Antenna pattern generation method, system, terminal and medium based on finite characteristics

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method, system, terminal, and medium for generating an antenna pattern based on finite characteristics, and relates to the field of antenna pattern technology. The key points of the technical solution are: obtaining finite characteristic data including gain, 3dB beamwidth, axial ratio, and polarization mode; constructing a pattern amplitude model based on the gain and 3dB beamwidth; determining a circular polarization ratio including amplitude and phase based on the axial ratio and polarization mode; solving the circular polarization ratio and the pattern amplitude model to obtain a left-handed circularly polarized component or a right-handed circularly polarized component corresponding to the polarization mode; calculating an electric field line polarization component based on the circular polarization ratio and the corresponding left-handed circularly polarized component or right-handed circularly polarized component, and generating an antenna pattern based on the electric field line polarization component. The present invention realizes the polarization characteristics and axial ratio characteristics of the antenna pattern using the electric field line polarization component, obtains an antenna pattern with a sufficiently high degree of fit, and the antenna pattern can reflect the amplitude and phase of the circular polarization ratio.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of antenna patterns, and more particularly, to a method, system, terminal and medium for generating an antenna pattern based on finite features. Background Art

[0002] Predicting inter-antenna compatibility is a crucial component of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis and assessment. System-level and regional-level EMC simulations typically prioritize antenna impacts, such as inter-antenna isolation and the electromagnetic environmental effects caused by antenna radiation. Therefore, antenna-related information, such as operating frequency, transmit power, gain, radiation pattern, and polarization, is essential. This information, with the exception of the radiation pattern, is relatively readily available. The antenna pattern is one of the most crucial parameters in the compatibility analysis. However, obtaining accurate antenna models or pattern data from antenna manufacturers during EMC analysis often requires limited information, often limited to characteristic features such as gain, 3dB beamwidth, polarization, and operating frequency. This data is often difficult to accurately translate directly into full-wave electromagnetic simulation software such as FEKO and HFSS.

[0003] Existing radiation pattern generation technology: On the one hand, there are methods to obtain antenna radiation patterns by designing equivalent physical antennas; there are also methods to build approximate radiation pattern mathematical models based on the characteristics of existing parameters, so that antenna radiation pattern data at any angle can be calculated, but only the antenna gain and 3dB beam width are considered; although the above two methods can approximately simulate the shape of the antenna radiation pattern, they cannot accurately reflect important information in the radiation pattern, such as polarization mode and axial ratio, resulting in the following deficiencies: (1) The existing technology fits less antenna radiation pattern feature data, so that the obtained antenna radiation pattern is quite different from the real one; (2) The existing technology hardly considers the polarization characteristics and axial ratio characteristics of the real antenna. In the simulation application process, the influence of polarization mismatch is lacking, making the simulation results not close enough to the real situation; (3) The existing technology, especially the mathematical simulation technology, does not consider the decomposition of different components of the antenna radiation pattern in different coordinate systems, such as the θ component and Components make it difficult to apply in full-wave electromagnetic simulation software. On the other hand, some antenna pattern generation methods are laboratory testing, that is, using physical antennas to perform pattern testing in professional antenna testing laboratories. However, this method also has the following shortcomings: (1) Testing requires physical antennas, which may be difficult to obtain in most cases; especially in the demand analysis stage of many projects, there may be no physical antennas at all; (2) Testing requires professional laboratories, with long test cycles and high test costs; (3) Testing requires obtaining amplitude and phase information at the same time, which makes the test complex.

[0004] Therefore, how to research and design an antenna pattern generation method, system, terminal and medium based on finite features that can overcome the above-mentioned defects is a problem that we urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a method, system, terminal, and medium for generating an antenna pattern based on finite features, so as to obtain an antenna pattern with a sufficiently high degree of fit based on finite feature data.

[0006] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, a method for generating an antenna pattern based on finite features is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Obtain limited characteristic data including gain, 3dB beamwidth, axial ratio and polarization mode;

[0009] Construct the pattern amplitude model based on gain and 3dB beamwidth;

[0010] Determine the circular polarization ratio including amplitude and phase according to the axial ratio and polarization mode;

[0011] The left-hand circular polarization component or right-hand circular polarization component corresponding to the polarization mode is obtained according to the circular polarization ratio and the pattern amplitude model;

[0012] The electric field line polarization component is calculated based on the circular polarization ratio and the corresponding left-hand circular polarization component or right-hand circular polarization component, and the antenna pattern is generated based on the electric field line polarization component.

[0013] Furthermore, if any one of the gain, 3dB beamwidth, axial ratio, and polarization mode data cannot be obtained, the set data representing the minimum performance is used as the corresponding limited feature.

[0014] Furthermore, the pattern amplitude model includes a gain function and an electric field function;

[0015] The calculation formula of the gain function is specifically:

[0016]

[0017] in, represents the gain function; B 3dB Indicates 3dB main beam width; G max represents gain; θ represents pitch angle; Indicates azimuth;

[0018] The calculation formula of the electric field function is specifically:

[0019]

[0020] in, represents the electric field function; η represents the spatial wave impedance.

[0021] Furthermore, the calculation formula of the circular polarization ratio is specifically:

[0022]

[0023] in, represents the circular polarization ratio; ρ c represents the amplitude of the circular polarization ratio; δ c represents the circular polarization ratio phase angle; j represents the imaginary unit; AR represents the axial ratio; LHC represents left-hand circular polarization; RHC represents right-hand circular polarization.

[0024] Furthermore, the circular polarization ratio phase angle is related to the polarization ellipse inclination angle, and the specific expression is:

[0025] δ c =2τ

[0026] Where τ represents the inclination angle of the polarization ellipse, which takes the value [0,90°].

[0027] Furthermore, the calculation principle of the left-hand circular polarization component is the same as that of the right-hand circular polarization component. The calculation formula of the left-hand circular polarization component is specifically:

[0028]

[0029] Among them, E L represents the left-hand circularly polarized component; represents the electric field function; θ represents the pitch angle; Indicates azimuth; represents the circular polarization ratio; represents the unit vector in the direction of the electric field θ; Represents the electric field Direction unit vector; j represents the imaginary unit.

[0030] Furthermore, the electric field line polarization component includes the electric field θ component and the electric field The calculation formula for the component polarization mode of left-hand circular polarization is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, E θ represents the θ component of the electric field; Represents the electric field Quantity; represents the circular polarization ratio; E L represents the left-hand circularly polarized component; j represents the imaginary unit.

[0033] In a second aspect, a system for generating an antenna pattern based on finite features is provided, comprising:

[0034] A data acquisition module is used to obtain limited characteristic data including gain, 3dB beamwidth, axial ratio and polarization mode;

[0035] A model building module for building a pattern amplitude model based on gain and 3dB beamwidth;

[0036] A first analysis module is used to determine a circular polarization ratio including amplitude and phase according to the axial ratio and the polarization mode;

[0037] The second analysis module obtains the left-hand circular polarization component or the right-hand circular polarization component corresponding to the polarization mode according to the circular polarization ratio and the pattern amplitude model;

[0038] The pattern generation module is used to calculate the electric field line polarization component based on the circular polarization ratio and the corresponding left-hand circular polarization component or right-hand circular polarization component, and generate the antenna pattern based on the electric field line polarization component.

[0039] In a third aspect, a computer terminal is provided, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the antenna pattern generation method based on finite features as described in any one of the first aspects is implemented.

[0040] In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the antenna pattern generation method based on finite features as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. The finite-feature-based antenna pattern generation method proposed in this invention constructs a mathematical model of the antenna pattern that simultaneously meets multiple parameter requirements based on readily available finite-feature data. It implements the polarization characteristics and axial ratio characteristics of the antenna pattern using the polarization components of the electric field lines, obtaining an antenna pattern with a sufficiently high degree of fit. Furthermore, the antenna pattern can reflect the amplitude and phase of the circular polarization ratio, playing an important role in electromagnetic compatibility analysis and prediction at the system and regional levels.

[0043] 2. The present invention can realize the directional pattern of arbitrary polarization and arbitrary axis ratio based on limited characteristic data, breaking away from the limitation of relying on the actual antenna model, and can realize engineering application quickly and efficiently, saving costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0045] Figure 1 is a flow chart in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 is a far-field 3D pattern formed by radiation from a far-field equivalent source in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 is a two-dimensional directional pattern in a plane when the azimuth angle is zero in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 is an axis ratio curve diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 It is a system block diagram in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] Example: Antenna pattern generation method based on finite features, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0052] Step 1: Obtain limited characteristic data including gain, 3dB beamwidth, axial ratio, and polarization mode;

[0053] Step 2: Construct a pattern amplitude model based on some characteristic parameters including gain and 3dB beamwidth;

[0054] Step 3: Determine the circular polarization ratio including amplitude and phase based on the axial ratio and polarization mode;

[0055] Step 4: Obtain the left-hand circular polarization component or right-hand circular polarization component corresponding to the polarization mode based on the circular polarization ratio and the pattern amplitude model;

[0056] Step 5: Calculate the electric field line polarization component based on the circular polarization ratio and the corresponding left-hand circular polarization component or right-hand circular polarization component, and generate the antenna pattern based on the electric field line polarization component.

[0057] 1. Obtain basic antenna information

[0058] The following antenna characteristics are used as an example. Antenna center frequency: 1GHz; maximum gain: approximately 7dBi; 3dB beamwidth: ≥90°; polarization: RHC; axial ratio (AR): ≤5dB; radiation pattern: Plane symmetry.

[0059] 2. A directivity pattern amplitude model constructed to meet gain and 3dB beamwidth requirements.

[0060] The gain function can be determined by different methods. In this embodiment, the amplitude model calculation formula represented by the gain function is:

[0061]

[0062] in, represents the gain function; θ represents the pitch angle, θ∈[0,180°]; represents the azimuth,

[0063] The electric field amplitude model of the antenna far zone expressed by the electric field function is:

[0064]

[0065] in, In addition, the amplitude data obtained from antenna pattern testing can also be used.

[0066] 3. Solve the circular polarization ratio

[0067] Assuming that the elliptical polarization inclination angle is τ = π / 12, the circular polarization phase angle is: δ c =π / 6.

[0068] The polarization ratio amplitude can be obtained as:

[0069] According to the amplitude and phase, the polarization ratio is:

[0070] 4. Solve for the left-hand circularly polarized component

[0071] Knowing the polarization ratio, we can calculate:

[0072]

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] 5. Solve for linear polarization components

[0076] Correspondingly, the linear polarization component can be obtained as:

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] Among them, E θ and This constitutes the linear polarization component that generates the antenna pattern.

[0080] 6. Simulation Verification

[0081] Verify the generated antenna pattern in FEKO software as follows:

[0082] (1) E θ and The components are made into far-field data files that can be recognized by FEKO in the form of amplitude and phase (.dat file) or real and imaginary parts (.ffe file);

[0083] (2) In CADFKEO, use the far-field data file from step (1) to construct a far-field equivalent source as the radiation source, set the operating frequency to 1 GHz, and solve the far-field pattern;

[0084] (3) The far-field 3D pattern formed by the radiation of the far-field equivalent source, The two-dimensional direction diagram and the axial ratio curve are shown in Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 , we can see that the maximum gain is 7.14dBi, the 3dB beamwidth is 90.15°, and it satisfies the right-hand circular polarization with an axial ratio of 5dB.

[0085] Example 2: An antenna pattern generation system based on finite features, which is used to implement the antenna pattern generation method described in Example 1, such as Figure 5 As shown, it includes a data acquisition module, a model building module, a first analysis module, a second analysis module and a direction map generation module.

[0086] Among them, the data acquisition module is used to obtain limited characteristic data including gain, 3dB beam width, axial ratio and polarization mode; the model construction module is used to construct a radiation pattern amplitude model based on some characteristic parameters including gain and 3dB beam width; the first analysis module is used to determine the circular polarization ratio including amplitude and phase based on the axial ratio and polarization mode; the second analysis module is used to solve the circular polarization ratio and the radiation pattern amplitude model to obtain the left-hand circular polarization component or the right-hand circular polarization component corresponding to the polarization mode; the radiation pattern generation module is used to calculate the electric field line polarization component based on the circular polarization ratio and the corresponding left-hand circular polarization component or the right-hand circular polarization component, and generate the antenna radiation pattern based on the electric field line polarization component.

[0087] Working principle: Based on easily available limited characteristic data, the present invention constructs a mathematical model of the antenna radiation pattern that simultaneously meets the requirements of multiple parameters. The polarization characteristics and axial ratio characteristics of the antenna radiation pattern are realized with the polarization components of the electric field lines, and an antenna radiation pattern with a sufficiently high degree of fit is obtained. The antenna radiation pattern can reflect the amplitude and phase of the circular polarization ratio, and can play an important role in electromagnetic compatibility analysis and prediction at the system level and regional level.

[0088] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application can adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application can adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0089] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0090] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0091] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0092] The above specific implementation methods further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific implementation methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Antenna pattern generation method based on finite features, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Obtain limited characteristic data including gain, 3dB beamwidth, axial ratio and polarization mode; Construct the pattern amplitude model based on gain and 3dB beamwidth; The pattern amplitude model includes a gain function and an electric field function; The calculation formula of the gain function is specifically: in, represents the gain function; B 3dB Indicates 3dB main beam width; G max represents gain; θ represents pitch angle; Indicates azimuth; Determine the circular polarization ratio including amplitude and phase according to the axial ratio and polarization mode; The calculation formula of the circular polarization ratio is specifically: in, represents the circular polarization ratio; ρ c represents the amplitude of the circular polarization ratio; δ c represents the circular polarization ratio phase angle; j represents the imaginary unit; AR represents the axial ratio; LHC represents left-hand circular polarization; RHC represents right-hand circular polarization; The left-hand circular polarization component or the right-hand circular polarization component corresponding to the polarization mode is obtained according to the circular polarization ratio and the pattern amplitude model; The electric field line polarization component is calculated based on the circular polarization ratio and the corresponding left-hand circular polarization component or right-hand circular polarization component, and the antenna pattern is generated based on the electric field line polarization component.

2. The method for generating antenna patterns based on finite features according to claim 1, wherein: If any one of the gain, 3dB beamwidth, axial ratio and polarization mode data cannot be obtained, the set data representing the minimum performance is used as the corresponding limited feature.

3. The method for generating antenna patterns based on finite features according to claim 1, wherein: The calculation formula of the electric field function is specifically: in, represents the electric field function; η represents the spatial wave impedance.

4. The method for generating antenna patterns based on finite features according to claim 1, wherein: The circular polarization ratio phase angle is related to the polarization ellipse inclination angle, and the specific expression is: d c =2t Where τ represents the inclination angle of the polarization ellipse, which takes the value [0,90°].

5. The method for generating antenna patterns based on finite features according to claim 1, wherein: The calculation principle of the left-hand circular polarization component is the same as that of the right-hand circular polarization component. The calculation formula of the left-hand circular polarization component is specifically: Among them, E L represents the left-hand circularly polarized component; represents the electric field function; θ represents the pitch angle; Indicates azimuth; represents the circular polarization ratio; represents the unit vector in the direction of the electric field θ; Represents the electric field Direction unit vector; j represents the imaginary unit.

6. The method for generating antenna patterns based on finite features according to claim 1, wherein: The electric field line polarization components include the electric field θ component and the electric field The calculation formula for the component polarization mode of left-hand circular polarization is as follows: Among them, E θ represents the θ component of the electric field; Represents the electric field Quantity; represents the circular polarization ratio; E L represents the left-hand circularly polarized component; j represents the imaginary unit. 7.An antenna pattern generation system based on finite features, characterized in that, include: A data acquisition module is used to obtain limited characteristic data including gain, 3dB beamwidth, axial ratio and polarization mode; A model building module, configured to build a pattern amplitude model based on the gain and the 3dB beamwidth, wherein the pattern amplitude model includes a gain function and an electric field function; The calculation formula of the gain function is specifically: in, represents the gain function; B 3dB Indicates 3dB main beam width; G max represents gain; θ represents pitch angle; Indicates azimuth; The first analysis module is used to determine the circular polarization ratio including amplitude and phase according to the axial ratio and the polarization mode. The calculation formula of the circular polarization ratio is specifically: in, represents the circular polarization ratio; ρ c represents the amplitude of the circular polarization ratio; δ c represents the circular polarization ratio phase angle; j represents the imaginary unit; AR represents the axial ratio; LHC represents left-hand circular polarization; RHC represents right-hand circular polarization; The second analysis module obtains the left-hand circular polarization component or the right-hand circular polarization component corresponding to the polarization mode according to the circular polarization ratio and the pattern amplitude model; The pattern generation module is used to calculate the electric field line polarization component based on the circular polarization ratio and the corresponding left-hand circular polarization component or right-hand circular polarization component, and generate the antenna pattern based on the electric field line polarization component.

8. A computer terminal comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the antenna pattern generation method based on finite features according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

9. A computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: The computer program is executed by a processor to implement the antenna pattern generation method based on finite features according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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