X-ray free electron laser shutter system and control method

Abstract

This invention relates to an X-ray free-electron laser shutter system, comprising a vacuum chamber. The vacuum chamber has an entrance flange on its front side and an exit flange on its rear side. The light beam enters the vacuum chamber through the entrance flange and exits outwards through the exit flange. The key feature is that the vacuum chamber is equipped with a front light-blocking arm and a rear light-blocking arm. Another technical solution of this invention provides a control method for the X-ray free-electron laser shutter system. This invention achieves both damage resistance and radiation blocking by combining a damage-resistant light-blocking plate with a heavy metal light-blocking plate. The easily removable damage-resistant light-blocking plate acknowledges its potential for damage and utilizes its working lifespan to achieve light blocking. An interlocking mechanism that burns through the detector ensures that the shutter will not damage downstream equipment due to failure. The use of dual light-blocking arms and an electromagnet to control the on / off time difference between the two light-blocking arms achieves a millisecond-level window time, greatly reducing the requirements for light-blocking arm movement control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an X-ray free-electron laser shutter system and its control method, belonging to the field of X-ray beamlines. Background Technology

[0002] X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are powerful tools for basic scientific research due to their high brightness, high coherence, and ultrashort pulses. However, their extremely high brightness allows them to damage any material when focused, necessitating stringent safety precautions when using them. Even when not at the focal point, high-repetition-rate XFELs pose a significant safety threat to equipment entering the optical path. Furthermore, while high-repetition-rate laser light may not be necessary during experimental preparation, lowering the repetition rate from the accelerator can drastically alter the thermal load on optical components, causing them to deviate from their state during the experiment. Therefore, a shutter is required in the optical path after the optical components to control the repetition rate, or more specifically, the number of pulses and average power reaching the experimental area, to meet the needs of setup. Inserting the shutter into the optical path also presents thermal load and damage risks. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a shutter system that can control the repetition rate or the number of pulses and average power reaching the experimental station area behind the optical element.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide an X-ray free electron laser shutter system, including a vacuum cavity, an entrance flange on the front side of the vacuum cavity and an exit flange on the rear side. After the light beam enters the vacuum cavity from the entrance flange, it is emitted outward from the exit flange. The system is characterized in that a front light blocking arm and a rear light blocking arm are provided on the vacuum cavity. The front light blocking arm and the rear light blocking arm have the same structure, including a sandwich light blocking structure disposed in the vacuum cavity, a cooling mechanism for cooling the sandwich light blocking structure, and a displacement driving mechanism for driving the sandwich light blocking structure to move up and down.

[0005] During the process of the displacement driving mechanism driving the sandwich light-blocking structure to move up and down, the effective light-blocking part of the sandwich light-blocking structure of the front or rear light-blocking arm can block the light beam entering the vacuum cavity from the incident flange. At the same time, the sandwich light-blocking structures of the front and rear light-blocking arms can be staggered by the time difference of falling, thereby forming a light-transmitting window. The light beam entering the vacuum cavity from the incident flange can freely pass through the light-transmitting window and be emitted outward from the exit flange.

[0006] If the effective light-blocking part of the sandwich light-blocking structure of the current or rear light-blocking arm is damaged, the sandwich light-blocking structure outputs an interlocking signal to kick off the electron beam from the accelerator and protect the downstream equipment.

[0007] Preferably, the light-transmitting window is opened once by the sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm and the sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm falling with a set time difference.

[0008] Preferably, the sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm and the sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm reciprocate at fixed time intervals, falling with the falling time difference, thereby realizing the equal-interval multiple opening and closing of the light-transmitting window.

[0009] Preferably, the sandwich light-blocking structure comprises a damage-resistant light-blocking sheet, a burn-through detector, and a heavy metal light-blocking sheet, wherein the burn-through detector is sandwiched between the damage-resistant light-blocking sheet and the heavy metal light-blocking sheet, wherein:

[0010] The front of the damage-resistant light-blocking sheet is the light-facing side, and a bidirectional angle absorption area is made on the light-facing side to reduce the surface power density of the damage-resistant light-blocking sheet.

[0011] The burn-through detector is placed on the back of the damage-resistant light-blocking plate and directly behind the bidirectional angle absorption area of ​​the damage-resistant light-blocking plate. It is used to detect whether the damage-resistant light-blocking plate has been burned through by the beam to a set threshold. If the damage-resistant light-blocking plate is burned through to the set threshold, the burn-through detector provides an interlock signal to kick out the electron beam from the accelerator.

[0012] A heavy metal light-blocking plate is placed on the back of the damage-resistant light-blocking plate to block high-energy X-rays passing through the damage-resistant light-blocking plate, ensuring that no photons pass through the shutter system.

[0013] Preferably, the burn-through detector uses an X-ray band-responsive Yage crystal in conjunction with a photodiode. When the light beam burns through the damage-resistant light-blocking sheet to reach a certain transmission intensity, the light beam is incident on the Yage crystal and generates visible light fluorescence. Then, the photodiode detects the visible light signal and outputs it outward as an interlock signal through the burn-through detector leads.

[0014] Preferably, the damage-resistant light-blocking sheet has an easily detachable structure, making it convenient to replace with a new light-blocking sheet after it has been burned through.

[0015] Preferably, the cooling mechanism includes a cooling clamping mechanism located inside the vacuum cavity and a cooling water pipe partially located inside the vacuum cavity and partially located outside the vacuum cavity; the sandwich light-blocking structure is clamped by the cooling clamping mechanism, which is connected to the cooling water pipe; the cooling water pipe consists of an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, which are parallel and unobstructed; the cooling water enters the cooling clamping mechanism through the inlet pipe to exchange heat with the sandwich light-blocking structure, and the cooling water carrying heat is discharged outward from the outlet pipe.

[0016] Preferably, the displacement driving mechanism includes a compressible and elongable bellows, which is sleeved on the portion of the cooling water pipe located outside the vacuum chamber. The bellows isolates the equipment inside the vacuum chamber from the atmosphere while providing mobility. A spring is sleeved on the bellows to counteract some of the atmospheric pressure on the bellows, but the spring does not balance the gravity. The displacement driving mechanism also includes an iron block fixed to the cooling water pipe. An electromagnet is used to attract or release the iron block, allowing the iron block to move up and down along a linear guide rail. The iron block then drives the sandwich light-blocking structure connected to it to move up and down. The linear guide rail supports the electromagnet, and a sliding block on the linear guide rail is fixed to the iron block.

[0017] Preferably, the length of the rear light-blocking arm from the iron block to the end of the damage-resistant light-blocking plate is longer than the length of the front light-blocking arm from the iron block to the end of the damage-resistant light-blocking plate.

[0018] Another technical solution of the present invention is to provide a control method for the above-mentioned X-ray free electron laser shutter system, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: The sandwich light-blocking structures of the front and rear light-blocking arms move upwards simultaneously. During this movement, there is a partial overlap between the sandwich light-blocking structures of the front and rear light-blocking arms, preventing the formation of a light-passing window. After both the front and rear light-blocking arms have reached their highest points, the sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm is positioned above the sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm. The sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm then blocks the light beam incident from the incident flange, and there is a partial overlap between the sandwich light-blocking structures of the front and rear light-blocking arms.

[0020] Step 2: The sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm moves downward at time T1, and the sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm moves downward at time T2, thus forming a falling time difference ΔT = T1 - T2;

[0021] The sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm moves downward first, and the sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm moves downward afterward, so that the sandwich light-blocking structures of the front light-blocking arm and the sandwich light-blocking structures of the rear light-blocking arm are staggered to form a light-transmitting window.

[0022] The sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm moves downward to its lowest point. At this time, the sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm has also moved to its lowest point. The sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm forms a blockage of the light beam incident from the incident flange. At the same time, the sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm remains at its lowest point. The sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm is located below the sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm, and there is a partial overlap between the sandwich light-blocking structures of the front and rear light-blocking arms.

[0023] Step 3: Repeat steps 1 and 2 in a loop to achieve the opening and closing of the light transmission window at equal intervals; or execute steps 1 and 2 once to open the specified light transmission window only once; the light transmission window time is determined by the falling time difference ΔT.

[0024] When step two is completed, it can also be called normally closed mode. At this time, the front windshield light arm is moved to the highest point by controlling it alone. Neither the sandwich structure of the front windshield light arm nor the sandwich structure of the rear windshield light arm is blocked. This is normally open mode.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] (1) By combining the damage-resistant light-blocking sheet with the heavy metal light-blocking sheet, both damage resistance and radiation blocking are achieved;

[0027] (2) By using easily removable, damage-resistant light-blocking sheets, the premise that they can be damaged is acknowledged, and their working life is utilized to achieve the purpose of blocking light.

[0028] (3) The interlocking mechanism of burning through the detector ensures that the shutter will not damage the equipment behind it due to failure;

[0029] (4) The millisecond-level window time is achieved by using the dual-bar light arm and electromagnet to control the on and off time difference of the two light arms, which greatly reduces the requirements for light arm motion control. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figures 1 to 3 This embodiment illustrates the structure and operation of an X-ray free-electron laser shutter system.

[0031] Figure 4A and Figure 4B The structure of the front windshield light arm 1 and the rear windshield light arm 2 is illustrated.

[0032] Figure 5 The diagram illustrates the structure of the cooling water pipes. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0034] This embodiment discloses an X-ray free-electron laser shutter system, which includes a front shutter arm 1, a rear shutter arm 2, a vacuum chamber 3, a motion control system 7, and a control computer system 8.

[0035] Combination Figure 4A The front light-blocking arm 1 includes a damage-resistant light-blocking plate 101, a burn-through detector 102, a burn-through detector lead wire 106, a heavy metal light-blocking plate 103, a cooling clamping mechanism 104, a cooling water pipe 105, a corrugated pipe 107, a spring 108, a linear guide rail 109, a magnetic iron block 110, and an electromagnet 111.

[0036] The damage-resistant light-blocking plate 101 is made of boron carbide or diamond. The front side of the plate is the light-facing surface, and a bidirectional angular absorption zone is created on this surface. This angle is used to reduce the surface power density of the plate. The specific value of this angle is calculated based on actual power finite element analysis. The effective light-blocking thickness of the plate 101 is calculated based on the material's X-ray absorption characteristics, typically requiring an attenuation of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude.

[0037] The burn-through detector 102 is positioned on the back of the damage-resistant light-blocking plate 101 and directly behind its bidirectional angular absorption region. It is used to detect whether the damage-resistant light-blocking plate 101 has been burned through by the beam 6. If the damage-resistant light-blocking plate 101 is burned through to a set threshold, the burn-through detector 102 provides an interlock signal to kick off the electron beam from the accelerator. The signal from the burn-through detector 102 is extracted using the burn-through detector lead 106. In this embodiment, the burn-through detector 102 uses an X-ray band-responsive Yage crystal in conjunction with a photodiode. When the beam 6 burns through the damage-resistant light-blocking plate 101 to reach the set threshold, the beam 6 incident on the Yage crystal generates visible light fluorescence. The photodiode then detects the visible light signal and outputs it as an interlock signal through the burn-through detector lead 106.

[0038] A heavy metal light-blocking plate 103 is placed on the back of the damage-resistant light-blocking plate 101 to block high-energy X-rays passing through the damage-resistant light-blocking plate 101, ensuring that no photons pass through the shutter system provided by this invention. The heavy metal light-blocking plate 103 is typically made of tungsten, and its thickness is sufficient to block the fifth harmonic of the X-rays used.

[0039] The damage-resistant light-blocking sheet 101, the burn-through detector 102, and the heavy metal light-blocking sheet 103 form a sandwich structure, with the burn-through detector 102 sandwiched between the damage-resistant light-blocking sheet 101 and the heavy metal light-blocking sheet 103. The damage-resistant light-blocking sheet 101 is an easily detachable structure, allowing for convenient replacement with a new light-blocking sheet after burn-through.

[0040] The aforementioned sandwich structure is held by a cooling clamping mechanism 104, which is connected to a cooling water pipe 105. Cooling water flows into the cooling clamping mechanism 104 through the cooling water pipe 105 to cool the sandwich structure. In this embodiment, the sandwich structure is nested within the cooling clamping mechanism 104, which is water-cooled, and the heat is carried away through the cooling water pipe 105.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the cooling water pipe 105 consists of an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, which are parallel and unobstructed. Cooling water enters the cooling clamping mechanism 104 through the inlet pipe to exchange heat with the sandwich structure, and the cooling water carrying heat is discharged outward from the outlet pipe.

[0042] Damage-resistant light-blocking plate 101, burn-through detector 102, burn-through detector lead 106, heavy metal light-blocking plate 103, and cooling clamping mechanism 104 are all disposed inside the vacuum chamber 3. Part of the cooling water pipe 105 is disposed inside the vacuum chamber 3, and the other part is disposed outside the vacuum chamber 3.

[0043] A bellows 107 is fitted on the portion of the cooling water pipe 105 located outside the vacuum chamber 3. The bellows 107 can be compressed and stretched to isolate the equipment inside the vacuum chamber 3 from the atmosphere, while also providing mobility.

[0044] A spring 108 is fitted over the bellows 107 to counteract some of the atmospheric pressure acting on it. The parameters of the spring 108 are calculated based on the diameter of the bellows 107. The spring 108 cannot balance the force of gravity.

[0045] The iron block 110 is connected and fixed to the cooling water pipe 105. The electromagnet 111 is used to attract or release the iron block 110, so that the iron block 110 can move up and down along the linear guide rail 109. Thus, the iron block 110 drives the damage-resistant light-blocking plate 101, the burn-through detector 102, the heavy metal light-blocking plate 103, the cooling clamping mechanism 104, and the cooling water pipe 105 connected to it to move up and down.

[0046] The linear guide rail 109 is used to support the electromagnet 111. At the same time, the sliding block set on the linear guide rail 109 is fixed to the iron block 110, which can ensure that the iron block 110 and all its connected components move linearly during the process of the electromagnet 111 attracting and releasing the iron block 110.

[0047] like Figure 4BAs shown, the rear light-blocking arm 2 has the same structure as the front light-blocking arm 1, including a damage-resistant light-blocking plate 201, a burn-through detector 202, a burn-through detector lead 206, a heavy metal light-blocking plate 203, a cooling clamping mechanism 204, a cooling water pipe 205, a bellows 207, a spring 208, a linear guide rail 209, a magnetic iron block 210, and an electromagnet 211. However, unlike the front light-blocking arm 1, the length from the iron block 210 to the end of the damage-resistant light-blocking plate 201 in the rear light-blocking arm 2 is longer than the corresponding structure in the front light-blocking arm 1. Along the beam propagation direction, there is a partial overlap between the sandwich structure of the front light-blocking arm 1 and the sandwich structure of the rear light-blocking arm 2.

[0048] The vacuum chamber 3 is used to install the front beam arm 1 and the rear beam arm 2, including the entrance flange 4 and the exit flange 5. The beam 6 enters the vacuum chamber 3 from the entrance flange 4 and exits outward from the exit flange 5.

[0049] The motion control system 7 uses high-speed optocoupler circuits 9 and 10 to control the on / off state of electromagnets 111 and 211, and the control computer 8 is used to run the control program to control the motion control system 7.

[0050] The control method for the above-mentioned X-ray free-electron laser shutter system specifically includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: As Figure 3 As shown, the motion control system 7, controlled by the control computer 8, simultaneously energizes the electromagnets 111 and 211 of the front and rear light-blocking arms 1 and 2, causing the damage-resistant light-blocking plates 101 and 201 of the sandwich structures of the front and rear light-blocking arms 1 and 2 to move upwards. During the movement, there is a partial overlap between the damage-resistant light-blocking plates 101 of the front light-blocking arm 1 and the sandwich structures and damage-resistant light-blocking plates 201 of the rear light-blocking arm 2, thus not forming a light-transmitting window. After both the front and rear light-blocking arms 1 and 2 have reached their highest points, the sandwich structure of the front light-blocking arm 1 is positioned above the sandwich structure of the rear light-blocking arm 2, with the sandwich structure of the rear light-blocking arm 2 directly facing the incident flange 4, and there is a partial overlap between the sandwich structures of the front and rear light-blocking arms 1 and 2.

[0052] Step Two: The motion control system 8, controlled by the computer 8, de-energizes the electromagnets 211 and 111 of the rear windshield light arm 2 and the front windshield light arm 1 at different times. For example... Figure 2As shown, the electromagnet 211 of the rear light-blocking arm 2 is de-energized first, causing the damage-resistant light-blocking plate 202 of the sandwich structure of the rear light-blocking arm 2 to move downwards. The electromagnet 111 of the front light-blocking arm 1 is de-energized subsequently, causing the damage-resistant light-blocking plate 102 of the sandwich structure of the front light-blocking arm 1 to move downwards. Because there is a time difference between the de-energization times of the electromagnets 211 and 111 of the rear light-blocking arm 2 and the front light-blocking arm 1 (i.e., a falling time difference), when the rear light-blocking arm 2 falls behind, it cannot block the beam 6 incident from the incident flange 4. At the same time, the front light-blocking arm 1, because it does not fall into place in time, also cannot block the beam 6 incident from the incident flange 4. This achieves the sandwich structure of the front light-blocking arm 1 and the sandwich structure of the rear light-blocking arm 2 being staggered, forming a light-transmitting window. Figure 1 As shown, when the damage-resistant light-blocking plate 101 of the sandwich structure of the front light-blocking arm 1 moves downward to the lowest point, the sandwich structure of the front light-blocking arm 1 is directly facing the incident flange 4. At the same time, the damage-resistant light-blocking plate 201 of the sandwich structure of the rear light-blocking arm 2 remains at the lowest point. The sandwich structure of the rear light-blocking arm 2 is located below the sandwich structure of the front light-blocking arm 1, and there is a partial overlap between the sandwich structure of the front light-blocking arm 1 and the sandwich structure of the rear light-blocking arm 2.

[0053] After the electromagnets 211 and 111 of the rear light arm 2 and the front light arm 1 are de-energized sequentially with a set falling time difference, the moving parts of the rear light arm 2 and the front light arm 1 move downwards under the influence of gravity and part of atmospheric pressure. Because the rear light arm 2 and the front light arm 1 start falling at different times, a light-transmitting window is formed between the two sets of light-blocking plates. The duration of the light-transmitting window is determined by the falling time difference.

[0054] Step 3: By repeatedly performing steps 1 and 2, the light transmission window will open and close at equal intervals. The program controls the repetition of steps 1 and 2 once, allowing the specified light transmission window to be opened only once.

[0055] Step 4: When burn-through detectors 102 and 202 detect a signal, the accelerator electrons are removed to protect subsequent equipment.

[0056] In the above steps, after step two is completed, the X-ray free-electron laser shutter system provided by the present invention is in normally closed mode. In normally closed mode, when the front blocking arm 1 is moved to its highest point by independent control, neither the sandwich structure of the front blocking arm 1 nor the sandwich structure of the rear blocking arm 2 will block the beam 6 incident from the incident flange 4. At this time, the X-ray free-electron laser shutter system provided by the present invention is in normally open mode.

Claims

1. An X-ray free electron laser shutter system comprising a vacuum cavity, a front side of the vacuum cavity being provided with an entrance flange, a rear side of the vacuum cavity being provided with an exit flange, a light beam being emitted from the entrance flange into the vacuum cavity and being emitted from the exit flange to the outside, characterized in that A front light blocking arm and a rear light blocking arm are provided on the vacuum cavity. The front light blocking arm and the rear light blocking arm have the same structure, including a sandwich light blocking structure provided in the vacuum cavity, a cooling mechanism for cooling the sandwich light blocking structure, and a displacement driving mechanism for driving the sandwich light blocking structure to move up and down. The electromagnets of the front and rear light arms are energized simultaneously, causing the damage-resistant light-blocking plates of the sandwich structure of the front and rear light arms to move upward. The electromagnets of the rear and front light arms are de-energized at different times, causing the damage-resistant light-blocking plates of the sandwich structure of the front and rear light arms to move downward at different times. During the up-and-down movement of the sandwich light-blocking structure driven by the displacement driving mechanism, the effective light-blocking portion of the sandwich light-blocking structure of the front or rear light-blocking arm can block the light beam entering the vacuum cavity from the incident flange. At the same time, the sandwich light-blocking structures of the front and rear light-blocking arms can be staggered by the time difference of their descent, thereby forming a light-transmitting window. The light beam entering the vacuum cavity from the incident flange can freely pass through the light-transmitting window and exit from the exit flange. The light-transmitting window is opened once by the sandwich light-blocking structures of the front and rear light-blocking arms falling with a set time difference. If the effective light-blocking part of the sandwich light-blocking structure of the current or rear light-blocking arm is damaged, the sandwich light-blocking structure outputs an interlocking signal to kick off the electron beam from the accelerator and protect the downstream equipment.

2. The X-ray free-electron laser shutter system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm and the sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm reciprocate at fixed time intervals, falling with the falling time difference, thereby realizing the equal-interval multiple opening and closing of the light-transmitting window.

3. The X-ray free-electron laser shutter system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sandwich light-blocking structure comprises a damage-resistant light-blocking sheet, a burn-through detector, and a heavy metal light-blocking sheet, wherein the burn-through detector is sandwiched between the damage-resistant light-blocking sheet and the heavy metal light-blocking sheet, wherein: The front of the damage-resistant light-blocking sheet is the light-facing side, and a bidirectional angle absorption area is made on the light-facing side to reduce the surface power density of the damage-resistant light-blocking sheet. The burn-through detector is placed on the back of the damage-resistant light-blocking plate and directly behind the bidirectional angle absorption area of ​​the damage-resistant light-blocking plate. It is used to detect whether the damage-resistant light-blocking plate has been burned through by the beam to a set threshold. If the damage-resistant light-blocking plate is burned through to the set threshold, the burn-through detector provides an interlock signal to kick out the electron beam from the accelerator. A heavy metal light-blocking plate is placed on the back of the damage-resistant light-blocking plate to block high-energy X-rays passing through the damage-resistant light-blocking plate, ensuring that no photons pass through the shutter system.

4. The X-ray free-electron laser shutter system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The burn-through detector uses an X-ray band-responsive Yage crystal in conjunction with a photodiode. When the light beam burns through the damage-resistant light-blocking sheet and reaches a certain transmission intensity, the light beam is incident on the Yage crystal and generates visible light fluorescence. Then, the photodiode detects the visible light signal and outputs it outward as an interlock signal through the burn-through detector leads.

5. The X-ray free-electron laser shutter system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The damage-resistant light-blocking sheet has an easy-to-disassemble structure, making it convenient to replace with a new light-blocking sheet after it is burned through.

6. The X-ray free-electron laser shutter system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The cooling mechanism includes a cooling clamping mechanism located inside the vacuum cavity and a cooling water pipe partially located inside the vacuum cavity and partially located outside the vacuum cavity; the sandwich light-blocking structure is clamped by the cooling clamping mechanism, which is connected to the cooling water pipe; the cooling water pipe consists of an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, which are parallel and unobstructed; the cooling water enters the cooling clamping mechanism through the inlet pipe to exchange heat with the sandwich light-blocking structure, and the cooling water carrying heat is discharged outward from the outlet pipe.

7. The X-ray free-electron laser shutter system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The displacement driving mechanism includes a compressible and elongable bellows, which is sleeved on the portion of the cooling water pipe located outside the vacuum chamber. The bellows isolates the equipment inside the vacuum chamber from the atmosphere while providing mobility. A spring is fitted over the bellows to counteract some of the atmospheric pressure on the bellows, but the spring does not balance the gravity. The displacement driving mechanism also includes an iron block fixed to the cooling water pipe. An electromagnet is used to attract or release the iron block, allowing it to move up and down along a linear guide rail. This, in turn, drives the sandwich light-blocking structure connected to the iron block to move up and down. The linear guide rail supports the electromagnet, and a sliding block mounted on the linear guide rail is fixed to the iron block.

8. The X-ray free-electron laser shutter system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The length of the rear windshield light arm from the iron block to the end of the damage-resistant light-blocking plate is longer than that of the front windshield light arm from the iron block to the end of the damage-resistant light-blocking plate.

9. A control method for the X-ray free-electron laser shutter system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: The electromagnets of the front and rear light blocking arms are simultaneously energized, causing the damage-resistant light-blocking plates of the sandwich structures of both the front and rear light blocking arms to move upwards. During this movement, there is a partial overlap between the sandwich light-blocking structures of the front and rear light blocking arms, preventing the formation of a light-passing window. After both the front and rear light blocking arms reach their highest points, the sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light blocking arm is positioned above the sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light blocking arm. The sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light blocking arm then blocks the light beam incident from the incident flange, and there is a partial overlap between the sandwich light-blocking structures of the front and rear light blocking arms. Step 2: The electromagnets of the rear and front windshield light arms are de-energized at different times, causing the damage-resistant light-blocking plates of the sandwich structure in both the front and rear windshield light arms to move downwards at different times. Specifically, the sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear windshield light arm moves downwards at time T1, and the sandwich light-blocking structure of the front windshield light arm moves downwards at time T2, thus creating a time difference in descent. T = T1 - T2; The sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm moves downward first, and the sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm moves downward afterward, so that the sandwich light-blocking structures of the front light-blocking arm and the sandwich light-blocking structures of the rear light-blocking arm are staggered to form a light-transmitting window. The sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm moves downward to its lowest point. At this time, the sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm has also moved to its lowest point. The sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm forms a blockage of the light beam incident from the incident flange. At the same time, the sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm remains at its lowest point. The sandwich light-blocking structure of the rear light-blocking arm is located below the sandwich light-blocking structure of the front light-blocking arm, and there is a partial overlap between the sandwich light-blocking structures of the front and rear light-blocking arms. Step 3: Repeating Step 1 and Step 2 repeatedly will open and close the light transmission window at equal intervals; or, executing Step 1 and Step 2 once will open the specified light transmission window only once; the light transmission window time is determined by the time difference between the falling light and the opening light. T decides.

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