gangue production at the end of the tth year, V g is the total gangue production of the mine, H g is the average height of the gangue pile, f(V g , a g ) is the shape coefficient function of the gangue pile, a g is the slope angle of the gangue pile; A b,t is the surface soil stockpiled land damage area at the end of the tth year, and the calculation process is: the total area of the surface soil field is obtained according to the average thickness of the surface soil stripped from the open pit, the dump, the gangue yard and the surface production facility site; wherein the total area of the topsoil field is calculated by the following formula: ； wherein A b is the total area of the surface soil yard, H b is the average height of the surface soil pile, f(V b , a b ) is the shape coefficient function of the surface soil pile, a b is the slope angle of the surface soil pile, V b is the total capacity requirement of the surface soil yard, and V b = (A c h c + A p h p + A g h g + A s h s ) s b , s b is the loose coefficient of the surface soil in the yard, A c , A p , A g and A s are the land areas of the open pit, the dump, the gangue yard and the surface production facility site, respectively, h c , h p , h g and h s are the average thicknesses of the surface soil stripped from the open pit, the dump, the gangue yard and the surface production facility site, respectively. the land damage area of the topsoil stockpile is obtained according to the total area of the topsoil field, and the formula is as follows: ； A s,t A is the area of the surface production facility site in the tth year; the ecosystem itself has an absorption effect on greenhouse gases, and the greenhouse gas absorption capacity per unit area of a certain type of ecosystem is B, so the area of the ecosystem required to absorb the greenhouse gases emitted by the mine in the tth year is A E,t ​ A E,t = E t / B; the greenhouse gas emission amount is determined according to the energy consumption of the open-pit coal mine plant in the mining plan, and the formula is as follows: ； wherein e m and e x are the unit greenhouse gas emissions of raw coal mining and washing and dressing, respectively; e y and e4are the unit greenhouse gas emissions of rock and quaternary layer stripping, respectively; y m is the unit diesel consumption of raw coal mining; y y and y4are the unit diesel consumption of rock and quaternary layer stripping, respectively; d m and d x are the unit power consumption of raw coal mining and washing and dressing, respectively; d y and d4are the unit power consumption of rock and quaternary layer stripping, respectively; d zm , d zy and d z4 are the unit explosive consumption of raw coal mining, rock stripping and quaternary layer stripping, respectively; η c is the greenhouse gas emission factor of diesel, η d is the greenhouse gas emission factor of electricity; η z is the greenhouse gas emission factor of explosive; γ m is the in-situ bulk density of coal, v y,t and v 4,t are the in-situ volume of rock and quaternary layer stripped in the tth year of the mining plan, respectively; q m,t is the raw coal production in the tth year of the mining plan; E t is the carbon emission amount generated by the mine in the tth year; the mining plan with the minimum impact on the ecosystem is obtained by optimizing the mining plan of the open-pit coal mine plant by using the environmental impact quantification model; based on the environmental impact quantification model, the ecological impact quantification model of unit production is established by combining the mining, stripping, Quaternary layer stripping and coal washing processes of the open-pit mine, and is used as a state variable in the optimization process of the open-pit mine mining plan, and is used as an important factor for decision-making of the best mining and stripping plan of the open-pit mine together with the mining and stripping capacity, so that the ecological optimization design scheme of the open-pit mine is obtained by using the moving solution domain and the random fluctuation method.

2. The method for quantitatively accounting ecological impact of open-pit coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation process of the land damage area of the gangue pile is as follows: the gangue production amount is determined according to the raw coal production amount; wherein the formula for calculating the gangue production amount is as follows: ； wherein V g,t is the cumulative gangue production at the end of the tth year, r g is the gangue production rate, q m,i is the raw coal production in the ith year of the mining plan, γ g is the bulk density of the gangue the land damage area of the gangue pile is obtained according to the gangue production amount.

3. The system for quantifying ecological impact of open-pit coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: a land ecosystem damage amount calculation module is configured to determine the land ecosystem damage amount according to the mining plan of the open-pit coal mine plant; wherein the land ecosystem damage amount comprises: total area of land damaged by mining, total area of land damaged by waste dump, land damage area of gangue pile, land damage area of surface production facility and land damage area of topsoil stockpile; a land ecosystem damage quantification model calculation module is configured to obtain a land ecosystem damage quantification model according to the land ecosystem damage amount; a greenhouse gas emission amount calculation module is configured to determine the greenhouse gas emission amount according to the energy consumption of the open-pit coal mine plant in the mining plan, and calculate the greenhouse gas emission amount by using the greenhouse gas emission factors of diesel, electricity and explosives; an environmental impact quantification model construction module is configured to obtain a mine exploitation environmental impact quantification model of the ecosystem according to the greenhouse gas emission amount and the land ecosystem damage quantification model; in the tth year, the impact of mine exploitation on the entire ecosystem is measured by the following formula: A t = A c,t + A p,t + A g,t + A s,t + A b,t + A E,t ; Wherein, A c,t is the total area of land damaged by the stope at the end of the tth year, A p,t is the total area of land damaged by the dump in the tth year, A g,t is the area of land damaged by the gangue pile at the end of the tth year, A b,t is the area of land damaged by the topsoil pile at the end of the tth year, A s,t is the area of land occupied by the surface production facility in the tth year; the ecosystem itself has the function of absorbing greenhouse gases, and the greenhouse gas absorption capacity of a unit area of a certain type of ecosystem is B, so the area of the ecosystem required to absorb the greenhouse gases emitted by the mine in the tth year is A E,t : A E,t = E t / B; E t is the carbon emission amount generated by the mine exploitation in the tth year, the exploitation plan optimization module is used for optimizing the exploitation plan of the open-pit coal mine plant by using the environmental impact quantification model to obtain the exploitation plan with the minimum impact on the ecosystem; based on the environmental impact quantification model, the unit production ecological impact quantification model is established by combining the open-pit mine mining, stripping, stripping Quaternary layer and coal washing process, and is used as a state variable in the open-pit mine exploitation plan optimization process, and is used as an important factor for deciding the best stripping plan of the open-pit mine together with the stripping capacity, and the open-pit mine ecological optimization design scheme is obtained by using the moving solution domain and the random fluctuation method.

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