A transforaminal access mining method and system that is easy to fill

Abstract

The application provides a lode-penetrating access stoping method and system with easy filling and roof connection. The lode-penetrating access stoping method with easy filling and roof connection comprises the following steps: arranging a lode-out access along the ore body, and the shoulder of the lode-out access and the soft rock layer under the ore body have a gap; excavating multiple lode-penetrating accesses from the lode-out access, and the roof height of the lode-penetrating accesses gradually decreases from the lode-out access to the upper boundary of the ore body; during the excavation of the lode-penetrating accesses, the roof of the lode-penetrating accesses and the side walls of the adjacent lode-penetrating accesses are jointly supported; after the excavation and support of the lode-penetrating accesses are completed, the bottom of the lode-penetrating accesses is paved; and a flexible retaining wall is constructed and the filling body is filled. For the ore rock with structural surface developed along the ore body, the lode-penetrating access is arranged, the construction difficulty is reduced, the safety is improved, and the cost is reduced. The gradually reduced cross section of the roof facilitates the filling body to fill the roof, maintains the stability of the stope, and realizes the safe stoping of the lower layer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of non-ferrous mine mining, in particular to a kind of easy to fill roof penetration access stoping method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The average inclination of the 800mL west region ore body of the main ore body of a certain copper mine is 75°, the average thickness of the ore body is 6m, and the average grade is 2.35%. The ore rock bedding and joint are particularly developed along the strike direction of the ore body, and the surrounding rock stability is poor. The design uses downward drift sublevel filling mining method for stoping, arranges stope along the strike direction of the ore body, and uses penetration form to excavate the first stoping layer, i.e. the preparation layer, and then constructs artificial false floor and fills paste. The construction quality of the preparation layer stope will directly affect the safety of the lower sublevel stoping. When filling paste under the condition that the roof elevation of the penetration access is unchanged, local filling may not be roofed, the roof may be unstable and collapse, which affects the overall stability of the stope and further affects the safe stoping of the lower sublevel. SUMMARY

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a kind of easy to fill roof penetration access stoping method and system to solve the problems of the prior art.

[0004] The technical scheme for solving the above technical problem is as follows: a kind of easy to fill roof penetration access stoping method, which comprises: arranging a vein along the ore body along the ore body, and the shoulder of the vein along the ore body has a gap between the soft rock layer of the lower disc of the ore body; excavate a plurality of penetration accesses from the vein along the ore body, the roof height of the penetration access gradually decreases from the vein along the ore body to the upper disc boundary of the ore body; during the excavation of the penetration access, the roof of the penetration access and the side slope of the adjacent penetration access are jointly supported; after the excavation and support of the penetration access are completed, the bottom of the penetration access is laid; flexible retaining wall is constructed and filling body is filled.

[0005] The beneficial effects of the technical scheme of the present application are: for the ore rock with structural surface developed along the strike direction of the ore body, the penetration form access is arranged, which reduces the construction difficulty, improves the construction safety, and reduces the support cost. The gradually reduced cross section of the roof facilitates the filling of the filling body, maintains the overall stability of the preparation layer and the stope, and realizes the safe stoping of the lower sublevel.

[0006] Further, the penetration access retreats from both ends of the stope to the middle.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the above further technical scheme are: the penetration access retreats from both ends of the stope to the middle, which is better than the forward stoping in terms of overall stability of the stope and higher construction safety.

[0008] Further, a plurality of cross-vein approaches are excavated from the cross-vein gateway along the vein, and the cross-vein gateway is located in the middle of the stope.

[0009] The beneficial effect of the further technical scheme is that it is conducive to the retreat and alternate operation from both ends to the middle of the stope, and is conducive to construction safety and production efficiency.

[0010] Further, the gap between the shoulder of the cross-vein gateway and the soft rock layer of the lower wall of the ore body is greater than or equal to 2 meters.

[0011] The beneficial effect of the further technical scheme is that the soft rock layer has poor lithology, and the closer the cross-vein gateway is to the soft rock layer, the higher the cost of roadway excavation and support. On the contrary, increasing the distance between the cross-vein gateway and the soft rock layer effectively reduces the support cost.

[0012] Further, the floor elevation of the cross-vein approach is constant, and the roof of the cross-vein approach is lowered by 12-16 cm per shot.

[0013] The beneficial effect of the further technical scheme is that the cross-section arrangement structure with constant floor elevation and gradually lowered roof facilitates the filling of the filling body and effectively maintains the overall stability of the preparation layer stope, enabling safe mining of the lower layer. When the filling pipe is installed at the highest point of the cross-vein approach for filling, the roof is lower inside and higher outside, making it easier to gradually achieve filling roof from inside to outside, thereby ensuring the overall stability of the preparation layer stope.

[0014] Further, during the excavation of the cross-vein approach, the roof of the cross-vein approach and the side walls of the adjacent cross-vein approach are jointly supported by anchor rods, long anchor cables, metal mesh, and sprayed concrete. The anchor rods and long anchor cables inside the cross-vein approach are inclined to the upper wall of the ore body. After the excavation and support of the cross-vein approach are completed, a layer of ore is laid, a steel mesh is laid, and a concrete false floor is poured to realize the laying of the bottom of the cross-vein approach. The bottom of the metal mesh of the side wall of the adjacent cross-vein approach is connected to the steel mesh.

[0015] The beneficial effect of the further technical scheme is that anchor rods, long anchor cables, metal mesh, and sprayed concrete are used for joint support to ensure safety during construction.

[0016] Further, the steel mesh is connected to the long anchor cable of the roof of the cross-vein approach by vertical reinforcement.

[0017] The beneficial effect of the further technical scheme is to improve the stability of the reinforced concrete false roof and facilitate safe mining of the lower layer.

[0018] Further, the angle between the anchor rod and the long anchor cable and the horizontal plane is 65-75°.

[0019] The beneficial effect of the further technical solution is that the anchor rod and the long anchor cable support perpendicularly to the bedding direction, which enhances the anchoring effect and improves the support capacity.

[0020] Further, the side wall of the adjacent cross-vein access is covered by the metal mesh, and the bottom of the metal mesh is connected to the steel mesh by iron wire binding.

[0021] The beneficial effect of the further technical solution is that when the adjacent cross-vein access is mined, the filling body on one side is upright and stable.

[0022] In addition, the present application also provides a cross-vein access mining system easy to fill and roof, based on any one of the cross-vein access mining methods easy to fill and roof, the cross-vein access system easy to fill and roof comprises: a vein out mining gallery arranged along the ore body trend, a plurality of cross-vein accesses with the roof height gradually decreasing from the vein out mining gallery to the upper disc boundary of the ore body in a stepwise manner, and a filling body, the vein out mining gallery is connected with the plurality of cross-vein accesses, the plurality of cross-vein accesses are connected with the ore body, and the filling body is arranged in the cross-vein access.

[0023] The beneficial effect of the technical solution of the present application is that for the ore rock with the structural plane developed along the ore body trend, the cross-vein access is arranged, which reduces the construction difficulty, improves the construction safety, reduces the support cost, and the cross section with the gradually reduced roof is arranged, which facilitates the filling body to fill and roof, maintains the prepared layer and the overall stability of the stope, and realizes the safe mining of the lower layer.

[0024] The advantages of the additional aspects of the present application will be partially given in the following description, partially will become obvious from the following description, or will be understood by the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The cross-vein access mining method provided for the embodiments of the present application is shown in the schematic flowchart.

[0026] Figure 2 The vertical section along the ore body trend direction provided for the embodiments of the present application is shown in the schematic flowchart.

[0027] Figure 3 The plan view along the ore body trend direction provided for the embodiments of the present application is shown in the schematic flowchart.

[0028] Figure 4 The section along the ore body trend direction provided for the embodiments of the present application is shown in the schematic flowchart.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals: 1, vein out ore connecting road; 2, stope connecting road; 3, vein penetrating access; 4, ore cushion; 5, steel mesh; 6, concrete false floor; 7, filling body; 8, anchor rod; 9, long anchor cable; 10, metal mesh; 11, shotcrete; 12, vertical reinforcement; 13, flexible retaining wall; 14, lower sublevel stoping access; 15, ore body; 16, weak rock stratum; 17, stope; 18, gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The principles and features of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the examples are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0031] As shown in the drawings, the vein penetrating access stoping method provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises: Figure 1

[0032] S1, arranging vein out ore connecting road 1 along the strike of ore body 15, and the vein out ore connecting road 1 has a gap 18 between the shoulder and the weak rock stratum 16 of the lower wall of the ore body 15;

[0033] S2, excavating multiple vein penetrating accesses 3 from the vein out ore connecting road 1, and the roof height of the vein penetrating accesses 3 gradually decreases step by step from the vein out ore connecting road 1 to the upper wall boundary of the ore body 15;

[0034] S3, during the excavation of the vein penetrating accesses 3, the roof of the vein penetrating access 3 and the side wall of the adjacent vein penetrating access 3 are jointly supported;

[0035] S4, after the excavation and support of the vein penetrating access 3 are completed, the bottom of the vein penetrating access 3 is paved;

[0036] S5, constructing flexible retaining wall 13 and filling filling body 7.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the technical scheme of the present application are as follows: for the ore rock with structural surface developed along the strike of the ore body, the vein penetrating access is arranged, which reduces the construction difficulty, improves the construction safety, and reduces the support cost. The gradually reduced cross section of the roof facilitates the filling body to fill the roof, maintains the prepared layer and the overall stability of the stope, and realizes the safe stoping of the lower sublevel.

[0038] The lower part of the vein penetrating access 3 is provided with a lower sublevel stoping access 14.

[0039] ​Specifically, the vein-penetrating access stoping method provided by the embodiment of the present application is easy to fill and includes an along-vein out-of-ore connecting tunnel, the along-vein out-of-ore connecting tunnel is arranged along the strike of the ore body, and the shoulder of the along-vein out-of-ore connecting tunnel is not less than 2 m away from the soft rock layer under the ore body. The closer to the soft rock layer, the higher the cost of roadway excavation and support. The vein-penetrating access is excavated from the along-vein out-of-ore connecting tunnel, the floor elevation of the vein-penetrating access is constant, and the roof height gradually decreases in a stepped manner from the along-vein out-of-ore connecting tunnel to the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body. The roof and the side wall of the adjacent vein-penetrating access are jointly supported by anchor rods, long anchor cables, metal mesh and sprayed concrete during the excavation of the vein-penetrating access. After the excavation and support of the vein-penetrating access are completed, the ore cushion, the steel mesh, the concrete false floor, the flexible retaining wall and the filling body are sequentially laid, paved, poured, constructed and filled. The vein-penetrating access is retreatingly advanced from both ends of the stope to the middle.

[0040] For the ore rock in which the structural plane develops along the strike of the ore body, the vein-penetrating access is arranged, which can greatly reduce the construction difficulty, improve the construction safety and reduce the support cost. The cross section arrangement structure with constant floor elevation and gradually decreasing roof can facilitate the filling body to be filled and topped, can effectively maintain the overall stability of the preparatory layer stope and can realize the safe stoping of the lower layer.

[0041] During the excavation of the vein-penetrating access, the floor elevation is constant, and the roof decreases by 12-16 cm per shot. When the filling pipe is installed at the highest position of the vein-penetrating access for filling, the roof is low inside and high outside, which is easy to gradually realize the filling and topping from inside to outside, thereby ensuring the overall stability of the preparatory layer stope.

[0042] The bottom of the metal mesh of the side wall of the adjacent vein-penetrating access is connected with the steel mesh, and the connection is made by iron wire binding. The metal mesh covers the side wall of the adjacent vein-penetrating access, and the lower part thereof is integrally connected with the steel mesh by iron wire binding. This ensures that the filling body on one side is upright and stable during the mining of the adjacent vein-penetrating access.

[0043] The steel mesh is connected to the long anchor cable of the roof of the vein-penetrating access by welding vertical reinforcement. This improves the stability of the reinforced concrete false roof and is beneficial to the safe stoping of the lower layer.

[0044] The anchor rod and the long anchor cable of the support in the vein-penetrating access are inclined to the upper wall of the ore body, and the included angle with the horizontal plane is 65°-75°. The anchor rod and the long anchor cable are perpendicular to the bedding direction for support, which can enhance the anchoring effect and improve the support capacity.

[0045] Further, the vein-penetrating access 3 is retreatingly advanced from both ends of the stope 17 to the middle.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the above further technical scheme are that the overall stability of the stope is better and the construction safety is higher in the retreating stoping than in the advancing stoping.

[0047] Further, a plurality of cross-vein approaches 3 are excavated from the drift 2 along the vein drift 1, the drift 2 being located in the middle of the stope 17.

[0048] The beneficial effect of the above further technical solution is: It is conducive to the retreat and alternate operation from both ends to the middle of the stope, and conducive to construction safety and improving production efficiency.

[0049] Further, the gap between the shoulder of the vein drift 1 and the weak rock layer 16 of the lower wall of the ore body 15 is greater than or equal to 2 meters.

[0050] The beneficial effect of the above further technical solution is: The weak rock layer has poor lithology, and the closer the vein drift is to the weak rock layer, the higher the roadway excavation and support cost is. On the contrary, increasing the distance between the vein drift and the weak rock layer can effectively reduce the support cost.

[0051] Further, the floor elevation of the cross-vein approach 3 is constant, and the roof of the cross-vein approach 3 is lowered by 12-16 cm per shot.

[0052] The beneficial effect of the above further technical solution is: The use of the section arrangement structure with constant floor elevation and gradually lowered roof facilitates the filling body to fill the roof, effectively maintains the overall stability of the preparation layer stope, and realizes the safe mining of the lower layer. When the filling pipe is installed at the highest point of the cross-vein approach for filling, the roof is low inside and high outside, which is easy to gradually achieve filling roof from inside to outside, thereby ensuring the overall stability of the preparation layer stope.

[0053] Further, during the excavation of the cross-vein approach 3, the roof of the cross-vein approach 3 and the side walls of the adjacent cross-vein approach 3 are jointly supported by anchor rods 8, long anchor cables 9, metal mesh sheets 10, and sprayed concrete 11. The anchor rods 8 and long anchor cables 9 inside the cross-vein approach 3 are inclined to the upper wall of the ore body 15. After the excavation and support of the cross-vein approach 3 are completed, the bottom of the cross-vein approach 3 is realized by sequentially laying the ore cushion 4, laying the steel mesh 5, and pouring the concrete false bottom 6. The bottom of the metal mesh sheet 10 of the side wall of the adjacent cross-vein approach 3 is connected with the steel mesh 5.

[0054] The beneficial effect of the above further technical solution is: The use of anchor rods, long anchor cables, metal mesh sheets, and sprayed concrete for joint support ensures the safety of construction operations. The anchor rods and long anchor cables are perpendicular to the bedding direction for support, which enhances the anchoring effect and improves the support capacity, making the roadway more stable and the operation environment safer.

[0055] Further, the steel mesh 5 is connected to the long anchor cable 9 of the roof of the cross-vein approach 3 by the vertical reinforcement 12.

[0056] The beneficial effect of the further technical scheme is that the stability of the reinforced concrete false roof is improved, and the safety of the lower layer is ensured.

[0057] Further, the angle between the anchor rod 8 and the long anchor cable 9 and the horizontal plane is 65°-75°.

[0058] The beneficial effect of the further technical scheme is that the anchor rod and the long anchor cable are perpendicular to the bedding direction, which enhances the anchoring effect and improves the supporting capacity.

[0059] Further, the side of the adjacent cross-vein approach 3 is covered by the metal mesh 10, and the bottom of the metal mesh 10 is connected to the steel mesh 5 by wire binding.

[0060] The beneficial effect of the further technical scheme is that the filling body on one side is upright and stable during the mining of the adjacent cross-vein approach.

[0061] A cross-vein approach mining method with easy filling and roof connection comprises an along-vein out-of-mine access, which is arranged along the ore body strike and is arranged in a "T" shape with the stope access, and the stope access is located in the middle of the stope. The shoulder of the along-vein out-of-mine access is not less than 2m away from the soft rock layer at the lower wall of the ore body. The soft rock layer has poor lithology. The closer the along-vein out-of-mine access is to the soft rock layer, the higher the supporting cost required. The along-vein out-of-mine access is supported by anchor net and long anchor cable. A cross-vein approach is excavated from the along-vein out-of-mine access. During the excavation of the cross-vein approach, the roof is lowered by 12-16cm per shot. When the subsequent filling pipe is installed at the highest point of the cross-vein approach for filling, the roof is low inside and high outside, which is easy to gradually achieve filling and roof connection from inside to outside, thereby ensuring the overall stability of the preparatory layer stope. Secondly, the cross-vein approach is supported by anchor rod, long anchor cable, metal mesh and sprayed concrete during the excavation process to ensure the safety of the construction operation. The anchor rod and the metal mesh are supported by "one shot one support". The long anchor cable and the sprayed concrete are supported by "two shots one support". When the anchor rod and the long anchor cable are supported, they are inclined to the upper wall direction, and the angle between the anchor rod and the long anchor cable and the horizontal plane is 65°-75°. The support is perpendicular to the bedding direction, which can enhance the anchoring effect and improve the supporting capacity. The metal mesh covers the side of the adjacent cross-vein approach, and the lower part of the metal mesh is integrally connected to the steel mesh which is laid subsequently by wire binding. The main function is to ensure that the filling body on one side remains upright and stable during the construction of the adjacent cross-vein approach. After the construction of the cross-vein approach is completed, the ore cushion layer is laid, the steel mesh is laid, and after the steel mesh is laid, the two long anchor cables in the middle of the cross-vein approach are welded with vertical reinforcement to connect the lower steel mesh. The vertical reinforcement is two rows per row, and the row distance is 3m. After the above construction is completed, the concrete false bottom is poured, the flexible retaining wall is constructed, and the filling body is filled. The cross-vein approach is pushed back from both ends to the middle of the stope.

[0062] Example one

[0063] The average inclination of a 800mL west region ore body of a certain copper mine is 75°, the average thickness of the ore body is 6m, and the average grade is 2.35%. The ore rock bedding and joint are particularly developed along the ore body direction, the surrounding rock stability is poor, and the lower limb of the ore body has a 0.5m-2m weak rock layer. The ore body is designed to be mined by using the downward drift sublevel filling mining method, the stope is arranged along the ore body direction, and the single stope length is 45m. When the preparatory layer stope is excavated along the vein, the roof often collapses, the construction difficulty is great, the support cost is high, the preparatory layer stope is changed to be arranged in the form of penetrating the vein, and the paste body filling is performed in the case that the roof elevation of the penetrating vein drift is unchanged. Local filling does not connect to the roof, the roof is unstable and collapses, the overall stability of the stope is affected, and then the safety mining of the lower sublevel is affected. In order to ensure the construction quality of the artificial false roof of the first mining layer, that is, the preparatory layer, and realize the safety mining of the lower sublevel, the penetrating vein drift mining method is used for construction.

[0064] The stope connecting way is arranged in the middle of the stope, after the construction is completed, the vein along the ore connecting way is constructed from the stope connecting way, the section size is 3.8m*3.8m (width*height), the vein along the ore connecting way is arranged in a T shape with the stope connecting way, the shoulder of the vein along the ore connecting way is 2.5m away from the weak rock layer of the lower limb of the ore body, the anchor net + anchor cable combined support is used in the vein along the ore connecting way during the excavation process, there are 5-7 anchor rods in each row, and the row distance is 1m; there are 3 anchor cables in each row, and the row distance is 2m; the metal mesh covers the position above the waist of the vein along the ore connecting way.

[0065] After the vein along the ore connecting way is constructed to the end position of the stope, the penetrating vein drift is constructed, the width of the drift is 4.5m, the bottom plate elevation of the penetrating vein drift is unchanged, the roof height starts from the vein along the ore connecting way and ends at the upper limb of the ore body, and the height of each cycle of blasting and mining is reduced by 12cm; after 5 cycles, the roof height reaches 3.2m. The anchor net (the anchor net includes anchor rods and metal mesh), long anchor cable and sprayed concrete combined support are used in the penetrating vein drift excavation process. The anchor net adopts the mode of “one shot one support”; the long anchor cable and the sprayed concrete adopt the mode of “two shots one support”. When the anchor rod and the long anchor cable are supported, the direction is inclined to the upper limb, and the angle with the horizontal plane is 70°. The anchor rod support of the penetrating vein drift is 7 in each row, 5 on the roof, 1 on each side, and the row distance is 1.1m; the metal mesh covers the roof and the adjacent drift side. When the metal mesh is supported, the overlapping width between the metal mesh is 20cm. The anchor cable of the penetrating vein drift is 4 in each row, the interval is 1m, and the row distance is 2m; when the sprayed concrete is supported, the sprayed thickness is not less than 7cm, and the concrete slurry is preferably fully covered with the mesh.

[0066] After the vein route is excavated, the vein route floor is cleaned, a 200mm thick ore cushion is laid, a layer of woven bag is laid on the ore cushion, a steel mesh is laid on the woven bag, the main reinforcement is laid along the vein route direction, Φ20mm threaded steel is used, the interval is 160mm, the secondary reinforcement is laid perpendicular to the vein route direction, Φ12mm threaded steel is used, the interval is 200mm, the main and secondary reinforcement is bound with 20# wire, the steel mesh is raised by 50mm with small stones after the steel mesh is bound, the side support metal mesh and the steel mesh are bound and connected with iron wire. Secondly, vertical reinforcement is welded on the two long anchor cables in the middle of the vein route to connect the lower steel mesh, two vertical reinforcements per row, row distance 3m. Then C20 concrete is poured, after the concrete is poured and cured for 24 hours, a flexible retaining wall is constructed at the vein route opening, the filling pipe is installed at the top of the flexible retaining wall to fill the paste body, after the filling body fills the vein route and is cured for 3 days, the adjacent route construction can be carried out, and the route construction sequence is retreated from the two ends of the stope to the middle in principle.

[0067] As shown in Figures 2 to 4 In addition, the present application also provides a vein route mining system easy to fill and top, based on the vein route mining method easy to fill and top, the vein route system easy to fill and top comprises: a vein out ore connecting way 1 arranged along the ore body 15, a plurality of vein routes 3 with a stepwise gradually reduced roof height from the vein out ore connecting way 1 to the upper disc boundary of the ore body 15, and a filling body 7, the vein out ore connecting way 1 is connected with the plurality of vein routes 3, the plurality of vein routes 3 are connected with the ore body 15, and the filling body 7 is arranged in the vein route 3.

[0068] The beneficial effects of the technical scheme of the present application are: for the ore rock with the structural plane developed along the ore body, the vein route is arranged, which reduces the construction difficulty, improves the construction safety, and reduces the support cost. The gradually reduced cross section of the roof facilitates the filling of the filling body, maintains the preparatory layer and the overall stability of the stope, and realizes the safe mining of the lower layer.

[0069] Specifically, a vein route mining system easy to fill and top comprises: a vein out ore connecting way 1 arranged along the ore body 15, a plurality of vein routes 3 with a stepwise gradually reduced roof height from the vein out ore connecting way 1 to the upper disc boundary of the ore body 15, and a filling body 7, the vein out ore connecting way 1 is connected with the plurality of vein routes 3, the plurality of vein routes 3 are connected with the ore body 15, and the filling body 7 is arranged in the vein route 3. For the ore rock with the structural plane developed along the ore body, the vein route is arranged, which reduces the construction difficulty, improves the construction safety, and reduces the support cost. The gradually reduced cross section of the roof facilitates the filling of the filling body, maintains the preparatory layer and the overall stability of the stope, and realizes the safe mining of the lower layer.

[0070] Further, the roof and the side of the vein piercing route 3 are provided with a plurality of anchor rods 8, a plurality of long anchor cables 9, a metal mesh 10 and shotcrete 11, the metal mesh 10 is installed on the inner wall of the roof and the side of the vein piercing route 3, the shotcrete 11 covers the metal mesh 10, one end of the plurality of anchor rods 8 and one end of the plurality of long anchor cables 9 are connected with the metal mesh 10, the other end of the plurality of anchor rods 8 and the other end of the plurality of long anchor cables 9 are connected with the ore body 15 through the roof of the vein piercing route 3, and the filling body 7 is arranged outside the shotcrete 11. The anchor rod, the long anchor cable, the metal mesh and the shotcrete are combined to support, so as to ensure the safety during construction. The anchor rod and the long anchor cable are perpendicular to the bedding direction, which enhances the anchoring effect and improves the supporting capacity.

[0071] Further, the anchor rod 8 and the long anchor cable 9 are arranged in the upper disc direction of the ore body 15, and the angle between the anchor rod 8 and the long anchor cable 9 and the horizontal plane ranges from 65° to 75°. The anchor rod and the long anchor cable are perpendicular to the bedding direction, which enhances the anchoring effect and improves the supporting capacity.

[0072] Further, the bottom of the vein piercing route 3 is horizontally arranged, the ore cushion layer 4, the steel mesh 5 and the concrete false bottom 6 are sequentially arranged on the bottom, the ore cushion layer 4 is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the vein piercing route 3, the steel mesh 5 is arranged above the ore cushion layer 4, and the concrete false bottom 6 is arranged above the steel mesh 5. The ore cushion layer is beneficial to buffer the damage of the false bottom caused by blasting during the lower sublevel mining, and the steel mesh added in the concrete false bottom helps to improve the strength of the false bottom and the stability is higher.

[0073] Further, the bottom of the metal mesh 10 is connected with the steel mesh 5, and the steel mesh 5 is connected with the long anchor cable 9 through the vertical rib 12. The stability of the reinforced concrete false roof is further improved to ensure the safe mining of the lower sublevel. When the adjacent vein piercing route is mined, the filling body on one side is upright and stable.

[0074] Further, the vein piercing route 3 has a plurality of cavities formed by the blasting mining process, the plurality of cavities are sequentially connected, the top height of the plurality of cavities gradually decreases from the vein out ore connecting way 1 to the upper disc boundary of the ore body 15, and there is a height difference between the adjacent two cavities. The section arrangement structure with the constant bottom elevation and the gradually lowered roof facilitates the filling body to fill the top, can effectively maintain the overall stability of the prepared layer stope, and realizes the safe mining of the lower sublevel. When the filling pipeline is installed at the highest part of the vein piercing route for filling, the roof is low inside and high outside, which is easy to gradually realize the filling of the top from inside to outside, and then ensures the overall stability of the prepared layer stope.

[0075] Further, the height difference is 12-16 cm. The section arrangement structure with the unchanged bottom plate level and the gradually lowered top plate facilitates the filling body to fill the roof, effectively maintains the overall stability of the preparatory level stope, and realizes the safe mining of the lower layer.

[0076] Further, the lower disc of the ore body 15 is a soft rock layer 16, and the gap 18 is between the along-vein ore drawing communication passage 1 and the soft rock layer 16. The soft rock layer has poor lithology, and keeping a certain distance between the roadway and the soft rock layer is beneficial to the stability of the roadway.

[0077] Further, the gap 18 is greater than or equal to 2 meters. The soft rock layer has poor lithology, and the closer the along-vein ore drawing communication passage is to the soft rock layer, the higher the roadway excavation support cost is. On the contrary, increasing the distance between the along-vein ore drawing communication passage and the soft rock layer effectively reduces the support cost.

[0078] Further, the stope communication passage 2 is connected with multiple through-vein access roads 3 through the along-vein ore drawing communication passage 1, the stope communication passage 2 is perpendicular to the along-vein ore drawing communication passage 1, the ore body 15 is provided with a stope 17, the stope communication passage 2 is located at one side of the middle part of the stope 17, and the through-vein access road 3 is provided with a flexible retaining wall 13 adjacent to one end of the along-vein ore drawing communication passage 1. It is convenient to retreat alternately from both ends of the stope to the middle part, which is beneficial to construction safety and improves production efficiency.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement to part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for easy filling and top-connection of a through-vein access for mining, characterized in that, include: A vein-connecting channel (1) is arranged along the strike of the ore body (15), and there is a gap (18) between the shoulder of the vein-connecting channel (1) and the weak rock layer (16) of the footwall of the ore body (15). Multiple cross-vein access roads (3) are excavated from the ore-exiting connecting road (1), and the top plate height of the cross-vein access road (3) gradually decreases in a stepped manner from the ore-exiting connecting road (1) to the upper boundary of the ore body (15). During the excavation of the through-path (3), the top plate of the through-path (3) and the side walls of the adjacent through-path (3) are jointly supported; After the excavation of the through-path (3) is completed, the bottom of the through-path (3) is laid. Construct a flexible retaining wall (13) and fill it with filling material (7); The transect route (3) advances backward from both ends of the mining area (17) toward the middle; Multiple cross-vein access routes (3) are excavated from the stope access road (2) through the ore-exit access road (1) along the vein. The stope access road (2) is located in the middle of the stope (17). The elevation of the bottom plate of the piercing path (3) remains unchanged, and the top plate of the piercing path (3) is lowered by 12-16 cm per shot; The gap (18) between the shoulder of the ore-exit connecting passage (1) and the weak rock layer (16) under the footwall of the ore body (15) is greater than or equal to 2 meters.

2. The method for easy filling and top-connection of a cross-cutting approach for mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the excavation of the cross-cutting route (3), the top plate of the cross-cutting route (3) and the side walls of the adjacent cross-cutting route (3) are supported by a combination of anchor bolts (8), long anchor cables (9), metal mesh (10) and shotcrete (11). The anchor bolts (8) and long anchor cables (9) supporting the cross-cutting route (3) are inclined towards the upper plate of the ore body (15). After the cross-cutting route (3) is excavated and supported, the ore cushion layer (4), steel mesh (5) is laid and concrete false bottom (6) is poured in sequence to lay the bottom of the cross-cutting route (3). The bottom of the metal mesh (10) of the side walls of the adjacent cross-cutting route (3) is connected to the steel mesh (5).

3. The method for easy filling and top-connection of a cross-cutting approach for mining according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steel mesh (5) is connected to the long anchor cable (9) on the top plate of the through-path (3) by the vertical bar (12).

4. The method for easy filling and top-connection of a cross-cutting approach for mining according to claim 2, characterized in that, The angle between the anchor bolt (8) and the long anchor cable (9) and the horizontal plane is 65°~75°.

5. The method for easy filling and top-connection of a cross-cutting approach for mining according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sidewalls of the adjacent through-path (3) are covered by a metal mesh (10), and the bottom of the metal mesh (10) is tied to the steel mesh (5) with wire.

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