A shock-absorbing device and construction method for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock

Abstract

The present invention discloses a shock-absorbing device and construction method for blasting construction in a complex and weak surrounding rock tunnel, specifically relating to the field of blasting construction technology, comprising a base, wherein both sides of the top of the base are provided with a slide groove, the inner sides of the two slide grooves are provided with a threaded block, a drive assembly is provided between the two threaded blocks, and a support plate is fixedly provided on the top of the threaded block. The present invention uses the drive assembly to adjust the two first mounting plates to move away from each other, so that the breathable membranes on the two rotating shafts are pulled apart, playing a dust-proof role between the two first mounting plates. The breathable membrane filters the dust generated by the blasting, preventing the dust from being blown out of the tunnel and affecting the health of the workers. When the two first mounting plates are adjusted to move closer to each other, the coil spring drives the breathable membrane to be rewound around the rotating shaft for storage, and the two layers of breathable membrane are used to filter the dust, greatly improving the safety of the workers. The structure is simple, no manual operation is required, and the use is more time-saving and labor-saving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of blasting construction, and more particularly to a shock absorbing device and a construction method for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels can generally be divided into three categories: mountain tunnels, underwater tunnels and urban tunnels. Tunnels are the focus and key projects of highway, railway and other construction. With the development of railway construction and the advancement of science and technology, tunnel excavation methods have developed rapidly. The more commonly used excavation methods are drilling and blasting, shield method and tunnel boring machine method. Due to the strong adaptability of drilling and blasting to geological conditions and low excavation cost, it is particularly suitable for the construction of hard rock tunnels and complex soft surrounding rocks. Blasting is the use of the compression, loosening and destructive effects produced by the explosion of explosives in soil and rock media. When the explosive bag or charge explodes in the soil and rock media or structures, the soil and rock media will be compressed, deformed and destroyed. It is mainly used in earthwork projects and the demolition of metal buildings and structures.

[0003] At present, when constructing tunnels with complex and weak surrounding rocks, blasting is required. The blasting process will generate large vibrations and dust, which can easily cause tunnel collapse. The dust generated by the blasting will fly everywhere, seriously affecting the operating environment of the workers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a shock-absorbing device and a construction method for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock, so as to solve the problems arising from the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a shock-absorbing device for blasting construction in a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock, comprising a base, slide grooves are provided on both sides of the top of the base, threaded blocks are provided on the inner sides of the two slide grooves, a driving assembly is provided between the two threaded blocks, a support plate is fixed on the top of the threaded block, a top plate is fixed on the top of the two support plates, a plurality of shock-absorbing assemblies are embedded on the top of the top plate and the outer end of the support plate, a first mounting plate is provided on the outer side of the two support plates, a second mounting plate is provided on the top of the two top plates, baffles are provided on the outer ends of the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate, the baffles are used to contact the inner wall of the tunnel to achieve a shock-absorbing and protective effect, and a bottom end of the base is provided from top to bottom. The through hole is arranged in an L-shape, and a dust suction component is provided on the inner side of the through hole. Two breathable membranes are provided between the two first mounting plates, and the two breathable membranes are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the first mounting plate. A coil spring is fixedly provided inside the breathable membrane, and a rotating shaft is fixedly provided at both ends of the coil spring and the breathable membrane. The breathable membrane is wound around the rotating shaft by using the coil spring, so that the breathable membrane can be automatically reeled up. Each set of shock-absorbing components includes multiple sleeves, and the multiple sleeves are respectively embedded in the outer ends of the two support plates and the top ends of the two top plates. A round rod is movably provided on the inner side of the sleeve, and a spring is fixed between the round rod and the inner side of the sleeve. The first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are respectively fixedly connected to the ends of the multiple round rods away from the sleeve.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, limiting grooves are provided at both front and rear ends of the two first mounting plates, and a storage cavity is provided inside the limiting grooves. The storage cavities at the front and rear ends of the two first mounting plates are symmetrical one to one, and the two rotating shafts are movably arranged in the two symmetrical storage cavities. The two ends of the breathable membrane pass through the two limiting grooves and extend into the storage cavity. The limiting grooves are used to guide the breathable membrane, and the breathable membrane can be stored in the storage cavity when not in use.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, two water cavities symmetrically distributed front to back are provided inside the two top plates, and two atomizing nozzles are fixedly provided at the front and rear ends of the top plates. The atomizing nozzles are used to spray mist for easy dust removal. The atomizing nozzles are connected to the interior of the water cavity, and a liquid storage cavity is provided inside the base. The liquid storage cavity is provided on the front side of the through hole, and an infusion component is fixed in the liquid storage cavity.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are internally threadedly connected with a plurality of bolts, and the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are fixedly connected to a plurality of baffles through the plurality of bolts. The baffles are fixed with bolts, which facilitates replacement of baffles of different shapes for use.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the dust collection assembly includes a drawer and a suction pump. The drawer is slidably arranged on the inner side of the through hole. A first filter is embedded in the front end of the drawer. The first filter can block dust in the drawer. The suction pump is fixed on the inner side of the through hole in front of the drawer. One end of the air inlet pipe of the suction pump is connected to the inside of the through hole. One end of the air outlet pipe of the suction pump passes through the base and extends to the outer end of the base. A second filter is fixed on the inner side of the air outlet pipe of the suction pump. The suction pump is used to generate suction in the through hole to facilitate the collection of dust in the tunnel.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the infusion component includes a water pump, which is fixed on the inner side of the liquid storage cavity. One end of the water inlet pipe of the water pump is connected to the interior of the liquid storage cavity. One end of the water outlet pipe of the water pump passes through the base and the top plate in sequence and is connected to the interior of the water cavity. A liquid adding pipe is provided at the front end of the base, and the liquid adding pipe is connected to the liquid storage cavity. The water pump is used to transport water into the water cavity. After the water is sprayed out through the atomizing nozzle, it can have the effect of dust removal.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, an installation cavity is opened at the top of the through hole, and the driving assembly includes a motor, and the motor is fixed in the installation cavity. A screw is provided through the inside of the installation cavity, and both ends of the screw extend to the inner sides of two slide grooves. The outer wall of the screw and the top of the motor output shaft are both sleeved with bevel gears, and the two bevel gears are both arranged in the installation cavity and meshed with each other. The outer wall of the screw is processed with two threads in opposite directions, and the two thread blocks are both threadedly connected to the screw. The driving motor and the two bevel gears are used to drive the screw to rotate on the base. No manual operation is required, and the position of the two support plates is conveniently adjusted.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of sleeves are distributed in a linear array at the outer ends of the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate to enhance the shock absorption performance of the device.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a reinforcement plate is fixed at the center of the top of the base, and the reinforcement plate is integrally formed with the base. The bottom ends of the two top plates are in contact with the top of the reinforcement plate. The two top plates are close to each other and have multiple slots. The two top plates are plugged into each other, and the reinforcement plate can play a supporting role at the bottom of the two top plates.

[0014] The present invention also includes a construction method of a shock-absorbing device for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0015] Step 1: The staff first moves the device into the tunnel, and then uses the bevel gear on the motor to drive the bevel gear on the screw to rotate. The bevel gear drives the screw to rotate on the base, so that the two threaded blocks drive the two support plates to move relative to each other. The baffles on the two first mounting plates contact the inner wall of the tunnel. During the movement of the support plates, the top plate is driven to move, and the baffle on the second mounting plate contacts the inner wall of the tunnel top.

[0016] Step 2: When the two first mounting plates move away from each other, the breathable membranes on the two rotating shafts are pulled apart. The breathable membranes can filter out the dust generated by the blasting. When the two first mounting plates are adjusted to move closer together, the coil spring inside the breathable membrane rewinds around the rotating shaft due to elastic force, thereby driving the breathable membrane to rewind and be stored on the rotating shaft;

[0017] Step 3: Use a water pump to transfer the water in the liquid storage chamber to the water chambers in the two second mounting plates. The water is sprayed out through the atomizing nozzles at the front and rear ends of the second mounting plates to remove dust. At the same time, a suction pump is used to suck the dust. The suction pump generates suction in the through-hole, and the dust adhered by the mist is sucked into the drawer through the through-hole. After use, the staff pulls the drawer out of the through-hole and centrally processes the dust collected inside.

[0018] Step 4: After use, use the motor to drive the screw to rotate in the opposite direction to move the two support plates closer to each other, and then move the device out of the tunnel.

[0019] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. The present invention uses a driving assembly to adjust the two first mounting plates to move away from each other, and the breathable membranes on the two rotating shafts are pulled apart, playing a dust-proof role between the two first mounting plates. The breathable membrane filters the dust generated by the blasting, preventing the dust from being blown out of the tunnel and affecting the health of the workers. When the two first mounting plates are adjusted to move closer to each other, the coil spring drives the breathable membrane to be rewound around the rotating shaft for storage, and the two layers of breathable membrane are used to filter the dust, greatly improving the safety of the workers. The structure is simple, no manual operation is required, and it is more time-saving and labor-saving to use.

[0021] 2. The water in the liquid storage chamber is transported to the water chamber through a water pump, and the water is sprayed out through the atomizing nozzles at the front and rear ends of the second mounting plate. The mist contacts the dust generated by the blasting, increasing the weight of the dust and causing the dust to fall to the ground. At the same time, a suction pump is used to suck the dust. The suction pump generates suction in the through-hole, and the dust adhered to the mist is sucked from the through-hole into the drawer. The first filter screen blocks the dust in the drawer, which is convenient for subsequent centralized cleaning of the dust. The one-spray-one-suction method is used to quickly absorb the dust generated by the tunnel blasting, thereby improving the air quality in the tunnel and facilitating the subsequent construction operations of the staff.

[0022] 3. By using a motor and two bevel gears, the screw is driven to rotate and adjust the position of the two support plates. The baffles on the two first mounting plates are used to contact the inner wall of the tunnel, and the baffle on the second mounting plate is used to protect the inner wall of the tunnel top. Since the spring between the round rod and the sleeve is elastic, when the blasting generates vibration, the spring is deformed, and the elasticity generated by the deformation is used to offset the vibration, thereby achieving a shock absorption effect and preventing the shock wave from causing rupture of the inner wall of the tunnel. After use, the motor can be used to drive the screw to rotate in the opposite direction, and the baffles on the two second mounting plates can be disassembled to bring the two support plates and the two top plates closer to each other, reducing the volume of the device for easy transportation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the first mounting plate and round rod of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a first mounting plate of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified view of part A;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a top plate structure diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the mounting cavity of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the water cavity of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the round rod, spring and sleeve of the present invention.

[0032] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1. base; 2. slide groove; 3. threaded block; 4. support plate; 5. top plate; 6. first mounting plate; 7. second mounting plate; 8. baffle; 9. through hole; 10. breathable membrane; 11. coil spring; 12. rotating shaft; 13. sleeve; 14. round rod; 15. spring; 16. limit groove; 17. storage chamber; 18. water chamber; 19. atomizing nozzle; 20. liquid storage chamber; 21. bolt; 22. drawer; 23. suction pump; 24. first filter; 25. second filter; 26. water pump; 27. liquid adding pipe; 28. motor; 29. ​​mounting chamber; 30. screw; 31. bevel gear; 32. slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Refer to the instruction manual Figure 1 、 2 , 6, 7 and 9, a shock-absorbing device for blasting construction of a complex soft surrounding rock tunnel in this embodiment includes a base 1, with slide grooves 2 on both sides of the top of the base 1, and threaded blocks 3 on the inner sides of the two slide grooves 2. A driving assembly is provided between the two threaded blocks 3, and the driving assembly includes a motor 28, and a mounting cavity 29 is provided on the top of the through hole 9. The motor 28 is fixed in the mounting cavity 29, and a screw 30 is passed through the inner side of the mounting cavity 29. Both ends of the screw 30 extend to the inner sides of the two slide grooves 2, and the outer wall of the screw 30 and the top end of the output shaft of the motor 28 are sleeved with a bevel gear 31, and the two bevel gears 31 are both arranged in the mounting cavity 29 and meshed with each other. The outer wall of the screw 30 is processed with two threads in opposite directions, and the two threaded blocks 3 are threadedly connected to the screw 30. The driving motor 28 and the two bevel gears 31 are used to cooperate to drive the screw 30 to rotate on the base 1, without manual operation, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the position of the two support plates 4;

[0035] The top of the threaded block 3 is fixed with a support plate 4, and the tops of the two support plates 4 are fixed with a top plate 5. The outer sides of the two support plates 4 are provided with a first mounting plate 6, and the tops of the two top plates 5 are provided with a second mounting plate 7. The outer ends of the first mounting plate 6 and the second mounting plate 7 are provided with a baffle 8, and the first mounting plate 6 and the second mounting plate 7 are internally threaded with a plurality of bolts 21. The first mounting plate 6 and the second mounting plate 7 are fixedly connected to the plurality of baffles 8 by a plurality of bolts 21, and the baffles 8 are fixed with bolts 21, which are convenient for replacing baffles 8 of different shapes for use. A reinforcement plate is fixed at the center of the top of the base 1, and the reinforcement plate is integrally formed with the base 1, and the bottom ends of the two top plates 5 are in contact with the top ends of the reinforcement plates. The two top plates 5 are close to each other and are provided with a plurality of slots 32. The two top plates 5 are plugged into each other, and the use of a reinforcement plate at the bottom of the two top plates 5 can play a supporting role;

[0036] The top of the top plate 5 and the outer end of the support plate 4 are embedded with multiple shock-absorbing components, and each group of shock-absorbing components includes multiple sleeves 13, which are respectively embedded in the outer ends of the two support plates 4 and the top of the two top plates 5. A round rod 14 is movably provided on the inner side of the sleeve 13, and a spring 15 is fixed between the round rod 14 and the inner side of the sleeve 13. The elasticity of the spring 15 can offset the vibration generated by the blasting, thereby playing a shock-absorbing role inside the tunnel. The first mounting plate 6 and the second mounting plate 7 are respectively fixedly connected to the ends of the multiple round rods 14 away from the sleeve 13. The use of the round rod 14 to move in the sleeve 13 can guide the spring 15 to prevent the spring 15 from deflecting during the deformation process. The multiple sleeves 13 are distributed in a linear array at the outer ends of the first mounting plate 6 and the second mounting plate 7, thereby enhancing the shock-absorbing performance of the device.

[0037] The specific implementation scenario is as follows: when using this device, the staff first uses the bevel gear 31 on the motor 28 to drive the bevel gear 31 on the screw 30 to rotate, and the bevel gear 31 drives the screw 30 to rotate on the base 1, so that the two threaded blocks 3 drive the two support plates 4 to move relative to each other, and the baffles 8 on the two first mounting plates 6 contact the inner wall of the tunnel. The support plates 4 drive the top plates 5 to move during the movement, and the two top plates 5 move away from each other. After adjusting the position of the support plates 4, the staff then installs another baffle 8 on the two second mounting plates 7, and uses the baffle 8 on the second mounting plates 7 to protect the inner wall of the tunnel top. Since the spring 15 between the round rod 14 and the sleeve 13 is elastic, when the shock wave generated by the blasting flows to this device, the spring 15 is deformed. During the deformation process, the elasticity of the spring 15 can offset the vibration, thereby achieving a shock absorption effect and preventing the shock wave from causing rupture of the inner wall of the tunnel. After use, the motor 28 can be used to drive the screw 30 to rotate in the opposite direction to make the two support plates 4 close to each other, reducing the volume of the device for easy transportation.

[0038] Refer to the instruction manual Figure 3 、 4, 5, 6 and 8, a shock-absorbing device for blasting construction in a complex soft surrounding rock tunnel of this embodiment, two breathable membranes 10 are provided between the two first mounting plates 6, and the breathable membranes 10 are used to block dust to prevent dust from flowing in the tunnel and affecting the safety of the workers. The two breathable membranes 10 are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the first mounting plate 6, and a coil spring 11 is fixedly provided inside the breathable membrane 10. A rotating shaft 12 is fixedly provided at both ends of the coil spring 11 and the breathable membrane 10, and the breathable membrane 10 is wound around the rotating shaft 12 using the coil spring 11. , the automatic winding of the breathable membrane 10 can be realized. The front and rear ends of the two first mounting plates 6 are both provided with limiting grooves 16, and the inner side of the limiting grooves 16 is provided with a storage cavity 17. The storage cavities 17 at the front and rear ends of the two first mounting plates 6 are symmetrical one to one. The two rotating shafts 12 are movably arranged in the two symmetrical storage cavities 17 respectively. The two ends of the breathable membrane 10 pass through the two limiting grooves 16 and extend into the storage cavity 17. The limiting grooves 16 are used to guide the breathable membrane 10. After not in use, the breathable membrane 10 can be stored in the storage cavity 17.

[0039] The specific implementation scenario is as follows: when using the driving component to adjust the position of the two support plates 4, the two first mounting plates 6 move with the two support plates 4. When the two first mounting plates 6 move away from each other, the breathable membranes 10 on the two rotating shafts 12 are pulled open, and after being guided by the limiting grooves 16, they play a dust-proof role between the two first mounting plates 6. The breathable membrane 10 can filter out the dust generated by the blasting to prevent the dust from being blown out of the tunnel and affecting the health of the workers. When the two first mounting plates 6 are adjusted to be closer to each other, the coil spring 11 inside the breathable membrane 10 is rewound around the rotating shaft 12 due to the elastic force, thereby driving the breathable membrane 10 to be rewound around the rotating shaft 12 for storage. The two layers of breathable membrane 10 are used to filter the dust, which greatly improves the safety of the workers. The structure is simple, no manual operation is required, and it is more time-saving and labor-saving to use.

[0040] Refer to the instruction manual Figure 1 、 2, 3 and 7, a shock absorbing device for blasting construction of a complex soft surrounding rock tunnel in this embodiment, a through hole 9 is provided from top to bottom at the rear end of the base 1, the through hole 9 is arranged in an L shape, a dust collecting component is provided inside the through hole 9, two water cavities 18 symmetrically distributed front and back are provided inside the two top plates 5, two atomizing nozzles 19 are fixedly provided at the front and rear ends of the top plate 5, the atomizing nozzles 19 are connected to the inside of the water cavity 18, a liquid storage chamber 20 is provided inside the base 1, the liquid storage chamber 20 is arranged at the front side of the through hole 9, an infusion component is fixed in the liquid storage chamber 20, the dust collecting component includes a pump Drawer 22 and suction pump 23, the drawer 22 is slidably arranged on the inner side of the through hole 9, and a first filter 24 is embedded in the front end of the drawer 22. The first filter 24 can block the dust in the drawer 22, and the suction pump 23 is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the through hole 9 in front of the drawer 22. One end of the air inlet pipe of the suction pump 23 is connected with the inside of the through hole 9, and one end of the air outlet pipe of the suction pump 23 passes through the base 1 and extends to the outer end of the base 1. A second filter 25 is fixed on the inside of the air outlet pipe of the suction pump 23. The suction pump 23 is used to generate suction in the through hole 9 to facilitate the absorption of dust in the tunnel for collection;

[0041] The infusion assembly includes a water pump 26, which is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the liquid storage chamber 20. One end of the water inlet pipe of the water pump 26 is connected to the interior of the liquid storage chamber 20, and one end of the water outlet pipe of the water pump 26 passes through the base 1 and the top plate 5 in sequence and is connected to the interior of the water chamber 18. A liquid adding pipe 27 is provided at the front end of the base 1, and the liquid adding pipe 27 is connected to the liquid storage chamber 20. The water pump 26 is used to transport water into the water chamber 18. After the water is sprayed out through the atomizing nozzle 19, it can have the effect of dust removal.

[0042] The specific implementation scenario is as follows: when using the present device for shock absorption protection, a water pump 26 is used to transport the water in the liquid storage chamber 20 to the water chamber 18 in the two second mounting plates 7. The water is sprayed out through the atomizing nozzles 19 at the front and rear ends of the second mounting plate 7. The mist contacts the dust generated by the blasting, increases the weight of the dust, and causes the dust to fall to the ground. At the same time, a suction pump 23 is used for suction. The suction pump 23 generates suction in the through-hole 9, and the dust adhered to the mist is sucked into the drawer 22 from the through-hole 9. The first filter 24 inside the drawer 22 can block the dust in the drawer 22. The gas blown out by the suction pump 23 is ejected through the outlet pipe, and the second filter 25 inside the outlet pipe can filter the dust. The one-spray-one-suction method is used to quickly absorb the dust generated by the tunnel blasting, thereby improving the air quality in the tunnel and facilitating the subsequent construction operations of the staff. After use, the staff can pull the drawer 22 out of the through-hole 9 and centrally process the dust collected inside to reduce pollution to the environment.

[0043] Finally: The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shock-absorbing device for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: Both sides of the top of the base (1) are provided with a slide groove (2), the inner sides of the two slide grooves (2) are provided with a threaded block (3), a driving component is provided between the two threaded blocks (3), a support plate (4) is fixed on the top of the threaded block (3), a top plate (5) is fixed on the top of the two support plates (4), a plurality of shock absorbing components are embedded in the top of the top plate (5) and the outer ends of the support plates (4), a first mounting plate (6) is provided on the outer sides of the two support plates (4), a second mounting plate (7) is provided on the top of the two top plates (5), and the first mounting plate (6) and the outer ends of the second mounting plate (7) are both provided with baffles (8), the rear end of the base (1) is provided with a through hole (9) from top to bottom, the through hole (9) is arranged in an L shape, and a dust collection component is provided inside the through hole (9), two breathable membranes (10) are provided between the two first mounting plates (6), the two breathable membranes (10) are respectively provided at the front end and the rear end of the first mounting plate (6), a coil spring (11) is fixed inside the breathable membrane (10), and a rotating shaft (12) is fixed at both ends of the coil spring (11) and the breathable membrane (10); Each set of shock-absorbing components includes a plurality of sleeves (13), and the plurality of sleeves (13) are respectively embedded in the outer ends of the two support plates (4) and the top ends of the two top plates (5). A round rod (14) is movably provided inside the sleeve (13), and a spring (15) is fixed between the round rod (14) and the inner side of the sleeve (13). The first mounting plate (6) and the second mounting plate (7) are respectively fixedly connected to one end of the plurality of round rods (14) away from the sleeve (13).

2. The shock-absorbing device for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock according to claim 1 is characterized by: The two first mounting plates (6) are provided with limiting grooves (16) at both the front and rear ends, and a receiving cavity (17) is provided inside the limiting grooves (16). The receiving cavities (17) at the front and rear ends of the two first mounting plates (6) are symmetrical one to one, and the two rotating shafts (12) are movably arranged in the two symmetrical receiving cavities (17), respectively. The two ends of the breathable membrane (10) pass through the two limiting grooves (16) and extend into the receiving cavity (17).

3. The shock absorption device for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock according to claim 1 is characterized by: Two water cavities (18) symmetrically distributed front and back are provided inside the two top plates (5), two atomizing nozzles (19) are fixedly provided at both the front and rear ends of the top plates (5), and the atomizing nozzles (19) are connected to the inside of the water cavities (18). A liquid storage cavity (20) is provided inside the base (1), and the liquid storage cavity (20) is provided in front of the through hole (9). An infusion assembly is fixedly provided in the liquid storage cavity (20).

4. The shock-absorbing device for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock according to claim 1 is characterized by: The first mounting plate (6) and the second mounting plate (7) are internally threadedly connected with a plurality of bolts (21), and the first mounting plate (6) and the second mounting plate (7) are fixedly connected to the plurality of baffles (8) via the plurality of bolts (21).

5. The shock-absorbing device for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock according to claim 1 is characterized by: The dust collection assembly comprises a drawer (22) and a suction pump (23), wherein the drawer (22) is slidably arranged inside the through hole (9), and a first filter (24) is embedded in the front end of the drawer (22). The suction pump (23) is fixedly arranged inside the through hole (9) in front of the drawer (22), and one end of the air inlet pipe of the suction pump (23) is connected to the inside of the through hole (9), and one end of the air outlet pipe of the suction pump (23) passes through the base (1) and extends to the outer end of the base (1), and a second filter (25) is fixedly arranged inside the air outlet pipe of the suction pump (23).

6. The shock-absorbing device for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock according to claim 3 is characterized by: The infusion assembly includes a water pump (26), which is fixedly arranged inside the liquid storage cavity (20). One end of the water inlet pipe of the water pump (26) is connected to the inside of the liquid storage cavity (20), and one end of the water outlet pipe of the water pump (26) passes through the base (1) and the top plate (5) in sequence and is connected to the inside of the water cavity (18). A liquid adding pipe (27) is provided through the front end of the base (1), and the liquid adding pipe (27) is connected to the liquid storage cavity (20).

7. The shock-absorbing device for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock according to claim 6 is characterized by: The top of the through hole (9) is provided with a mounting cavity (29), and the drive assembly includes a motor (28), and the motor (28) is fixed in the mounting cavity (29). A screw (30) is provided through the inside of the mounting cavity (29), and both ends of the screw (30) extend to the inside of the two slide grooves (2). The outer wall of the screw (30) and the top of the output shaft of the motor (28) are both provided with bevel gears (31). The two bevel gears (31) are both provided in the mounting cavity (29) and meshed with each other. The outer wall of the screw (30) is processed with two threads in opposite directions, and the two thread blocks (3) are both threadedly connected to the screw (30).

8. The shock-absorbing device for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock according to claim 7 is characterized by: The plurality of sleeves (13) are distributed in a linear array at the outer ends of the first mounting plate (6) and the second mounting plate (7).

9. The shock-absorbing device for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock according to claim 8, characterized in that: A reinforcement plate is fixedly provided at the center of the top of the base (1), and the reinforcement plate and the base (1) are integrally formed. The bottom ends of the two top plates (5) are in contact with the top end of the reinforcement plate. The two top plates (5) are provided with a plurality of slots (32) at one end close to each other, and the two top plates (5) are plugged into each other.

10. A construction method for the shock-absorbing device for blasting construction of a tunnel with complex and weak surrounding rock according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows; Step 1: Use the bevel gear (31) on the motor (28) to drive the bevel gear (31) on the screw (30) to rotate, and the bevel gear (31) drives the screw (30) to rotate on the base (1), so that the two threaded blocks (3) drive the two support plates (4) to move relative to each other, and the baffles (8) on the two first mounting plates (6) contact the inner wall of the tunnel. During the movement, the support plates (4) drive the top plate (5) to move, and the baffle (8) on the second mounting plate (7) contacts the inner wall of the tunnel top; Step 2: When the two first mounting plates (6) are moved away from each other, the breathable membranes (10) on the two rotating shafts (12) are pulled apart, and the breathable membranes (10) can filter out the dust generated by the blasting. When the two first mounting plates (6) are adjusted to move closer to each other, the coil spring (11) inside the breathable membrane (10) is rewound around the rotating shaft (12) due to the elastic force, thereby driving the breathable membrane (10) to be rewound around the rotating shaft (12) and stored; Step 3: Use a water pump (26) to transport the water in the liquid storage chamber (20) to the water chambers (18) in the two second mounting plates (7). The water is sprayed out through the atomizing nozzles (19) at the front and rear ends of the second mounting plates (7) to remove dust. At the same time, a suction pump (23) is used to suck the water. The suction pump (23) generates suction in the through hole (9). The dust adhered by the mist is sucked from the through hole (9) into the drawer (22). After use, the staff pulls the drawer (22) out of the through hole (9) and centrally processes the dust collected inside. Step 4: After use, the motor (28) is used to drive the screw (30) to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the two support plates (4) are close to each other, and then the device is removed from the tunnel.

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