Hydrogen Fuel Cell Thermal Management System for Rail Transit Equipment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transit equipment, comprising a cooling system, a stack heat exchange circuit, an air supply core component heat exchange circuit, a power conversion device heat exchange circuit, a waste heat utilization system, and a control system. The stack heat exchange circuit cools the stack; the air supply core component heat exchange circuit cools the air supply core component; and the power conversion device heat exchange circuit cools the power conversion device. The stack heat exchange circuit, the air supply core component heat exchange circuit, and the power conversion device heat exchange circuit are respectively connected to a regulating module and a monitoring module; and both the monitoring module and the regulating module are connected to a control module. The present invention can provide coolant with appropriate temperature, pressure, and flow to the stack, the air supply core component, and the power conversion device, and accurately control the flow and temperature entering the stack, thereby providing a fundamental guarantee for the safe and reliable operation of the stack. The coupling of the waste heat utilization system with a conventional air conditioning system improves energy utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of heat exchange technology, and in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transit equipment. Background Art

[0002] In 2013, my country began to explore the application of hydrogen fuel cells in trams. It was not until 2021 that the first hydrogen fuel cell hybrid shunting locomotive was put into trial operation in Inner Mongolia. At present, the only few rail transit hydrogen fuel cell trams place the cooling of the battery stack, the core components of the air supply system (including the air compressor and its controller, intercooler), and the power conversion device in a heat exchange circuit. This design structure is simple, but it has the following disadvantages: On the one hand, the battery stack and the core components of the air supply system (including the air compressor and its controller, intercooler), and the power conversion device have different optimal operating temperature ranges. It is difficult to achieve precise temperature control of the three types of components at the same time when connected in series in a circuit. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a thermal management system for high-power hydrogen fuel cells for rail transit equipment, which has good heat dissipation regulation capabilities and can accurately control the temperature change range. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transit equipment to overcome the above technical problems.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0005] A hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transit equipment, comprising a fuel cell stack, a core air supply component, and a power conversion device, including: a cooling system, a fuel cell stack heat exchange circuit, a core air supply component heat exchange circuit, a power conversion device heat exchange circuit, a waste heat utilization system, and a control system;

[0006] The stack heat exchange circuit is connected to the stack and the cooling system respectively, so that the coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the stack flows into the cooling system through the stack heat exchange circuit for heat exchange and then flows back into the stack to cool the stack;

[0007] The heat exchange circuit of the air supply core component is connected to the air supply core component and the cooling system respectively, so that the coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the air supply core component flows into the cooling system through the heat exchange circuit of the air supply core component to exchange heat and then flows back into the air supply core component to dissipate heat from the air supply core component;

[0008] The heat exchange circuit of the power conversion device is connected to the power conversion device and the cooling system respectively, so that the coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the power conversion device flows into the cooling system through the heat exchange circuit of the power conversion device for heat exchange and then flows back into the power conversion device to dissipate heat from the power conversion device;

[0009] The control system includes a control module, a monitoring module, and a regulating module;

[0010] The stack heat exchange circuit, the air supply core component heat exchange circuit, and the power conversion device heat exchange circuit are all connected to the monitoring module; the monitoring module is connected to the control module to transmit the monitoring data of the monitoring module to the control module;

[0011] The stack heat exchange circuit, the air supply core component heat exchange circuit, and the power conversion device heat exchange circuit are all connected to the regulation module; the regulation module is connected to the control module so as to be controlled by the control module.

[0012] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transit equipment, which can provide coolant with appropriate temperature, pressure and flow to the fuel cell stack, air supply core components and power conversion device, accurately control the flow and temperature entering the fuel cell stack, and provide a fundamental guarantee for the safe and reliable operation of the fuel cell stack; the coupling of the waste heat utilization system and the conventional air-conditioning system improves the energy utilization rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a general diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transit equipment according to the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the accessory heat exchange system of the fuel cell stack heat exchange circuit in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The performance, lifespan, and safety of hydrogen fuel cells are closely related to the battery's temperature and temperature gradient. Increasing operating temperature accelerates the redox reaction rate, improving the fuel cell's output performance and overall efficiency. The high-efficiency operating point of a typical fuel cell stack is around 70°C, so maintaining the stack operating temperature between 60°C and 80°C is essential. Excessively high temperatures can dehydrate the stack's proton exchange membrane, reducing membrane conductivity, leading to reduced battery performance and even membrane damage.

[0018] In addition to the temperature control requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, when the hydrogen fuel cell is working, the air supply system provides high-temperature compressed air through the air compressor. If the temperature of the air entering the stack is too high or too low, it will affect the performance of the battery. Therefore, an intercooler is required to moderately cool the high-temperature compressed air provided by the air compressor; the air compressor runs at high speed, and in order to ensure the mechanical strength of the components, it is also necessary to promptly dissipate the heat generated by friction in the heat exchange circuit of the core components of the air supply.

[0019] Furthermore, after hydrogen fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy, they must be converted back into electricity through a power conversion device to drive motors and other electrical equipment. During this power conversion process, semiconductor power devices generate significant heat, which, to ensure safe and reliable operation, requires a heat exchange system to dissipate in a timely manner.

[0020] This embodiment provides a hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transportation equipment, such as Figure 1-2 As shown. It includes: a fuel cell stack, an air supply core component and a power conversion device, a cooling system 600, a fuel cell stack heat exchange circuit 100, an air supply core component heat exchange circuit 200, a power conversion device heat exchange circuit 300, a waste heat utilization system 400, and a control system 500;

[0021] The stack heat exchange circuit 100 is connected to the stack and the cooling system 600, respectively, so that the coolant flowing out of the stack outlet flows through the stack heat exchange circuit 100 into the cooling system 600 for heat exchange and then flows back into the stack to cool the stack;

[0022] The air supply core component heat exchange circuit 200 is connected to the air supply core component and the cooling system 600 respectively, so that the coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the air supply core component flows into the cooling system 600 through the air supply core component heat exchange circuit 200 to exchange heat and then flows back into the air supply core component to dissipate heat from the air supply core component;

[0023] The power conversion device heat exchange circuit 300 is connected to the power conversion device and the cooling system 600, respectively, so that the coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the power conversion device flows through the power conversion device heat exchange circuit 300 into the cooling system 600 for heat exchange and then flows back into the power conversion device to dissipate heat from the power conversion device;

[0024] The control system 500 includes a control module, a monitoring module, and a regulating module;

[0025] Specifically, the monitoring module in this embodiment includes a temperature monitoring module, a pressure monitoring module, a flow monitoring module, an ion concentration monitoring module, and a liquid level alarm module; the temperature monitoring module includes a first temperature sensor T1, a second temperature sensor T2, a third temperature sensor T3, a fourth temperature sensor T4, a fifth temperature sensor T5, a sixth temperature sensor T6, a seventh temperature sensor T7, an eighth temperature sensor T8, a ninth temperature sensor T9, and a tenth temperature sensor T10; the pressure monitoring module includes a first pressure sensor P1, a second pressure sensor P2, a third pressure sensor P3, a fourth pressure sensor P4, a fifth pressure sensor P5, a sixth pressure sensor P6, and a seventh pressure sensor P7; the flow monitoring module includes a coolant flowmeter V; the ion concentration monitoring module includes an ion concentration sensor D; and the liquid level alarm module includes a first liquid level alarm device, a second liquid level alarm device, and a third liquid level alarm device. Among them, the first temperature sensor T1 is used to monitor the coolant outlet temperature of the stack, the second temperature sensor T2 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the stack radiator, the third temperature sensor T3 is used to monitor the outlet temperature of the stack radiator, the fourth temperature sensor T4 is used to monitor the coolant inlet temperature of the stack, the fifth temperature sensor T5 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the air supply core component, the sixth temperature sensor T6 is used to monitor the outlet temperature of the air supply core component, the seventh temperature sensor T7 is used to monitor the inlet temperature of the power conversion device, the eighth temperature sensor T8 is used to monitor the outlet temperature of the power conversion device, and the ninth temperature sensor T9 is used to monitor the waste heat utilization exchange The tenth temperature sensor T10 is used to monitor the liquid inlet temperature of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger; the first pressure sensor P1 is used to detect the coolant outlet pressure of the fuel cell stack, the second pressure sensor P2 is used to monitor the outlet pressure of the first water pump B1, the third pressure sensor P3 is used to monitor the coolant inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack, the fourth pressure sensor P4 is used to monitor the coolant inlet pressure of the air supply core component, the fifth pressure sensor P5 is used to monitor the coolant outlet pressure of the air supply core component, the sixth pressure sensor P6 is used to monitor the coolant inlet pressure of the power conversion device, and the seventh pressure sensor P7 is used to monitor the coolant outlet pressure of the power conversion device.

[0026] The regulating module includes a first electric three-way valve F1, a second electric three-way valve F2, a third electric three-way valve F3, a first electric two-way valve F21 and a flow regulating valve L;

[0027] The stack heat exchange circuit 100, the air supply core component heat exchange circuit 200, and the power conversion device heat exchange circuit 300 are all connected to the monitoring module; the monitoring module is connected to the control module to transmit the monitoring data of the monitoring module to the control module;

[0028] The stack heat exchange circuit 100, the air supply core component heat exchange circuit 200, and the power conversion device heat exchange circuit 300 are all connected to the regulation module; the regulation module is connected to the control module so as to be controlled by the control module.

[0029] The cooling system 600 includes a stack radiator, a power conversion device radiator, and a radiator for core components of the air supply system, and the stack radiator, the power conversion device radiator, and the radiator for core components of the air supply system are integrated into one;

[0030] The stack radiator is connected to the stack heat exchange circuit 100, so as to cool the stack through the stack radiator.

[0031] The power conversion device radiator is connected to the power conversion device heat exchange circuit 300, so as to achieve cooling of the power conversion device through the power conversion device radiator;

[0032] The core component radiator of the air supply system is connected to the core component heat exchange circuit 200 of the air supply system, so as to cool the core component of the air supply system through the core component radiator of the air supply system.

[0033] Specifically, the fuel cell stack in this embodiment is a hydrogen fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack heat exchange circuit 100, the air supply core component heat exchange circuit 200, and the power conversion device heat exchange circuit 300 share a cooling system, and the cooling system includes a fuel cell stack cooling circuit of the fuel cell stack heat exchange circuit, an air supply system core component cooling circuit of the air supply core component heat exchange circuit, and a power conversion device cooling circuit of the power conversion device heat exchange circuit, wherein the three cooling circuits share a radiator core, and the three cooling circuits are connected to the radiator core through a water chamber of the cooling system, forming a fuel cell stack radiator, a power conversion device radiator, and an air supply system core component radiator, respectively;

[0034] Specifically, in one embodiment of the invention, the cooling air channel of the power conversion device radiator is connected in series with the cooling air channel of the air supply core component radiator. The cooling air from the environment flows through the core body belonging to the power conversion device radiator part, and then flows through the core body belonging to the air supply core component radiator part. The cooling air channel of the stack radiator is connected in parallel with the cooling air channel of the power conversion device radiator and the air supply core component radiator connected in series.

[0035] Preferably, the stack heat exchange circuit 100 includes a first pipeline system 101, a second pipeline system 102, a third pipeline system 104, a fourth pipeline system 105; a first expansion water tank;

[0036] The first pipe system 101 is the liquid outlet pipe of the fuel cell stack and is arranged between the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack and the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack radiator. The first pipe system 101 is provided with a first water pump B1;

[0037] The first piping system 101 is connected to the monitoring module to obtain first monitoring data through the monitoring module, wherein the first monitoring data includes monitoring the coolant outlet temperature of the stack, the coolant outlet pressure of the stack, the outlet pressure of the first water pump B1, and the inlet temperature of the stack radiator;

[0038] The first piping system 101 is further connected to the regulating module to regulate the coolant flow in the stack heat exchange loop 100 according to the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data;

[0039] Specifically, the first piping system 101 is arranged between the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack and the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack radiator, and the first pressure sensor P1, the first temperature sensor T1, the first water pump B1, the second pressure sensor P2, the first electric three-way valve F1, the second electric three-way valve F2, and the second temperature sensor T2 are arranged in sequence along the direction from the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack to the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack radiator;

[0040] The second piping system 102 is disposed between the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack and the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack radiator, and a first Y-type filter Y1 is provided on the second piping system 102; and the second piping system 102 is connected to the monitoring module to obtain second monitoring data through the monitoring module, the second monitoring data including the liquid outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack radiator, the coolant inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack, the coolant inlet temperature of the fuel cell stack, the flow rate of the coolant entering the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the ion concentration in the coolant entering the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack;

[0041] Specifically, in this embodiment, the second pipeline system, i.e., the liquid inlet pipeline of the fuel cell stack, is arranged between the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack and the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack radiator, and the third temperature sensor T3, the first Y-type filter Y1, the coolant flow meter V, the third pressure sensor P3, the fourth temperature sensor T4, and the ion concentration sensor are arranged in sequence along the direction from the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack radiator to the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack;

[0042] One end of the third piping system 104 is connected to the liquid inlet of the first water pump B1, and the other end is connected to the first expansion water tank. The third piping system 104 is provided with an ion filter device. The third piping system 104 is connected to the regulating module so that the flow rate of the coolant in the third piping system 104 can be adjusted by the control module.

[0043] Specifically, one end of the third piping system 104 is connected to the liquid inlet of the first water pump B1, and the other end is connected to the first expansion water tank, and the flow regulating valve L and the ion filtering device are sequentially arranged along the direction from the liquid inlet of the first water pump B1 to the first expansion water tank;

[0044] One end of the fourth piping system 105 is connected to the first expansion water tank, and the other end is connected to the stack radiator;

[0045] The first expansion water tank is provided with a first liquid level alarm device.

[0046] The stack heat exchange loop 100 further includes a fifth pipeline system 108 ; one end of the fifth pipeline system 108 is connected to the first pipeline system 101 , and the other end is connected to the second pipeline system 102 ; a heating device is provided on the fifth pipeline system 108 .

[0047] Specifically, one end of the fifth pipeline system 108 is connected to the second electric three-way valve F2 provided on the second pipeline system 102, and the other end is connected to the liquid inlet of the first Y-type filter Y1 provided on the first pipeline system 101;

[0048] Specifically, in this embodiment, a first exhaust valve Q1 is provided at the top of the first expansion water tank, and a liquid level switch YW1 is provided at the bottom. The fourth piping system, capable of simultaneously circulating ions and exhausting gas through the first expansion water tank, is connected to the highest point of the first expansion water tank. The first piping system 101, the stack radiator, the second piping system 102, and the stack constitute the main circuit of the stack heat exchange circuit 100. The third piping system 104, the first water pump B1, the second pressure sensor P2, the first electric three-way valve F1, the second electric three-way valve F2, the second temperature sensor T2, the stack radiator, the fourth piping system 105, and the various pipe sections that complete the sealing of the various components, collectively constitute the shared circuit for the stack heat exchange circuit 100 and the ion filtration.

[0049] Preferably, the air supply core component heat exchange circuit 200 includes a sixth pipeline system 201, i.e., a coolant inlet pipeline of the air supply core component, a seventh pipeline system 202, i.e., a coolant outlet pipeline of the air supply core component, a second expansion water tank, an eighth pipeline system 204, and a ninth pipeline system 205;

[0050] The core components of the air supply include an intercooler, an air compressor controller, and an air compressor; one end of the air compressor controller is connected to the air compressor, and the other end is connected to the intercooler; the other end of the air compressor is connected to the other end of the intercooler;

[0051] The sixth piping system 201 is arranged between the liquid outlet of the radiator of the core component of the air supply system and the liquid inlet of the core component of the air supply system, and a second Y-type filter Y2 is provided on the sixth piping system 201; the sixth piping system 201 is connected to the monitoring module to obtain sixth monitoring data through the monitoring module, and the sixth monitoring data includes the liquid inlet temperature of the cold air supply core component and the liquid inlet pressure of the cold air supply core component; the sixth piping system 201 is also connected to the regulating module to regulate the flow rate of the coolant in the heat exchange circuit 200 of the core component of the air supply according to the sixth monitoring data and the seventh monitoring data;

[0052] Specifically, the sixth piping system 201 is arranged between the liquid outlet of the radiator of the core component of the air supply system and the liquid inlet of the core component of the air supply, and the second Y-type filter Y2, the fourth pressure sensor P4, the fifth temperature sensor T5 and the third electric three-way valve F3 are arranged in sequence along the liquid outlet of the radiator of the core component of the air supply system to the liquid inlet of the core component of the air supply;

[0053] The seventh piping system 202 is provided between the liquid outlet of the core air supply component and the liquid inlet of the radiator of the core air supply component. The seventh piping system 202 is provided with a second water pump B2. The seventh piping system 202 is connected to the monitoring module to obtain seventh monitoring data through the monitoring module. The seventh monitoring data includes the liquid outlet pressure and the liquid outlet temperature of the core air supply component.

[0054] Specifically, the seventh piping system 202 is between the liquid outlet of the core component of the air supply and the liquid inlet of the radiator of the core component of the air supply system, and the fifth pressure sensor P5, the sixth temperature sensor T6, and the second water pump B2 are sequentially arranged along the liquid outlet of the core component of the air supply to the liquid inlet of the radiator of the core component of the air supply system;

[0055] One end of the eighth pipe system 204 is connected to the liquid inlet of the second water pump B2, and the other end is connected to the second expansion water tank;

[0056] One end of the ninth pipe system 205 is connected to the second expansion water tank, and the other end is connected to the radiator, a core component of the air supply system;

[0057] The second expansion water tank is provided with a second liquid level alarm device.

[0058] Specifically, in this embodiment, the air compressor and air compressor controller are connected in series and in parallel with the intercooler. A second exhaust valve Q2 is installed at the top of the second expansion tank, and a liquid level switch YW2 is installed at the bottom, for replenishing fluid into the seventh piping system. The ninth piping system is connected to the highest point of the radiator, a core component of the air supply system, and exhausts air through the second expansion tank. The three ports of the third electric three-way valve F3 are connected to the sixth piping system, the air compressor controller, and the intercooler, respectively.

[0059] Preferably, the power conversion device heat exchange circuit 300 includes a tenth pipeline system 301, an eleventh pipeline system 302, a twelfth pipeline system 303, a thirteenth pipeline system 304, and a third expansion water tank;

[0060] The eleventh piping system 302 is disposed between the liquid outlet of the power conversion device and the liquid inlet of the radiator of the power conversion device. The eleventh piping system 302 is provided with a third water pump B3. The eleventh piping system 302 is connected to the monitoring module to obtain eleventh monitoring data through the monitoring module. The eleventh monitoring data includes the liquid outlet temperature and the liquid outlet pressure of the power conversion device.

[0061] Specifically, the eleventh piping system 302 is provided between the liquid outlet of the power conversion device and the liquid inlet of the radiator of the power conversion device, and the seventh pressure sensor P7, the eighth temperature sensor T8, and the third water pump B3 are sequentially provided along the direction from the liquid outlet of the power conversion device to the liquid inlet of the radiator of the power conversion device;

[0062] The tenth pipeline system 301 is provided between the liquid inlet of the power conversion device and the liquid outlet of the radiator of the power conversion device, and a third Y-type filter Y3 is provided on the tenth pipeline system 301;

[0063] The tenth pipeline system 301 is connected to the monitoring module to obtain tenth monitoring data through the monitoring module, wherein the tenth monitoring data includes the liquid inlet pressure and the liquid inlet temperature of the power conversion device;

[0064] Specifically, the tenth piping system 301 is provided between the liquid inlet of the power conversion device and the liquid outlet of the radiator of the power conversion device, and the third Y-type filter Y3, the sixth pressure sensor P6, and the seventh temperature sensor T7 are provided in sequence along the direction from the liquid outlet of the radiator of the power conversion device to the liquid inlet of the power conversion device;

[0065] The control system controls the coolant flow in the heat exchange circuit 300 of the power conversion device according to the tenth monitoring data and the eleventh monitoring data;

[0066] One end of the twelfth pipeline system 303 is connected to the liquid inlet of the third water pump B3, and the other end is connected to the third expansion water tank;

[0067] One end of the thirteenth pipe system 304 is connected to the third expansion water tank; the other end is connected to the radiator of the power conversion device;

[0068] The third expansion water tank is provided with a third liquid level alarm device.

[0069] Specifically, the third expansion water tank in this embodiment is provided with a third exhaust valve Q3 on the top and a liquid level switch YW3 on the bottom, which are used to replenish liquid into the eleventh pipeline system; the thirteenth pipeline system is connected to the highest point of the radiator of the power conversion device and is exhausted through the third expansion water tank.

[0070] Preferably, the hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system in this embodiment further includes a waste heat utilization system 400; the waste heat utilization system 400 is connected to the air conditioning system and the fuel cell stack heat exchange circuit 100 respectively; so that the waste heat utilization system 400 assists the air conditioning system in heating the environment;

[0071] Specifically, the waste heat utilization system 400 includes a fourteenth pipeline system 140, a waste heat utilization heat exchanger, and a fifteenth pipeline system 150;

[0072] One end of the fourteenth pipeline system 140 is connected to the first pipeline system 101, and the other end is connected to the liquid inlet of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger; and the fourteenth pipeline system 140 is connected to the monitoring module to obtain fourteenth monitoring data through the monitoring module, and the fourteenth monitoring data includes the liquid inlet temperature of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger;

[0073] Specifically, one end of the fourteenth pipeline system 140 is connected to the first electric three-way valve F1 provided on the first pipeline system 101, and the other end is connected to the liquid inlet of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger; a ninth temperature sensor T9 is provided at the liquid inlet of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger;

[0074] One end of the fifteenth pipeline system 150 is connected to the liquid outlet of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger, and the other end is connected to the second pipeline system 102, and the fifteenth pipeline system 150 is connected to the monitoring module to obtain fifteenth monitoring data through the monitoring module, and the fifteenth monitoring data includes the liquid outlet temperature of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger;

[0075] The fifteenth pipeline system 150 is also connected to the regulating module to regulate the coolant flow in the waste heat utilization system 400 according to the fourteenth monitoring data and the fifteenth monitoring data.

[0076] One end of the fifteenth pipeline system 150 is connected to the liquid outlet of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger, and the other end is connected to the liquid inlet of the first Y-type filter Y1 arranged on the second pipeline system 102, and the tenth temperature sensor T10 and the first electric two-way valve F21 are arranged in sequence from the liquid outlet of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger to the liquid inlet of the first Y-type filter Y1.

[0077] Specifically, the waste heat utilization heat exchanger in this embodiment is further provided with a first drain pipe PY at the bottom thereof, which is provided with a shut-off valve JZ. The waste heat utilization heat exchanger is a commonly used heat exchange device in the field, and comprises an air heating channel formed by an air mixing box, a fan 4, and the waste heat utilization heat exchanger.

[0078] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first expansion water tank, the second expansion water tank and the third expansion water tank are all provided with pressure regulating valves.

[0079] Specifically, in another embodiment of the present invention, when the coolant temperature design requirements of the air compressor controller or the air compressor, the intercooler and the liquid inlet of the power conversion device are the same, the air supply core component and the power conversion device are set in parallel, and the heat exchange circuit of the air supply core component and the heat exchange circuit of the power conversion device are combined into an auxiliary heat exchange system, and at this time, the radiator of the air supply core component and the radiator of the power conversion device are combined to form an auxiliary radiator, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 shown.

[0080] Specifically, the stack radiator, power conversion device radiator, and air supply system radiator in this embodiment are all conventional radiators in the field and are therefore not described in detail here. The power conversion device, intercooler, and air compressor in this embodiment are all commonly used products in the field and do not constitute the technical points of this invention. They are only used to implement the thermal management system functions of this invention and are therefore not described in detail here.

[0081] The control system in this embodiment further includes a power supply and protection module; the power supply and protection module includes at least a circuit breaker and a thermal relay.

[0082] Specifically, the monitoring module in this embodiment also includes an eleventh temperature monitoring module Ta1 for monitoring the ambient cold air temperature, a twelfth temperature monitoring module Ta2 for monitoring the ambient cold air temperature of the waste heat utilization system, a thirteenth temperature monitoring module Ta3 for monitoring the cold air temperature from the passenger compartment of the waste heat utilization system, and a fourteenth temperature monitoring module Ta4 for monitoring the hot air temperature going to the passenger compartment of the waste heat utilization system.

[0083] The flow monitoring module includes a coolant flow meter V;

[0084] The ion concentration monitoring module includes an ion concentration sensor D;

[0085] In this embodiment, the regulating module further includes a frequency converter 1 for regulating the speed of the first water pump B1 of the stack heat exchange circuit, a frequency converter 2 for regulating the speed of the cooling system fan, and a frequency converter 3 for regulating the speed of the waste heat utilization system fan.

[0086] The control module includes a power supply board, a communication board, a digital input board, an analog input board, a digital output board, and an analog output board; these boards are all integrated into the control module. Specifically, the control module in this embodiment utilizes existing technology and is only used to implement the functions of this embodiment, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0087] The components in this embodiment are increased or decreased according to the specific design requirements of the thermal management system.

[0088] This embodiment also discloses a thermal management method for a hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transit equipment, namely, a control strategy of the control module, including:

[0089] S1: If the temperature of the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack and the temperature of the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack are lower than the first temperature threshold TS1, the coolant enters the fifth pipeline system through the first pipeline system, the heating device in the fifth pipeline system is turned on to heat the coolant, and then enters the fuel cell stack through the second pipeline system; until the temperature of the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack and the temperature of the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack are higher than the second temperature threshold TS2, the fuel cell stack is started, and the core air supply components and the power conversion device are started at the same time; this can prevent the fuel cell stack from being damaged by repeated opening and closing states when the temperature is unstable.

[0090] If the temperature of the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack and the temperature of the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack are greater than the first temperature threshold TS1, the fuel cell stack is started, and the air supply core component and the power conversion device are also started;

[0091] S2: The coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack flows through the first pipe system and enters the fuel cell stack radiator through the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack radiator; then flows out through the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack radiator, flows through the second pipe system, and enters the fuel cell stack through the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack to continue the circulation;

[0092] At the same time, the coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the air supply core component flows through the seventh pipe system, enters the air supply core component radiator through the liquid inlet of the air supply core component radiator; then flows out through the liquid outlet of the air supply core component radiator, flows through the sixth pipe system, enters the air supply core component through the liquid inlet of the air supply core component to continue the cycle;

[0093] The coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the power conversion device flows through the eleventh piping system and enters the power conversion device radiator through the liquid inlet of the power conversion device radiator; then flows out through the liquid outlet of the power conversion device radiator, flows through the tenth piping system, and enters the power conversion device through the liquid inlet of the power conversion device to continue the circulation;

[0094] S3: The monitoring module obtains monitoring data and transmits it to the control module;

[0095] S4: Based on the monitoring data, the control module controls the regulating module to control the hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system.

[0096] Before step S3, the method also includes: if the temperature of the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack is higher than the ambient temperature, starting the waste heat utilization heat exchange system, and the coolant enters the waste heat utilization heat exchange system through the fourteenth pipeline system. After the auxiliary air-conditioning system heats the environment, the coolant enters the second pipeline system through the fifteenth pipeline system, and enters the fuel cell stack through the liquid inlet to continue circulation.

[0097] Specifically, the working principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0098] Before starting the hydrogen fuel cell, the coolant temperature at the inlet and outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is monitored. If the coolant temperature at the inlet and outlet of the stack is lower than the set temperature Ts1, for example, Ts1 = coolant freezing point + 5°C, the stack will not operate and will need to be warmed up before it can be started. At this time, the first electric three-way valve F1 in the first piping system, leading to the waste heat utilization system, is closed, and the valve leading to the stack radiator is opened; the first electric two-way valve F21 in the fifteenth piping system is closed; the second electric three-way valve F2 in the first piping system, leading to the heater in the fifth piping system, is opened, and the valve leading to the stack radiator is closed; the flow control valve L in the third piping system is opened; and the heater is energized and operating. The first water pump B1 in the first piping system operates according to the control module's instructions. Under the action of the first water pump B1, coolant flows from the fuel cell stack, passes through the second electric three-way valve F2, and enters the fifth piping system. After being heated by the electric heater, the coolant enters the second piping system. The coolant is then divided into two paths. One path, with the majority of the coolant filtered by the first Y-type filter Y1, enters the fuel cell stack, and then circulates through the first piping system. The other path, with a smaller portion of the coolant, flows "backward" along the second piping system, enters the fuel cell radiator, and then along the fourth piping system to the first expansion tank. The second path then enters the third piping system, where it is filtered by the ion filter device before recirculating through the inlet of the first water pump B1. The coolant flow distribution between the fuel cell stack and the stack radiator can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the flow control valve L in the third piping system. This design ensures that any air in the coolant circuit is promptly discharged to the first expansion tank during the cold start heating phase of the fuel cell stack, and that coolant ions are filtered as needed.

[0099] The coolant heater works continuously. When the coolant temperature at the outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell stack is higher than a set value Ts2, the hydrogen fuel cell stack starts, and the hydrogen fuel cell and its supporting systems and components work according to the control instructions of the hydrogen fuel cell system. At this time, there are two situations:

[0100] 1. If it is not the winter heating season, the waste heat utilization system will not operate. The first electric three-way valve F1 in the first piping system, which leads to the waste heat utilization system, will be closed, and the valve leading to the stack radiator will be opened. The first electric two-way valve F21 in the fifteenth piping system will be closed. The second electric three-way valve F2 in the first piping system, which leads to the heater in the fifth piping system, will be closed, and the valve leading to the stack radiator will be opened. The flow control valve L in the third piping system will be opened. The electric heater will be powered off and will not operate. The first water pump B1 in the first piping system and the cooling device fan unit (including fans 1, 2, and 3) will operate according to the instructions of the control module. Under the action of the first water pump B1, coolant flows out of the stack, enters the stack radiator through the first piping system, and after heat exchange with the cooling air in the stack radiator, the coolant enters the second piping system from the stack radiator outlet. After being filtered by the first Y-type filter Y1, it enters the stack, cools the stack, and then flows back into the first piping system for circulation. Another small amount of coolant flows from the stack radiator along the fourth piping system into the first expansion tank, then into the third piping system, is filtered by the ion filtration device, and then enters the inlet of the first water pump B1 for circulation. By adjusting the opening of the flow control valve L in the third piping system, the flow of coolant entering the common circuit of the stack heat exchange circuit expansion and ion filtration can be adjusted.

[0101] At the same time, the core air supply component, the air compressor, its controller, and the intercooler are operating. The electric three-way valve in the sixth piping system at the front end of the air compressor controller and the intercooler opens according to the designed opening ratio, and the second water pump B2 in the seventh piping system operates according to the instructions of the control module. Under the action of the second water pump B2, the coolant entering the sixth piping system from the radiator outlet of the core air supply component is filtered by the second Y-type filter Y2 and flows to the third electric three-way valve F3. According to the designed ratio, a portion of the coolant flows to the air compressor controller and air compressor, and the remaining portion flows to the intercooler. After cooling the air compressor controller, air compressor and intercooler, the coolant converges in the main outlet pipeline of the air compressor and intercooler, enters the air supply core component radiator through the seventh pipeline system, and after heat exchange with the cooling air in the air supply core component radiator, the coolant enters the sixth pipeline system again from the air supply core component radiator outlet for circulation; another small amount of coolant enters the second expansion water tank along the ninth system from the air supply core component radiator and then enters the eighth pipeline system before entering the second water pump B2 inlet for circulation again.

[0102] At the same time, the power conversion device operates. The third water pump B3 in the eleventh piping system operates according to the instructions of the control module. Under the action of the third water pump B3, the coolant enters the first piping system from the outlet of the power conversion device radiator, is filtered by the third Y-type filter Y3, and then flows to the power conversion device. After cooling the power conversion device, the coolant enters the power conversion device radiator through the eleventh piping system. After heat exchange with the cooling air in the power conversion device radiator, the coolant enters the tenth piping system from the outlet of the power conversion device radiator for circulation. Another small amount of coolant flows from the power conversion device radiator along the first and third piping systems into the third expansion water tank, then enters the twelfth piping system and then enters the liquid inlet of the third water pump B3 for circulation.

[0103] At the same time, the fan group of the cooling device operates according to the instructions of the control module, and adjusts the fan group frequency according to the level preset in the design calculation based on the heat dissipation requirements under different altitudes, ambient temperatures, and fuel cell operating conditions. At the same time, the frequency of the first water pump B1 is adjusted as needed to ensure that the stack coolant inlet temperature, inlet and outlet temperature difference, inlet pressure, inlet flow rate and inlet ion concentration are within the set range.

[0104] 2. If it is the winter heating season, the operating process of the heat exchange circuit of the air supply core component and the heat exchange circuit of the power conversion device is the same as that of the non-winter heating season, but the operating process of the heat exchange circuit of the fuel cell stack and the waste heat utilization system is as follows:

[0105] The second electric three-way valve F2 in the first piping system, which leads to the heater in the fifth piping system, is closed, while the valve leading to the stack radiator is open. The electric heater is de-energized and inoperative. The first electric two-way valve F21 in the fifteenth piping system is open. The first electric three-way valve F1 in the first piping system is opened at a set ratio, opening the passage to the stack radiator and the passage to the waste heat utilization system. The flow control valve L in the third piping system is opened. The first water pump B1 in the first piping system and the cooling device fan unit operate according to the instructions of the control module. Under the action of the first water pump B1, coolant flows out of the fuel cell stack. After being distributed through the first electric three-way valve F1 in the first piping system, a portion enters the fuel cell stack radiator. After heat exchange with cooling air in the fuel cell stack radiator, the coolant enters the second piping system from the fuel cell stack radiator outlet. Another portion of the coolant flows along the fourteenth piping system to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger. After heat exchange with cooling air in the waste heat recovery heat exchanger, it flows from the fifteenth piping system to the inlet section of the first Y-type filter Y1 in the second piping system, where it merges with the coolant flowing out of the fuel cell stack radiator. After being filtered by the first Y-type filter Y1, it enters the fuel cell stack, cools the fuel cell stack, and then flows back into the first piping system for circulation. At the same time, a small portion of the coolant flows from the fuel cell stack radiator through the fourth piping system to the first expansion water tank, then enters the third piping system, is filtered by the ion filter device, and then enters the inlet of the first water pump B1 for circulation. By adjusting the opening of the flow control valve L in the third pipeline system, the flow of coolant entering the expansion circuit of the stack heat exchange circuit and the ion filtration common circuit is regulated.

[0106] The operation of the cooling device fan unit and the first water pump B1 is adjusted according to the instructions of the control module. Specifically, the control system and the monitoring modules included in this embodiment are various pressure and temperature sensors. The control module is a prior art that can achieve the functions of this embodiment and is not described here in detail.

[0107] The waste heat recovery heat exchanger is located at the front end of the air inlet of the conventional air conditioning system evaporator and is connected in series with the evaporator's air duct. When cool air from the environment and cool air from the passenger compartment are mixed in a mixing box and then enter the air side of the waste heat recovery heat exchanger core, the air temperature rises after heat exchange with the coolant inside the heat exchanger. Driven by fan 4, the air enters the passenger compartment along the air conditioning inlet duct. This waste heat recovery system simply adds a heat exchanger before the evaporator. Without changing the conventional air conditioning system configuration, it fully utilizes the heat generated by the fuel cell stack to provide hot air to the passenger compartment, thereby improving energy efficiency.

[0108] At the same time, the thermal management system of this embodiment integrates a waste heat utilization system. By coupling the thermal management system with the air-conditioning system for winter heating, the waste heat of the fuel cell is fully utilized, the heat load of the thermal management system is reduced, and the efficiency of the entire fuel cell system is improved.

[0109] The monitoring modules of the technical solution of this embodiment monitor the operating status data of the thermal management system, such as temperature, pressure, flow, ion concentration, etc., which are the basis for the control module and the adjustment module to make judgments and adjustments.

[0110] This embodiment solves the problem of the fuel cell stack's very stringent requirements for coolant conductivity, requiring all coolant-contacting components within the heat exchange circuit to be made of low-ion-leaking materials, thereby reducing costs. Furthermore, by providing separate heat exchange circuits for the fuel cell stack, the core components of the air supply system (including the air compressor and its controller, and the intercooler), and the power conversion device, the temperature of each component can be precisely controlled simultaneously within its optimal operating temperature range. This provides excellent heat dissipation regulation and precise control of the temperature range.

[0111] Moreover, the thermal management system in this embodiment, which can be applied to rail transit hydrogen fuel cell trams and shunting locomotives, can fully manage the heat of the hydrogen fuel cell, and use the waste heat of the battery stack to assist the air-conditioning system in heating the environment, so that energy can be fully utilized.

[0112] The main benefits of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0113] The hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transit equipment provided by this invention integrates various components related to heat generation and transfer into an effective hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system from a system integration and overall perspective, controlling the heat transfer process and rationally utilizing waste heat from the fuel cell stack. The thermal management system provides coolant with appropriate temperature, pressure, and flow rate to the fuel cell stack, the core air supply component, and the power conversion device, providing a fundamental guarantee for the safe and reliable operation of the fuel cell stack, the core air supply component, and the power conversion device.

[0114] The ion filtering device arranged in the third pipeline system can continuously filter the ions in the coolant of the heat exchange circuit of the fuel cell stack regardless of whether the fuel cell stack is in a shutdown heating state or in an operating state, and will not cause shutdown due to excessive ion concentration, thereby improving the efficiency and safety of the fuel cell stack operation.

[0115] The flow meter V provided in the second piping system monitors the actual coolant flow entering the fuel cell stack, laying the foundation for precise control of flow and temperature.

[0116] The thermal management system integrates a waste heat utilization system. By coupling the waste heat utilization system with the winter heating of a conventional air-conditioning system, full utilization of the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell is achieved, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency. At the same time, the heat dissipation load of the cooling device is reduced, which can reduce the demand for fan air supply volume, reduce the fan power consumption, and improve the efficiency of the fuel cell system.

[0117] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transit equipment, comprising a fuel cell stack, an air supply core component, and a power conversion device, characterized in that: include: A cooling system (600), a stack heat exchange circuit (100), an air supply core component heat exchange circuit (200), a power conversion device heat exchange circuit (300), a waste heat utilization system (400), and a control system (500); The control system (500) includes a control module, a monitoring module, and a regulating module; The stack heat exchange circuit (100), the air supply core component heat exchange circuit (200), and the power conversion device heat exchange circuit (300) are all connected to the monitoring module; the monitoring module is connected to the control module to transmit the monitoring data of the monitoring module to the control module; The stack heat exchange circuit (100), the air supply core component heat exchange circuit (200), and the power conversion device heat exchange circuit (300) are all connected to the regulating module; the regulating module is connected to the control module so as to control the regulating module through the control module; The stack heat exchange circuit (100) comprises a first pipeline system (101), a second pipeline system (102), a third pipeline system (104), a fourth pipeline system (105), and a first expansion water tank; The second pipeline system (102) is arranged between the liquid inlet of the battery stack and the liquid outlet of the battery stack radiator, and a first Y-type filter Y1 is provided on the second pipeline system (102); and the second pipeline system (102) is connected to the monitoring module to obtain second monitoring data through the monitoring module, the second monitoring data including the liquid outlet temperature of the battery stack radiator, the coolant inlet pressure of the battery stack, the coolant inlet temperature of the battery stack, the flow rate of the coolant entering the liquid inlet of the battery stack, and the ion concentration in the coolant entering the liquid inlet of the battery stack; The first pipeline system (101) is arranged between the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack and the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack radiator, and a first water pump B1 is arranged on the first pipeline system (101); The first pipeline system (101) is connected to the monitoring module to obtain first monitoring data through the monitoring module, the first monitoring data including the coolant outlet temperature of the stack, the coolant outlet pressure of the stack, the outlet pressure of the first water pump B1, and the inlet temperature of the stack radiator; The first pipeline system (101) is also connected to the regulating module to regulate the coolant flow in the stack heat exchange circuit (100) according to the first monitoring data and the second monitoring data; One end of the third pipeline system (104) is connected to the liquid inlet of the first water pump B1, and the other end is connected to the first expansion water tank, and an ion filtering device is provided on the third pipeline system (104). The third pipeline system (104) is connected to the regulating module to control the flow rate of the coolant in the third pipeline system (104) through the control module; One end of the fourth pipeline system (105) is connected to the first expansion water tank, and the other end is connected to the stack radiator.

2. A hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transportation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stack heat exchange circuit (100) is connected to the stack and the cooling system (600) respectively, so that the coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the stack flows through the stack heat exchange circuit (100) into the cooling system (600) for heat exchange and then flows back into the stack to cool the stack; The air supply core component heat exchange circuit (200) is connected to the air supply core component and the cooling system (600) respectively, so that the coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the air supply core component flows into the cooling system (600) through the air supply core component heat exchange circuit (200) to exchange heat and then flows back into the air supply core component, thereby cooling the air supply core component; The power conversion device heat exchange circuit (300) is connected to the power conversion device and the cooling system (600) respectively, so that the cooling liquid flowing out of the liquid outlet of the power conversion device flows into the cooling system (600) through the power conversion device heat exchange circuit (300) to exchange heat, and then flows back into the power conversion device, thereby cooling the power conversion device.

3. A hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transportation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling system (600) comprises a stack radiator, a power conversion device radiator and a core component radiator of an air supply system, and the stack radiator, the power conversion device radiator and the core component radiator of the air supply system are integrated into one; The stack radiator is connected to the stack heat exchange circuit (100), so as to cool the stack via the stack radiator; The power conversion device radiator is connected to the power conversion device heat exchange circuit (300), so as to achieve cooling of the power conversion device through the power conversion device radiator; The air supply system core component radiator is connected to the air supply system core component heat exchange circuit (200), so as to achieve cooling of the air supply system core component through the air supply system core component radiator.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transportation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stack heat exchange loop (100) further includes a fifth pipeline system (108); one end of the fifth pipeline system (108) is connected to the first pipeline system (101), and the other end is connected to the second pipeline system (102); and a heating device is provided on the fifth pipeline system (108).

5. The hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transportation equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air supply core component heat exchange circuit (200) comprises a sixth pipeline system (201), a seventh pipeline system (202), a second expansion water tank, an eighth pipeline system (204), and a ninth pipeline system (205); The core components of the air supply include an intercooler, an air compressor controller, and an air compressor; one end of the air compressor controller is connected to the air compressor, and the other end is connected to the intercooler; the other end of the air compressor is connected to the other end of the intercooler; The sixth pipeline system (201) is arranged between the liquid outlet of the radiator, a core component of the air supply system, and the liquid inlet of the core component of the air supply system, and a second Y-type filter Y2 is arranged on the sixth pipeline system (201); The seventh pipeline system (202) is arranged between the liquid outlet of the core component of the air supply and the liquid inlet of the radiator of the core component of the air supply system, and a second water pump B2 is arranged on the seventh pipeline system (202); and the seventh pipeline system (202) is connected to the monitoring module to obtain seventh monitoring data through the monitoring module, and the seventh monitoring data includes the liquid outlet pressure and the liquid outlet temperature of the core component of the air supply; The sixth pipeline system (201) is connected to the monitoring module to obtain sixth monitoring data through the monitoring module, wherein the sixth monitoring data includes the liquid inlet temperature of the cold air supply core component and the liquid inlet pressure of the cold air supply core component; The sixth pipeline system (201) is also connected to the regulating module to regulate the flow rate of the coolant in the heat exchange circuit (200) of the air supply core component according to the sixth monitoring data and the seventh monitoring data; One end of the eighth pipe system (204) is connected to the liquid inlet of the second water pump B2, and the other end is connected to the second expansion water tank; One end of the ninth pipeline system (205) is connected to the second expansion water tank, and the other end is connected to the radiator, a core component of the air supply system.

6. The hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transportation equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The power conversion device heat exchange circuit (300) comprises a tenth pipeline system (301), an eleventh pipeline system (302), a twelfth pipeline system (303), a thirteenth pipeline system (304), and a third expansion water tank; The eleventh pipeline system (302) is provided between the liquid outlet of the power conversion device and the liquid inlet of the radiator of the power conversion device, and a third water pump B3 is provided on the eleventh pipeline system (302); and the eleventh pipeline system (302) is connected to the monitoring module to obtain eleventh monitoring data through the monitoring module, the eleventh monitoring data including the liquid outlet temperature and the liquid outlet pressure of the power conversion device; The tenth pipeline system (301) is provided between the liquid inlet of the power conversion device and the liquid outlet of the radiator of the power conversion device, and a third Y-type filter Y3 is provided on the tenth pipeline system (301); The tenth pipeline system (301) is connected to the monitoring module to obtain tenth monitoring data through the monitoring module, wherein the tenth monitoring data includes the liquid inlet pressure and the liquid inlet temperature of the power conversion device; The control system controls the coolant flow in the heat exchange circuit (300) of the power conversion device according to the tenth monitoring data and the eleventh monitoring data; One end of the twelfth pipeline system (303) is connected to the liquid inlet of the third water pump B3, and the other end is connected to the third expansion water tank; One end of the thirteenth pipeline system (304) is connected to the third expansion water tank; the other end is connected to the radiator of the power conversion device.

7. The hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transportation equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also included is a waste heat utilization system (400); The waste heat utilization system (400) is connected to the air conditioning system and the stack heat exchange circuit (100) respectively, so as to achieve heating of the environment by assisting the air conditioning system through the waste heat utilization system (400); The waste heat utilization system (400) includes a fourteenth pipeline system (140), a waste heat utilization heat exchanger, and a fifteenth pipeline system (150); One end of the fourteenth pipeline system (140) is connected to the first pipeline system (101), and the other end is connected to the liquid inlet of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger; and the fourteenth pipeline system (140) is connected to the monitoring module to obtain fourteenth monitoring data through the monitoring module, and the fourteenth monitoring data includes the liquid inlet temperature of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger; One end of the fifteenth pipeline system (150) is connected to the liquid outlet of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger, and the other end is connected to the second pipeline system (102), and the fifteenth pipeline system (150) is connected to the monitoring module to obtain fifteenth monitoring data through the monitoring module, and the fifteenth monitoring data includes the liquid outlet temperature of the waste heat utilization heat exchanger; The fifteenth pipeline system (150) is also connected to the regulating module to regulate the coolant flow in the waste heat utilization system (400) through the fourteenth monitoring data and the fifteenth monitoring data.

8. The thermal management method of a hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transportation equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: If the temperature of the liquid inlet and the temperature of the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack are lower than the first temperature threshold TS1, the coolant enters the fifth pipeline system through the first pipeline system. The heater in the fifth pipeline system is turned on to heat the coolant, and then the coolant enters the fuel cell stack through the second pipeline system. When the temperature of the liquid inlet and the temperature of the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack are higher than the second temperature threshold TS2, the fuel cell stack is started, and the core air supply components and the power conversion device are also started. If the temperature of the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack and the temperature of the liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack are greater than the first temperature threshold TS1, the fuel cell stack is started, and the air supply core component and the power conversion device are also started; S2: The coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the stack flows through the first pipeline system and enters the stack radiator through the liquid inlet of the stack radiator; Then it flows out through the liquid outlet of the stack radiator, flows through the second pipe system, and enters the stack through the liquid inlet to continue the circulation; At the same time, the coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the air supply core component flows through the seventh pipe system and enters the air supply core component radiator through the liquid inlet of the air supply core component radiator; Then it flows out through the liquid outlet of the air supply core component radiator, flows through the sixth pipe system, and enters the air supply core component through the liquid inlet of the air supply core component to continue the cycle; The coolant flowing out of the liquid outlet of the power conversion device flows through the eleventh piping system and enters the power conversion device radiator through the liquid inlet of the power conversion device radiator; then flows out through the liquid outlet of the power conversion device radiator, flows through the tenth piping system, and enters the power conversion device through the liquid inlet of the power conversion device to continue the circulation; S3: The monitoring module obtains monitoring data and transmits it to the control module; S4: Based on the monitoring data, the control module controls the regulating module to control the hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system.

9. The thermal management method of a hydrogen fuel cell thermal management system for rail transportation equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: Before step S3, the following steps are also included: If the temperature of the liquid inlet of the fuel cell stack is higher than the ambient temperature, the waste heat utilization heat exchange system is started, and the coolant enters the waste heat utilization heat exchange system through the fourteenth pipeline system. After the auxiliary air-conditioning system heats the environment, the coolant enters the second pipeline system through the fifteenth pipeline system and enters the fuel cell stack through the liquid inlet to continue circulation.

Images