A nanotube nested telescopic treatment device and its control and preparation methods

Abstract

The present invention proposes a nanotube nested telescopic therapeutic device and a preparation method thereof. The nanotube nested telescopic therapeutic device designed by the present invention is formed by two layers of nested nanotubes, and an electrode with adjustable potential is provided at a specified position of the inner nanotube. During operation, only the outer electrode is energized, and under the action of the external electric field, the inner nanotube can overcome the van der Waals force between the two nested nanotubes and extend; when it is switched to only the inner electrode being energized and the external electric field is turned off, a double electric layer will be formed around the inner electrode in the solution environment, and the inner nanotube can be stopped at a preset position by ion blocking; after all power supplies are cut off, the inner nanotube will return to the initial position under the action of the van der Waals force. By controlling the combination of the electrode potential on the inner nanotube and the external electric field, periodic control is applied to achieve high-speed telescopic movement of the nanotube, which can be used as a scalpel to remove local micro-lesions; the double electric layer blocking stop can be used as a controllable telescopic arm to achieve precise delivery of drugs to a specified position.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of medical applications of nano-robots, and particularly to a nanotube nested telescopic treatment device and its control and preparation methods. Background Art

[0002] Nanobiology, formed by the combination of nanotechnology and biomedicine, is an important part of life science. Nano-medical robots break through the limitations of the size and driving mode of traditional macroscopic machines, are designed and manufactured based on biological principles at the molecular level, and can be controlled and operated in the nano-space, thus enabling precise medical treatments such as drug delivery and micro-nano surgery.

[0003] Currently existing nano-medical devices include nano-drills, micro-clamps, and micro-bullets, etc.

[0004] Among them, the nano-drill can penetrate the cell membrane by specifically fine-tuning its amino acid sequence through programming to deliver the carried drug to the designated position. However, the nano-drill needs to encode and assemble a specific structure to function, with low efficiency, and one structure corresponds to one function, lacking generality.

[0005] The micro-clamp is triggered to clamp by a change in pH value or an increase in temperature. However, this clamping action is irreversible and may be triggered by too many factors in the body environment, and currently cannot become a reliable surgical tool.

[0006] The micro-bullet uses ultrasonic waves to evaporate the biocompatible fuel perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion inside it to propel the nano-device like a bullet, so that its speed can reach the level of removing diseased cells. However, the movement of the micro-bullet will no longer be controllable after being launched, and it cannot ensure that the movement after removing diseased cells will not damage healthy tissues. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention: The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a nanotube nested telescopic treatment device with a simple and reliable structure, generality, and strong controllability, as well as its control and preparation methods.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention: A nanotube nested telescopic treatment device described in the present invention includes an outer nanotube and an inner nanotube disposed inside the outer nanotube and capable of reciprocating movement along the outer nanotube; inner electrodes and outer electrodes with adjustable electric potential are provided on both sides of the inner nanotube.

[0009] A uniform electric field is provided along the movement path of the inner nanotube. Under the action of the uniform electric field, the inner nanotube can extend out by overcoming the van der Waals force between the two nested nanotubes.

[0010] In the absence of an external electric field, only the inner electrode is energized. In the body fluid environment, a double electric layer will form around the inner electrode, and the inner nanotubes can be stopped at the preset position through ion blocking.

[0011] After cutting off all electrode power supplies, the inner nanotubes will return to their original positions under the action of van der Waals forces.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner electrode and the outer electrode are respectively connected to an internal independent voltage source and an external independent voltage source.

[0013] The present invention also discloses an operation method of a nanotube nested telescopic treatment device, including start-stop control of the inner nanotube compared to the outer nanotube, the start-stop control comprising the following steps:

[0014] S11. At the initial position, that is, when the inner nanotube is completely inside the outer nanotube, turning on the external independent voltage source to energize the outer nanoelectrode;

[0015] S12. Turning on the uniform electric field along the moving path of the inner nanotube, the outer nanoelectrode is positively charged under the action of an external independent voltage source, generating an electric field force to control the inner nanotube to extend until the inner nanoelectrode completely leaves the inner cavity of the outer nanotube;

[0016] S13. Turn off the external independent voltage source, turn on the internal independent voltage source, and energize the inner nanoelectrode;

[0017] S14. Turn off the uniform electric field, the inner nanoelectrode is positively charged under the action of the internal independent voltage source, and the anions in the working environment of the nanotube nested telescopic therapeutic device are adsorbed and tightly wrapped around the inner nanoelectrode to form a double electric layer; due to the existence of the double electric layer, the diameter of the inner nanoelectrode is larger than the diameter of the outer nanotube and cannot be retracted, so that the embedded nanotube can be stuck and stopped at this position.

[0018] Furthermore, the inner nanotubes are provided with drugs, and the inner nanotubes carrying the drugs can extend to the lesions by extending out of the outer nanotubes, thereby directly delivering the drugs to the lesions; the embedded nanotubes that stop at the position can carry the drugs and fully interact with the lesions.

[0019] Further, the reciprocating expansion and contraction control of the inner layer nanotubes compared to the outer layer nanotubes comprises the following steps:

[0020] S21. At the initial position, that is, when the inner nanotube is completely inside the outer nanotube, turning on the external independent voltage source to energize the outer nanoelectrode;

[0021] S22. Turn on the uniform electric field along the movement path direction of the inner nanotube, and control the inner nanotube to extend until the inner nanoelectrode completely leaves the inner cavity of the outer nanotube;

[0022] S23. Turn off the uniform electric field and the external independent voltage source. At this time, the inner nanotube is not affected by the electric field force. There is a van der Waals force naturally existing between the nested outer nanotube and the inner nanotube, which shows an attractive force between the nested nanotubes, that is, the outer nanotube will attract the inner nanotube back to the initial position;

[0023] S24. Repeat steps S22 and S23 for a specified number of times to control the reciprocating telescoping of the inner nanotube.

[0024] Furthermore, by performing the reciprocating telescoping control of the inner nanotube relative to the outer nanotube and repeatedly puncturing the diseased tissue, the purpose of removing the diseased tissue is achieved.

[0025] The present invention also discloses a preparation method of a nanotube nested telescopic treatment device, including

[0026] S31. Prepare the outer nanotube: Prepare the outer nanotube by using the chemical vapor deposition method or the electrochemical method for preparing nanotubes;

[0027] S32. Prepare the inner nanotube: Prepare the inner nanotube by using the chemical vapor deposition method or the electrochemical method for preparing nanotubes;

[0028] S33. Process the electrodes: Deposit the outer nanoelectrode on the outer end of the inner nanotube by using the pyrolysis method or the electrochemical deposition method;

[0029] Deposit the inner nanoelectrode on the inner end of the inner nanotube by using the pyrolysis method or the electrochemical deposition method, connect the outer nanoelectrode to the external independent voltage source; connect the inner nanoelectrode to the internal independent voltage source;

[0030] S34. Embed the inner nanotube into the outer nanotube to complete the set.

[0031] Advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art:

[0032] 1. The nanotube nested telescopic treatment device designed by the present invention is composed of two nested nanotubes. Through the combination control of the electrode potential deposited on the inner nanotube and the external electric field, it can not only achieve precise drug delivery but also perform micro-nano scale lesion resection surgery. It has stronger comprehensive capabilities and more precise operation control.

[0033] 2. When realizing the drug delivery function, the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device designed by the present invention first uses the electrode potential and the action of the external electric field to extend the inner nanotube, and then uses the local potential and the ions in the solution to form an electric double layer for carding and stopping. Taking full advantage of the fact that the human body fluid is naturally a solution environment with a concentration of 0.09%, there is no need to inject an auxiliary solution, and no extra chemical substances are introduced as fuel, reducing the adverse effects on the human body. At the same time, the formation speed of the electric double layer is fast, so that the device is sensitive to control, responds quickly, and improves the operation accuracy.

[0034] 3. With the high-frequency multiple reciprocating motion of the inner nanotube relative to the outer nanotube to realize the surgical function of puncturing and removing diseased tissues, the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device designed by the present invention uses the periodic alternating combination of the electrode potential and the external electric field and the van der Waals force between the nested nanotubes to realize high-frequency reciprocating expansion and contraction. The average period is only 0.25 ns, which can realize high-speed cutting or puncturing. In addition, this function also gives play to the flexibility of the combination of potential and electric field, can independently control the expansion and contraction frequency and amplitude, and thus can adapt to a variety of different surgical situations, improving the flexibility of the nano-treatment device and demonstrating the advantages of precision medicine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the extended state of the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0037] In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings. This embodiment is only used to explain the present invention and does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] The present invention discloses a nanotube nested telescopic treatment device, which includes an outer nanotube 1 and an inner nanotube 2 disposed inside the outer nanotube 1 and capable of reciprocating along the outer nanotube 1;

[0039] Both sides of the inner nanotube 2 are provided with an inner electrode 3 and an outer electrode 4 with adjustable potential; the inner electrode 3 and the outer electrode 4 are respectively externally connected to an inner independent voltage source 5 and an outer independent voltage source 6.

[0040] A uniform electric field is provided along the movement path of the inner nanotube 2. Under the action of the uniform electric field, the inner nanotube 2 can extend by overcoming the van der Waals force between the two nested nanotubes;

[0041] In the absence of an external electric field and only when the inner electrode 3 is energized, in the body fluid environment, an electric double layer will be formed around the inner electrode 3. Through ion carding, the inner nanotube 2 can be stopped at a preset position;

[0042] After cutting off the power supply of all electrodes, the inner nanotube 2 will return to its initial position under the action of van der Waals force.

[0043] The present invention also includes an operation method of the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device, including

[0044] including the start-stop control of the inner nanotube 2 relative to the outer nanotube 1 and the reciprocating telescopic control of the inner nanotube 2 relative to the outer nanotube 1;

[0045] Among them, the start-stop control is mainly used to achieve precise drug delivery; the reciprocating telescopic control is mainly used to perform micro-nano scale lesion resection surgery;

[0046] Specifically, the start-stop control includes the following steps.

[0047] S11. Set drugs on the inner nanotube 2. At the initial position, that is, when the inner nanotube 2 is completely inside the outer nanotube 1, turn on the external independent voltage source 6 and energize the outer nanoelectrode 4.

[0048] S12. Turn on a uniform electric field along the movement path direction of the inner nanotube 2. At this time, the outer nanoelectrode 4 is positively charged under the action of the external independent voltage source 6, and the electric field force controls the inner nanotube 2 to extend until the inner nanoelectrode 3 completely leaves the inner cavity of the outer nanotube 1.

[0049] S13. Turn off the external independent voltage source 6 and turn on the internal independent voltage source 5 to energize the inner nanoelectrode 3.

[0050] S14. Turn off the uniform electric field. The inner nanoelectrode 3 is positively charged under the action of the internal independent voltage source 5. Anions in the working environment of the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device are adsorbed and tightly wrapped around the inner nanoelectrode 3 to form an electric double layer; due to the existence of the electric double layer, the diameter at the inner nanoelectrode 3 is larger than the diameter of the outer nanotube 1 and cannot retract, so that the embedded nanotube 2 can be stuck and stopped at this position. The inner nanotube 2 carrying drugs can extend out of the outer nanotube 1 to reach the lesion site and directly deliver the drugs to the lesion site; the embedded nanotube 2 that is stuck and stopped can carry drugs and fully interact with the lesion.

[0051] The reciprocating telescopic control includes the reciprocating telescopic control of the inner nanotube 2 relative to the outer nanotube 1, including the following steps.

[0052] S21. At the initial position, that is, when the inner nanotube 2 is completely inside the outer nanotube 1, turn on the external independent voltage source 6 and energize the outer nanoelectrode 4.

[0053] S22. Turn on a uniform electric field along the movement path direction of the inner nanotube 2, and control the inner nanotube 2 to extend until the inner nanoelectrode 3 completely leaves the inner cavity of the outer nanotube 1;

[0054] S23. Turn off the uniform electric field and the external independent voltage source 6. At this time, the inner nanotube 2 is not affected by the electric field force. There is a natural van der Waals force between the nested outer nanotube 1 and the inner nanotube 2, which shows an attractive force between the nested nanotubes, that is, the outer nanotube 1 will attract the inner nanotube 2 back to the initial position;

[0055] S24. Repeat steps S22 and S23 for a specified number of times to control the reciprocating expansion and contraction of the inner nanotube 2. By controlling the reciprocating expansion and contraction of the inner nanotube 2 relative to the outer nanotube 1 and repeatedly puncturing the diseased tissue, the purpose of removing the diseased tissue is achieved.

[0056] The present invention also includes a preparation method for a nanotube nested telescopic treatment device, which includes the following steps

[0057] S31. Prepare the outer nanotube 1: Use chemical vapor deposition or electrochemical methods for preparing nanotubes to prepare the outer nanotube 1;

[0058] S32. Prepare the inner nanotube 2: Use chemical vapor deposition or electrochemical methods for preparing nanotubes to prepare the inner nanotube 2;

[0059] S33. Process the electrodes: Deposit the outer nanoelectrode 4 on the outer end of the inner nanotube 2 by pyrolysis or electrochemical deposition;

[0060] Deposit the inner nanoelectrode 3 on the inner end of the inner nanotube 2 by pyrolysis or electrochemical deposition. Connect the outer nanoelectrode 4 to the external independent voltage source 6; connect the inner nanoelectrode 3 to the internal independent voltage source 5;

[0061] S34. Embed the inner nanotube 2 into the outer nanotube 1 to complete the assembly.

[0062] The specific implementation manner of the present invention is as Figure 1 shown. The nanotube nested telescopic treatment device described in the present invention is composed of an outer nanotube 1 and an inner nanotube 2 nested together. An inner electrode 3 and an outer electrode 4 are respectively provided at one end of the inner nanotube 2 and at a position 2 / 3 of the total length from this end. The two electrodes are respectively connected to independent voltage sources. The positions of the nanoelectrodes are not unique and can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0063] The manufacturing process of the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device described in the present invention has the following control working process:

[0064] First, manufacture the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device, and the steps are as follows:

[0065] Step 1: Prepare the outer nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition or electrochemical method for preparing nanotubes, and take the required length as the outer nanotubes.

[0066] Step 2: Prepare the inner nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition or electrochemical method for preparing nanotubes, and take the nanotubes with a diameter that can be nested with the outer nanotubes as the inner nanotubes of the device, and cut off the specified length.

[0067] Step 3: Deposit nanoelectrodes at the designed positions of the inner nanotubes, and connect the two electrodes to independent voltage sources respectively.

[0068] Step 4: Assemble the two prepared layers of nanotubes, and the two will move to the initial position under the action of van der Waals force, as Figure 1 shown.

[0069] Then, to realize the control of the drug delivery function of the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device, the steps are as follows:

[0070] Step 1: Turn on the external independent voltage source 6 at the initial position, and energize the outer nanoelectrode 4.

[0071] Step 2: Turn on the external electric field along the carbon tube extension direction, with an electric field intensity of 0.15 V / m. At this time, the outer nanoelectrode 4 is positively charged under the action of the independent voltage source. According to the electric field force formula F = qE, an electric field force will be generated to control the inner nanotube 2 to extend until the inner nanoelectrode 3 is completely exposed.

[0072] Step 3: Turn off the external independent voltage source 6 of the outer nanoelectrode, turn on the independent voltage source 5 of the inner nanoelectrode, and energize the inner nanoelectrode to increase the local electric potential at the electrode.

[0073] Step 4: Turn off the external electric field. In the solution environment with a natural concentration of 0.09% in human body fluid, due to the relatively high local electric potential, an electric double layer is formed around the inner nanoelectrode, which can make the inner nanotube stop at this position.

[0074] Before the device enters the human body for work, bind the required drugs on the inner nanotube 2. After the above four steps, the inner nanotube 2 carrying the drugs can reach the lesion by extending and touching the lesion, and the bound drugs can reach the lesion site. Also, due to the realization of the electric double layer positioning, the drugs can stay at this position with the inner nanotube 2 and act on the lesion fully.

[0075] Finally, to realize the control of the surgical function of the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device, the steps are as follows:

[0076] Step 1: Turn on the external independent voltage source 6, and energize the outer nanoelectrode 4.

[0077] Step 2: Turn on the external electric field along the extension direction of the carbon tube. Under the action of the uniform electric field of 0.15V / m, the speed of the inner nanotube 2 is about 40m / s. Assuming that the distance for the inner nanoelectrode 3 to be fully extended is l, the opening time of the electric field is obtained by t=l / s. The corresponding time calculated by turning on the electric field can control the inner nanotube 2 to extend until the inner nanoelectrode 3 is fully extended.

[0078] Step 3: Turn off the external electric field and the external independent voltage source 6. At this time, the inner nanotube 2 is not affected by the electric field force, but there is a natural van der Waals force between the nested nanotubes, which manifests as an attractive force between the nested nanotubes, that is, the outer nanotube 1 attracts the inner nanotube 2 to an initial state without axial relative motion. Since there is no electric field force, the inner nanotube 2 is only affected by the van der Waals force, and the inner nanotube 2 retracts to the initial position b under the van der Waals force between the two nanotubes;

[0079] Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 for a specified number of times to control the reciprocating extension and contraction of the inner nanotube.

[0080] Under the action of a uniform electric field of 0.15V / m, the speed of the inner nanotube 2 is about 40m / s. The impact generated by this speed is sufficient to make the inner nanotube 2 pierce the diseased tissue. After repeated punctures through reciprocating motion, the diseased tissue will be removed, thus achieving the surgical function.

[0081] The above specific implementation methods are only for illustrating the technical concept and structural features of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable relevant persons familiar with this technology to implement it. However, the above content does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nanotube nested telescopic treatment device, characterized in that: It comprises an outer nanotube (1) and an inner nanotube (2) arranged inside the outer nanotube (1) and capable of reciprocating along the outer nanotube (1); inner electrodes (3) and outer electrodes (4) with adjustable electric potential are provided on both sides of the inner nanotube (2); A uniform electric field is provided along the movement path of the inner nanotube (2), and under the action of the uniform electric field, the inner nanotube (2) can overcome the van der Waals force between the two nested nanotubes and extend out; In the absence of an external electric field, only the inner electrode (3) is energized, and in a body fluid environment, a double electric layer is formed around the inner electrode (3), and the inner nanotube (2) can be stopped at a preset position through ion blocking; After all electrode power supplies are cut off, the inner nanotubes (2) will return to their initial positions under the action of van der Waals forces.

2. The nanotube nested telescopic treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner electrode (3) and the outer electrode (4) are respectively externally connected to an inner independent voltage source (5) and an outer independent voltage source (6).

3. An operating method of the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The method comprises starting and stopping control of the inner layer nanotube (2) compared with the outer layer nanotube (1), wherein the starting and stopping control comprises the following steps: S11. At the initial position, that is, the position when the inner nanotube (2) is completely inside the outer nanotube (1), the external independent voltage source (6) is turned on to energize the outer nanoelectrode (4); S12. The uniform electric field is turned on along the moving path of the inner nanotube (2), and the outer nanoelectrode (4) is positively charged under the action of the external independent voltage source (6), generating an electric field force to control the inner nanotube (2) to extend to the inner nanoelectrode (3) and completely leave the inner cavity of the outer nanotube (1); S13. Turn off the external independent voltage source (6), turn on the internal independent voltage source (5), and energize the inner nanoelectrode (3); S14. The uniform electric field is turned off, and the inner nanoelectrode (3) is positively charged under the action of the internal independent voltage source (5). The anions in the working environment of the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device are adsorbed and tightly wrapped around the inner nanoelectrode (3), forming a double electric layer. Due to the existence of the double electric layer, the diameter of the inner nanoelectrode (3) is larger than the diameter of the outer nanotube (1) and cannot be retracted, so that the embedded nanotube (2) is stuck and stopped at this position.

4. The method for operating the nanotube-nested telescopic therapeutic device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner nanotube (2) is provided with a drug, and the inner nanotube (2) carrying the drug can extend to the lesion by extending out of the outer nanotube (1), thereby directly delivering the drug to the lesion; the embedded nanotube (2) that stops at a fixed position can carry the drug and fully interact with the lesion.

5. The operating method of the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S21. At the initial position, that is, the position when the inner nanotube (2) is completely inside the outer nanotube (1), the external independent voltage source (6) is turned on to energize the outer nanoelectrode (4); S22. Turning on the uniform electric field along the moving path of the inner nanotube (2), controlling the inner nanotube (2) to extend until the inner nanoelectrode (3) completely leaves the inner cavity of the outer nanotube (1); S23. Turn off the uniform electric field and the external independent voltage source (6). At this time, the inner nanotube (2) is not affected by the electric field force. There is a natural van der Waals force between the nested outer nanotube (1) and the inner nanotube (2), which manifests as an attractive force between the nested nanotubes, that is, the outer nanotube (1) will attract the inner nanotube (2) back to the initial position; S24. Repeat steps S22 and S23 a specified number of times to control the reciprocating expansion and contraction of the inner nanotube (2).

6. The operating method of the nanotube nested telescopic treatment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Perform the reciprocating expansion and contraction control of the inner nanotube (2) relative to the outer nanotube (1). After repeatedly puncturing the diseased tissue, the purpose of removing the diseased tissue is achieved.

7. A preparation method of a nanotube nested telescopic treatment device, characterized in that: It includes the following steps; S31. Prepare the outer nanotube (1): Use the chemical vapor deposition method or the electrochemical method for preparing nanotubes to prepare the outer nanotube (1); S32. Prepare the inner nanotube (2): Use the chemical vapor deposition method or the electrochemical method for preparing nanotubes to prepare the inner nanotube (2); S33. Process the electrodes: Deposit the outer nanoelectrode (4) on the outer side end of the inner nanotube (2) by the pyrolysis method or the electrochemical deposition method; Deposit the inner nanoelectrode (3) on the inner side end of the inner nanotube (2) by the pyrolysis method or the electrochemical deposition method. Connect the outer nanoelectrode (4) to the external independent voltage source (6); Connect the inner nanoelectrode (3) to the internal independent voltage source (5); S34. Embed the inner nanotube (2) into the outer nanotube (1) to complete the set.

Images