Adjustable bucket for excavator

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of buckets for excavators, and proposes an adjustable bucket for excavators, whose digging width can be adjusted, which is more flexible to use, convenient for cleaning the stuck working objects, more practical, and easier to replace. The bucket comprises a first combining rod, a second combining rod, a bucket middle frame and a hydraulic system, wherein the bucket middle frame is connected with a front bucket end frame and a rear bucket end frame, and the bucket middle frame is connected with a front mounting double-head ear and a rear mounting double-head ear, the first combining rod and the second combining rod are both connected with the front mounting double-head ear and the rear mounting double-head ear, and the front bucket end frame and the rear bucket end frame are respectively connected with the front double-head mounting ear and the rear double-head mounting ear, and the hydraulic system comprises a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder, which are respectively mounted on the front double-head mounting ear and the rear double-head mounting ear, the first hydraulic cylinder is connected with the front mounting double-head ear, and the second hydraulic cylinder is connected with the rear mounting double-head ear.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of excavator buckets, and in particular to an adjustable excavator bucket. Background Art

[0002] As we all know, the bucket, also called the digging bucket, is the executive end of the excavator and one of the indispensable core structures of the excavator. And because the bucket is in direct contact with the working object of the excavator, it is also one of the components that wears out faster during the use of the excavator.

[0003] After searching, the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN112840085A published on May 25, 2021 discloses an excavator bucket, which is roughly described as including a bottom portion, a first side surface and a second side surface combined with the bottom portion, a main body rod arranged between the first side surface and the second side surface, forming a covering portion on the top of the excavator bucket, a support portion in which a part of the area is combined with the main body rod and another part of the area is combined with the bottom portion, a first combined bracket, which is combined with the main body rod, the covering portion and the support portion, and protrudes toward the outside direction of the excavator bucket, and a second combined bracket, which is formed at a position symmetrical to the first combined bracket, the covering portion and the support portion form a shape bent at least once, and the internal common portion formed between the covering portion and the support portion is a polygonal space of a quadrangle or larger when viewed from the side, and the covering portion includes: an upper extension portion, one side of which is combined with the main body rod, and protrudes toward the outside direction of the excavator bucket. The support portion includes: a rod coupling portion, one side of which is coupled to the main rod; a lower extension portion, which is formed in a shape bent from the rod coupling portion and extends toward the back; and a second back portion, which is formed in a shape bent from the lower extension portion and one side is coupled to the bottom portion, the distance between the upper extension portion and the lower extension portion being closer toward the back, the first combining bracket and the second combining bracket including a plurality of rod holes formed through the side direction, and the excavator bucket also includes: a first combining rod and a second combining rod, which are respectively inserted into the rod holes and coupled to the bucket connector of the excavator, and when in use, the excavator bucket is mounted on the excavator's actuator arm for use through the first combining rod and the second combining rod.

[0004] Although the above-mentioned prior art solution can realize the excavation of the working object during the operation of the excavator, its structure is relatively fixed, the excavation width is relatively fixed, and it is difficult to excavate a narrow groove. At the same time, when the working object is relatively sticky, it is easy to stick and difficult to clean. In addition, when the bucket needs to be replaced due to wear, the installation and removal operations of the first and second connecting rods are relatively laborious;

[0005] The existing patent solutions that can be widened and adjusted to adapt to different excavation widths, for example, CN10608899A relates to a bucket for an intelligent robot for cleaning highway drainage ditches, including a bucket guide groove, a movable jaw, an electric telescopic rod, a fixed round table, a fixed shovel claw, a movable shovel claw, a guide cylinder and an adjusting round rod, wherein the inner end of the movable jaw plate is installed inside the bucket guide groove, and the left and right ends of the electric telescopic rod are respectively fixed to a mounting plate at the center position of the upper end of the outer side of the movable jaw plate through a fixed round table, the fixed shovel claw is fixed at the front end position of the bucket guide groove, the movable shovel claw is respectively located on the left and right sides of the fixed shovel claw, and the guide cylinder passes through the fixed shovel claw. This design requires setting a blocking round table with a larger diameter on both sides of the electric telescopic rod 5113 to prevent limiting and assembly during telescoping, but this design makes the disassembly structure and the sliding support structure designed independently, so that its disassembly and installation are not convenient enough; other existing solutions, for example, CN213268036U relates to a multi-purpose type with adjustable excavation width The bucket comprises a first back plate, a left side plate, a second back plate, a right side plate and a third back plate, the cross sections of the first back plate, the second back plate and the third back plate are all arc-shaped, and the first back plate, the second back plate and the third back plate are arranged in parallel, the left side plate is fixedly connected to one end of the second back plate, and the left side plate is perpendicular to the second back plate, the second back plate is slidably connected to the first back plate along the normal of the left side plate, the right side plate is fixedly connected to one end of the third back plate, and the right side plate is perpendicular to the third back plate, the third back plate is slidably connected to the first back plate along the normal of the right side plate, and the left side plate and the right side plate are arranged back to back. This design can adjust the width of the bucket, and when digging grooves of different widths, the width of the bucket is adapted to the groove, but it needs to adopt a hydraulic motor and a bidirectional lead screw and a gear transmission structure when installing and adjusting two telescopically adjustable buckets, so it needs to design different transmission mechanism parameters according to different buckets, and it still has the defects of inconvenient installation and disassembly, and the defect of low replacement versatility. Summary of the invention

[0006] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an adjustable bucket for an excavator, whose digging width can be adjusted. The bucket width can be adjusted according to the width of the groove to be excavated. It is more flexible to use and convenient for cleaning the adhering work objects. It is more practical. In addition, during the replacement operation after wear, the installation and disassembly of the first combining rod and the second combining rod are more labor-saving and the replacement operation is easier.

[0008] (II) Technical solution

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an adjustable bucket for an excavator, comprising a first combining rod and a second combining rod, and also comprising a bucket middle frame and a hydraulic system, wherein a front bucket end frame and a rear bucket end frame are slidably connected in the bucket middle frame, a front mounting double-head ear and a rear mounting double-head ear are fixedly connected to the bucket middle frame, a first combining hole and a second combining hole are opened on the front mounting double-head ear and the rear mounting double-head ear, the first combining rod and the second combining rod are respectively located in the first combining hole and the second combining hole, and the front bucket end frame and the rear bucket end frame are respectively fixedly connected to The front double-head mounting ear and the rear double-head mounting ear, the hydraulic system includes a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder, the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are respectively installed at the front end of the front double-head mounting ear and the rear end of the rear double-head mounting ear, the front double-head mounting ear and the rear double-head mounting ear are both provided with through holes, the hydraulic telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder respectively pass through the two through holes to the rear of the front double-head mounting ear and the front of the rear double-head mounting ear, and the hydraulic telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to the front mounting double-head ear, and the hydraulic telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the rear mounting double-head ear.

[0010] A follow-up mechanism which is laterally slidably connected to the first combining rod and the second combining rod is provided on the front end of the front double-headed mounting ear and the rear double-headed mounting ear, and a transversely retractable rod is fixedly connected between the bucket teeth on the bucket middle frame and the bucket teeth on both sides of the front bucket end frame and the rear bucket end frame.

[0011] Preferably, on the basis of the above-mentioned scheme, the follower mechanism includes a first conical hole and a second conical hole respectively provided on the front double-head mounting ear and the rear double-head mounting ear, the front and rear ends of the first combining rod are fixedly connected with a first conical rod matching the first conical hole, and the front and rear ends of the second combining rod are fixedly connected with a second conical rod matching the second conical hole.

[0012] Further on the basis of the above scheme, the front-mounted double-head ears and the rear-mounted double-head ears are arranged symmetrically front and back.

[0013] Further on the basis of the above scheme, oblique tie plates are fixedly connected between the front double-headed mounting ears and the front bucket end frame, and between the rear double-headed mounting ears and the rear bucket end frame.

[0014] Further on the basis of the above solution, the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are both equipped with high-pressure pipes for receiving and sending hydraulic oil.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above scheme, a surrounding protective plate for protecting the front bucket end frame and the rear bucket end frame is fixedly connected to the bucket mid-frame.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above solution, interference fit is adopted between the first combining rod and the first combining hole, and between the second combining rod and the second combining hole.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above scheme, both front and rear ends of the bucket mid-frame are provided with gradual chamfers that match the front bucket end frame and the rear bucket end frame respectively.

[0018] As a further solution of the above solution, bucket teeth can be detachably installed on the left end of the bucket mid-frame, the left end of the front bucket end frame and the left end of the rear bucket end frame.

[0019] As a further solution of the above solution, the front bucket end frame and the rear bucket end frame both adopt a gradual wide-mouth structure with a large opening on the left side and a small inner side.

[0020] (III) Beneficial effects

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an adjustable bucket for an excavator, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. In the present invention, the coordinated design of the hydraulic telescopic rod and the two transverse connecting rods and the transverse telescopic rods between the buckets at the bottom makes it possible to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the three bucket frames on the basis of realizing the widening adjustment of the buckets, and only the first combining rod and the second combining rod of the same size are needed to realize the assembly of different bucket frames, and the installation and disassembly and width telescopic support mechanism are the same hydraulic telescopic mechanism.

[0023] 2. In the present invention, through the cooperation of the bucket middle frame, the front bucket end frame and the rear bucket end frame, the front bucket end frame and the rear bucket end frame can be adjusted relative to the bucket middle frame, so that the overall width formed by the cooperation of the bucket middle frame, the front bucket end frame and the rear bucket end frame can be adjusted to the corresponding width according to the width of the groove to be excavated, which is more flexible to use.

[0024] 3. In the present invention, by installing a hydraulic system, it is convenient to drive and adjust the position of the front bucket end frame relative to the bucket middle frame and the position of the rear bucket end frame relative to the bucket middle frame. At the same time, when the excavator uses an adjustable bucket with an internally adhered work object, the adhered work object can be cleaned by changing the position of the front bucket end frame relative to the bucket middle frame and the position of the rear bucket end frame relative to the bucket middle frame, which is more practical.

[0025] 4. In the present invention, by installing the first combining rod, the second combining rod, the front mounting double-headed ear and the rear mounting double-headed ear, it is convenient to install and connect the bucket midframe with the excavator's actuator arm. At the same time, by designing the front double-headed mounting ear and the rear double-headed mounting ear, it is convenient to push the first combining rod and the second combining rod in the first combining hole and the second combining hole respectively while realizing the installation of the hydraulic system. This makes the installation and disassembly of the first combining rod and the second combining rod less laborious during the replacement operation of the adjustable bucket of the excavator after it is worn, and the replacement operation is easier. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention decomposed from another angle;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of another angle of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a partial cross-section of the rear double-head mounting ears of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1. first combining rod; 2. second combining rod; 3. bucket middle frame; 4. front bucket end frame; 5. rear bucket end frame; 6. front mounting double-head ear; 7. rear mounting double-head ear; 8. front double-head mounting ear; 9. rear double-head mounting ear; 10. penetration hole; 11. first tapered hole; 12. second tapered hole; 13. first tapered rod; 14. second tapered rod; 15. oblique rib plate; 16. high-pressure pipe; 17. surrounding protective plate; 18. gradual chamfer; 19. bucket tooth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Example

[0033] See also Figure 1-5, an adjustable bucket for an excavator, comprising a first combining rod 1 and a second combining rod 2, a bucket middle frame 3 and a hydraulic system, a front bucket end frame 4 and a rear bucket end frame 5 are slidably connected in the bucket middle frame 3, and the front bucket end frame 4 and the rear bucket end frame 5 can be adjusted relative to the bucket middle frame 3 through the cooperation of the bucket middle frame 3, the front bucket end frame 4 and the rear bucket end frame 5, so that the overall width formed by the cooperation of the bucket middle frame 3, the front bucket end frame 4 and the rear bucket end frame 5 can be adjusted according to the width of the strip groove to be excavated, and the use is more flexible, and the bucket middle frame 3 is fixedly connected with the front bucket end frame 4 and the rear bucket The end frame 5 is protected by a surrounding protective plate 17, and the front and rear ends of the bucket middle frame 3 are provided with a gradual chamfer 18 that matches the front bucket end frame 4 and the rear bucket end frame 5 respectively. The left end of the bucket middle frame 3, the left end of the front bucket end frame 4 and the left end of the rear bucket end frame 5 can be detachably installed with bucket teeth 19, which is convenient for the front and rear surface breaking of the working object during operation. The front bucket end frame 4 and the rear bucket end frame 5 both adopt a gradual wide-mouth structure with a large opening on the left and a small inside, which is convenient for the entry and discharge of the working object and reduces the adhesion of the working object. The bucket middle frame 3 is fixedly connected with a front-mounted double-headed ear 6 and a rear-mounted double-headed ear 7, and the front-mounted double-headed ear 6 and the rear-mounted double-headed ear 7 is symmetrically arranged front and back, and a first combining hole and a second combining hole are provided on the front mounting double-head ear 6 and the rear mounting double-head ear 7. The first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2 are respectively located in the first combining hole and the second combining hole. Through the installation of the first combining rod 1, the second combining rod 2, the front mounting double-head ear 6 and the rear mounting double-head ear 7, it is convenient to install and connect the bucket mid-frame 3 with the execution arm of the excavator. The first combining rod 1 and the first combining hole and the second combining rod 2 and the second combining hole are both interference fit, so that the first combining rod 1 in the first combining hole and the second combining rod 2 in the second combining hole are both relatively fixed, and the front bucket end frame 4 and The rear bucket end frame 5 is respectively fixedly connected with a front double-headed mounting ear 8 and a rear double-headed mounting ear 9. Through the design of the front double-headed mounting ear 8 and the rear double-headed mounting ear 9, the installation of the hydraulic system is realized while facilitating the pushing of the first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2 in the first combining hole and the second combining hole respectively, so that the installation and disassembly of the first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2 during the replacement operation of the adjustable bucket of the excavator after wear is relatively labor-saving, and the replacement operation is relatively easy. The front double-headed mounting ear 8 and the front bucket end frame 4, as well as the rear double-headed mounting ear 9 and the rear bucket end frame 5 are fixedly connected with an inclined tie plate 15 to improve the structural strength.

[0034] A follow-up mechanism which is laterally slidably connected to the first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2 is provided on the front end of the front double-headed mounting ear 8 and the rear double-headed mounting ear 9, and a transverse retractable rod is fixedly connected between the bucket teeth 19 on the bucket middle frame 3 and the bucket teeth 19 on both sides of the front bucket end frame 4 and the rear bucket end frame 5.

[0035] It should be further explained that the follow-up mechanism includes a first tapered hole 11 and a second tapered hole 12 respectively formed on the front double-headed mounting ear 8 and the rear double-headed mounting ear 9, and the front and rear ends of the first combining rod 1 are fixedly connected with a first tapered rod 13 matching the first tapered hole 11, and the front and rear ends of the second combining rod 2 are fixedly connected with a second tapered rod 14 matching the second tapered hole 12, so as to facilitate the relative pushing of the front double-headed mounting ear 8 and the first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2 and the relative position limitation and guidance of the rear double-headed mounting ear 9 and the first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2 when the front double-headed mounting ear 8 and the rear double-headed mounting ear 9 are pushed. The hydraulic system includes a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder, which are respectively mounted on the front end of the front double-headed mounting ear 8 and the rear end of the rear double-headed mounting ear 9, and the front double-headed mounting ear 8 and the rear double-headed mounting ear 9 are both provided with a through hole. Through hole 10, the hydraulic telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder respectively pass through the two through holes 10 to the rear of the front double-head mounting ear 8 and the front of the rear double-head mounting ear 9, and the hydraulic telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to the front mounting double-head ear 6, and the hydraulic telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the rear mounting double-head ear 7. Through the installation of the hydraulic system, it is convenient to drive and adjust the position of the front bucket end frame 4 relative to the bucket middle frame 3 and the position of the rear bucket end frame 5 relative to the bucket middle frame 3. At the same time, when the excavator uses an adjustable bucket for internal adhesion of the working object, the position of the front bucket end frame 4 relative to the bucket middle frame 3 and the position of the rear bucket end frame 5 relative to the bucket middle frame 3 can be changed to clean the adhesion of the working object, which is more practical. High-pressure pipes 16 for receiving and sending hydraulic oil are installed on the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder, which facilitates the connection between the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic oil system on the excavator respectively.

[0036] In summary, when the adjustable bucket for excavator is used, the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are first connected to the hydraulic oil supply system on the vehicle of the excavator through the high-pressure pipe 16. The first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are both mature products on the market purchased according to the needs of use. The technicians in the corresponding fields of these products are well known. They are only used here, and they are equipped with a control switch. The installation position of the control switch can be controlled by the operator in the cab. After the installation is completed, the adjustable bucket for excavator can be installed on the execution arm of the excavator through the first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2. During the installation process, the first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2 can be pushed by controlling the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder, so that the first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2 can enter the first combining hole and the second combining hole with less effort, and when the first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2 are disassembled, the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder can also be used to push the first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2 out of the first combining hole and the second combining hole respectively. Before use, the working limit of the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder is limited to avoid When adjusting the front bucket end frame 4 and the rear bucket end frame 5, the first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2 are not pushed out by mistake. When it is necessary to dig a narrow groove, the front bucket end frame 4 and the rear bucket end frame 5 are adjusted relative to the bucket middle frame 3 by the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder, so that the adjustable bucket of the excavator can be adjusted. In this process, the lockable and detachable transverse telescopic rods between the bucket teeth 19 on the bucket middle frame 3 and the bucket teeth 19 on both sides of the front bucket end frame 4 and the rear bucket end frame 5 can be passively extended and retracted to adapt to the width adjustment, and multiple buckets can be prevented from being adjusted. The frame is accidentally separated, and the locking module is eliminated during disassembly, and the lateral telescopic rod is removed. The locking module is opened during normal operation to ensure the width adjustment effect. During installation, it is only necessary to insert the front bucket end frame 4 and the rear bucket end frame 5 into the penetration hole 10 through the first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2. Therefore, it has strong versatility, and disassembly, installation and operation are relatively simple. The first combining rod 1 and the second combining rod 2 can complete the sliding adaptation during telescoping and can also complete the assembly and support of each bucket frame, so that the adjustment mechanism and the docking mechanism can be integrated into an integrated design.

Claims

1. An adjustable bucket for an excavator, comprising a first connecting rod (1) and a second connecting rod (2), characterized in that: Also includes: A bucket middle frame (3), wherein a front bucket end frame (4) and a rear bucket end frame (5) are slidably connected inside the bucket middle frame (3), a front mounting double-head ear (6) and a rear mounting double-head ear (7) are fixedly connected to the bucket middle frame (3), a first combining hole and a second combining hole are provided on the front mounting double-head ear (6) and the rear mounting double-head ear (7), the first combining rod (1) and the second combining rod (2) are respectively located in the first combining hole and the second combining hole, the front bucket end frame (4) and the rear bucket end frame (5) are respectively fixedly connected with a front double-head mounting ear (8) and a rear double-head mounting ear (9), wherein the first combining rod (1) and the second combining rod (2) are pushed by controlling the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder; A hydraulic system, wherein the hydraulic system comprises a first hydraulic cylinder and a second hydraulic cylinder, the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are respectively mounted at the front end of a front double-head mounting ear (8) and the rear end of a rear double-head mounting ear (9), the front double-head mounting ear (8) and the rear double-head mounting ear (9) are both provided with a through hole (10), the hydraulic telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder respectively pass through the two through holes (10) to the rear of the front double-head mounting ear (8) and the front of the rear double-head mounting ear (9), and the hydraulic telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to the front mounting double-head ear (6), and the hydraulic telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the front mounting double-head ear (6). The hydraulic telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the rear mounting double-head ear (7), and the left end of the bucket middle frame (3), the left end of the front bucket end frame (4) and the left end of the rear bucket end frame (5) are all detachably mounted with bucket teeth (19), wherein a follower mechanism which is laterally slidably connected to the first combining rod (1) and the second combining rod (2) is provided on the front end of the front double-head mounting ear (8) and the rear double-head mounting ear (9), and a transversely telescopic rod is fixedly connected between the bucket teeth (19) on the bucket middle frame (3) and the bucket teeth (19) on both sides of the front bucket end frame (4) and the rear bucket end frame (5), The front double-headed mounting ear (8) and the rear double-headed mounting ear (9) are respectively provided with a first tapered hole (11) and a second tapered hole (12); the front and rear ends of the first combining rod (1) are fixedly connected with a first tapered rod (13) matching the first tapered hole (11); the front and rear ends of the second combining rod (2) are fixedly connected with a second tapered rod (14) matching the second tapered hole (12).

2. The adjustable bucket for excavator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front mounting double-head ear (6) and the rear mounting double-head ear (7) are arranged symmetrically front and back.

3. The adjustable bucket for excavator according to claim 2, characterized in that: An oblique tie plate (15) is fixedly connected between the front double-head mounting ear (8) and the front bucket end frame (4), and between the rear double-head mounting ear (9) and the rear bucket end frame (5).

4. The adjustable bucket for excavator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are both equipped with high-pressure pipes (16) for receiving and delivering hydraulic oil.

5. The adjustable bucket for excavator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bucket middle frame (3) is fixedly connected with a surrounding protective plate (17) for protecting the front bucket end frame (4) and the rear bucket end frame (5).

6. The adjustable bucket for excavator according to claim 5, characterized in that: An interference fit is adopted between the first combining rod (1) and the first combining hole, and between the second combining rod (2) and the second combining hole.

7. The adjustable bucket for excavator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front and rear ends of the bucket mid-frame (3) are both provided with gradual chamfers (18) respectively matching the front bucket end frame (4) and the rear bucket end frame (5).

8. The adjustable bucket for excavator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bucket tooth (19) is a metal conical structure.

9. The adjustable bucket for excavator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The front bucket end frame (4) and the rear bucket end frame (5) both adopt a gradually wide-mouth structure with a larger opening on the left side and a smaller opening inside.

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