Tower crane and assembly and disassembly method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tower crane and its assembly and disassembly method, in particular a heavy-duty tower crane, comprising a base, a tower frame, a tower arm, an upper slewing support, an upper vertical slewing support, a damping device, a movable counterweight and a movable counterweight control unit, wherein the movable counterweight control unit controls the movement of the movable counterweight in the length direction of the tower arm, the upper vertical slewing support comprises a first rotating shaft and a first bearing having a first axis, the first axis being parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the tower arm, the first rotating shaft being fixedly connected to one of the tower arm and the upper slewing support, the first bearing being fixedly connected to the other one between the two, the tower arm being rotatable from a horizontal position to a vertical position around the first axis, and the damping device being capable of controlling the resistance during the vertical rotation of the tower arm. The tower crane also comprises a detachable counterweight and a traveling device, and has good load capacity, safety, positioning accuracy and ease of movement. The assembly and disassembly method of the present invention can realize the rapid assembly and disassembly of the tower crane without relying on a heavy-duty auxiliary crane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tower cranes, and in particular to a tower crane and an assembling and disassembling method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tower cranes are highly efficient lifting tools widely used in the construction industry. With the increasing popularity of modular construction technology, the demand for tower crane lifting capacity is increasing, and the trend towards heavier cranes is becoming increasingly prominent. Heavy-duty tower cranes are expected to offer not only excellent load-bearing performance but also excellent mobility to accommodate the complex demands of construction sites.

[0003] For tower cranes, especially heavy ones, sudden load loss due to rope breakage or other factors is a critical operating condition that must be considered. Existing tower cranes have a fixed connection between the tower frame and boom, and the impact of a sudden load loss is instantly transmitted to the tower frame. To prevent collapse, existing solutions involve continuously increasing the size of the tower frame and base to improve the tower's bending resistance. However, this severely impacts the crane's mobility and leads to increased costs.

[0004] Due to the large overhang of the tower crane boom, controlling the lifting and positioning accuracy has always been a problem. If a heavy tower crane is used to lift and position important equipment, positioning accuracy is a problem that must be solved. The common practice in the existing technology is also to increase the size of the boom component. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a tower crane and an assembling and disassembling method thereof.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] The jackup cam of the upper and lower frames is installed on the jackup cam of the upper and lower frames, and the jackup cam is installed on the jackup cam of the lower frame, and the jackup cam is installed on the jackup cam of the lower frame.

[0008] Preferably, the upper vertical slewing support also includes a second rotating shaft having a second axis and a second bearing, the second axis is parallel to the first axis, the first axis and the second axis are close to the balance arm and the lifting arm respectively, the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to one of the tower arm and the upper slewing support, the second bearing is fixedly connected to the other of the tower arm and the upper slewing support, and the tower arm can rotate from a horizontal position to a vertical position around the second axis.

[0009] Preferably, the first bearing and the second bearing include an arc-shaped opening groove in the upper cross-section and a semicircular supporting groove in the lower cross-section, and the arc centers of the opening grooves are the centers of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft respectively. When the tower arm rotates around one of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft, one of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft rotates in the supporting groove on its corresponding bearing, and the other of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft slides in the opening groove on its corresponding bearing.

[0010] Preferably, the movable counterweight includes a movable counterweight of the balancing arm installed on the balancing arm and a movable counterweight of the crane arm installed on the crane arm. When idle or walking, the movable counterweight of the balancing arm and the movable counterweight of the crane arm are both located at an initial position close to the tower. Before the lifting operation begins, the movable counterweight of the balancing arm and the movable counterweight of the crane arm are moved to positions close to the outer ends of the balancing arm and the crane arm respectively. During the lifting operation, the movable counterweight of the balancing arm maintains its position unchanged, and the movable counterweight of the crane arm dynamically adjusts its position through the movable counterweight control unit. When the tower arm rotates due to sudden unloading, the movable counterweight of the balancing arm moves toward the tower through the movable counterweight control unit, and the movable counterweight of the crane arm adjusts its moving direction and position according to the torque balance on both sides of the tower, so that the tower arm rotates to a horizontal state.

[0011] Preferably, the movable counterweight control unit includes a rotating shaft stress sensor, a movable counterweight driving device and a main control module. The rotating shaft stress sensor is used to monitor the stress state of the first rotating shaft and / or the second rotating shaft. The main control module sends a driving instruction to the movable counterweight driving device according to the stress state of the first rotating shaft and / or the second rotating shaft. The movable counterweight driving device drives the movable counterweight to move according to the received driving instruction.

[0012] Preferably, the movable counterweight control unit also includes a load sensor and a movable counterweight position sensor, which are used to monitor the load torque and the movable counterweight torque respectively. The main control module calculates the difference in torque between the balance arm and the lifting arm through the load torque and the movable counterweight torque, and compares it with the stress state of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft monitored by the rotating shaft stress sensor, and determines whether to stop the lifting operation based on the comparison result.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a lower vertical slewing support arranged at the lower end of the tower, the lower vertical slewing support includes a third rotating shaft and a third bearing having a third axis, the third axis is parallel to the first axis or the second axis, the third rotating shaft is fixedly connected to one of the tower and the base, and the third bearing is fixedly connected to the other of the tower and the base. During the assembly or disassembly of the tower crane, the tower rotates around the third axis between a vertical position and a horizontal position.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes an arm end support arranged at the outer end of the lifting arm or the balance arm, the arm end support includes a fourth support or a rotating wheel having a fourth axis, the fourth axis is parallel to the first axis or the second axis, during the assembly or disassembly of the tower crane, the tower arm rotates around the fourth axis between a vertical position and a horizontal position, and the rotating wheel can roll on the ground.

[0015] Preferably, the damping device is connected to the movable counterweight through a speed change device and a traction line. When the tower arm rotates from a horizontal position to a vertical position around the first axis, the traction line drives the movable counterweight to move toward the tower, while generating a damping force.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a traveling device, which includes a moving unit and a parking unit. The traveling device is installed under the base. The moving unit is used to control the traveling device to drive the base and the equipment above it to move. The moving unit is spliced ​​and modified by a heavy-load axle vehicle, and includes a hydraulic suspension and a hydraulic system, which can enable the tower crane to move tracklessly. The parking unit includes a support column and a suction cup. During heavy-load lifting operations, the hydraulic suspension drives the wheels to retract, and the support columns are automatically supported on the ground. The suction cup extends and adsorbs on the ground.

[0017] Preferably, a detachable counterweight is further included, which is arranged on the balance arm. When the tower arm rotates to a certain angle, the detachable counterweight detaches from the tower arm and falls to the ground.

[0018] Preferably, the detachable counterweight comprises a plurality of counterweight blocks and / or fillers, and the plurality of counterweight blocks and / or fillers slide to the ground in steps after the tower arm rotates to a certain angle.

[0019] Preferably, before the tower crane moves, the movable counterweight falls from the tower arm to the base, and before the tower crane arrives at the lifting station and starts the lifting operation, the movable counterweight rises from the base to the tower arm.

[0020] A tower crane assembly and disassembly method employs the above-mentioned tower crane, wherein the tower crane assembly process comprises the following steps:

[0021] 1) A cradle is erected on the ground, a tower frame and a tower boom are assembled on the cradle, an upper vertical slewing bearing is installed on the tower frame, a portion of a movable counterweight is installed on the tower boom, and a base and a traveling device are assembled below the tower frame. A lower vertical slewing bearing is installed on the base. The tower boom is axially connected to the tower frame and the tower frame is axially connected to the base, with the rotating axes being the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis respectively. A first winch and a second winch are installed on the base, and the first winch is connected to the end of the tower boom with a first cable.

[0022] 2) Remove the tire frame, start the first hoist, tighten the first cable, and rotate the tower arm and tower frame, and the tower frame and base around the axis. The wheel supported by the arm end at the end of the tower arm rolls on the ground until the tower arm is perpendicular to the ground;

[0023] 3) Install a pulley on the ground, connect the upper part of the tower to the second hoist via the pulley using a second cable, and tighten the second cable until the tower is perpendicular to the ground and in contact with the base;

[0024] 4) Fix the tower to the base and remove the first and second cables;

[0025] 5) Start the movable counterweight drive device to adjust the position of the movable counterweight, rotate the tower arm to the horizontal position, and install the remaining part of the movable counterweight;

[0026] The tower crane dismantling process includes the following steps:

[0027] 1) Install the tire frame, install the first and second winches on the base, remove part of the movable counterweight, set up a pulley on the ground, use the second cable to connect the upper part of the tower to the second winch through the pulley, and loosen the fixed connection point between the tower and the base;

[0028] 2) first adjusting the position of the remaining portion of the movable counterweight on the tower arm so that the moment of gravity of the boom corresponding to the second axis is greater than the moment of gravity of the balance arm, and the tower arm rotates toward the vertical position around the second axis;

[0029] 3) a second adjustment of the position of the remaining portion of the movable counterweight on the tower arm so that the moment of gravity of the boom corresponding to the third axis is greater than the moment of gravity in the balance arm;

[0030] 4) Set up a ramp support on the ground, start the second winch to loosen the second cable, and rotate the tower around the third axis until the end of the tower arm contacts the ramp support, and then the second winch is paused;

[0031] 5) Connecting the first hoist and the outer end of the tower arm with a first cable, starting the first hoist to loosen the first cable, causing the tower arm and the tower frame, and the tower frame and the base to rotate about an axis, and the arm end support provided at the end of the tower arm to roll on the ground until the tower frame and the tower arm fall back onto the tower frame;

[0032] 6) Remove the first and second cables, remove the connections between the tower, tower arm and base, dismantle the remaining part of the movable counterweight, and remove the tire frame.

[0033] A tower crane assembly and disassembly method employs the above-mentioned tower crane, wherein the tower crane assembly process comprises the following steps:

[0034] 1) Set up a cradle on the ground, assemble the tower and tower arm on the cradle, install the upper vertical slewing bearing on the tower, install a part of the movable counterweight on the tower arm, assemble the base and running gear under the tower, install the lower vertical slewing bearing on the base, and axially connect the tower arm to the tower, the tower to the base, and the boom or balance arm to the ground, with the rotation axes being the first axis or the second axis, the third axis, and the fourth axis respectively;

[0035] 2) Remove the tire frame, start the walking device and move it toward the fixed connection point between the tower arm and the ground, and rotate the tower arm and the tower frame, the tower frame and the base, the boom or the counter-arm and the ground around the axis. The rotation axis of the tower arm and the tower frame gradually changes from one of the first axis or the second axis to the other. When the tower arm is perpendicular to the ground, the walking device stops moving;

[0036] 3) Use cables to securely connect the tower to the ground, remove the fixed connection points between the tower arm and the ground, and continue moving the walking device until the tower is perpendicular to the ground and in contact with the base;

[0037] 4) Fix the tower to the base, loosen the fixed connection point between the cable and the ground, and remove the cable;

[0038] 5) Start the movable counterweight drive device to adjust the position of the movable counterweight, rotate the tower arm to the horizontal position, and install the remaining part of the movable counterweight;

[0039] The tower crane dismantling process includes the following steps:

[0040] 1) Install the tire frame, remove the movable counterweight of the balance arm and part of the movable counterweight of the crane arm, use cables to fix the tower to the ground, and loosen the fixed connection points between the tower and the base;

[0041] 2) first adjusting the positions of the movable counterweight of the balancing arm and the remaining portion of the movable counterweight of the crane arm on the tower arm so that the gravity moment of the crane arm corresponding to the second axis is greater than the gravity moment of the balancing arm, and the tower arm rotates toward the vertical position around the second axis;

[0042] 3) Adjusting the positions of the movable counterweight of the balancing arm and the remaining portion of the movable counterweight of the lifting arm on the tower arm for the second time so that the gravity moment of the lifting arm corresponding to the third axis is greater than the gravity moment of the balancing arm;

[0043] 4) Move the walking device toward the fixed connection point between the cable and the ground, and the tower begins to rotate. When the tower arm touches the ground, the walking device stops moving, and the fourth support is fixed to the ground, and the cable is removed;

[0044] 5) Continue to move the walking device until the tower and tower arm fall back onto the tire frame, remove the connection between the tower, tower arm and base, dismantle the remaining parts of the movable counterweight of the balance arm and the movable counterweight of the crane arm, and remove the tire frame.

[0045] A tower crane assembly and disassembly method employs the above-mentioned tower crane, wherein the tower crane assembly process comprises the following steps:

[0046] 1) Use an ordinary tower crane to complete the installation of the base and tower, and install the support frame and winch on the top of the tower;

[0047] 2) The tower is a double-arm tower. The tower arm is assembled in the middle position of the double-arm tower and hoisted to the top of the tower with a winch;

[0048] 3) Use the hook on the tower arm to lift the upper slewing bearing, upper vertical slewing bearing and damping device to the top of the tower and fix them;

[0049] 4) Use a winch to lower the tower arm onto the upper vertical slewing bearing;

[0050] 5) Remove the top support frame and winch of the tower and install other accessories of the tower crane;

[0051] The tower crane dismantling process includes the following steps:

[0052] 1) Remove the relevant accessories on the top of the tower and install the top support frame and winch of the tower;

[0053] 2) Use a winch to lift the tower arm off the upper vertical slewing support;

[0054] 3) Use the hook on the tower arm to lift the upper slewing bearing, upper vertical slewing bearing and damping device to the ground;

[0055] 4) Use a winch to lift the tower arm from the middle position of the tower double arm rod to the ground;

[0056] 5) Use an ordinary tower crane to remove the support frame and winch on the top of the tower, and dismantle the tower and base.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] (1) The tower crane of the present invention effectively alleviates the impact on the tower frame under extreme accident conditions and reduces the bending moment borne by the tower frame by setting a bidirectional rotation structure of the tower arm relative to the tower frame on the vertical plane and the combined effect of the damping device, thereby reducing the design specifications and dimensions of the tower frame and the base, and improving safety and economy.

[0059] (2) The tower crane of the present invention can reduce the design damping force of the damping device by arranging a detachable counterweight on the balance arm, thereby further reducing the bending moment borne by the tower.

[0060] (3) The tower crane of the present invention arranges a movable counterweight on the balance arm to keep the two sides of the tower in a torque balance state during normal lifting operations. By arranging a movable counterweight on the lifting arm, the lifting accuracy is improved to meet special lifting requirements.

[0061] (4) The present invention applies heavy-duty axle vehicle technology to the traveling device of the tower crane, thereby realizing convenient trackless movement of the tower crane at the construction site. Through the hydraulic suspension function of the axle vehicle, the support column is automatically supported on the ground, which facilitates and quickly adjusts the verticality of the tower crane. Through the parking system with vacuum adsorption function, the risk of overturning of the tower crane is further reduced, and the lifting operation is quickly started.

[0062] (5) The tower crane of the present invention is designed so that the movable counterweight can be dropped to the tower crane base, thereby lowering the center of gravity of the tower crane during movement and improving the safety of the tower crane movement.

[0063] (6) The three assembly and disassembly methods provided by the present invention can quickly complete the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane without relying on the assistance of a heavy crane. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a tower crane according to Example 1 of the present application;

[0065] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tower crane in Example 1 of the present application rotating its tower arm in an unloaded state;

[0066] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tower crane in Example 1 of the present application rotating its tower arm under an overload condition;

[0067] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the upper vertical slewing support of the tower crane of Example 1 of the present application;

[0068] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the movable counterweight, the upper vertical slewing bearing and the damping device of the tower crane in Example 1 of the present application;

[0069] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane in the second embodiment of the present application Figure 1;

[0070] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane in the second embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0071] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane in the second embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0072] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane in the second embodiment of the present application Figure 4 ;

[0073] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane in Example 3 of this application Figure 1 ;

[0074] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane in Example 3 of this application Figure 2 ;

[0075] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane in Example 3 of this application Figure 3 ;

[0076] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane of the fourth embodiment of this application Figure 1 ;

[0077] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane of the fourth embodiment of this application Figure 2 ;

[0078] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane of the fourth embodiment of this application Figure 3 ;

[0079] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane of the fourth embodiment of this application Figure 4 ;

[0080] Figure numerals: 110, tower arm; 120, upper vertical slewing support; 121, first rotating shaft; 122, first bearing; 123, second rotating shaft; 124, second bearing; 130, lower vertical slewing support; 140, damping device; 141, speed change device; 170, movable counterweight; 180, walking device; 190, upper slewing support; 200, tower; 210, base; 230, support column; 240, tire frame; 250, detachable counterweight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] The present invention is further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and their specific proportions may be adjusted according to design requirements. Those skilled in the art will understand that the vertical relationships between components and the definitions of front and back in the figures described herein refer to the relative positions of components. Therefore, they can be flipped to present the same components, and all such representations are within the scope of this specification.

[0082] Example 1

[0083] refer to Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present application proposes a tower crane, including a base 210, a tower 200, a tower arm 110, an upper vertical slewing support 120, a damping device 140, a movable counterweight 170 and a movable counterweight control unit, the tower arm 110 includes a balancing arm and a lifting arm, an upper slewing support 190 and an upper vertical slewing support 120 are provided at the upper end of the tower 200, the upper vertical slewing support 120 is arranged above the upper slewing support 190, the upper vertical slewing support 120 includes a first rotating shaft 121 with a first axis and a first bearing 122, the first axis is parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the tower arm, the first rotating shaft is fixedly connected to one of the tower arm 110 and the upper slewing support 190, the first bearing 122 is fixedly connected to the other of the tower arm 110 and the upper slewing support 190, and the tower arm 110 can rotate from a horizontal position to a vertical position around the first axis. When a sudden load loss occurs during the hoisting process, such as a broken rope, or the movable counterweight moves out of control, resulting in a serious imbalance in the center of gravity moment of the tower arms on both sides of the tower 200, and exceeding the damping moment of the damping device 140, refer to Figure 2 The tower arm 110 can rotate around the first axis from a horizontal position to a vertical position. The rebound force of the crane arm and the moment difference on both sides of the tower 200 generated by the sudden loss of load are partially converted into kinetic energy of the tower arm 110, avoiding the direct impact of the tower arm 110 on the tower 200 and reducing the bending moment borne by the tower 200. Afterwards, as the rotation angle of the tower arm 110 increases, the moment difference on both sides of the tower 200 gradually decreases. Under the action of the damping device 140, the moving tower arm 110 slowly stops. At a certain angle, the moments on both sides of the tower 200 are restored to balance.

[0084] In a specific embodiment, the upper vertical slewing support 120 also includes a second rotating shaft 123 having a second axis and a second bearing 124. The second axis is parallel to the first axis, and the first axis and the second axis are close to the balance arm and the lifting arm, respectively. The second rotating shaft 123 is fixedly connected to one of the tower arm 110 and the upper slewing support 190, and the second bearing 124 is fixedly connected to the other of the tower arm 110 and the upper slewing support 190, so that the tower arm 110 rotates around the second axis between a vertical position and a horizontal position. That is, when the first rotating shaft 121 and the second rotating shaft 123 are fixedly connected to the tower arm 110, the first bearing 122 and the second bearing 124 are fixedly connected to the upper slewing support 190, when the first rotating shaft 121 and the second rotating shaft 123 are fixedly connected to the upper slewing support 190, the first bearing 122 and the second bearing 124 are fixedly connected to the tower arm 110, the tower arm 110 can rotate from a horizontal position to a vertical position around the first axis or the second axis, according to the rotation direction of the balance arm downward and the lifting arm upward or the balance arm upward and the lifting arm downward. Under the working condition of the tower crane being overloaded, refer to Figure 3 The tower arm 110 can rotate around the second axis from a horizontal position to a vertical position to avoid the direct impact of overload on the tower 200. In the event of failure of the sensing system, the operator can also sense the abnormal state and stop the lifting operation in time.

[0085] In a specific embodiment, a lower vertical slewing bearing 130 is further provided at the lower end of the tower 200. This lower vertical slewing bearing 130 is used to eliminate the need for jacking equipment to complete the assembly and disassembly of the tower crane, thereby saving costs. The lower vertical slewing bearing 130 includes a third rotating shaft and a third bearing having a third axis, which is parallel to the first or second axis. The third rotating shaft and the third bearing are respectively fixedly connected to the tower 200 and the base 210, allowing the tower 200 to rotate between a vertical position and a horizontal position about the third axis. Therefore, a tower 200 that has been assembled in a horizontal position can be flipped and erected, or a tower 200 that is in a vertical position and is awaiting disassembly can be flipped and laid flat.

[0086] In a specific embodiment, the first bearing 122 and the second bearing 124 include an arc-shaped opening groove at the upper cross section and a semicircular supporting groove at the lower cross section. Figure 4When the tower arm 110 rotates around one of the first and second rotational axes 121, 123, one of the first and second rotational axes 121, 123 rotates within the support groove of its corresponding bearing, while the other of the first and second rotational axes 121, 123 slides within the open groove of its corresponding bearing. The arc centers of the arc-shaped open grooves in the upper cross-section are the centers of the first and second rotational axes 121, 123, respectively. When the tower arm 110 rotates around one of the rotational axes, the other rotational axis can slide within the arc-shaped open groove of the upper vertical slewing bearing 120, ensuring the stability of the tower arm 110 during rotation.

[0087] In a specific embodiment, the movable counterweight control unit includes a shaft stress sensor, a movable counterweight driving device and a main control module. The shaft stress sensor is used to monitor the force state of the first rotating shaft 121 and the second rotating shaft 123. The main control module sends a driving instruction to the movable counterweight driving device according to the force state of the first rotating shaft 121 and the second rotating shaft 123. The movable counterweight driving device drives the movable counterweight 170 to move in the length direction of the tower arm 110 according to the received driving instruction.

[0088] In one embodiment, the movable counterweight 170 includes a movable counterweight for the balancing arm and a movable counterweight for the boom. When the crane is idle or in motion, the movable counterweight for the balancing arm and the movable counterweight for the boom are both located at their initial positions near the tower 200, so that the center of gravity of the balancing arm and the boom are closer to the tower 200, thereby preventing the tower crane from overturning. Before the lifting operation begins, the movable counterweight for the balancing arm and the movable counterweight for the boom are moved to positions near the outer ends of the balancing arm and the boom, respectively. During the lifting operation, the movable counterweight for the balancing arm remains in position, and the movable counterweight for the boom is dynamically adjusted in position by the movable counterweight control unit to maintain a balanced force on the first rotating shaft 121 and the second rotating shaft 123. Under the combined effect of the movable counterweight for the boom and the hoisting load, the force state and deformation of the boom can be kept relatively constant. Setting a movable counterweight on the crane arm can solve the problem of lifting accuracy. If there is no special lifting accuracy requirement, there is no need to install a movable counterweight on the crane arm, and only the movable counterweight needs to be installed on the balance arm.

[0089] In a specific embodiment, the first rotating shaft 121 and the second rotating shaft 123 can directly reflect the moment balance on both sides of the tower 200. Therefore, the stress state of the first rotating shaft 121 and the second rotating shaft 123 is detected by the rotating shaft stress sensor of the movable counterweight control unit. Preferably, under normal operating conditions, the movable counterweight driving device drives the movable counterweight 170 to move based on the stress state of the first rotating shaft 121 and the second rotating shaft 123. The movable counterweight driving device is generally in an inactive state and does not drive the movable counterweight 170 to move. When the difference in the stress state of the first rotating shaft 121 and the second rotating shaft 123 exceeds a preset threshold, the movable counterweight driving device is activated to drive the movable counterweight 170 to move.

[0090] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 Under normal working conditions, the movable counterweight 170 moves according to the load moment change to maintain the moment balance on both sides of the tower arm 110. Figure 1 When the tower crane is idle, the movable counterweight 170 and the hook are moved to a position close to the tower arm 110; when the tower crane is in motion, the movable counterweight 170 falls onto the temporary storage rack of the base 210, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 Before the tower crane arrives at the lifting station and starts the lifting operation, the movable counterweight 170 rises from the base 210 to the tower arm 110. Figure 1 Therefore, the bending moment borne by the tower crane 200 in the working, idle and traveling states can be reduced, thereby reducing the size, weight and cost of the tower crane 200.

[0091] In a specific embodiment, the movable counterweight control unit also includes a load sensor and a movable counterweight position sensor, which are used to monitor the load torque and the movable counterweight torque, respectively. The main control module calculates the difference in torque between the balance arm and the lifting arm through the load torque and the movable counterweight torque, and compares it with the stress state of the first rotating shaft 121 and the second rotating shaft 123 monitored by the rotating shaft stress sensor. According to the comparison result, it is determined whether to stop the lifting operation to prevent safety accidents caused by failure of the sensing system.

[0092] In another embodiment, a detachable counterweight 250 is further included. The detachable counterweight 250 is mounted on the balancing arm. When the tower arm 110 rotates to a certain angle, the detachable counterweight 250 begins to detach from the tower arm 110 and falls to the ground. In a preferred embodiment, the detachable counterweight 250 is mounted at the end of the balancing arm. When the tower arm 110 rotates to a certain angle, the detachable counterweight 250 is divided into multiple parts and detached sequentially until the torque on both sides of the tower 200 is balanced and the tower arm 110 stops rotating. In a specific embodiment, the detachable counterweight 250 includes a plurality of counterweight blocks and / or fillers. These counterweight blocks and / or fillers automatically slide down in steps under the action of gravity during the rotation of the tower arm 110, independent of the control system, thereby avoiding the risks associated with control system failure. Under accident conditions such as rope breakage, it is difficult to achieve rebalancing on both sides by relying solely on the movement of the movable counterweight 170. Restoring rebalancing by relying solely on the action of the damping device requires a large damping force, and the degree to which the bending moment borne by the tower 200 is reduced is limited. The use of the detachable counterweight 250 can reduce the design value of the damping force of the damping device, quickly restore the moment balance at both ends of the tower arm 110, and significantly reduce the bending moment borne by the tower, thereby effectively streamlining the tower structure and improving safety.

[0093] In a specific embodiment, considering that the tower arm 110 needs to be flipped and erected on the ground during the tower crane assembly process, the tower crane of the embodiment of the present application also includes an arm end support arranged at the outer end of the boom or the balance arm, and the arm end support includes a fourth support or a rotating wheel with a fourth axis, and the fourth axis is parallel to the first axis or the second axis. In a preferred embodiment, the fourth support or the rotating wheel is arranged at the outer end of the boom, and the fourth axis is parallel to the second axis. During the assembly or disassembly of the tower crane, the fourth support is fixedly connected to the ground, and the tower 200 rotates between a vertical position and a horizontal position around the fourth axis. In another case, as the rotating wheel rolls on the ground, the tower 200 rotates between a vertical position and a horizontal position.

[0094] In specific embodiments, the damping device 140 is disposed between the tower arm 110 and the upper swivel support 190, or between the movable counterweight 170 and the upper swivel support 190, or utilizes the friction between the rotating shaft and the bearing to control the vertical swivel speed of the tower arm 110 and dissipate the kinetic energy of the tower arm 110. Specifically, the damping device 140 is hingedly connected to the tower arm 110 and the upper swivel support 190. In one embodiment, the damping device 140 includes a piston and a piston cylinder. The piston divides the piston into multiple chambers. The piston is provided with multiple through-holes, each of which is filled with a fluid medium. When the tower arm 110 rotates, the piston moves, and the fluid medium flows from one chamber to another through the through-holes. The resistance to the piston's movement can be varied by adjusting the number and diameter of the through-holes. In another embodiment, the damping device 140 includes an elastic device, the damping force of which increases with the rotation angle of the tower arm 110. When the rotation angle of the tower arm 110 increases, the damping force of the elastic device gradually increases until the tower arm 110 stops, so as to prevent the tower arm 110 from hitting the tower 200. Figure 5 The damping device 140 is connected to the movable counterweight 170 via a speed change device 141 and a traction line. When the tower arm 110 rotates from a horizontal position to a vertical position around the first axis, the traction line drives the movable counterweight 170 toward the tower 200, generating a damping force. This not only generates damping force through the movable counterweight, but also reduces the torque difference between the two sides. Of course, any other mature damping technology can also be used.

[0095] In a specific embodiment, it also includes a traveling device 180, which includes a moving unit and a parking unit. The traveling device 180 is installed below the base 210. The moving unit is used to control the traveling device 180 to drive the base 210 and the equipment above it to move. In order to enable the crane to move flexibly and conveniently in the construction site, in a preferred embodiment, no fixed track is required, but it can move freely in the site. The moving unit is spliced ​​and modified from a heavy-duty axle vehicle, and includes a hydraulic suspension and a hydraulic system, which can enable the tower crane to move tracklessly and does not have high requirements for the ground endurance of the walking ground. The parking unit includes a support column 230 and a suction cup. During the lifting operation, the hydraulic suspension drives the wheels to retract, and the support column 230 is automatically supported on the ground. When the ground elevation of the support point meets the requirements, the verticality of the tower crane automatically meets the requirements without special adjustment. During heavy-load lifting operations, the axle vehicle wheels can share the weight of the tower crane with the support column to reduce the ground endurance requirements. The hydraulic suspension system extends the suction cups and engages the ground, further enhancing the crane's anti-overturning capabilities. In more complex and challenging working conditions, the support columns can be fixed to pre-embedded ground components. The balance arm's movable counterweight movement unit and parking unit enable the crane to be moved flexibly and quickly within the construction site, allowing for rapid entry into hoisting operations. The movable counterweight 170 lowers its base during crane advancement, further enhancing the crane's anti-overturning capabilities.

[0096] Example 2

[0097] Corresponding to the first embodiment, the second embodiment of the present application proposes an assembly method based on the above-mentioned tower crane, comprising the following steps:

[0098] 1)Reference Figure 6 A tire frame 240 is set up on the ground, and the tower 200 and the tower arm 110 are assembled on the tire frame 240. The tower arm 110 includes a balance arm and a lifting arm. The upper vertical slewing bearing 120 is installed on the tower 200, and a part of the movable counterweight 170 is installed on the tower arm 110. The base 210 and the walking device 180 are assembled below the tower 200, and the lower vertical slewing bearing 130 is installed on the base 210. The tower arm 110 and the tower 200 and the tower 200 and the base 210 are axially connected respectively, and the rotating shafts are the first axis or the second axis and the third axis respectively. The first winch and the second winch are installed on the base 210, and the first winch is connected to the end of the tower arm 110 with a first cable. The first winch is installed at one end of the base 210 close to the lifting arm side.

[0099] 2)Reference Figure 7, remove the tire frame 240, start the first winch, tighten the first cable, the tower arm 110 and the tower 200 and the tower 200 and the base 210 rotate around the axis, and the arm end support provided at the end of the tower arm 110 rolls on the ground until the tower arm 110 is perpendicular to the ground.

[0100] 3)Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 A pulley is set on the ground, and the upper part of the tower 200 is connected to the second winch by a second cable through the pulley. The second cable is tightened until the tower 200 is perpendicular to the ground and fits with the base 210. The second winch is set on the base 210 on the side close to the ground fixed point.

[0101] 4) The tower 200 is fixedly connected to the base 210, and the first cable and the second cable are removed.

[0102] 5) Start the movable counterweight driving device to adjust the position of the movable counterweight 170, rotate the tower arm 110 to the horizontal position, and install the remaining part of the movable counterweight 170.

[0103] Corresponding to the first embodiment, the second embodiment of the present application further proposes a method for disassembling the tower crane based on the above-mentioned embodiment, comprising the following steps:

[0104] 1) Install the tire frame 240, install the first hoist and the second hoist on the base 210, with the second hoist set on the base 210 on the side close to the ground fixed point, and the first hoist installed on one end of the base 210 close to the boom side. Remove part of the movable counterweight 170, set a pulley on the ground, use a second cable to connect the upper part of the tower 200 to the second hoist through the pulley, and loosen the fixed connection point between the tower 200 and the base 210.

[0105] 2) Firstly adjust the position of the remaining portion of the movable counterweight 170 on the tower arm 110 so that the gravity moment of the lifting arm corresponding to the second axis is greater than the gravity moment of the balance arm, and the tower arm 110 rotates toward the vertical position around the second axis.

[0106] 3) Adjust the position of the remaining portion of the movable counterweight 170 on the tower arm 110 for the second time so that the gravity moment of the lifting arm corresponding to the third axis is greater than the gravity moment in the balance arm.

[0107] 4)Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 , set up a slope support on the ground, start the second winch to loosen the second cable, and the tower 200 rotates around the third axis until the tower arm 110 touches the ground and the second winch is suspended.

[0108] 5)Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7, connect the first hoist and the outer end of the tower arm 110 with a first cable, start the first hoist to loosen the first cable, and the tower arm 110 and the tower frame 200 and the tower frame 200 and the base 210 rotate around the axis, and the arm end support provided at the end of the tower arm 110 rolls on the ground until the tower frame 200 and the tower arm 110 fall back onto the tower frame 200.

[0109] 6) Remove the first and second cables at the tower top, remove the connections between the tower frame 200 , the tower arm 110 and the base 210 , dismantle the remaining portion of the movable counterweight 170 , and remove the tire frame 240 .

[0110] Example 3

[0111] Corresponding to the first embodiment, the third embodiment of the present application proposes an assembly method based on the above-mentioned tower crane, comprising the following steps:

[0112] 1)Reference Figure 10 , set up a tire frame 240 on the ground, assemble the tower 200 and the tower arm 110 on the tire frame 240, install the upper vertical slewing bearing 120 on the tower 200, install a part of the movable counterweight 170 on the tower arm 110, and assemble the base 210 and the walking device 180 under the tower 200, install the lower vertical slewing bearing 130 on the base 210, and axially connect the tower arm 110 and the tower 200, the tower 200 and the base 210, the crane arm or the balance arm and the ground, and the rotation axes are respectively the first axis or the second axis, the third axis and the fourth axis. In a preferred embodiment, the rotation axis of the tower arm 110 and the tower 200 is the first axis, and the rotation axis between the crane arm and the ground is the fourth axis. The above steps can be performed alternately.

[0113] 2)Reference Figure 11 , remove the tire frame, start the walking device 180 and move it toward the fixed connection point between the tower arm 110 and the ground, and the tower arm 110 and the tower 200, the tower 200 and the base 210, the crane arm or the balance arm and the ground rotate around the axis, and the rotation axis center line of the tower arm 110 and the tower 200 gradually changes from one of the first axis center line or the second axis center line to the other. When the tower arm 110 is perpendicular to the ground, the walking device 180 stops moving. In a preferred embodiment, the crane arm rotates around the axis between the ground, and the rotation axis center line of the tower arm 110 and the tower 200 gradually changes from the first axis center line to the second axis center line.

[0114] 3)Reference Figure 12 , use cables to fix the tower 200 to the ground, remove the fixed connection point between the tower arm 110 and the ground, and continue to move the walking device 180 until the tower 200 is perpendicular to the ground and fits with the base 210.

[0115] 4) Fix the tower 200 to the base 210, loosen the fixed connection point between the cable and the ground, and remove the cable.

[0116] 5) Start the movable counterweight driving device to adjust the position of the movable counterweight 170, rotate the tower arm 110 to the horizontal position, and install the remaining part of the movable counterweight 170.

[0117] Corresponding to the first embodiment, the third embodiment of the present application further proposes a disassembly method based on the above-mentioned tower crane, comprising the following steps:

[0118] 1) Install the tire frame 240, remove part of the movable counterweight 170, use cables to fix the tower 200 to the ground, and loosen the fixed connection point between the tower 200 and the base 210.

[0119] 2)Reference Figure 12 , first adjust the position of the remaining part of the movable counterweight 170 on the tower arm 110 so that the center of gravity moment of one of the crane arm and the balance arm corresponding to the second axis or the first axis is greater than the center of gravity moment of the other of the crane arm and the balance arm, and the tower arm 110 rotates toward the vertical position around the second axis or the first axis. In a preferred embodiment, the center of gravity moment on the crane arm side corresponding to the second axis is greater than the center of gravity moment on the balance arm side, and the tower arm 110 rotates toward the vertical position around the second axis.

[0120] 3) Adjusting the position of the remaining portion of the movable counterweight 170 on the tower arm 110 for a second time so that the gravity center moment of one of the boom or the balance arm corresponding to the third axis is greater than the gravity center moment of the other boom or the balance arm. In a preferred embodiment, the gravity center moment of the boom side corresponding to the third axis is greater than the gravity center moment of the balance arm side.

[0121] 4)Reference Figure 11 , the walking device 180 is moved toward the fixed connection point between the cable and the ground, and the tower 200 begins to rotate. When the tower arm 110 touches the ground, the walking device 180 stops moving, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, the fourth bearing is fixedly connected to the ground and the cable is removed.

[0122] 5)Reference Figure 10 , continue to move the walking device 180 until the tower 200 and the tower arm 110 fall back onto the tire frame 240, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, the connections between the tower 200, the tower arm 110 and the base 210 are removed, the remaining portion of the movable counterweight 170 is disassembled, and the tire frame 240 is removed.

[0123] Example 4

[0124] The fourth embodiment of the present application proposes an assembly method of the tower crane based on the above, comprising the following steps:

[0125] 1)Reference Figure 13 , use a common tower crane to complete the installation of the base 210 and the tower 200, and install the support frame and hoist on the top of the tower 200;

[0126] 2)Reference Figure 14 The tower 200 is a double-arm tower, and the tower arm 110 is assembled in the middle position of the double-arm tower, and the tower arm 110 is hoisted to the top of the tower 200 by a winch;

[0127] 3)Reference Figure 15 , use the hook on the tower arm 110 to lift the upper slewing support 190, the upper vertical slewing support 120 and the damping device 140 to the top position of the tower 200 and fix them;

[0128] 4) Use a winch to lower the tower arm 110 onto the upper vertical slewing support 120;

[0129] 5)Reference Figure 16 , remove the top support frame and winch of tower 200, and install other accessories of the tower crane.

[0130] A method for disassembling the tower crane comprises the following steps:

[0131] 1)Reference Figure 16 , remove the relevant accessories on the top of tower 200, and install the top support frame and winch of tower 200;

[0132] 2) Use a winch to lift the tower arm 110 off the upper vertical slewing support 120;

[0133] 3)Reference Figure 15 , use the hook on the tower arm 110 to lift the upper slewing support 190, the upper vertical slewing support 120 and the damping device 140 to the ground;

[0134] 4)Reference Figure 14 , use a winch to hoist the tower arm 110 from the middle position of the double arm of the tower frame 200 to the ground;

[0135] 5)Reference Figure 13 , use an ordinary tower crane to remove the support frame and winch on the top of the tower 200, and remove the tower 200 and the base 210.

[0136] The above embodiments are only used to further illustrate a tower crane and its assembly and disassembly methods of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tower crane, characterized in that: The tower arm comprises a base, a tower frame, a tower arm, an upper slewing support, an upper vertical slewing support, a damping device, a movable counterweight and a movable counterweight control unit, wherein the tower arm comprises a balancing arm and a lifting arm, the movable counterweight is installed on the tower arm, the movable counterweight control unit controls the movable counterweight to move in the length direction of the tower arm, the upper vertical slewing support is arranged above the upper slewing support, the upper vertical slewing support comprises a first rotating shaft and a first bearing with a first axis and a second rotating shaft and a second bearing with a second axis, the first axis is parallel to the ground and perpendicular to the tower arm, the second axis is parallel to the first axis, and the first axis is perpendicular to the tower arm. The second axis is close to the balance arm and the lifting arm respectively. When the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are fixedly connected to the tower arm, the first bearing and the second bearing are fixedly connected to the upper slewing support. When the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are fixedly connected to the upper slewing support, the first bearing and the second bearing are fixedly connected to the tower arm; the tower arm can rotate from a horizontal position to a vertical position around the first axis, and the tower arm can rotate from a horizontal position to a vertical position around the second axis. The damping device is arranged between the tower arm and the upper slewing support, or the damping device is arranged between the movable counterweight and the upper slewing support to control the resistance during the vertical rotation of the tower arm.

2. The tower crane according to claim 1, wherein: The first bearing and the second bearing include an open groove with an arc-shaped upper cross-section and a supporting groove with a semicircular lower cross-section, and the arc centers of the open grooves are the centers of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft respectively. When the tower arm rotates around one of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft, one of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft rotates in the supporting groove on its corresponding bearing, and the other of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft slides in the open groove on its corresponding bearing.

3. The tower crane according to claim 1, wherein: The movable counterweight includes a balancing arm movable counterweight installed on the balancing arm and a lifting arm movable counterweight installed on the lifting arm. In an idle or walking state, the balancing arm movable counterweight and the lifting arm movable counterweight are both located at an initial position close to the tower. Before the lifting operation begins, the balancing arm movable counterweight and the lifting arm movable counterweight are respectively moved to positions close to the balancing arm and the outer ends of the lifting arm. During the lifting operation, the balancing arm movable counterweight maintains its position unchanged, and the lifting arm movable counterweight dynamically adjusts its position to balance the torque on both sides of the tower. When the tower arm rotates due to sudden unloading, the balancing arm movable counterweight moves toward the tower, and the lifting arm movable counterweight dynamically adjusts its position to make the tower arm rotate back to a horizontal state.

4. The tower crane according to claim 1, wherein: The movable counterweight control unit includes a rotating shaft stress sensor, a movable counterweight driving device and a main control module. The rotating shaft stress sensor is used to monitor the stress state of the first rotating shaft and / or the second rotating shaft. The main control module sends a driving instruction to the movable counterweight driving device according to the stress state of the first rotating shaft and / or the second rotating shaft. The movable counterweight driving device drives the movable counterweight to move according to the received driving instruction.

5. The tower crane according to claim 4, characterized in that: The movable counterweight control unit also includes a load sensor and a movable counterweight position sensor, which are used to monitor the load torque and the movable counterweight torque respectively. The main control module calculates the difference in torque between the balance arm and the lifting arm through the load torque and the movable counterweight torque, and compares it with the stress state of the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft monitored by the rotating shaft stress sensor, and determines whether to stop the lifting operation based on the comparison result.

6. The tower crane according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a lower vertical slewing support arranged at the lower end of the tower, the lower vertical slewing support including a third rotating shaft and a third bearing having a third axis, the third axis being parallel to the first axis or the second axis, the third rotating shaft being fixedly connected to one of the tower and the base, the third bearing being fixedly connected to the other of the tower and the base, and during the assembly or disassembly of the tower crane, the tower rotates between a vertical position and a horizontal position around the third axis.

7. The tower crane according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes an arm end support arranged at the outer end of the lifting arm or the balance arm, the arm end support includes a fourth support or a rotating wheel with a fourth axis, the fourth axis is parallel to the first axis or the second axis, during the assembly or disassembly of the tower crane, the tower arm rotates around the fourth axis between a vertical position and a horizontal position, and the rotating wheel can roll on the ground.

8. The tower crane according to claim 1, wherein: The damping device is connected to the movable counterweight through a speed change device and a traction line. When the tower arm rotates from a horizontal position to a vertical position around the first axis, the traction line drives the movable counterweight to move toward the tower, and at the same time generates a damping force.

9. The tower crane according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a traveling device, which includes a moving unit and a parking unit. The traveling device is installed under the base. The moving unit is used to control the traveling device to drive the base and the equipment above it to move. The moving unit is modified by splicing a heavy-load axle vehicle, and includes a hydraulic suspension and a hydraulic system, which can enable the tower crane to move tracklessly. The parking unit includes a support column and a suction cup. During heavy-load lifting operations, the hydraulic suspension drives the wheels to retract, the support column is supported on the ground, and the suction cup is extended and adsorbed on the ground.

10. The tower crane according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a detachable counterweight, which is arranged on the balance arm. When the tower arm rotates to a certain angle, the detachable counterweight detaches from the tower arm and falls to the ground.

11. The tower crane according to claim 10, characterized in that: The detachable counterweight comprises a plurality of counterweight blocks and / or fillers, and the plurality of counterweight blocks and / or fillers slide to the ground in steps after the tower arm rotates to a certain angle.

12. The tower crane according to claim 1, wherein: Before the tower crane moves, the movable counterweight falls from the tower arm to the base, and before the tower crane arrives at the lifting station to start the lifting operation, the movable counterweight rises from the base to the tower arm.

13. A tower crane assembly and disassembly method, characterized in that: A tower crane according to any one of claims 1 to 12 is used, wherein the assembly process of the tower crane comprises the following steps: 1) erecting a cradle on the ground, assembling a tower frame and a tower boom on the cradle, installing an upper vertical slewing bearing on the tower frame, installing a portion of a movable counterweight on the tower boom, and assembling a base and a traveling device below the tower frame. Installing a lower vertical slewing bearing on the base, axially connecting the tower boom to the tower frame and the tower frame to the base, respectively, with the rotating axes being the first axis or the second axis and the third axis, installing a first winch and a second winch on the base, and connecting the first winch to the end of the tower boom with a first cable; 2) removing the tire frame, starting the first hoist, tightening the first cable, causing the tower arm and the tower frame, and the tower frame and the base to rotate about the axis, and the arm end support provided at the end of the tower arm to roll on the ground until the tower arm is perpendicular to the ground; 3) installing a pulley on the ground, connecting the upper portion of the tower to the second hoist via the pulley using a second cable, and tightening the second cable until the tower is perpendicular to the ground and in contact with the base; 4) fixedly connecting the tower to the base and removing the first cable and the second cable; 5) activating the movable counterweight drive device to adjust the position of the movable counterweight, rotating the tower arm to a horizontal position, and installing the remaining portion of the movable counterweight; The disassembly process of the tower crane comprises the following steps: 1) Installing the tire frame, installing the first hoist and the second hoist on the base, removing part of the movable counterweight, setting a pulley on the ground, connecting the upper part of the tower to the second hoist via the pulley with a second cable, and loosening the fixed connection point between the tower and the base; 2) first adjusting the position of the remaining portion of the movable counterweight on the tower arm so that the gravity moment of the boom corresponding to the second axis is greater than the gravity moment of the balance arm, and the tower arm rotates toward a vertical position around the second axis; 3) adjusting the position of the remaining portion of the movable counterweight on the tower arm for a second time so that the gravity moment of the lifting arm corresponding to the third axis is greater than the gravity moment in the balance arm; 4) installing a ramp support on the ground, starting a second winch to release the second cable, and rotating the tower around the third axis until the end of the tower arm contacts the ramp support, and then pausing the second winch; 5) Connecting a first hoist and the outer end of the tower arm with a first cable, starting the first hoist to loosen the first cable, causing the tower arm and the tower frame, and the tower frame and the base to rotate about an axis, and a rotating wheel provided on the arm end support at the end of the tower arm to roll on the ground until the tower frame and the tower arm fall back onto the tower frame; 6) Remove the first and second cables, remove the connections between the tower, tower arm and base, dismantle the remaining part of the movable counterweight, and remove the tire frame.

14. A tower crane assembly and disassembly method, characterized in that: A tower crane according to any one of claims 1 to 12 is used, wherein the assembly process of the tower crane comprises the following steps: 1) A cradle is erected on the ground, a tower and a tower arm are assembled on the cradle, an upper vertical slewing bearing is installed on the tower, a portion of a movable counterweight is installed on the tower arm, and a base and a traveling device are assembled below the tower. A lower vertical slewing bearing is installed on the base. Axial connections are made between the tower arm and the tower, the tower and the base, and the boom or the balancing arm and the ground, with the rotation axes being centered on the first axis, the second axis, the third axis, and the fourth axis respectively; 2) removing the tire frame, starting the traveling device to move toward the fixed connection point between the tower arm and the ground, rotating the tower arm and the tower frame, the tower frame and the base, and the boom and the ground around the axis, and rotating the tower arm and the tower frame. When the tower arm is perpendicular to the ground, the traveling device stops moving; 3) Using cables to securely connect the upper portion of the tower to the ground, removing the fixed connection points between the tower arm and the ground, and continuing to move the walking device until the tower is perpendicular to the ground and in contact with the base; 4) Fixing the tower to the base, loosening the fixed connection point between the cable and the ground, and removing the cable; 5) activating the movable counterweight drive device to adjust the position of the movable counterweight, rotating the tower arm to a horizontal position, and installing the remaining portion of the movable counterweight; The disassembly process of the tower crane comprises the following steps: 1) Install the tire frame, remove part of the movable counterweight, use cables to fix the tower to the ground, and loosen the fixed connection points between the tower and the base; 2) first adjusting the position of the remaining portion of the movable counterweight on the tower arm so that the gravity moment of the boom corresponding to the second axis is greater than the gravity moment of the balance arm, and the tower arm rotates toward a vertical position around the second axis; 3) adjusting the position of the remaining portion of the movable counterweight on the tower arm for a second time so that the gravity moment of the lifting arm corresponding to the third axis is greater than the gravity moment in the balance arm; 4) Move the walking device toward the fixed connection point between the cable and the ground, and the tower begins to rotate. When the tower arm touches the ground, the walking device stops moving, and the fourth support is fixedly connected to the ground, and the cable is removed; 5) Continue to move the walking device until the tower and the tower arm fall back onto the tire frame, remove the connection between the tower, the tower arm and the base, dismantle the remaining part of the movable counterweight, and remove the tire frame.

15. A tower crane assembly and disassembly method, characterized in that: A tower crane according to any one of claims 1 to 12 is used, wherein the assembly process of the tower crane comprises the following steps: 1) Use an ordinary tower crane to complete the installation of the base and tower, and install the support frame and winch on the top of the tower; 2) The tower is a double-arm tower, and the tower arm is assembled in the middle position of the double-arm tower, and the tower arm is hoisted to the top of the tower using a winch; 3) Use the hook on the tower arm to lift the upper slewing bearing, upper vertical slewing bearing and damping device to the top of the tower and fix them; 4) Using the hoist to lower the tower arm onto the upper vertical slewing support; 5) Remove the top support frame and winch of the tower and install other accessories of the tower crane; The disassembly process of the tower crane comprises the following steps: 1) Remove the relevant accessories on the top of the tower and install the top support frame and winch of the tower; 2) using the hoist to lift the tower arm off the upper vertical slewing support; 3) Use the hook on the tower arm to lift the upper slewing bearing, upper vertical slewing bearing and damping device to the ground; 4) Using the hoist to hoist the tower arm from the middle position of the tower double arm rod to the ground; 5) Use an ordinary tower crane to remove the support frame and winch on the top of the tower, and dismantle the tower and base.

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