Methods and apparatus for paging procedure enhancements

Abstract

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications and, more particularly, to techniques for enhancing a paging procedure. A method that can be performed by a user equipment (UE) includes detecting, during a paging occasion (PO), at least one downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals, and enhancing processing of the paging message using the additional downlink signals.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Application No. 17 / 177,009, filed February 16, 2021, which claims benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 978,290, filed February 18, 2020, which are assigned to the assignee hereof and hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entirety as if fully set forth below and for all applicable purposes.

[0003] BACKGROUND

[0004] The disclosure

[0005] Aspects of the disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly to techniques for enhancing paging procedures.

[0006] Description of the related art

[0007] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, etc. These wireless communications systems can employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, or other resources). Multiple-access technologies can rely on one of code division, time division, frequency division, orthogonal frequency division, single-carrier frequency division, or time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, to name a few. These and other multiple-access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level.

[0008] Despite the tremendous technological advances in wireless communications systems over the years, challenges remain. For example, challenges can include performance degradation and high power consumption by a UE performing paging message processing in idle / inactive mode discontinuous reception (I-DRX). Thus, there is a need for further improvements in wireless communications systems to overcome various challenges.

[0009] SUMMARY

[0010] Certain aspects can be implemented in a method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE). The method generally includes detecting, during a paging occasion (PO), paging downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; and enhancing processing of the paging message using the additional downlink signals.

[0011] Certain aspects can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication by a UE. The apparatus can include a processing system including a memory including computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the processing system to detect, during a PO, a paging DCI indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; and enhance processing of the paging message using the additional downlink signals.

[0012] Certain aspects can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication by a UE. The apparatus can include means for detecting, during a PO, a paging DCI indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; and means for enhancing processing of the paging message using the additional downlink signals.

[0013] Certain aspects can be implemented in a non-transitory computer- readable medium for wireless communication by a UE. The non-transitory computer- readable medium can include computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a processing system, cause the processing system to detect, during a PO, a paging DCI indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; and enhance processing of the paging message using the additional downlink signals.

[0014] Certain aspects can be implemented in a computer program product for wireless communication by a UE implemented on a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can include code for detecting, during a PO, a paging DCI indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; and code for enhancing processing of the paging message using the additional downlink signals.

[0015] Certain aspects can be implemented in a method of wireless communication by a network entity. The method generally includes transmitting, to a UE during a PO, a paging DCI indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; transmitting the paging message; and transmitting the additional downlink signals in accordance with the indication.

[0016] Certain aspects can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication by a network entity. The apparatus can include a processing system including a memory including computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the processing system to transmit, to a UE during a PO, a paging DCI indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; transmit the paging message; and transmit the additional downlink signals in accordance with the indication.

[0017] Certain aspects can be implemented in an apparatus for wireless communication by a network entity. The apparatus can include means for transmitting, to a UE during a PO, paging DCI indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; means for transmitting the paging message; and means for transmitting the additional downlink signals in accordance with the indication.

[0018] Certain aspects can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium for wireless communication by a network entity. The non-transitory computer-readable medium can include computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a processing system, cause the processing system to: transmit, to a UE during a PO, paging DCI indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; transmit the paging message; and transmit the additional downlink signals in accordance with the indication.

[0019] Certain aspects can be implemented in a computer program product for wireless communication by a network entity implemented on a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can include code for transmitting, to a UE during a PO, paging DCI indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; code for transmitting the paging message; and code for transmitting the additional downlink signals in accordance with the indication.

[0020] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows can be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily utilized as bases for modifying or designing other for carrying the same purposes thereof. Such equivalent constructions not only follow from the scope of the claims but are intended to be encompassed thereby. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein both their organization and method of operation together with associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each figure is provided by way of explanation and is not to be construed as a limitation. The features and advantages of the concepts disclosed herein can be better understood with reference to the figures, wherein:

[0021] While aspects and embodiments are described in this application by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that additional implementations and use cases can come about in many different arrangements and scenarios. Innovations described herein can be implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems, form factors, and configurations. For example, embodiments and / or uses can come about in integrated chip embodiments, and other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples can or can not be specifically directed to use cases or applications, a wide assortment of applicability of described innovations can occur. Implementations can range from chip-level or modular components to non- modular, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or OEM devices or systems incorporating one or more aspects of the described innovations. In some practical settings, devices incorporating aspects and features described can also necessarily include additional components and features for implementation and practice of the claimed and described embodiments. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components, for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). It is intended that innovations described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution.

[0022] For purposes of illustration, the following description and drawings set forth certain illustrative features. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] In order that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description will be rendered by reference to certain aspects, some of which are set forth with illustration in the appended drawings. For example, certain aspects of the present disclosure are set forth in the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and the detailed description thereto are not necessarily to scale, as some aspects of the present disclosure can be directed to structure of a very small scale.

[0025] Figure 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example telecommunications system, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example logical architecture of a distributed radio access network (RAN), in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example physical architecture of a distributed RAN, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 4is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a design of an example base station (BS) and user equipment (UE), in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example for implementing a communication protocol stack, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 6 An example of a frame format for a new radio (NR) system is illustrated in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 7 An example operation for wireless communication by a user equipment is illustrated in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 8 An example operation for wireless communication by a network entity is illustrated in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 9 An example timeline for enhancing a paging procedure is illustrated in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 10 Communication devices that can include various components configured to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein are illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 11 Communication devices that can include various components configured to perform operations for the techniques disclosed herein are illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0036] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus, methods, processing systems, and computer readable media for enhancing a paging procedure.

[0038] In NR, cell-specific reference signal (CRS) resources can be assigned for connected mode discontinuous reception (DRX) UEs via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. For idle / inactive mode DRX (I-DRX) UEs, synchronization signal block (SSB) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) blocks can be used for channel tracking and cell search / reselection for paging. However, in LTE, the SSB density can be much lower than the CRS density, which can impact the paging performance and power consumption of NR.

[0039] For example, in some cases, the most recent SSB after a PO can be significantly later in time such that it impacts the UE’s performance and power consumption. Thus, in some cases, the UE can need to keep the RF components powered on during the time gap between the SSB and the PO. In some other cases, the UE can need to wake up multiple times to monitor for the SSB and the PO.

[0040] Additionally, UEs in idle / inactive mode can generally not have sufficient resources to maintain synchronization with a BS. For this reason, paging enhancements have been considered in advanced systems (e.g., NR Rel-17), including means for providing tracking reference signal or channel state information reference signal (TRS / CSI-RS) resources to idle / inactive mode UEs. More specifically, according to aspects of the present disclosure, an aperiodic TRS (A-TRS) or a repeated paging message can be indicated in a PO and can be used by a UE to enhance processing of the paging message.

[0041] Introduction to Wireless Communication Networks

[0042] Figure 1 An example wireless communication network 100 in which aspects of the present disclosure can be performed is illustrated. For example, the wireless communication network 100 can include one or more UEs 120 and one or more BSs 110 configured to participate in an enhanced paging procedure according to the operations 700 and 800 described below. Figure 7 And 8 of the present disclosure.

[0043] As Figure 1 The wireless network 100, as illustrated in

[0044] In general, any number of wireless networks can be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network can support a particular radio access technology (RAT) and can operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT can also be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, etc. A frequency can also be referred to as a carrier, a subcarrier, a frequency channel, a tone, a subband, etc. Each frequency can support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks can be deployed.

[0045] A BS can provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and / or other types of cell. A macro cell can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., 100s of meters in radius) and can allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions appropriate for the Figure 1 In the example shown in FIG. 1, the BSs 110a, 110b, and 110c can be macro BSs for the macro cells 102a, 102b, and 102c, respectively. The BS 110x can be a pico BS for a pico cell 102x. The BSs 110y and 110z can be femto BSs for the femto cells 102y and 102z, respectively. A BS can support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells.

[0046] Wireless communication network 100 can also include relay stations. A relay station is a station that receives a transmission of data and / or other information from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and sends a transmission of the data and / or other information to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station can also be a UE that relays transmissions for other UEs. Figure 1 In the example shown in FIG. 1, a relay station 11 Or can communicate with the BS 110a and a UE 120r in order to facilitate communications between the BS 110a and the UE 120r. A relay station can also be referred to as a relay BS, a relay, etc.

[0047] Wireless network 100 can be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs of different types, e.g., macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relays, etc. These different types of BSs can have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different impacts on interference in wireless network 100. For example, macro BSs can have a high transmit power level (e.g., 20 Watts) whereas pico BSs, femto BSs, and relays can have a lower transmit power level (e.g., 1 Watt).

[0048] Wireless communication network 100 can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the BSs can have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs can be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the BSs can have different frame timing, and transmissions from different BSs can not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein can be used for both synchronous and asynchronous operation.

[0049] Network controller 130 can couple to a set of BSs and provide coordination and control for these BSs. Network controller 130 can be in communication with the BSs 110 via a backhaul. The BSs 110 can also communicate with one another directly or indirectly via wireless or wireline backhaul.

[0050] The UEs 120 (e.g., 120x, 120y, etc.) can be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE can be stationary or mobile. A UE can also be referred to as a mobile station, a terminal, an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a station, a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), a cellular phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, an electric

[0051] Certain wireless networks (e.g., LTE) utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink (DL) and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink (UL). OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. In general, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM. The spacing of adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can be dependent on the system bandwidth. For example, the spacing of the adjacent subcarriers can be 15 kHz and the total number of subcarriers (K) can be 1200 for a system bandwidth of 20 megahertz (MHz). Thus, the nominal Fast Fourier Transfer (FFT) size can be equal to 128. The system bandwidth can also be partitioned into sub-bands. For example, a sub-band can cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks (RBs)), and there can be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 sub-bands for a system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, respectively.

[0052] While aspects of the examples described herein can be associated with LTE technologies, aspects of the present disclosure can be applicable with other wireless communications systems, such as NR. NR can utilize OFDM with a CP on the UL and DL, and include support for half-duplex operation using TDD. Beamforming can be supported and beam direction can be dynamically configured. MIMO transmissions with precoding can also be supported. MIMO configurations in the DL can support up to 8 transmit antennas (multi-layer downlink transmission with up to 8 streams) and up to 2 streams per UE. Multi-layer transmissions with up to 2 streams per UE can be supported. Aggregation of multiple cells can be supported with up to 8 serving cells.

[0053] In some examples, access to an air interface can be scheduled, where a scheduling entity (e.g., a BS) allocates resources for communication among some or all devices and equipment within its service area or cell. The scheduling entity can be responsible for scheduling, assigning, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more subordinate entities. That is, for scheduled communication, subordinate entities utilize resources allocated by the scheduling entity. A BS is not the only entity that can function as a scheduling entity. In some examples, a UE can function as a scheduling entity and can schedule resources for one or more subordinate entities, such as one or more other UEs, and the other UEs can utilize the resources scheduled by the UE. In some examples, a UE can act as a scheduling entity in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network and / or in a mesh network. In a mesh networking example, UEs can communicate directly with one another in addition to communicating with a scheduling entity.

[0054] In Figure 1 , a solid line with double arrows indicates desired transmissions between a UE and a serving BS, which is a BS selected by the UE to serve the UE in DL and / or UL. A finely dashed line with double arrows indicates interfering transmissions between a UE and a BS.

[0055] Figure 2 An example logical architecture of a distributed radio access network (RAN) 200 is illustrated, which can be implemented in the wireless communication network 100 illustrated in Figure 1 . A 5G access node 206 can include an access node controller (ANC) 202. The ANC 202 can be a central unit (CU) of the distributed RAN 200. The backhaul interface to the next generation core network (NG-CN) 204 can terminate at the ANC 202. The backhaul interface to neighboring next generation access nodes (NG-ANs) 210 can terminate at the ANC 202. The ANC 202 can include one or more TRPs 208 (e.g., cells, BSs, gNBs, etc.).

[0056] The TRPs 208 can be distributed units (DUs). The TRPs 208 can be connected to a single ANC (e.g., the ANC 202) or more than one ANC (not illustrated). For example, for RAN sharing, radio as a service (RaaS), and service specific AND deployments, the TRPs 208 can be connected to more than one ANC. The TRPs 208 can each include one or more antenna ports. The TRPs 208 can be configured to individually (e.g., dynamic selection) or jointly (e.g., joint transmission) serve traffic to a UE.

[0057] The logical architecture of the distributed RAN 200 can support fronthaul schemes across different deployment types. For example, the logical architecture can be based on transmit network capabilities (e.g., bandwidth, latency, and / or jitter).

[0058] The logical architecture of distributed RAN 200 can share features and / or components with LTE. For example, the next generation access node (NG-AN) 210 can support dual connectivity with NR and can share a common fronthaul for LTE and NR.

[0059] The logical architecture of distributed RAN 200 can enable cooperation between and among TRPs 208, for example, within a TRP and / or across TRPs via ANC 202. An inter-TRP interface can not be used.

[0060] Logical functions can be dynamically distributed in the logical architecture of distributed RAN 200. As will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and a physical (PHY) layer can be adaptably placed at the DU (e.g., TRP 208) or CU (e.g., ANC 202). Figure 5 As will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and a physical (PHY) layer can be adaptably placed at the DU (e.g., TRP 208) or CU (e.g., ANC 202).

[0061] Figure 3 An example physical architecture of a distributed RAN 300 is illustrated. A centralized core network unit (C-CU) 302 can host core network functions. The C-CU 302 can be centrally deployed. C-CU 302 functionality can be offloaded (e.g., to advanced wireless services (AWS)), in an effort to handle peak capacity.

[0062] A centralized RAN unit (C-RU) 304 can host one or more ANC functions. Optionally, the C-RU 304 can host core network functions locally. The C-RU 304 can have a distributed deployment. The C-RU 304 can be close to the network edge.

[0063] A DU 306 can host one or more TRPs (edge node (EN), edge unit (EU), radio head (RH), smart radio head (SRH), etc.). The DU can be located at edges of the network with radio frequency (RF) functionality.

[0064] Figure 4 Example components of the BS 110 and UE 120 (as depicted in wireless communication network 110 of FIG. 1) that can be employed in implementing aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated. For example, antenna 452, processors 466, 458, 464, and / or controller / processor 480 of the UE 120 can be used to perform or assist with any of the processes for the techniques described herein (e.g., any of the processes depicted in FIG. 4, and / or any other processes as taught herein). Figure 1 Figure 7 ​The operations 700 of the UE 120 and / or the antennas 434, the processors 420, 430, 438, and / or the controller / processor 440 of the BS 110 can be used to perform (or assist a processing system in) the operations 800. Figure 8

[0065] At the BS 110, a transmit processor 420 can receive data from a data source 412 and control information from a controller / processor 440. The control information can be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH), physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH), etc. The data can be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), etc. The processor 420 can process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The processor 420 can also generate reference symbols, e.g., for the primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and cell-specific reference signal (CRS). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 430 can perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and can provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) 432a through 432t. Each modulator 432 can process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator can further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a DL signal. DL signals from modulators 432a through 432t can be transmitted via the antennas 434a through 434t, respectively.

[0066] At the UE 120, the antennas 452a through 452r can receive the DL signals from the BS 110 and can provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 454a through 454r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 454a through 454r can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator can further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 456 can obtain received symbols from all the demodulators in the transceivers 454a through 454r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 458 can process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 460, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 480.

[0067] ​On the UL, at the UE 120, a transmit processor 464 can receive and process data (e.g., for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)) from a data source 462 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)) from the controller / processor 480. The transmit processor 464 can also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (RS) (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS)). The symbols from the transmit processor 464 can be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 466 if applicable, further processed by the demodulators in transceivers 454a through 454r (e.g., for SC-FDM, etc.), and transmitted to the BS 110. At the BS 110, the UL signals from the UE 120 can be received by the antennas 434, processed by the modulators 432, detected by a MIMO detector 436 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 438 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE 120. The receive processor 438 can provide the decoded data to a data sink 439 and to the controller / processor 440.

[0068] The controllers / processors 440 and 480 can direct the operation at the BS 110 and the UE 120, respectively. The processor 440 and / or other processors and modules at the BS 110 can perform or direct the execution of processes for the techniques described herein. The memories 442 and 482 can store data and program codes for BS 110 and UE 120, respectively. A scheduler 444 can schedule UEs for data transmission on the DL and / or the UL.

[0069] Figure 5 An example diagram 500 is illustrated showing an example for implementing a communication protocol stack in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The illustrated communication protocol stack can be implemented by a device operating in a wireless communication system, such as a 5G system (e.g., a system supporting uplink-based mobility). The diagram 500 illustrates a communication protocol stack including an RRC layer 510, a PDCP layer 515, an RLC layer 520, a MAC layer 525, and a PHY layer 530. In various examples, these layers of the protocol stack can be implemented as separate software modules, portions of a processor or ASIC, portions of non-co-located devices connected by a communication link, or various combinations thereof. Co-located and non-co-located implementations can be used, for example, in a protocol stack for a network access device (e.g., an AN, a CU, and / or a DU) or a UE.

[0070] A first option 505-a shows a split implementation of the protocol stack, where the implementation of the protocol stack is split between a centralized network access device (e.g., an ANC 202 in Figure 2 a distributed network access device (e.g., a DU 204 in Figure 2split between the central unit and the distributed unit (e.g., between the CU 202 and the DUs 208 in FIG. 2). In a first option 505-a, the RRC layer 510 and the PDCP layer 515 can be implemented by the central unit, while the RLC layer 520, the MAC layer 525, and the PHY layer 530 can be implemented by the DUs. In various examples, the CU and the DUs can be co-located or non-co-located. The first option 505-a can be useful in macrocell, microcell, or pico cell deployments.

[0071] A second option 505-b illustrates a unified implementation of the protocol stack, where the protocol stack is implemented in a single network access device. In the second option, the RRC layer 510, the PDCP layer 515, the RLC layer 520, the MAC layer 525, and the PHY layer 530 can each be implemented by the AN. The second option 505-b can be useful in, for example, femto cell deployments.

[0072] Regardless of whether the network access device implements part or all of the protocol stack, the UE can implement the entire protocol stack (e.g., the RRC layer 510, the PDCP layer 515, the RLC layer 520, the MAC layer 525, and the PHY layer 530) as shown in 505-c.

[0073] In LTE, the basic transmission time interval (TTI) or packet duration is 1 ms subframe. In NR, a subframe is still 1 ms, but the basic TTI is referred to as a slot. A subframe contains a variable number of slots (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 … slots) depending on subcarrier spacing (SCS). An NR RB is 12 consecutive frequency subcarriers. NR can support a base SCS of 15 KHz, and other SCS can be defined with respect to the base SCS, such as 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, 240 kHz, etc. The symbol and slot lengths scale with the SCS. The CP length also depends on the SCS.

[0074] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame format 600 for NR. The transmission timeline for each of the DL and the UL can be partitioned into units of radio frames. Each radio frame can have a predetermined duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds) and can be partitioned into 10 subframes with indices 0 through 9, each subframe being 1 millisecond. Each subframe can include a variable number of slot, depending on the subcarrier spacing. Each slot can include a variable number of symbol periods (e.g., 7 or 14 symbol periods), depending on the SCS. Symbol periods in each slot can be assigned indices. A mini-slot (which can be referred to as a sub-slot structure) refers to a transmission time interval having a duration less than a slot (e.g., 2, 3, or 4 symbol periods).

[0075] Each symbol in a slot can indicate a link direction (e.g., DL, UL, or flexible) for data transmission, and the link direction for each subframe can be dynamically switched. The link direction can be based on a slot format. Each slot can include DL / UL data as well as DL / UL control information.

[0076] In NR, a synchronization signal block (SSB) is transmitted. The SSB includes a PSS, a SSS, and a two symbol PBCH. The SSB can be transmitted in a fixed slot location, such as the first slot of the first subframe of a radio frame, as shown in symbols 0-3 of FIG. 2. The PSS and SSS can be used by UEs to Figure 6 acquire the timing and frequency offsets of a serving cell. The PBCH carries some basic system information, such as downlink system bandwidth, timing information within radio frame, SS burst set periodicity, system frame number, etc. The SSBs can be organized into synchronization signal (SS) bursts to support beam sweeping. Further system information, such as remaining minimum system information (RMSI), system information blocks (SIBs), other system information (OSI), etc., can be transmitted on the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) in certain subframes. The SSBs can be transmitted up to 64 times, for example, in up to 64 different beam directions for mmW. The up to 64 transmissions of the SSBs are referred to as a SS burst set.

[0077] In some cases, two or more subordinate entities (e.g., UEs) can communicate with each other using sidelink signals. Real-world applications of such sidelink communications can include public safety, proximity services, UE-to-network relaying, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, Internet of Everything (IoE) communications, IoT communications, mission-critical mesh, and / or various other suitable applications. Generally, a sidelink signal can refer to a signal communicated from one subordinate entity (e.g., UE1) to another subordinate entity (e.g., UE2) without relaying that communication through the scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS), even though the scheduling entity can be utilized for scheduling and / or control purposes. In some examples, sidelink signals can be communicated using a licensed spectrum (unlike wireless local area networks, which typically use an unlicensed spectrum).

[0078] A UE can operate in various radio resource configurations, including configurations associated with transmitting pilots using a dedicated set of resources (e.g., an RRC dedicated state, etc.) or configurations associated with transmitting pilots using a common set of resources (e.g., an RRC common state, etc.). When operating in the RRC dedicated state, the UE can select the dedicated set of resources for transmitting a pilot signal to a network. When operating in the RRC common state, the UE can select the common set of resources for transmitting a pilot signal to the network. In either case, a pilot signal transmitted by a UE can be received by one or more network access devices, such as an AN, or a DU, or portions thereof. Each receiving network access device can be configured to receive and measure the pilot signals transmitted on the common set of resources, and also receive and measure the pilot signals transmitted on dedicated sets of resources allocated to the UEs for which the network access device is a member of a monitoring set of network access devices for the UE. One or more receiving network access devices, or a CU to which receiving network access devices transmit measurements of the pilot signals, can use the measurements to identify serving cells for the UEs, or to initiate a change in serving cell for one or more UEs.

[0079] Example idle mode discontinuous reception (I-DRX) using wake-up signal

[0080] Power saving techniques, such as discontinuous reception (DRX) mode, can allow a wireless node, such as a UE, to enter a low power mode for durations when the wireless node is not transmitting and / or receiving, and to exit the low power mode for durations when the wireless node is monitoring for and / or sending transmissions. For example, a power saving configuration can allow a wireless node to power down one or more radio frequency (RF) components, including baseband processing components, RF RX front-end components (e.g., referred to as receive (RX) chains), and RF TX front-end components (e.g., referred to as transmit (TX) chains), when the one or more RF components are not in use to conserve power.

[0081] A UE can be configured with DRX functionality that controls the UE’s physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring activity. Two types of DRX procedures can be used for RRC_Idle or RRC_Connected states. When the UE is in idle mode, the UE can reduce power consumption by powering down some RF components per paging cycle and monitor PDCCH paging occasions (POs). Thus, I-DRX can be generally referred to as a paging cycle.

[0082] When a UE is configured with I-DRX (e.g., paging mechanism), the UE can cycle between ON (on) periods (e.g., ON durations) and OFF (off) periods (e.g., OFF durations) based on the configured cycle. When the UE is in a DRX OFF duration, the UE can remain in a so-called low-power (sleep) state and stop monitoring transmissions (e.g., PDCCH on an access link). During the OFF duration, the UE can not be expected to transmit and / or receive any signals.

[0083] Additionally, the UE can periodically wake up during a DRX ON duration, power up RF components to monitor PDCCH for a paging occasion (PO). A PO generally refers to an interval (e.g., subframe) in which a UE can be paged via a PDCCH with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a paging radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI) indicating a subsequent paging message. One paging frame (PF) is one radio frame, which can contain one or more paging occasions. When using DRX, a UE only needs to monitor one PO per DRX cycle.

[0084] In the case where the PDCCH indicates that a paging message is transmitted on PDSCH in a subframe, the UE can need to demodulate the PDSCH to determine whether the paging message is intended for the UE. In the case where the paging message is not intended for the UE, the UE can power down the RF components again.

[0085] Example enhanced paging procedures in NR

[0086] As described above, in some scenarios, a UE can be able to power down certain RF components and wake up (power up RF components) during a PO to monitor PDCCH transmissions.

[0087] For example, during idle (LTE / NR) or inactive (NR) mode operation, a UE can monitor a paging channel to receive a paging message from a BS (eNB / gNB). If the UE is to be paged, the BS can send a PDCCH (downlink control information (DCI) with a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) scrambled by a paging radio network temporary identifier or P-RNTI) and a corresponding physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) (e.g., paging message).

[0088] The P-RNTI can be common to all UEs, while the actual identity of the UE being paged (e.g., international mobile subscriber identity or IMSI) can be included in the paging message. Thus, the UE can need to successfully decode the paging message to determine whether it is being paged.

[0089] LTE has a common RS (cell-specific reference signal or CRS) that a UE can monitor to maintain timing synchronization (channel tracking), unlike LTE, NR does not have such a common RS. Instead, in NR, a connected mode UE can be assigned dedicated (UE-specific) RS resources via RRC signaling. For idle / inactive mode UEs, the synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block can be used for channel tracking and cell search / reselection for paging.

[0090] However, in LTE, the SSB density can be much lower than the CRS density. Thus, the paging performance and power consumption of NR can be impacted. In some cases, the nearest SSB can be far away from the PO (e.g., significantly later in time, impacting the performance and power consumption of the UE). Thus, the UE can need to stay on (RF component powered up) during the time gap between the SSB and the PO, or the UE can need to wake up multiple times separately to monitor the SSB and the PO.

[0091] Unfortunately, a UE in idle / inactive mode can typically not have sufficient resources to maintain synchronization with the BS. Thus, paging enhancements have been considered in advanced systems (e.g., NR Rel-17). For example, such enhancements can include means for providing tracking reference signal or channel state information reference signal (TRS / CSI-RS) resources to idle / inactive mode UEs.

[0092] TRS / CSI-RS resources can be shared between connected and idle / inactive mode UEs. In addition to or instead of SSBs, idle / inactive mode UEs can use TRS / CSI-RS resources to reduce the power consumption of paging channel monitoring. By positioning the TRS / CSI-RS near the PO, the total wake-up duration (and / or the number of wake-up occasions) of the UE can be reduced. However, with this approach, the periodic TRS / CSI-RS configuration for idle / inactive mode UEs can be resource intensive. As an example, the periodic TRS / CSI-RS can be transmitted all the time regardless of actual paging, which can be wasteful without connected mode UEs sharing the same TRS / CSI-RS.

[0093] Furthermore, in certain frequency ranges (e.g., frequency range 2 (FR2) including frequency bands from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz), the paging message can be repeatedly transmitted on different beams. In this case, configuring separate TRS / CSI-RS for all beams can require a considerable amount of resources.

[0094] In some cases, to reduce pressure on resources, aperiodic TRS / CSI-RS (A-TRS / CSI-RS) for idle / inactive mode UEs can be considered. In a regular system, aperiodic TRS / CSI-RS can be triggered only when needed (e.g., when there is an actual page). Unfortunately, aperiodic TRS / CSI-RS can only support connected mode UEs, and there is currently no available means to trigger A-TRS / CSI-RS for idle mode UEs.

[0095] However, aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques that can allow for enhanced paging procedures. As will be described in greater detail, additional signals (e.g., A-TRS or repeated paging messages) can be indicated in a PO. The UEs can use these additional signals to enhance processing of the paging message.

[0096] Figure 7 Example operations 700 are illustrated that enable wireless communication by a UE. For example, operations 700 can be performed by a UE as part of enhancing a paging procedure, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Operations 700 can be implemented as software components that are run or executed on one or more processors (e.g., controller / processor 480 of FIG. 4 of the base station 110). Figure 4 Moreover, signal transmission and reception by the UE in operations 700 can be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antennas 452 of FIG. 4 of the base station 110). In certain aspects, signal transmission and / or reception by the UE can be implemented via a bus interface of one or more processors (e.g., controller / processor 480 of FIG. 4 of the base station 110) obtaining and / or outputting signals. Figure 4 Figure 4 Moreover, signal transmission and reception by the UE in operations 700 can be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antennas 452 of FIG. 4 of the base station 110). In certain aspects, signal transmission and / or reception by the UE can be implemented via a bus interface of one or more processors (e.g., controller / processor 480 of FIG. 4 of the base station 110) obtaining and / or outputting signals.

[0097] Operations 700 begin, at 702, when the UE detects, during a PO, at least one DCI indicating a paging message and an additional downlink (DL) signal. At 704, the UE uses the additional DL signal to enhance processing of the paging message.

[0098] Figure 8 Example operations 800 are illustrated that enable wireless communication by a network entity, which can be considered complementary to operations 700. For example, operations 800 can be performed by a network entity (e.g., a BS) to page a UE performing operations 700. Operations 800 can be implemented as software components that are run or executed on one or more processors (e.g., controller / processor 440 of FIG. 4 of the base station 110). Figure 7 Moreover, signal transmission and reception by the network entity in operations 800 can be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antennas 452 of FIG. 4 of the base station 110). In certain aspects, signal transmission and / or reception by the network entity can be implemented via a bus interface of one or more processors (e.g., controller / processor 440 of FIG. 4 of the base station 110) obtaining and / or outputting signals. Figure 7 Figure 4 Moreover, signal transmission and reception by the network entity in operations 800 can be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas (e.g., antennas 452 of FIG. 4 of the base station 110). In certain aspects, signal transmission and / or reception by the network entity can be implemented via a bus interface of one or more processors (e.g., controller / processor 440 of FIG. 4 of the base station 110) obtaining and / or outputting signals. Figure 4 ​​implemented. In certain aspects, the signal transmission and / or reception by the network entity can be achieved via one or more processors (e.g., processors 280, 310, 350, 430, 440) under the control of the network entity's controller / processor 270, 320, 360, 450, 460 in combination with one or more antennas 252, 334, 376, 434. Figure 4 implemented. In certain aspects, the signal transmission and / or reception by the network entity can be achieved via one or more processors (e.g., processors 280, 310, 350, 430, 440) under the control of the network entity's controller / processor 270, 320, 360, 450, 460 in combination with one or more antennas 252, 334, 376, 434.

[0099] Operations 800 begin, at 802, by transmitting, to a UE during a PO, a paging DCI indicating a paging message and an additional DL signal. At 804, the network entity transmits the paging message. At 806, the network entity transmits the additional DL signal in accordance with the indication.

[0100] In some cases, the paging DCI or a separate DCI can indicate the additional tracking resources (e.g., A-TRS). In some cases, the paging DCI (i.e., PDCCH with CRC scrambled by P-RNTI) can trigger the A-TRS. For example, a reserved bit (or field) in the existing paging DCI (DCI format 1 0) can be used. In one example, the “short message” field can have 8 bits, where currently (in Rel-15 / 16) only 2 bits out of 8 bits are used, while the other 6 bits are reserved. These reserved bits can be used to indicate the A-TRS.

[0101] As an alternative, a new DCI format or RNTI can be defined (e.g., for UEs only in Rel-17+). In some cases, in addition to the traditional paging DCI (which can continue to be used for indicating the paging message), such new DCI format can be used only for A-TRS triggering. A PDCCH similar to “short message” can be used. In other cases, the new DCI format can include both the paging DCI and the A-TRS triggering information.

[0102] In some cases, one or more fields for A-TRS indication can include an index of the A-TRS resource (which can be predetermined or pre-configured). In some cases, one or more fields for A-TRS indication can include a triggering offset (e.g., as a time gap between the DCI and the A-TRS).

[0103] The triggered A-TRS can be located in the same slot as the paging message (e.g., PDSCH) or after the slot of the paging message. If the A-TRS and the paging message are located in the same slot, the UE can perform rate matching around the A-TRS for the paging message.

[0104] In some cases, as an alternative or in addition to indicating an A-TRS, the paging DCI (or a separate DCI) can indicate that the same paging signal (PDCCH and / or PDSCH (e.g., paging message) carrying the DCI) can be repeated. For example, the same paging PDCCH / PDSCH can be repeated, enabling the UE to use repetition of the PDCCH or paging message (e.g., the UE can use multiple lookups on the same signal) for timing synchronization and performance improvement (e.g., by combining).

[0105] In some cases, the repeated paging PDCCH / PDSCH can be contiguous. In some cases, the repeated paging PDCCH / PDSCH can be offset (e.g., spaced apart by an offset) from a previous paging signal. In such cases, the paging DCI (or other DCI) can indicate the offset and / or the number of repetitions.

[0106] Depending on the implementation, either an A-TRS or a repetition-based enhanced paging procedure can be implemented. In some cases, a combination of both an A-TRS and a repetition-based enhanced paging procedure can be implemented.

[0107] Figure 9 Example timelines for enhanced paging procedures in accordance with aspects of the disclosure are illustrated. As shown, a UE can monitor a PO during an idle / inactive mode operation for a PDCCH with a CRC scrambled by a P-RNTI. The PDCCH with the CRC scrambled by the P-RNTI can indicate a paging message (e.g., PDSCH). As shown, the PDCCH can also indicate an additional signal, such as an A-TRS or a repeated paging signal (e.g., PDCCH / PDSCH). Figure 9

[0108] In some implementations, the UE can perform offline processing of the paging signal (e.g., PDCCH and PDSCH in Figure 9 For example, the UE can wake up (and power up RF front end (RFFE) components) at the start of the PO, buffer received signals (RX signals) during the PO, and then power down the RFFE components. The UE can then perform offline processing (with the RFFE components powered down) of the buffered RX signals to determine whether the UE has been paged.

[0109] When an A-TRS is indicated in the paging DCI, the UE can first process the paging DCI portion of the buffered data (RX signals). Since the DCI (PDCCH carrying the DCI) is fairly robust to synchronization errors, the DCI can be successfully decoded without the aid of the A-TRS.

[0110] ​If the UE detects an A-TRS trigger in the DCI, the UE can power up the RFFE components at the indicated occasion to receive the A-TRS. The UE can resume the fine synchronization with the A-TRS, then return to the buffered data and process the paging message (PDSCH). Improved timing (e.g., fast Fourier transform (FFT) window timing) and frequency information can be used for improved performance.

[0111] In the case of paging signal repetition, the UE can again first process the buffered data of the paging DCI portion. If the UE detects a repetition indication in the DCI, the UE can power up the RFFE components at the indicated repetition occasion. When the repetition is received, the UE can apply a different RFFE configuration (e.g., the UE can change the automatic gain control (AGC) gain, RX beam, etc.). The UE can buffer the repeated paging signal (PDCCH / PDSCH) and perform offline processing. For example, the UE can perform combining and / or selection (e.g., select the repetition with the best decoding metric). Alternatively, the UE can compute the phase difference between the two repetitions that can be used for fine frequency synchronization.

[0112] Example wireless communication device

[0113] Figure 10 A communications device 1000 is illustrated that can include various components (e.g., corresponding to means-plus-function components) configured to perform the operations Figure 7 illustrated in FIG. 7.

[0114] The communications device 1000 includes a processing system 1002 coupled to a transceiver 1008 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver). The transceiver 1008 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1000 via an antenna 1010, such as the various signals as described herein. The processing system 1002 can be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1000, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1000.

[0115] The processing system 1002 includes a processor 1004 coupled to a computer- readable medium / memory 1012 via a bus 1006. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1012 is configured to store instructions that, when executed by the processor 1004, cause the processor 1004 to perform Figure 7 the operations 700 illustrated in FIG. 7, or other operations for performing the various techniques discussed herein (e.g., computer-executable code). In some cases, the processor 1004 can include means for performing any of the operations 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 illustrated in FIGs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, respectively. In some cases, the processor 1004 can include means for performing any of the operations 700 illustrated in FIG. 7, or other operations for performing the various techniques discussed herein (e.g., computer-executable code). Figure 4one or more components of the UE 120, such as, for example, the controller / processor 480, the transmit processor 464, the receive processor 458, and / or the like. Additionally, in some cases, the computer-readable medium 1012 can include the instructions 1014 for detecting and the instructions 1016 for using, which can be executed by the one or more components of the UE 120, such as, for example, the controller / processor 480, the transmit processor 464, the receive processor 458, and / or the like. Figure 4 one or more components of the UE 120, such as, for example, the memory 482, and / or the like.

[0116] In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1012 stores instructions 1014 for detecting and instructions 1016 for using.

[0117] In some cases, the instructions 1014 for detecting can include instructions to detect, during a paging occasion (PO), at least one downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals.

[0118] In some cases, the instructions 1016 for using can include instructions to use the additional downlink signals to enhance processing of the paging message.

[0119] In certain aspects, the processor 1004 has circuitry configured to implement the instructions 1014 for detecting and the instructions 1016 for using stored in the computer- readable medium / memory 1012. The processor 1004 includes, for example, circuitry 1024 for detecting and circuitry 1026 for using.

[0120] In some cases, the circuitry 1024 for detecting can include circuitry to detect, during a paging occasion (PO), at least one downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals.

[0121] In some cases, the circuitry 1026 for using can include circuitry to use the additional downlink signals to enhance processing of the paging message.

[0122] In some cases, Figure 7 The operations as illustrated in FIG. 13, and other operations described herein, can be implemented by one or more apparatuses and / or functional means. For example, in some cases, such operations can be implemented by an apparatus for detecting and an apparatus for using.

[0123] In some cases, the apparatus for detecting and the apparatus for using include a processing system, which can include one or more processors, such as Figure 4 the receive processor 458, the transmit processor 464, the TX MIMO processor 466, and / or the controller / processor 480 of the UE 120 as illustrated in FIG. 4, and / or Figure 10 the processing system 1002 of the communications device 1000 in FIG. 10.

[0124] Figure 11 A communications device 1100 that includes various components (e.g., corresponding to means-plus-function components) configured to perform the operations 800, as illustrated in FIG. 8, of the techniques disclosed herein is described. Figure 8 A communications device 1100 that includes various components (e.g., corresponding to means-plus-function components) configured to perform the operations 800, as illustrated in FIG. 8, of the techniques disclosed herein is described.

[0125] The communications device 1100 includes a processing system 1102 coupled to a transceiver 1108 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver). The transceiver 1108 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1100 via an antenna 1110, such as the various signals as described herein. The processing system 1102 can be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1100, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1100.

[0126] The processing system 1102 includes a processor 1104 coupled to a computer- readable medium / memory 1112 via a bus 1106. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1112 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that, when executed by the processor 1104, cause the processor 1104 to perform Figure 8 the operations 800 illustrated in FIG. 8, or other operations for performing the various techniques discussed herein. In some cases, the processor 1104 can include one or more components of the BS 110 described with reference to FIG. 4, such as, for example, the controller / processor 440, transmit processor 420, receive processor 438, etc. Additionally, in some cases, the computer-readable medium / memory 1112 can include one or more components of the BS 110 described with reference to FIG. 4, such as, for example, the memory 442, etc. Figure 4 the operations 800 illustrated in FIG. 8, or other operations for performing the various techniques discussed herein. In some cases, the processor 1104 can include one or more components of the BS 110 described with reference to FIG. 4, such as, for example, the controller / processor 440, transmit processor 420, receive processor 438, etc. Additionally, in some cases, the computer-readable medium / memory 1112 can include one or more components of the BS 110 described with reference to FIG. 4, such as, for example, the memory 442, etc. Figure 4 the operations 800 illustrated in FIG. 8, or other operations for performing the various techniques discussed herein. In some cases, the processor 1104 can include one or more components of the BS 110 described with reference to FIG. 4, such as, for example, the controller / processor 440, transmit processor 420, receive processor 438, etc. Additionally, in some cases, the computer-readable medium / memory 1112 can include one or more components of the BS 110 described with reference to FIG. 4, such as, for example, the memory 442, etc.

[0127] In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1112 stores code for transmitting 1114, code for transmitting 1116, and code for transmitting 1118.

[0128] In some cases, the code for transmitting 1114 can include code for transmitting, to a UE during a PO, a paging DCI indicating a paging message and an additional downlink signal.

[0129] In some cases, the code for transmitting 1116 can include code for transmitting a paging message.

[0130] In some cases, the code for transmitting 1118 can include code for transmitting the additional downlink signal in accordance with the indication.

[0131] In certain aspects, the processor 1104 has circuitry configured to implement code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1112. For example, the processor 1104 includes circuitry for transmitting 1124; circuitry for transmitting 1126; and circuitry for transmitting 1128.

[0132] In some cases, the circuitry for transmitting 1124 can include code for transmitting, to a UE during a paging occasion (PO), a paging DCI indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals.

[0133] In some cases, the circuitry for transmitting 1126 can include code for transmitting the paging message.

[0134] In some cases, the circuitry for transmitting 1128 can include code for transmitting the additional downlink signals according to the indication.

[0135] In some cases, Figure 8 The operations illustrated in FIG. 13, and other operations described herein, can be implemented by a processing system, a processor, or processors, such as the processor 1104. For example, in some aspects, such operations can be implemented by a means for transmitting (or a means for outputting for transmission).

[0136] In some cases, the means for transmitting (or the means for outputting for transmission) includes Figure 4 The transmitter and / or the antenna 434 or the BS 110 and / or the circuitry 1124, 1126, and 1128 of the communication device 1100 in FIG. 13. Figure 11 The transmitter and / or the antenna 434 or the BS 110 and / or the circuitry 1124, 1126, and 1128 of the communication device 1100 in FIG. 13.

[0137] Example Clauses

[0138] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0139] Clause 1: A method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising: detecting, during a paging occasion (PO), at least one downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; and using the additional downlink signals to enhance processing of the paging message.

[0140] Clause 2: The method of clause 1, wherein the UE: powers up a radio frequency (RF) component and buffers signals during the PO; powers down the RF component to process the buffered signals to detect the paging DCI; re-powers up the RF component to process the additional downlink signals; and uses results of processing the additional downlink signals to process at least the buffered signals to detect the paging message.

[0141] Clause 3: The method of clause 1 or 2, wherein: the additional downlink signals comprise aperiodic tracking reference signals (A-TRSs); and using the additional downlink signals to enhance processing of the paging message comprises performing channel tracking based on the A-TRSs prior to processing the paging message.

[0142] Clause 4: The method of clause 3, wherein the DCI indicates the A-TRSs via one or more previously reserved bits or fields in an existing paging DCI format.

[0143] Clause 5: The method of clause 3 or 4, wherein: a first format of DCI indicates the paging message; and a second format of DCI indicates the A-TRSs.

[0144] Clause 6: The method of any of clauses 3-5, wherein at least one DCI comprises a new DCI format that is different from an existing paging DCI format that indicates the paging message and the A-TRSs.

[0145] Clause 7: The method of any of clauses 3-6, wherein the A-TRSs are indicated via a format of the DCI or a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the paging DCI.

[0146] Clause 8: The method of any of clauses 3-7, wherein the DCI indicates an index of A-TRS resources.

[0147] Clause 9: The method of clause 8, wherein the DCI indicates a time gap between the paging DCI and the A-TRSs.

[0148] Clause 10: The method of any of clauses 3-9, wherein the A-TRSs are located in a same slot as the paging message; and the UE performs rate matching of the paging message around the A-TRSs.

[0149] Clause 11: The method of any of clauses 1-10, wherein the additional downlink signals comprise at least one repetition of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carrying the paging DCI or a repetition of the paging message; and using the additional downlink signals to enhance processing of the paging message comprises at least one of using the repetition of the PDCCH or paging message for timing synchronization or combining.

[0150] Clause 12: The method of clause 11, wherein: a first format of DCI indicates the paging message; and a second format of DCI indicates the repetition of the paging message.

[0151] Clause 13: The method of clause 11 or 12, wherein the at least one DCI comprises: a new DCI format, different from an existing paging DCI format, that indicates the paging message and the repetition of the paging message.

[0152] Clause 14: The method of any of clauses 11-13, wherein the paging DCI indicates an offset and a number of the at least one repetition.

[0153] Clause 15: The method of any of clauses 11-14, wherein the additional downlink signals further comprise aperiodic tracking reference signals (A-TRSs).

[0154] Clause 16: A method of wireless communication by a network entity, comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), a paging downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals during a paging occasion (PO); transmitting the paging message; and transmitting the additional downlink signals in accordance with the indication.

[0155] Clause 17: The method of clause 16, wherein: the additional downlink signals comprise aperiodic tracking reference signals (A-TRSs).

[0156] Clause 18: The method of clause 17, wherein the DCI indicates the A-TRSs via one or more previously reserved bits or fields in the paging DCI.

[0157] Clause 19: The method of clause 18, wherein the DCI indicates the A-TRSs via one or more previously reserved bits or fields in an existing paging DCI format.

[0158] Clause 20: The method of clause 18 or 19, wherein: a first format of DCI indicates the paging message; and a second format of DCI indicates the A-TRSs.

[0159] Clause 21: The method of any of clauses 18-20, wherein the at least one DCI comprises: a new DCI format, different from an existing paging DCI format, that indicates the paging message and the A-TRSs.

[0160] Clause 22: The method of any of clauses 17-21, wherein the DCI indicates an index of A-TRS resources.

[0161] Clause 23: The method of clause 22, wherein the DCI indicates a time gap between the paging DCI and the A-TRSs.

[0162] Clause 24: The method of any of clauses 17-23, wherein the A-TRSs are located in a same slot as the paging message; and the network entity performs rate matching of the paging message around the A-TRSs.

[0163] Clause 25: The method of any of clauses 16-24, wherein the additional downlink signals comprise at least one repetition of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carrying the paging DCI or a repetition of the paging message; and the paging DCI indicates an offset and a number of the at least one repetition.

[0164] Clause 26: The method of clause 25, wherein: the DCI of a first format indicates the paging message; and the DCI of a second format indicates the repetition of the paging message.

[0165] Clause 27: The method of any of clauses 18-26, wherein at least one DCI comprises a new DCI format different from an existing paging DCI format indicating the paging message and the repetition of the paging message.

[0166] Clause 28: The method of clause 27, wherein the additional downlink signals further comprise aperiodic tracking reference signals (A-TRSs).

[0167] Clause 29: An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising a memory including computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the one or more processors to: detect, during a paging occasion (PO), at least one downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; and use the additional downlink signals to enhance processing of the paging message.

[0168] Clause 30: An apparatus for wireless communication by a network entity, comprising a memory including computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the one or more processors to: transmit, to a user equipment (UE) during a paging occasion (PO), paging downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and additional downlink signals; transmit the paging message; and transmit the additional downlink signals in accordance with the indication.

[0169] Additional Considerations

[0170] The foregoing description provides examples of enhancing paging procedures. Changes can be made to the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples can omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described can be performed in an order different than described, and other steps can be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples can be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus or a method can be implemented using any number of aspects described herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using an additional structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to the various aspects described herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein can be implemented by one or more elements of a claim. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects.

[0171] The techniques described herein can be used for various wireless communication technologies, such as 5G (e.g., 5G NR), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA), and other networks. The terms “network” and “system” are often used interchangeably. A CDMA network can implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, and others. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. A TDMA network can implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). An OFDMA network can implement a radio technology such as NR (e.g., 5G RA), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash- OFDMA, and others. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). LTE and LTE-A are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). cdma2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2). NR is an emerging wireless communications technology.

[0172] NR access (e.g., 5G technology) can support various wireless communication services such as Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) that can target wide bandwidth (e.g., 80 MHz or beyond) for high speed caching, millimeter wave (mmW) that can target high carrier frequency (e.g., 25 GHz or beyond), massive machine type communications (mMTC) that can target non-backward compatible MTC techniques for machine type communications, and / or mission critical that can target ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). These services can include latency and reliability requirements. These services can also have different transmission time intervals (TTI) to meet respective quality of service (QoS) requirements. In addition, these services can co-exist in the same subframe.

[0173] Methods disclosed herein include one or more steps or actions for accomplishing a method. The method steps and / or actions can be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order is specified, the order and / or use of terms can be modified without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0174] As used herein, the term “at least one of’ a set of items refers to any combination of one or more items from the set. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to mean: a; b; c; a-b; a-c; b-c; and a-b-c, as well as any combination of items from among a, b, and c (e.g., a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c-c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0175] As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure), ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.

[0176] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless specifically so stated, but rather "one or more." Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "some" refers to one or more. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that enable a person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, are expressly incorporated in potential alternative embodiments as defined herein, and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Any claims that are not otherwise expressly supported by the text of this specification are not intended to be abandoned or forfeited, but additional support is supplied for them in their entirety by reference to this disclosure as it stands. Any element described herein is not to be interpreted, unless expressly so stated, as being "means for" performing the function described by the element. Moreover, no limitation to the scope of the claims is intended by authorship of the terms "comprising," "including," "carrying," "having," "containing," or any other inclusion term to be understood as an optional out-of-range limitation or possibly but not necessarily intended. The complete range of equivalents likely to be intended, in light of this disclosure, are expressly set forth by the mere fact that this disclosure places the scope of the claims alongside the disclosure of the claims.

[0177] Various operations described above can be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. The means can include various hardware and / or software component(s) and / or module(s), including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or processor. Generally, where there are operations illustrated in figures, those operations can have corresponding counterpart means-plus-function components with similar numbering.

[0178] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the disclosure can be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0179] If implemented in hardware, an example hardware configuration may include a processing system in a wireless node. The processing system can be implemented using a bus architecture. Depending on the specific application and overall design constraints of the processing system, the bus may include any number of interconnect buses and bridges. The bus can link together various circuits, including a processor, machine-readable media, and a bus interface. The bus interface can be used to connect network adapters, etc., to the processing system via the bus. The network adapter can be used to implement signal processing functions at the PHY layer. In user terminal 120 (see...) Figure 1 In such cases, the user interface (e.g., keypad, display, mouse, joystick, etc.) can also be connected to the bus. The bus can also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and similar circuits, which are well known in the art and will not be described further. The processor can be implemented using one or more general-purpose and / or special-purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuit systems capable of executing software. Depending on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system, those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the functionality described for the processing system.

[0180] If implemented in software, the functions can be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, data, or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media, encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. The processor may be responsible for managing the bus and general processing, including executing software modules stored on the machine-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be coupled to the processor so that the processor can read and write information to / from the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integrated into the processor. As an example, the machine-readable medium may include a transmission line, a data-modulated carrier wave, and / or a separate computer-readable storage medium containing instructions stored thereon, all accessible to the processor via a bus interface. Alternatively or additionally, the machine-readable medium or any portion thereof may be integrated into the processor, such as caches and / or general-purpose register files. As an example, examples of machine-readable storage media may include RAM (random access memory), flash memory, ROM (read-only memory), PROM (programmable read-only memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read-only memory), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), registers, disks, optical disks, hard drives, or any other suitable storage media, or any combination thereof. Machine-readable media may be implemented in computer program products.

[0181] Software modules may comprise a single instruction or a number of instructions, and may be distributed across several different code segments, across different programs, and across multiple storage media. Computer-readable media may include several software modules. These software modules include instructions that, when executed by an instrument (such as a processor), enable the processing system to perform various functions. These software modules may include transfer modules and receive modules. Each software module may reside in a single storage device or be distributed across multiple storage devices. As an example, when a trigger event occurs, a software module may be loaded from a hard drive into RAM. During the execution of a software module, the processor may load some instructions into a cache to improve access speed. One or more cache lines may subsequently be loaded into a general-purpose register file for processor execution. In the context of the functionality of a software module described below, it will be understood that such functionality is implemented by the processor when the processor executes the instructions from that software module.

[0182] Similarly, any connection is also legitimately referred to as computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technology (such as infrared (IR), radio, and microwave), then that coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technology (such as infrared, radio, and microwave) is included in the definition of medium. As used herein, disks and discs include compact discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital multi-purpose discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and... Disks, where disks often magnetically reproduce data, and discs optically reproduce data using lasers. Therefore, in some aspects, computer-readable media may include non-transient computer-readable media (e.g., tangible media). Additionally, in other aspects, computer-readable media may include transient computer-readable media (e.g., signals). Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0183] Therefore, certain aspects may include computer program products for performing the operations given herein. For example, such computer program products may include computer-readable media on which instructions are stored (and / or encoded) that can be executed by one or more processors to perform the operations described herein. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The instructions for operation explained in the Chinese.

[0184] Further, it should be appreciated that modules and / or other appropriate means for performing the methods and techniques described herein can be downloaded and / or otherwise obtained by a user terminal and / or base station as applicable. For example, such a device can be coupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of means for performing the methods described herein. Alternatively, various methods described herein can be provided via a storage means (e.g., RAM, ROM, a physical storage medium such as a compact disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc.), such that a user terminal and / or base station can obtain the various methods upon coupling or providing the storage means to the device.

[0185] It will be understood that the claims are not limited to the precise configuration and components illustrated above. Various modifications, changes, and adaptations will be apparent to others skilled in the art with the benefit of this disclosure. The scope of the claims should be determined by the appropriate scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE), comprising: detecting, during a paging occasion (PO), at least one paging downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and an additional downlink signal, wherein the additional downlink signal comprises an aperiodic tracking reference signal (A-TRS); and using the additional downlink signal to enhance processing of the paging message, including performing channel tracking based on the A-TRS prior to processing the paging message.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE: powers up a radio frequency (RF) component and buffers signals during the PO; powers down the RF component to process the buffered signals to detect the at least one paging DCI; re-powers up the RF component to process the additional downlink signal; and uses results of processing the additional downlink signal to process at least the buffered signals to detect the paging message.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein a paging DCI of the at least one paging DCI indicates the A-TRS via one or more previously reserved bits or fields in an existing paging DCI format.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: a first format of DCI indicates the paging message; and a second format of DCI indicates the A-TRS.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one paging DCI comprises: a new DCI format, different from an existing paging DCI format, indicating the paging message and the A-TRS.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the A-TRS is indicated via a format of a paging DCI of the at least one paging DCI or a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the paging DCI.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein a paging DCI of the at least one paging DCI indicates an index of an A-TRS resource.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein a paging DCI of the at least one paging DCI indicates a time gap between the paging DCI and the A-TRS.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the A-TRS is in a same slot as the paging message; and the UE performs rate matching of the paging message around the A-TRS.

10. A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE), comprising: detecting, during a paging occasion (PO), at least one paging downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and an additional downlink signal, wherein the additional downlink signal comprises at least one repetition of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carrying a paging DCI of the at least one paging DCI or a repetition of the paging message; and using the additional downlink signal to enhance processing of the paging message, including at least one of timing synchronization or combining using the repetition of the PDCCH or paging message.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein: DCI of a first format indicates the paging message; and DCI of a second format indicates the repetition of the paging message.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one paging DCI comprises: a new DCI format, different from an existing paging DCI format, indicating the paging message and the repetition of the paging message.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein a paging DCI of the at least one paging DCI indicates an offset and a number of the at least one repetition.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein the additional downlink signal further comprises an aperiodic tracking reference signal (A-TRS).

15. A method of wireless communication by a network entity, comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), paging downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and an additional downlink signal during a paging occasion (PO); transmitting the paging message; and transmitting the additional downlink signal in accordance with the indication, wherein the additional downlink signal comprises an aperiodic tracking reference signal (A-TRS); the A-TRS is located in a same slot as the paging message; and the network entity performs rate matching of the paging message around the A-TRS.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the paging DCI indicates the A-TRS via one or more previously reserved bits or fields in the paging DCI.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the paging DCI indicates the A-TRS via one or more previously reserved bits or fields in an existing paging DCI format.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein: DCI of a first format indicates the paging message; and DCI of a second format indicates the A-TRS.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the paging DCI comprises: a new DCI format, different from an existing paging DCI format, indicating the paging message and the A-TRS.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein the paging DCI indicates an index of an A-TRS resource.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the paging DCI indicates a time gap between the paging DCI and the A-TRS.

22. A method of wireless communication by a network entity, comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), paging downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and an additional downlink signal during a paging occasion (PO); transmitting the paging message; and transmitting the additional downlink signal in accordance with the indication, wherein the additional downlink signal comprises at least one repetition of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carrying the paging DCI or a repetition of the paging message; and the paging DCI indicates an offset and a number of the at least one repetition.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein: DCI of a first format indicates the paging message; and The DCI in the second format indicates the repetition of the paging message.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the paging DCI comprises: a new DCI format, different from an existing paging DCI format, that indicates the paging message and the repetition of the paging message.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the additional downlink signal further comprises an aperiodic tracking reference signal (A-TRS).

26. An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory, the memory including computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the one or more processors to: detect, during a paging occasion (PO), at least one paging downlink control information (DCI) that indicates a paging message and an additional downlink signal, wherein the additional downlink signal comprises an aperiodic tracking reference signal (A-TRS); and enhance processing of the paging message using the additional downlink signal, including performing channel tracking based on the A-TRS prior to processing the paging message.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the one or more processors to perform any of the methods of claims 2-9.

28. An apparatus for wireless communication by a network entity, comprising: a memory, the memory including computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the one or more processors to: transmit, during a paging occasion (PO), a paging downlink control information (DCI) to a user equipment (UE) that indicates a paging message and an additional downlink signal; transmit the paging message; and transmit the additional downlink signal in accordance with the indication, wherein the additional downlink signal comprises an aperiodic tracking reference signal (A-TRS); the A-TRS is in a same slot as the paging message; and the network entity performs rate matching of the paging message around the A-TRS.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the one or more processors to perform any of the methods of claims 16-21.

30. An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory, the memory including computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the one or more processors to: detecting, during a paging occasion (PO), at least one paging downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and an additional downlink signal, wherein the additional downlink signal comprises at least one repetition of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carrying a paging DCI of the at least one paging DCI or a repetition of the paging message; and using the additional downlink signal to enhance processing of the paging message, including at least one of using the repetition of the PDCCH or paging message for timing synchronization or combining.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the one or more processors to perform any of the methods as recited in claims 11-14.

32. An apparatus for wireless communication by a network entity, comprising: memory including computer-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the one or more processors to: transmit, to a user equipment (UE), during a paging occasion (PO), a paging downlink control information (DCI) indicating a paging message and an additional downlink signal; transmit the paging message; and transmit the additional downlink signal in accordance with the indication, wherein the additional downlink signal comprises at least one repetition of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carrying the paging DCI or a repetition of the paging message; and the paging DCI indicates an offset and a number of the at least one repetition.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the one or more processors to perform any of the methods as recited in claims 23-25. ​

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