Identification Method and Device for Fractures and Vugs in Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks

Abstract

The present application discloses a method and device for identifying fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks. Among them, the method includes: acquiring seismic data; establishing a three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the seismic data; extracting a multi-scale fracture and cave data volume from the three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume; and identifying the development area of fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the multi-scale fracture and cave data volume. The present application solves the technical problem that the existing fracture and cave prediction methods cannot accurately predict fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of seismic geological exploration, and in particular, to a method and device for identifying fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of Carboniferous volcanic rock reservoirs, the prediction of fractures and caves has become an important link in the efficient development of Carboniferous volcanic rocks.

[0003] The existing fracture and cave prediction methods mainly include shear wave splitting, microseismic, and Formation MicroScanner Image (FMI) logging technology.

[0004] The main reservoir spaces of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the study area are fractures, caves, and dissolution pores, and the corresponding reservoir types are fracture-cave type, fracture-cave-pore type, and dissolution pore type.

[0005] Currently, the commonly used fracture and cave prediction technology is the seismic P-wave fracture and cave prediction technology. The seismic P-wave fracture and cave prediction technology can usually be divided into two categories: pre-stack prediction and post-stack prediction according to the type of seismic data.

[0006] The pre-stack P-wave fracture and cave prediction technology can analyze the correlation between seismic trace signals through pre-stack seismic data, and quantitatively describe the characteristics of formation heterogeneity for fracture and cave prediction. Since the pre-stack P-wave fracture and cave prediction technology costs relatively high, it is not currently adopted.

[0007] The post-stack P-wave fracture and cave prediction technology mainly studies the lateral discontinuity of seismic traces through geometric attributes such as coherence and curvature, and the rose diagram, and studies the characteristics of large fractures and caves caused by faults, small fractures, etc. according to the discontinuity research.

[0008] Due to the complex reservoir spaces of Carboniferous volcanic rocks, with fractures, pores, and caves coexisting, strong heterogeneity, and great difficulty in reservoir prediction. Moreover, there are a large number of fractures and caves in the study area due to tectonic movements. These fractures and caves are channels for groundwater and acidic solutions, and a large number of dissolution pores are generated under the dissolution effect. The coincidence rate of fracture and cave prediction using the existing fracture and cave prediction methods is relatively low. At the same time, the existing fracture and cave prediction methods do not consider the influence of geological and seismic conditions on the fracture and cave prediction results.

[0009] In view of the problem that the existing fracture and cave prediction methods cannot accurately predict fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks, no effective solution has been proposed yet. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Embodiments of the present application provide a method and device for identifying fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks, so as to at least solve the technical problem that the existing fracture and cave prediction methods cannot accurately predict fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks.

[0011] According to one aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a method for identifying fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks is provided, including: obtaining seismic data; establishing a three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of the fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the seismic data; extracting a multi-scale fractured-vuggy data volume from the three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume; and identifying the development areas of the fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the multi-scale fractured-vuggy data volume.

[0012] Optionally, obtaining seismic data includes: obtaining two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data.

[0013] Optionally, establishing a three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of the fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the seismic data includes: calculating the fractal dimension of a seismic trace based on the two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data; and establishing a three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of the fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the fractal dimension of the seismic trace.

[0014] Optionally, calculating the fractal dimension of a seismic trace based on the two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data includes: calculating the fractal number of the seismic trace according to the attenuation exponent of the seismic power spectrum with respect to frequency; calculating the area dimension, correlation dimension, and amplitude dimension of the seismic trace based on the similarity and amplitude information of the seismic trace; and determining the relationship between the amplitude variance and attenuation coefficient of the seismic trace based on the Brownian motion model.

[0015] Optionally, identifying the development areas of the fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the multi-scale fractured-vuggy data volume includes: determining a fracture-vug prediction plan view based on the multi-scale fractured-vuggy data volume; and identifying the development areas of the fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the fracture-vug prediction plan view.

[0016] Optionally, before establishing a three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of the fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the seismic data, the above method further includes: determining the direction of the principal stress field in the area where the fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks are located based on the two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data.

[0017] Optionally, after identifying the development areas of the fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the multi-scale fractured-vuggy data volume, the above method further includes: determining the deployment location of the drilling equipment based on the development areas of the fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks.

[0018] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an apparatus for identifying fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks is further provided, including: an obtaining module for obtaining seismic data; a establishing module for establishing a three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of the fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the seismic data; an extracting module for extracting a multi-scale fractured-vuggy data volume from the three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume; and an identifying module for identifying the development areas of the fractured-vuggy zones in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the multi-scale fractured-vuggy data volume.

[0019] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a non-volatile storage medium is further provided. The non-volatile storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program runs, it controls the device where the non-volatile storage medium is located to execute the above method for identifying the fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks.

[0020] According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a processor is further provided. The processor is used to run a program stored in a memory, wherein when the program runs, it executes the above method for identifying the fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks.

[0021] In the embodiments of the present application, by acquiring seismic data; establishing a three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the seismic data; extracting a multi-scale fracture and cave data volume from the three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume; and identifying the development area of fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks based on the multi-scale fracture and cave data volume, the technical effects of improving the accuracy rate of predicting the development degree of fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks, further improving the accuracy of predicting oil and gas, and reducing the drilling risk are achieved, and thus the technical problem that the existing fracture and cave prediction methods cannot accurately predict the fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks is solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The schematic embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present application. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method for identifying fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a planar distribution map of the development of dissolution pores in Carboniferous volcanic rocks according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 is a structural block diagram of a device for identifying fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0027] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims and the above-mentioned drawings of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0028] First, some nouns or terms that appear in the process of describing the embodiments of the present application are applicable to the following explanations:

[0029] Seismic exploration refers to a geophysical exploration method that uses the differences in elasticity and density of underground media to judge the properties and forms of underground rock layers by observing and analyzing the propagation laws of seismic waves generated by artificial earthquakes, where the elastic waves are caused by artificial excitation.

[0030] A seismic trace is composed of a series of seismic wave travel paths, and each seismic trace is a one-dimensional signal trace.

[0031] Brownian motion is the incessant random motion of particles suspended in a liquid or gas.

[0032] Fractal theory. The most basic feature of fractal theory is to describe and study objective things from the perspective of fractional dimensions and mathematical methods, that is, to use the mathematical tool of fractal dimension to describe objective things.

[0033] Fractal dimension reflects the effectiveness of a complex shape in occupying space and is a measure of the irregularity of the complex shape.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present application, an embodiment of a method for identifying fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. And although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than here.

[0035] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method for identifying fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks according to an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 1 shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0036] Step S102, obtain seismic data;

[0037] Seismic data are the data obtained during the seismic exploration process.

[0038] Step S104: Establish a 3D seismic attribute data volume of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the seismic data.

[0039] Step S106: Extract a multi-scale fracture and cave data volume from the 3D seismic attribute data volume.

[0040] Step S108: Identify the development areas of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the multi-scale fracture and cave data volume.

[0041] Through the above steps, the technical effects of improving the accuracy rate of predicting the development degree of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves, further improving the accuracy of predicting oil and gas, and reducing the drilling risk can be achieved.

[0042] According to an optional embodiment of the present application, when performing step S102, two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data is acquired.

[0043] According to another optional embodiment of the present application, step S104 is implemented by the following method: calculating the fractal dimension of the seismic trace based on the two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data; establishing a 3D seismic attribute data volume of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the fractal dimension of the seismic trace.

[0044] In some optional embodiments of the present application, calculating the fractal dimension of the seismic trace based on the two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data includes: calculating the fractal number of the seismic trace according to the attenuation exponent of the seismic power spectrum with frequency; calculating the area dimension, correlation dimension, and amplitude dimension of the seismic trace based on the similarity and amplitude information of the seismic trace; determining the relationship between the amplitude variance and attenuation coefficient of the seismic trace based on the Brownian motion model.

[0045] There are three methods for obtaining the fractal dimension of the seismic trace from the above two- and three-dimensional seismic data:

[0046] One is to obtain the fractal number of the seismic trace according to the attenuation exponent of the seismic power spectrum with frequency.

[0047] The second is to calculate the area dimension of the seismic trace, the correlation dimension between seismic traces, and the amplitude dimension of the seismic trace based on the similarity and amplitude information of the seismic trace.

[0048] The third is a fractal dimension calculation method based on the Brownian motion model to obtain the relationship between the amplitude variance and attenuation coefficient of the seismic trace.

[0049] Comprehensively use the above three fractal dimension technologies to establish a 3D seismic attribute data volume for the development of Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves.

[0050] Seismic wave field ions perform random Brownian motion in the subsurface half-space. When they encounter formation heterogeneity, lithology changes, or different fluid contents during the movement, the movement trajectories of the wave field ions will change. The fractal dimension theory can be used to study such changes in the movement trajectories, that is, the roughness of the trajectory changes, determine the planar distribution, and combine well information to judge the reasons for the changes in the movement trajectories of the wave field ions, such as fluid changes, pore changes (heterogeneity), or lithology changes, etc. The seismic trace itself can be regarded as a chaotic time series with Brownian motion characteristics and thus has fractal characteristics.

[0051] In some alternative embodiments of the present application, when performing step S108, a fracture-vug prediction plan view is determined based on the multi-scale fracture-vug data volume; the development areas of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and vugs are identified based on the fracture-vug prediction plan view.

[0052] Figure 2 It is a planar distribution map of the development of dissolution pores in Carboniferous volcanic rocks according to an embodiment of the present application. Using the multi-scale fracture-vug data volume, a fracture-vug prediction plan view is extracted, and finally, the fracture-vug development areas are comprehensively analyzed based on the fracture-vug planar prediction map.

[0053] According to an alternative embodiment of the present application, before establishing the 3D seismic attribute data volume of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and vugs based on seismic data, it is also necessary to determine the direction of the principal stress field in the area where the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and vugs are located based on 2D seismic data or 3D seismic data.

[0054] Based on the analysis, processing, and attribute extraction of the above 2D and 3D seismic data, combined with FMI imaging logging and paleo-tectonic stress analysis, the direction of the principal stress field in the study area is determined.

[0055] According to another alternative embodiment of the present application, after identifying the development areas of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and vugs based on the multi-scale fracture-vug data volume, the deployment positions of the drilling equipment are determined based on the development areas of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and vugs.

[0056] Using the multi-scale fracture-vug data volume, a fracture-vug prediction plan view is extracted, and finally, the fracture-vug development areas are comprehensively analyzed based on the fracture-vug planar prediction map to provide a basis for deploying well positions.

[0057] The above method provided by the present invention can effectively solve the problem of multi-solution in identifying fractures and vugs in Carboniferous volcanic rocks, improve the success rate of pre-exploration wells and the coincidence rate of completed drilled wells, achieve the improvement of the coincidence rate of volcanic rock fractures and vugs and the accuracy rate of predicting oil and gas, and at the same time, reduce the risk of newly deployed seismic exploration.

[0058] Figure 3 It is a structural block diagram of a device for identifying fractures and vugs in Carboniferous volcanic rocks according to an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 3 shown. The device includes:

[0059] An acquisition module 30 for acquiring seismic data;

[0060] A building module 32 for building a 3D seismic attribute data volume of Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the seismic data;

[0061] An extraction module 34 for extracting a multi-scale fracture and cave data volume from the 3D seismic attribute data volume;

[0062] An identification module 36 for identifying the development areas of Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the multi-scale fracture and cave data volume.

[0063] It should be noted that Figure 3 The preferred implementation manners of the illustrated embodiments can be referred to Figure 1 the relevant descriptions of the illustrated embodiments, which will not be elaborated herein.

[0064] The embodiments of the present application further provide a non-volatile storage medium. The non-volatile storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program runs, it controls the device where the non-volatile storage medium is located to execute the above-mentioned identification method of Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves.

[0065] The above-mentioned non-volatile storage medium is used to store a program for performing the following functions: acquiring seismic data; building a 3D seismic attribute data volume of Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the seismic data; extracting a multi-scale fracture and cave data volume from the 3D seismic attribute data volume; identifying the development areas of Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the multi-scale fracture and cave data volume.

[0066] The embodiments of the present application further provide a processor. The processor is used to run a program stored in a memory, wherein when the program runs, it executes the above-mentioned identification method of Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves.

[0067] The above-mentioned processor is used to run a program for performing the following functions: acquiring seismic data; building a 3D seismic attribute data volume of Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the seismic data; extracting a multi-scale fracture and cave data volume from the 3D seismic attribute data volume; identifying the development areas of Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the multi-scale fracture and cave data volume.

[0068] The serial numbers of the embodiments of the present application above are only for description and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0069] In the above embodiments of the present application, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own focuses. For the parts not elaborated in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0070] In several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. Among them, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units can be a logical function division. In actual implementation, there can be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules can be in an electrical or other form.

[0071] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place, or they can be distributed to multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0072] In addition, each functional unit in various embodiments of this application can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above-mentioned integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0073] If the above-mentioned integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the related technology, or all or part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of this application. The foregoing storage medium includes: various media such as USB flash drives, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), mobile hard disks, magnetic disks, or optical discs that can store program codes.

[0074] The above is only the preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of this application, several improvements and refinements can still be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for identifying fractures and caves in Carboniferous volcanic rocks, characterized in that Including: Obtain seismic data; Based on the seismic data, establish a three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves; Extract a multi-scale fracture and cave data volume from the three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume; Based on the multi-scale fracture and cave data volume, identify the development areas of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves; Obtain the seismic data, including: obtaining two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data; Based on the seismic data, establish a three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves, including: Calculate the fractal dimension of the seismic trace based on the two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data; Based on the fractal dimension of the seismic trace, establish the three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Calculate the fractal dimension of the seismic trace based on the two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data, including: Calculate the fractal number of the seismic trace according to the attenuation exponent of the seismic power spectrum with respect to frequency; Calculate the area dimension, correlation dimension and amplitude dimension of the seismic trace based on the similarity and amplitude information of the seismic trace; Based on the Brownian motion model, determine the relationship between the amplitude variance and the attenuation coefficient of the seismic trace.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein Based on the multi-scale fracture and cave data volume, identify the development areas of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves, including: Based on the multi-scale fracture and cave data volume, determine a fracture and cave prediction plan view; Based on the fracture and cave prediction plan view, identify the development areas of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Before establishing the three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the seismic data, the method further includes: Based on the two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data, determine the direction of the principal stress field in the area where the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves are located.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that After identifying the development areas of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the multi-scale fracture and cave data volume, the method further includes: Based on the development areas of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves, determine the deployment positions of the drilling equipment.

6. An identification device for fractures and cavities in Carboniferous volcanic rocks, characterized in that, Including: An acquisition module for obtaining seismic data, and obtaining the seismic data, including: obtaining two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data; A building module for establishing a three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the seismic data. Establishing the three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the seismic data includes: calculating the fractal dimension of the seismic trace based on the two-dimensional seismic data or three-dimensional seismic data; based on the fractal dimension of the seismic trace, establish the three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves; An extraction module for extracting a multi-scale fracture and cave data volume from the three-dimensional seismic attribute data volume; An identification module for identifying the development areas of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves based on the multi-scale fracture and cave data volume.

7. A non-volatile storage medium, characterized in that, The non-volatile storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program runs, it controls the device where the non-volatile storage medium is located to execute the identification method of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A processor, characterized in that, The processor is used to run the program stored in the memory, wherein when the program runs, it executes the identification method of the Carboniferous volcanic rock fractures and caves according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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