A method and system for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste. The method comprises a pre-treatment step and a post-treatment step, wherein the pre-treatment forms leaching wastewater and waste residue; the post-treatment separately treats the waste residue and wastewater obtained by the pre-treatment, wherein the waste residue is first made into a slurry, and then subjected to shock washing, air flotation treatment, and then filtered to separate sulfur powder from charcoal powder and metal powder, and pulp residue, mud, and sand are separated, and finally charcoal powder is separated from metal powder; the wastewater of the pre-treatment and the waste liquid filtered and separated in the post-treatment are separated or mixed according to the types of oxidants contained. The present invention The method and system for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste provided by the present invention have a simple process, greatly improve the efficiency and effect of harmless treatment of fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste, and no harmful substances are generated during the treatment process, and no secondary pollution of the environment is caused, which greatly expands the application scope of recycling fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and in particular relates to a method and system for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste. Background Art

[0002] Hazardous wastes from fireworks and firecrackers mainly include waste pyrotechnic powder, waste black powder, waste fuse, waste fruit pieces, waste display shells, waste launch rocket products, other waste fireworks and firecracker products, and waste semi-finished products containing medicines that are discarded, left over, or dropped on the ground during the production process of fireworks and firecrackers manufacturers; they also include the following categories: liquid wastes filtered out through "immersion and precipitation" in pre-treatment, hazardous waste residues in wastewater ditches, waste reducing agent chemical raw materials for fireworks and firecrackers (such as aluminum powder, aluminum-magnesium alloy powder, metal titanium powder, sulfur, etc.), waste oxidant chemical raw materials for fireworks and firecrackers (such as potassium nitrate, barium nitrate, potassium chlorate, etc.), fireworks The wastewater generated by filtering the hazardous waste of firecrackers after sedimentation and soaking, and the wastewater used to clean the ground every day by fireworks and firecracker manufacturers; the above-mentioned hazardous wastes are flammable, explosive, and reactive. Improper disposal will not only cause safety accidents, such as an explosion of black powder caused by collision or friction during loading and unloading, which in turn caused the fireworks and firecrackers that had been unloaded into the ditch to burn and explode, or people who buy waste products knock on abandoned aluminum basins that had been used to mix drugs to remove the remaining drugs, which were ignited and exploded due to impact, or accidents such as smoking igniting abandoned drugs, etc., will also cause environmental pollution.

[0003] Fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste includes firecrackers hazardous waste and fireworks hazardous waste. Firecrackers hazardous waste is divided into three types: white gunpowder, fuse, and sealing powder. "White gunpowder": its main ingredients are "potassium perchlorate, aluminum powder and aluminum-magnesium alloy powder, sulfur powder", among which: "potassium perchlorate" is an oxidant, "aluminum powder and aluminum-magnesium alloy powder, sulfur powder" is a reducing agent; its characteristics are flammable and explosive, and extremely dangerous.

[0004] Hazardous waste chemicals in fireworks are divided into "launching medicine" and "effect medicine (bright powder)". The main function of "launching medicine" is to shoot fireworks into the sky. "Launching medicine" is "black powder", also called "military saltpeter", and its main ingredients are "potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal powder"; among them: "potassium nitrate" is an oxidizing agent, and "sulfur powder and charcoal powder" are reducing agents; its characteristics are flammable, explosive, and extremely dangerous.

[0005] The existing technology for treating hazardous waste from fireworks and firecrackers is to make "aluminum powder and aluminum-magnesium alloy powder" no longer "reactive"; to allow oxidants such as "potassium perchlorate and potassium nitrate" to dissolve in water so that they are no longer flammable and explosive; and to use sodium hydroxide as a catalyst and heat "aluminum powder and aluminum-magnesium alloy powder" to above 60°C to turn them into "aluminum hydroxide", which is no longer dangerous.

[0006] For example, a method for treating fireworks waste with announcement number CN108787703B uses sodium hydroxide treatment combined with temperature control to decompose high-molecular and large-molecular substances in fireworks waste, and is beneficial to the dissolution of unburned active metals, such as improving the dissolution rate of copper, magnesium, and aluminum, and is also beneficial to the inhibition of microbial activity. Through anti-static treatment, the volume resistivity or surface resistivity of fine slurry can be effectively reduced, thereby eliminating or reducing static electricity hazards, and preventing the material from reacting, thereby preventing explosion during ultrasonic treatment, which is beneficial to improving the ultrasonic extraction effect, and using corn starch to adsorb nitric acid to strengthen the contact between nitric acid and slurry, and further combining with ultrasonic extraction technology, shortening the process time, and improving the recovery rate of copper, magnesium, and aluminum. Through chitosan treatment, the impurity content is reduced, which is beneficial to the removal of pigments.

[0007] Another example is a device for processing waste drugs generated during the production of fireworks and firecrackers with a publication number of CN106269816B, which processes the waste drugs by designing a new device.

[0008] Since the above-mentioned prior art has not formed a good industrial treatment method, many fireworks companies have accumulated a large amount of waste waiting to be processed, which has brought great pressure to production operations and posed great safety and environmental risks.

[0009] Therefore, conducting research on the resource utilization of hazardous waste from fireworks and firecrackers not only has practical economic benefits, but also has far-reaching ecological and environmental significance. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the inventor provides a method for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste, which can reduce the amount of thallium-containing sludge, render it harmless, and achieve resource management.

[0011] Specifically, one of the technical solutions involved in the present invention is:

[0012] The method for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste provided by the present invention includes a pre-treatment step and a post-treatment step. The pre-treatment step includes classifying the fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste, classifying the fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste according to whether the fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste can be moved, and performing different treatments on the classified waste.

[0013] The pre-treatment is specifically as follows: the fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste is divided into movable solid waste and non-movable waste. The pre-treatment of the movable solid waste includes the following steps: A) soaking, B) filtering, C) solid-liquid separation to form waste liquid and waste residue to be entered into the post-treatment step;

[0014] The pre-treatment of the immovable waste includes the following steps: A) flushing, B) low temperature soaking to form wastewater to enter the post-treatment step.

[0015] The movable solid waste includes waste fireworks shells, waste rocket products, other waste fireworks and firecrackers, and waste semi-finished products containing medicines;

[0016] Waste that cannot be moved includes waste white gunpowder, waste black gunpowder, waste fuse, and waste sealing powder that have fallen on the ground.

[0017] The post-treatment is specifically: the waste residue, waste liquid and waste residue obtained by the pre-treatment are treated separately, and the treatment of the waste residue includes the following steps:

[0018] a. Add a certain proportion of water and surfactant to the No. 1 cleaning pool, add waste slag as required, stir evenly, and make waste slag slurry to effectively separate the "sulfur powder, charcoal powder, and waste metal powder" adsorbed on the waste slag;

[0019] b. The waste residue slurry is subjected to ultrasonic vibration washing and air flotation treatment to obtain an upper liquid and a lower liquid containing residues. The upper liquid is mainly composed of floating sulfur powder, charcoal powder, and metal powder, and the lower liquid containing residues is mainly pulp residues, mud, and sand;

[0020] c. The upper liquid is pumped into the blade filter for heating and filtration. The sulfur is deposited on the blades of the blade filter and is heated to form a filtrate, which is then separated and recycled. The filter residue is charcoal powder and metal powder, which are then recycled;

[0021] d. The residue-containing liquid is pumped into a filter press for filtration, the filtered residue is added to a second cleaning tank, and subjected to flotation treatment and ultrasonic vibration washing, the residue-containing liquid is pumped into a filter press for filtration, the residue obtained after filtration is subjected to gravity separation, the filtrate obtained after filtration is refluxed and pumped into the No. 1 cleaning tank for further circulation treatment, when the concentration of the "oxidant (potassium perchlorate or potassium nitrate)" in the cleaning water in the "No. 1 cleaning tank in step a" reaches about 5%, the water is subjected to reverse osmosis and distillation concentration treatment to make the effluent meet the discharge or reuse standards, and the concentrate is dried and recycled;

[0022] e. Add the filter residue containing charcoal powder and metal powder into the reactor, add a certain proportion of water, mix well, add sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate in sequence according to requirements, react fully at a certain temperature and time, stop stirring when floccules can be observed in the solution, take the precipitate for drying and recycling, filter the liquid to obtain charcoal powder for recycling;

[0023] f. Pulp residue, mud and sand are recycled after flotation treatment.

[0024] Preferably, the surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

[0025] Preferably, the specific process of step b of the No. 1 cleaning tank is: first, flotation cleaning for about 20 minutes, then ultrasonic vibration cleaning for about 20 minutes, flotation cleaning for 20 minutes, ultrasonic vibration cleaning for 20 minutes again, repeating three times and then settling for about 20 minutes to obtain an upper liquid and a lower liquid containing residues.

[0026] Preferably, the blade filter is provided with a heating layer for the filtrate, which can be heated by heat transfer oil at a temperature of 120-150°C.

[0027] Preferably, the specific process of flotation treatment and ultrasonic vibration washing in step d of the second cleaning tank is: first, flotation cleaning for about 20 minutes, then ultrasonic vibration washing for about 20 minutes, flotation cleaning for 20 minutes and ultrasonic vibration washing for 20 minutes again, repeating three times and then settling for about 20 minutes to obtain an upper liquid and a lower liquid containing residues.

[0028] Preferably, the weight ratio of solid to liquid in step e is (10-50):(90-50), preferably 30:70.

[0029] Preferably, the specific process of step e is: adding the mixture of charcoal powder and metal powder into a reactor, adding a certain amount of water, adding a small amount of NaOH into the reactor as a catalyst, the amount of NaOH used is 1-3% of the weight of the solid powder, and then adding a small amount of hydrogen peroxide (the weight ratio of hydrogen peroxide to water is 1:1000) and potassium permanganate (the weight ratio to water is 0.3:1000) as oxidants, which are added when the temperature of the material in the reactor is about 30°C; then slowly raising the temperature of the material until it is heated to about 80°C, keeping warm and stirring the reaction for 8-10 hours, allowing the aluminum powder and the aluminum-magnesium alloy powder to fully react; they are transformed into aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide flocs respectively, and after precipitation, the charcoal powder will float on the water, and the aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide will precipitate.

[0030] Preferably, the specific process of the reverse osmosis and distillation concentration treatment in step d is: determine the source of the wastewater and waste liquid, and treat the wastewater and waste liquid separately according to the different sources; first, the reverse osmosis effluent meets the discharge standard for discharge, and the effluent that does not meet the discharge standard is subjected to negative pressure distillation dehydration and crystallization, heated to 40-90°C (preferably 70°C), and the negative pressure is pumped to -0.03 to -0.098 MPa, preferably -0.07 MPa. After no water flows out of the sight glass, nitrogen is used to release the pressure, the vacuum pump is turned off, the crystals in the reactor are taken out, and they are recycled after drying, while the distilled water and the effluent that meets the discharge standard enter the circulation treatment.

[0031] The second technical solution of the present invention is:

[0032] The fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste treatment system provided by the present invention comprises a pre-treatment unit and a post-treatment unit, wherein the post-treatment unit comprises a primary cleaning unit, a secondary cleaning unit, a sulfur filtering unit, a concentrated wastewater treatment unit and a metal powder disposal unit, a No. 1 cleaning tank, a No. 1 filter press and a No. 1 water storage tank, wherein the No. 1 cleaning tank is provided with an air flotation water washing device and an ultrasonic vibration cleaning device, wherein the waste residue slurry in the No. 1 cleaning tank is subjected to air flotation and vibration washing, and the lower liquid enters the No. 1 filter press for filtration, and the filtered water enters the No. 1 water storage tank and / or returns to the No. 1 cleaning tank; the secondary cleaning unit comprises a No. 2 cleaning tank, a No. 2 filter press and a No. 2 water storage tank, wherein the filter residue in the No. 1 cleaning tank enters the No. 2 cleaning tank, and the lower liquid enters the No. 2 filter press for filtration, and the filtered water enters the No. 2 water storage tank and / or returns to the No. 2 cleaning tank;

[0033] The sulfur removal unit includes a blade filter, a condenser, a No. 1 buffer tank, a water ring vacuum pump, a No. 2 buffer tank, and a spray tower, which are connected in sequence by pipelines;

[0034] The concentrated wastewater treatment unit processes concentrated water filtered out by the primary cleaning unit, including a reverse osmosis device and a No. 1 negative pressure distillation device. The concentrated water is subjected to reverse osmosis and negative pressure distillation to obtain crystals, and the reverse osmosis device discharges fresh water for discharge or recycling;

[0035] The metal powder disposal unit includes a blade filter, a reactor, a No. 3 filter press, and a No. 2 negative pressure distillation device. The blade filter, the reactor, and the No. 3 filter press are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the reactor is also connected to the No. 2 negative pressure distillation device through a pipeline.

[0036] Preferably, the blade filter is provided with a heating layer for the filtrate, and the heating layer can be formed by a heat transfer oil cavity filled with heat transfer oil.

[0037] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0038] In the treatment process of the present invention, the pre-treatment firstly separately treats the waste water and waste liquid from the "firecracker factory" and the "firework factory", which can effectively separate potassium perchlorate and potassium nitrate; the fireworks and firecracker hazardous waste is treated by separate immersion according to whether it is movable solid waste, and the pre-treatment greatly improves the safety of the "fireworks and firecracker hazardous waste" during the collection, storage, loading and unloading, transportation and the like; the waste residue obtained by the pre-treatment is effectively separated from the charcoal powder and the metal powder by ultrasonic vibration and flotation treatment, and the heating layer of the filtrate is set by the blade filter to effectively treat the sulfur, and the charcoal powder and the metal powder discharged from the slag outlet of the blade filter are effectively treated by alkali treatment to obtain solid charcoal powder, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide powder for resource utilization, and mud, sand and pulp are also effectively separated; the waste liquid and waste water in the pre-treatment and post-treatment processes are treated by circulation and reverse osmosis, distillation and concentration to meet the discharge standards, and can be recycled and discharged.

[0039] In conclusion, the method and system for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste provided by the present invention has a simple process, greatly improves the efficiency and effect of harmless treatment of fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste, does not produce any harmful substances during the treatment process, and does not cause secondary pollution to the environment, greatly expanding the application scope of recycling fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste. It is easy to operate, low in cost, and has a high utilization rate, and has a good application prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0042] The present invention is further described with reference to specific examples. The following examples are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the contents thereof.

[0043] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, a system for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste is provided, such as Figure 1 As shown; including a pre-treatment unit (not shown in the figure) and a post-treatment unit. At present, the pre-treatment unit is set up in the factory area of ​​the fireworks and firecrackers production enterprise, and the post-treatment unit is set up in the disposal center. The leached waste residue, leached waste liquid, and waste water from washing the ground after the "pre-treatment" are all transported to the disposal center for separate treatment. The post-treatment unit includes a primary cleaning unit, a secondary cleaning unit, a sulfur filtration unit, a concentrated wastewater treatment unit, and a metal powder disposal unit. Among them, the primary cleaning unit includes a 1# cleaning tank, a 1# pressure The 1# cleaning tank is provided with an air flotation washing device and an ultrasonic vibration cleaning device. The waste residue slurry in the 1# cleaning tank is subjected to air flotation and vibration washing, and the lower liquid enters the 1# filter press for filtration, and the filtered water enters the 1# water storage tank, and / or returns to the 1# cleaning tank; the secondary cleaning unit includes a 2# cleaning tank, a 2# filter press, and a 2# water storage tank. The filter residue in the 1# cleaning tank enters the 2# cleaning tank, and is subjected to air flotation and vibration washing. The lower liquid enters the 2# filter press for filtration, and the filtered water enters the 2# water storage tank, and / or returns to the 2# cleaning tank;

[0044] The sulfur removal unit includes a blade filter, a condenser, a No. 1 buffer tank, a water ring vacuum pump, a No. 2 buffer tank, and a spray tower, which are connected in sequence by pipelines;

[0045] The concentrated wastewater treatment unit processes concentrated water filtered out by the primary cleaning unit, including a reverse osmosis device and a 1# negative pressure distillation device. The concentrated water is subjected to reverse osmosis and negative pressure distillation to obtain crystals, and the reverse osmosis device discharges fresh water for discharge or recycling;

[0046] The metal powder disposal unit includes a blade filter, a reactor, a 3# filter press, and a 2# negative pressure distillation device. The blade filter, the reactor, and the 3# filter press are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the reactor is also connected to the 2# negative pressure distillation device through a pipeline;

[0047] The blade filter is provided with a heating layer for the filtrate, and the heating layer can be formed by a heat transfer oil cavity filled with heat transfer oil.

[0048] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, a method for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste is provided, including a pre-treatment step and a post-treatment step. The pre-treatment step includes classifying the fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste, classifying the fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste according to whether the fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste can be moved, and performing different treatments on the classified waste.

[0049] The pre-treatment is specifically as follows: the fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste is divided into movable solid waste and non-movable waste. The pre-treatment of the movable solid waste includes the following steps: A) soaking, B) filtering, C) solid-liquid separation to form waste liquid and waste residue to be entered into the post-treatment step;

[0050] The pre-treatment of the immovable waste includes the following steps: A) flushing, B) low temperature soaking to form wastewater to enter the post-treatment step.

[0051] The movable solid waste includes waste fireworks shells, waste rocket products, other waste fireworks and firecrackers, and waste semi-finished products containing medicines;

[0052] Waste that cannot be moved includes waste white gunpowder, waste black gunpowder, waste fuse, and waste sealing powder that have fallen on the ground.

[0053] The post-treatment is specifically: the waste residue, waste liquid and waste residue obtained by the pre-treatment are treated separately, and the treatment of the waste residue includes the following steps:

[0054] a. Add a certain proportion of water and surfactant to the 1# cleaning pool, add waste slag as required, stir evenly, and make waste slag slurry to effectively separate the "sulfur powder, charcoal powder, and waste metal powder" adsorbed on the waste slag;

[0055] b. The waste residue slurry is subjected to ultrasonic vibration washing and air flotation treatment to obtain an upper liquid and a lower liquid containing residues. The upper liquid is mainly composed of floating sulfur powder, charcoal powder, and metal powder, and the lower liquid containing residues is mainly pulp residues, mud, and sand;

[0056] c. The upper liquid is pumped into the blade filter for heating and filtration. The sulfur is deposited on the blades of the blade filter and is heated to form a filtrate, which is then separated and recycled. The filter residue is charcoal powder and metal powder, which are then recycled;

[0057] d. The residue-containing liquid is pumped into a filter press for filtration, the filtered residue is added to a 2# cleaning tank, and subjected to flotation treatment and ultrasonic vibration washing, the obtained residue-containing liquid is pumped into a filter press for filtration, the residue obtained after filtration is subjected to gravity separation, the filtrate obtained after filtration is refluxed and pumped into the 1# cleaning tank for further circulation treatment, when the concentration of the "oxidant (potassium perchlorate or potassium nitrate)" in the cleaning water in the "1# cleaning tank in step a" reaches about 5%, the water is subjected to reverse osmosis and distillation concentration treatment to make the effluent meet the discharge or reuse standards, and the concentrate is dried and recycled;

[0058] e. Add the filter residue containing charcoal powder and metal powder into the reactor, add a certain proportion of water, mix well, add sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate in sequence according to requirements, react fully at a certain temperature and time, stop stirring when floccules can be observed in the solution, take the precipitate for drying and recycling, filter the liquid to obtain charcoal powder for recycling;

[0059] f. Pulp residue, mud and sand are recycled after flotation treatment.

[0060] The surfactant of this embodiment is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

[0061] The specific process of step b of the 1# cleaning pool of this embodiment is: first, flotation cleaning for about 20 minutes, then ultrasonic vibration cleaning for about 20 minutes, flotation cleaning for 20 minutes and ultrasonic vibration cleaning for 20 minutes again, repeating three times and then settling for about 20 minutes to obtain an upper liquid and a lower liquid containing residues.

[0062] The blade filter of this embodiment is provided with a heating layer for the filtrate, which can be heated by heat transfer oil, and the heating temperature is 120-150°C.

[0063] The specific process of flotation treatment and ultrasonic vibration washing in step d of the 2# cleaning tank of this embodiment is: first, flotation washing for about 20 minutes, then ultrasonic vibration washing for about 20 minutes, flotation washing for 20 minutes and ultrasonic vibration washing for 20 minutes again, repeating three times and then settling for about 20 minutes to obtain an upper liquid and a lower liquid containing residues.

[0064] In step e of this embodiment, the solid-liquid weight ratio is 30:70.

[0065] The specific process of step e of this embodiment is as follows: adding a mixture of charcoal powder and metal powder into a reactor, adding a certain amount of water, adding a small amount of NaOH into the reactor as a catalyst, the amount of NaOH used is 1-3% of the weight of the solid powder, and then adding a small amount of hydrogen peroxide (the weight ratio of hydrogen peroxide to water is 1:1000) and potassium permanganate (the weight ratio to water is 0.3:1000) as oxidants, which are added when the material temperature in the reactor is about 30°C; then slowly raising the material temperature until it is heated to about 80°C, keeping warm and stirring the reaction for 8-10 hours, so that the aluminum powder and the aluminum-magnesium alloy powder react fully; they become aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide flocs respectively, and after precipitation, the charcoal powder will float on the water, and the aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide will precipitate.

[0066] The specific process of the reverse osmosis and distillation concentration treatment in step d of this embodiment is as follows: the sources of waste water and waste liquid are determined, and waste water and waste liquid from different sources are treated separately. Since the drug components of the "firecracker factory" and the "fireworks factory" are different, the drug of the "firecracker factory" is "white powder", which contains potassium perchlorate, etc., while the drug of the "fireworks factory" is "black powder", which contains potassium nitrate, etc. Only by treating them separately according to the different sources can potassium nitrate and barium nitrate be effectively separated from potassium perchlorate and potassium chlorate; first, after reverse osmosis treatment, the treated water reaches the discharge standard and is discharged. If it does not reach the discharge standard, negative pressure distillation dehydration and crystallization are carried out, heated to 70°C, and the negative pressure is pumped to -0.07 MPa. After no water flows out of the sight glass, nitrogen is used to release the pressure, the vacuum pump is turned off, the crystals in the reactor are taken out, and the crystals are recycled after drying, while the distilled water and the discharge water that meets the discharge standard enter the circulation treatment.

[0067] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste, characterized in that: The method comprises a pre-treatment step and a post-treatment step. The pre-treatment step comprises classifying fireworks and firecracker hazardous wastes, classifying the fireworks and firecracker hazardous wastes according to whether the fireworks and firecracker hazardous wastes can be moved, and performing different treatments on the classified wastes. The pre-treatment step comprises: classifying fireworks and firecracker hazardous wastes into movable solid wastes and non-movable wastes. The pre-treatment of the movable solid wastes comprises the following steps: A) soaking, B) filtering, and C) solid-liquid separation to form leached wastewater and waste residue to be entered into the post-treatment step. The pre-treatment of the non-movable wastes comprises the following steps: Steps: A) water washing, B) low temperature soaking, forming wastewater to enter the post-treatment step; the post-treatment is: the waste residue and wastewater obtained in the pre-treatment are treated separately, wherein the waste residue is first made into slurry, and then through shock washing, air flotation treatment, and then filtration, sulfur powder is separated from charcoal powder and metal powder, and pulp residue, mud, sand are separated, and finally charcoal powder is separated from metal powder; the wastewater of the pre-treatment and the waste liquid filtered and separated in the post-treatment are separated or mixed according to the type of oxidant contained; the treatment of the waste residue in the post-treatment includes the following steps: a. Add a certain proportion of water and surfactant to the No. 1 cleaning tank, add waste slag as required, stir evenly, and make waste slag slurry to effectively separate the sulfur powder, charcoal powder, and waste metal powder adsorbed on the waste slag; b. The waste residue slurry is subjected to ultrasonic vibration washing and air flotation treatment to obtain an upper liquid and a lower liquid containing residues. The upper liquid is mainly composed of floating sulfur powder, charcoal powder, and metal powder, and the lower liquid containing residues is mainly pulp residues, mud, and sand; c. The upper liquid is pumped into the blade filter for heating and filtration. The sulfur is deposited on the blades of the blade filter and is heated to form a filtrate, which is then separated and recycled. The filter residue is charcoal powder and metal powder, which are then recycled; d. Pump the residue-containing liquid into a filter press for filtration, add the filtered residue into a No. 2 cleaning tank, and perform flotation treatment and ultrasonic vibration washing, and pump the obtained residue-containing liquid into a filter press for filtration, and perform gravity separation on the residue obtained after filtration, and the filtrate obtained after filtration is refluxed and pumped into the No. 1 cleaning tank for further circulation treatment, and when the oxidant concentration of the cleaning water in the No. 1 cleaning tank in step a reaches about 5%, the water is subjected to reverse osmosis, distillation and concentration treatment to make the effluent meet the discharge or reuse standards, and the concentrate is dried and recycled; e. Add the filter residue containing charcoal powder and metal powder into the reactor, add a certain proportion of water, mix well, add sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate in sequence according to requirements, react fully at a certain temperature and time, stop stirring when floccules can be observed in the solution, take the precipitate for drying and recycling, filter the liquid to obtain charcoal powder for recycling; f. Pulp residue, mud and sand are recycled after flotation treatment.

2. The method for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable solid waste includes waste fireworks, waste launch rocket products, and waste semi-finished products containing medicine; the non-movable waste includes waste white gunpowder, waste black gunpowder, waste fuse, and waste sealing medicine that have fallen on the ground.

3. The method for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The specific process of step b of the No. 1 cleaning tank is: first, flotation cleaning for about 20 minutes, then ultrasonic vibration cleaning for about 20 minutes, flotation cleaning for about 20 minutes, ultrasonic vibration cleaning for about 20 minutes, repeating three times and then settling for about 20 minutes to obtain an upper liquid and a lower liquid containing residues.

4. The method for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: The blade filter is provided with a heating layer for the filtrate, which is heated by heat-conducting oil at a temperature of 120-150°C.

5. The method for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific process of flotation treatment and ultrasonic vibration washing in step d of the second cleaning pool is: first, flotation washing for about 20 minutes, then ultrasonic vibration washing for about 20 minutes, flotation washing for 20 minutes and ultrasonic vibration washing for about 20 minutes again, repeating three times and then settling for about 20 minutes to obtain an upper liquid and a lower liquid containing residues.

6. The method for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: The weight ratio of solid to liquid in step e is (10-50): (90-50). The specific process of step e is: adding a mixture of charcoal powder and metal powder into a reaction kettle, adding a certain amount of water, adding a small amount of NaOH into the reaction kettle as a catalyst, the amount of NaOH used is 1-3% of the weight of the solid powder, and then adding a small amount of hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate, the weight ratio of hydrogen peroxide to water is 1:1000, and the weight ratio of potassium permanganate to water is 0.3:1000 as an oxidant, which is added when the temperature of the material in the kettle is about 30°C; then slowly raising the temperature of the material until it is heated to about 80°C, keeping the temperature and stirring the reaction for 8-10 hours, so that the aluminum powder and the aluminum-magnesium alloy powder are fully reacted; they are converted into aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide floccules respectively, and after precipitation, the charcoal powder will float on the water, and the aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide will precipitate in the lower liquid.

7. The method for treating fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific process of the reverse osmosis and distillation concentration treatment in step d is as follows: determine the sources of the pre-treatment and post-treatment wastewater, and treat them separately according to whether the wastewater contains potassium nitrate-type black powder or potassium perchlorate-type white powder; first, use reverse osmosis treatment, and the fresh water is discharged when it meets the discharge standard, and the concentrated water after reverse osmosis is dehydrated and crystallized by negative pressure distillation, heated to 40-90°C, and the negative pressure is reduced to -0.03 to -0.098mpa. After no water flows out of the sight glass, use nitrogen to release the pressure, turn off the vacuum pump, take out the crystals in the reactor, and recycle them after drying, while the distilled water meets the standards for discharge or enters the circulation treatment.

8. A fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste treatment system, for implementing the fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes a pre-treatment unit and a post-treatment unit. The post-treatment unit includes a primary cleaning unit, a secondary cleaning unit, a sulfur filtration unit, a concentrated wastewater treatment unit and a metal powder disposal unit. The primary cleaning unit is used for flotation and vibration washing of the waste residue from the pre-treatment, the secondary cleaning unit is used for flotation and vibration washing of the waste residue from the primary cleaning unit, the sulfur filtration unit is used for removing sulfur powder from the upper liquid of the No. 1 cleaning unit, the concentrated wastewater treatment unit is used for treating the concentrated wastewater filtered out by the primary cleaning unit, and the metal powder disposal unit is used for treating metal powder and charcoal powder in the sulfur filtration unit.

9. The fireworks and firecrackers hazardous waste treatment system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sulfur filtering unit comprises a blade filter, and the blade filter is provided with a heating layer for heating the filtrate, and the heating layer is formed by a heat transfer oil cavity filled with heat transfer oil.

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