Adapter for establishing a flow channel between a respiratory gas supply device and a patient connection

Abstract

The invention relates to an adapter (1) for establishing a flow channel (2) between a breathing gas supply device and a patient connection, and to an assembly and a system for artificial respiration or respiratory support, respectively, having such an adapter (1). The adapter (1) has a first connection structure (3) for connection with a breathing gas supply device and a second connection structure (4) for connection with a patient connection. The described technical solution is characterized in that a bypass channel (5) branching off from the flow channel (2) is provided with an extraction opening (7) which can be closed at least temporarily by a safety valve (6), and the safety valve (6) is embodied such that the extraction opening (7) is closed when the artificial respiration pressure present in the flow channel (2) is less than the pressure present on the side of the safety valve facing away from the flow channel (2).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The invention relates to an adapter for establishing a flow channel between a breathing gas supply device and a patient connection, respectively an artificial breathing or breathing support assembly having such an adapter and a system for artificial breathing or breathing support. The described adapter has a first connection structure for connection with a breathing gas supply device and a second connection structure for connection with a patient connection. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of anesthesia, intensive and emergency medicine, it is now common practice to measure the end-tidal carbon dioxide content in the breathing gas, i.e. the carbon dioxide content in the exhaled gas, in artificially ventilated patients, which measurement is even mandatory in certain cases. In this measurement method, which is known as capnography, the end-tidal carbon dioxide content is measured by means of a chemical indicator or by means of infrared spectroscopy. By means of the capnography additional information can be obtained not only in artificially ventilated patients, but also in spontaneously breathing patients, who for example receive artificial breathing support, on the basis of which not only treatment decisions can be made, but at the same time the safety of the patient is increased. If the patient is artificially ventilated with a tracheal tube, the capnography for example provides information about the position and functional state of the tube, enables the metabolic state of the patient to be judged and provides information about possible complications.

[0003] For this measurement, two generally different methods are known, namely on the one hand the so-called mainstream method and on the other hand the sidestream method. In the mainstream method, a measurement cuvette is present in the hose system between the patient connection, usually a tracheal tube, and the Y-piece, by means of which the carbon dioxide content is determined continuously during artificial ventilation by measuring the infrared light absorption of the breathing gas. In the sidestream method, a small amount of air is continuously drawn off from the breathing gas flow and then guided to a detector by means of which the carbon dioxide content in the breathing gas is determined.

[0004] Finally, capnography is an important tool in order to safely monitor and control artificial ventilation, intubation and anesthesia of a patient. In neonatology, due to the relatively small tidal volume, it has hitherto not been common practice to measure the end-tidal carbon dioxide content of the breathing gas in the vicinity of the patient. This results in the fact that the measured carbon dioxide content is sometimes erroneous and can lead to a misinterpretation of the respective treatment situation or patient condition. In particular for the field of neonatology, it is therefore generally desirable to carry out the respective measurement as close as possible to the patient, i.e. in the vicinity of the patient connection or in the region of the adapter connecting the breathing gas supply device with the patient connection, and without a significant increase in the dead space volume.

[0005] However, using adapters known in the art to establish the connection between the respiratory gas supply device and the patient connection partly results in a non-negligible increase in dead space volume, which must be minimized in neonatal artificial respiration or respiratory support. Furthermore, adapters are known to extract respiratory gas in areas relatively far from the patient, such as via a hose connected to a Luer lock closure in the area of ​​the heat and moisture exchanger. Such adapters tend to induce turbulence within the respiratory airflow, which can lead to false results when measuring end-expiratory carbon dioxide content in the respiratory airflow. Moreover, for safety reasons, it is not recommended to extract a portion of the respiratory gas flow in the area between the patient and the filter element to determine end-expiratory carbon dioxide content according to the secondary flow method, as there is a risk of drawing an unacceptably large amount of air from the patient's lungs when the main flow path is blocked, such as when the filter is depleted.

[0006] In this context, DE 41 30 724 A1 discloses an adapter for establishing an airtight connection between a respiratory gas supply device and an endotracheal tube, which can be used for artificial respiration in preterm infants and newborns. The described adapter features an integrated heat and moisture exchanger (HME filter) to minimize carbon dioxide retention and an additional connecting sleeve for connection to a pressure monitoring system on the patient side. A problem with the described adapter is that, in the event of an accidental disconnection of the tubing leading to the pressure monitoring system, respiratory gas may escape uncontrollably from the adapter. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Starting from solutions known from the prior art and the aforementioned problems, the object of the present invention is to describe an adapter for establishing an airtight connection between a respiratory gas supply device and a patient connector, characterized by a compact construction combined with a small dead space, and further enabling simple and reliable measurement of end-expiratory carbon dioxide content of the respiratory gas. Furthermore, it should be possible to combine the adapter to be described with filter elements, heat exchangers, and / or moisture exchangers without the risk of adversely affecting the patient's artificial respiration or respiratory support. It is particularly important that, despite the realization or performance of end-expiratory carbon dioxide measurement, the artificial respiration pressure within the adapter does not drop unduly, and that an unduly large amount of air is extracted from the patient during suction measurement. Furthermore, the adapter to be described should be technically simple to manufacture and economically efficient. Moreover, the adapter should be able to connect to, or integrate into, existing hose systems and components used for artificial respiration or respiratory support without significant cost.

[0008] The aforementioned task is solved using the adapter according to the invention and components for artificial respiration or respiratory support (which are described, for example, in this disclosure). Systems for artificial respiration or respiratory support for patients (which solve the task on which the invention is based) are also described in this disclosure. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the invention and are set forth in detail in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0009] According to the invention, an adapter (having a first connection structure for connecting to the respiratory gas supply device and a second connection structure for connecting to the patient connector) for establishing a flow channel between the respiratory gas supply device and the patient connector is extended such that a bypass channel branching from the flow channel is provided with an extraction opening that can be closed at least temporarily by a safety valve, and the safety valve is configured such that the extraction opening is closed when the artificial respiration pressure present in the flow channel is less than the pressure present on the side of the safety valve opposite to the flow channel. According to the invention, an adapter is therefore provided having an extraction opening that can be closed by means of a safety valve. The safety valve is a valve that always closes the extraction opening when a negative pressure is formed in the flow channel of the adapter relative to the pressure present on the side of the safety valve opposite to the flow channel, especially relative to atmospheric pressure (which exists in the surrounding environment of the adapter and therefore outside the flow channel).

[0010] Therefore, with the adapter implemented according to the invention, it is possible to extract at least a portion of the respiratory airflow directly near the patient connection, for example, in the distal region of the endotracheal tube, and to measure the end-expiratory carbon dioxide content of the respiratory gas without the risk of extracting an unacceptably large amount of respiratory gas from the main flow channel in the adapter. Of course, with the solution according to the invention, alternatively or additionally, the concentration of other gases in the respiratory gas, such as volatile anesthetics, can be detected by aspiration measurement. Importantly for the solution according to the invention, despite the additional extraction point on the adapter, the bypass channel, extraction opening, and safety valve keep the dead space inside the adapter relatively small on the one hand, and on the other hand, prevent uncontrolled outflow of respiratory gas from the flow channel, for example, if an increase in flow resistance occurs within the flow channel. Thus, it is ensured that even when performing aspiration measurement of the end-expiratory carbon dioxide content, an unacceptably large amount of respiratory gas is not aspirated from the flow channel and, consequently, from the patient.

[0011] Preferably, the extraction opening is located on the patient-facing side of the adapter, thereby positioning the extraction opening as close as possible to the second connection structure arranged proximally, and thus as close as possible to the patient connector. With the adapter implemented according to the invention, the end-expiratory carbon dioxide content of the respiratory gas can therefore be measured near the patient. Once the artificial respiration pressure in the flow channel is less than the pressure present on the side of the safety valve opposite the flow channel, i.e., particularly less than atmospheric pressure, the safety valve closes the extraction opening, and thus closes the extraction point for extracting gas. In this way, for example, it is ensured that once the artificial respiration pressure present in the flow channel drops below ambient pressure during suction measurement, for example based on at least partial blockage of the flow channel, the safety valve closes the extraction opening, and no additional respiratory gas is aspirated from the flow channel or the patient's lungs. The ventilator used for artificial respiration or respiratory support then detects changes in the flow characteristics in the flow channel and executes an appropriate alarm if the limits are exceeded.

[0012] According to a particular extension of the invention, a filter element, a heat exchanger, and / or a moisture exchanger are arranged in the flow channel of the adapter. By integrating such structural elements into the adapter, a more functional adapter is provided, which is still characterized by a relatively small structural space.

[0013] Particularly preferred is that the adapter has a combined heat and moisture exchanger, a so-called HME filter (Heat and Moisture Exchanger).

[0014] Advantageously, the filter element, heat exchanger and / or moisture exchanger, especially a combined heat and moisture exchanger, are arranged on the side of the extraction opening facing the adapter on the first connection structure for connection to the respiratory gas supply device. The structural elements used are arranged distal to the extraction opening, which can be closed using a safety valve, so that the bypass channel branches off from the flow channel on the side of the corresponding element facing the second connection structure. This technical solution ensures that even if the filter element, heat exchanger, and / or moisture exchanger are blocked, even during suction measurements, excessive respiratory gas is not extracted through the extraction opening and bypass channel. In this case, once the artificial respiration pressure in the flow channel on the patient-facing side of the corresponding filter element, heat exchanger, and / or moisture exchanger drops below the atmospheric pressure present in the surrounding environment of the adapter, the safety valve closes the extraction opening, thus preventing the extraction of an unacceptably large amount of respiratory gas from the flow channel and the patient.

[0015] By providing an adapter according to the invention (which additionally has a filter element, a heat exchanger and / or a moisture exchanger, especially a combined heat and moisture exchanger), such elements do not need to be additionally integrated into the artificial respiration system. This advantageously prevents further increase in dead space.

[0016] In a particular extension of the invention, the bypass channel has a connection structure on the side of the safety valve opposite to the flow channel for connecting a hose for at least temporary, preferably suction-based, extraction of breathing gas.

[0017] The connection structure of the extraction point preferably has a tubular profile, which can be implemented with a constant outer diameter or a tapered shape, allowing the extraction hose to be inserted into the connection structure. According to an extension, it is conceivable that the connection between the extraction point and the extraction hose can be established by a connecting element in the form of a Luer lock closure to establish an airtight connection between the bypass channel and the suction device. This connecting element reliably prevents the extraction hose from accidentally disconnecting from the adapter. However, in the event of accidental separation of the extraction point from the extraction hose, the safety valve, based on the invention and its placement in the area of ​​the extraction opening, ensures that, in this case, breathing gas can only escape from the flow channel into the environment for such a short period as the pressure (in this case, ambient pressure) in the bypass channel on the side opposite the flow channel is greater than the artificial respiration pressure in the adapter's flow channel. Once the artificial respiration pressure in the adapter's flow channel is less than the ambient pressure, the safety valve immediately closes the extraction opening.

[0018] In a particular design of the invention, the safety valve has a valve element movably supported, which is acted upon not only by the artificial respiration pressure present in the flow channel but also by the pressure present on the side of the safety valve opposite to the flow channel. Depending on the present pressure or pressure condition, the valve element moves, i.e., shifts, folds, and / or rotates, thereby either opening or closing the extraction opening. Here, the valve element is arranged and implemented such that once the artificial respiration pressure in the adapter's flow channel drops below the pressure acting on the valve element on the side opposite to the flow channel, the extraction opening is closed, and consequently the bypass channel is closed. In this case, it is conceivable that a suitable sealing surface is arranged on the side of the valve element facing the extraction opening and / or the bypass channel.

[0019] According to a particularly specific extension of the invention, the safety valve has a valve opening leading to the surrounding environment of the adapter, where atmospheric pressure exists. The valve opening is arranged such that the atmospheric pressure present in the adapter's surrounding environment acts on the valve element through the valve opening, so that once the ambient pressure exceeds the artificial respiration pressure present in the flow channel, the valve element closes the extraction opening. If the artificial respiration pressure rises above the ambient pressure, the valve element of the safety valve opens, and at least a portion of the respiratory airflow flowing in the flow channel can be extracted through the bypass channel and the adapter's extraction opening.

[0020] Alternatively or additionally, it may be conceivable that the safety valve has a spring element that acts on the valve element such that once the artificial respiration pressure in the flow passage of the adapter drops below the pressure present on the side of the safety valve opposite to the flow passage, especially the ambient pressure, the valve element closes the extraction opening.

[0021] In another particular embodiment of the invention, the extraction point of the adapter is provided with an additional closing element (e.g., in the form of a plug cap, a screw closure, or a rotating snap closure) so that extraction is airtightly shut off once the extraction hose or other structural element is not connected to the extraction point of the adapter.

[0022] Furthermore, a particular extension configuration includes an adapter with a first connection structure for securing the Y-shaped component and / or the artificial respiration hose of the breathing gas supply device. Importantly, the adapter can be quickly and safely connected to the corresponding component of the breathing gas supply device. Advantageously, the first connection structure is implemented such that while the adapter can be smoothly connected to the corresponding component, accidental disengagement of the connection is at least difficult. In this case, it is conceivable that the first connection structure is tubular or slightly tapered to allow for easy connection to the Y-shaped component and / or breathing hose of the breathing gas supply device.

[0023] Another particular design of the invention is that the second connection structure is configured to establish a safe and airtight connection with intubation tubes, especially endotracheal tubes, and particularly preferably with endotracheal tubes suitable for artificial respiration in infants, premature infants, and / or newborns. For this purpose, the second connection structure is also preferably tubular and / or at least partially has a tapered section, such that the outer diameter decreases in the direction along the patient side.

[0024] Similarly, it is conceivable that the second connection structure of the adapter is implemented such that the hose, especially the nasal hose, nasal mask and / or oronasal mask, can be secured thereto.

[0025] In addition to the adapter, the present invention relates to a component for artificial respiration or respiratory support, the component having an adapter of at least one design according to the foregoing technical embodiments implemented according to the invention, and a patient connector (in the form of a nasal cannula, nasal mask, additional adapter elements, and / or oronasal mask) fixed to a second connection structure of the adapter. The present invention also relates to a component for artificial respiration or respiratory support, the component having an adapter of at least one design according to the foregoing technical embodiments implemented according to the invention, and a catheter, particularly a tracheal catheter, fixed to a second connection structure of the adapter. Advantageously, the component for artificial respiration or respiratory support for patients implemented according to the invention is configured such that it can be used for artificial respiration or respiratory support of infants, premature infants, and / or newborns. Typically, it is also conceivable to combine the adapter constructed according to the invention with a patient connector selected as needed.

[0026] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a system for artificial respiration or respiratory support for a patient, the system having an artificial respiration or anesthesia device and an adapter connected thereto according to the invention and according to one embodiment of the foregoing description, thereby establishing at least temporarily an airtight connection between the outlet of the artificial respiration or anesthesia device and the flow channel of the adapter. The artificial respiration or respiratory support system according to the invention is therefore based on an advantageous combination of an adapter for connecting a respiratory gas supply device to a patient connector and an artificial respiration or anesthesia device, as implemented according to the invention. The corresponding system is capable of achieving artificial respiration or respiratory support for the patient in a particularly advantageous manner, wherein particularly safe measurement and monitoring of the end-expiratory carbon dioxide content of the respiratory flow can be achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, without limiting the general conception of the invention. Herein:

[0028] Figure 1 A perspective view of an adapter according to an embodiment of the present invention for connecting a respiratory gas supply device to a patient connector is shown;

[0029] Figure 2 Cross-sectional views of an adapter according to an embodiment of the invention for connecting a respiratory gas supply device to a patient connector are shown in an operating position with the extraction opening open and in an operating position with the extraction opening closed; and

[0030] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of an adapter with an integrated heat and moisture exchanger, according to an embodiment of the invention, is shown in an operating position with an open extraction opening and in an operating position with a closed extraction opening for connecting a respiratory gas supply device to a patient connector. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Figure 1 A perspective view of an adapter 1 according to an embodiment of the invention for connecting a respiratory gas supply device to a patient is shown. The adapter 1 has a first connection structure 3 to which a respiratory hose or a Y-shaped component of the respiratory gas supply device can be secured. A second connection structure 4 is provided at the opposite proximal end, i.e., the end closest to the patient during operation, to which a catheter, particularly an endotracheal tube for neonatal respiration, can be secured. Importantly, in the adapter 1 shown, a bypass channel 5 branches off from the flow channel 2 via an extraction opening 7. The flow channel airtightly connects the adapter end to the first and second connection structures 3, 4, allowing at least temporary extraction of a portion of the respiratory airflow flowing in the flow channel 2, which can be delivered, for example, to a hose not shown in this view via an extraction connector 9. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the extraction connector 9 is tubularly constructed so that an extraction hose can be inserted for extracting at least a portion of the respiratory gas flowing in the flow channel 2. Furthermore, the extraction connector 9 has a connection structure such that the extraction hose can be releasably and securely secured thereto by means of a Luer lock closure. A portion of the respiratory gas flowing in the flow channel 2 can be aspirated through this extraction hose 9, and preferably delivered for the measurement of the end-tidal carbon dioxide content of the respiratory gas.

[0032] also, Figure 1 The adapter 1 shown has a safety valve 6 that closes the extraction opening 7 of the bypass channel 5 based on the artificial respiration pressure present in the flow channel 2. Once the artificial respiration pressure in the flow channel 2 of the adapter 1 drops below the pressure on the side of the safety valve 6 opposite to the flow channel 2, the safety valve 6 closes the extraction opening 7. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, once the artificial respiration pressure in the flow channel 2 of the adapter 1 drops below the atmospheric pressure present in the surrounding environment of the adapter 1, the safety valve 6 closes the extraction opening 7. The appropriately constructed safety valve 6 ensures that, in the event of an unacceptable pressure drop within the flow channel 2 of the adapter 1, such as based on at least partial blockage of the flow channel 2 during a suction measurement, unacceptable extraction of breathing gas from the flow channel 2 and possibly from the patient's lungs is prevented.

[0033] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an adapter 1 according to an embodiment of the invention, for connecting a respiratory gas supply device to a patient connector, is shown not only in an operating position with the extraction opening open but also in an operating position with the extraction opening closed. Figure 2 a) shows adapter 1 in its operating state with the extraction opening 7 open, whileFigure 2 b) shows the adapter 1 in operation with the extraction opening 7 closed by the safety valve 6.

[0034] A flow channel 2 for transporting respiratory gas extends between a first end 12 having a first connecting structure 3 (which connects during operation to an element of a respiratory gas supply device, such as a respirator hose) and a second end 13 having a second connecting structure 4 (which connects during operation to a patient connector, such as an endotracheal tube). A bypass channel 5 branches off from the flow channel 2 via an extraction opening 7 for at least temporarily extracting a portion of the respiratory gas flowing in the flow channel 2. Furthermore, an adapter 1 has an extraction connector 9 for securing the extraction hose, which allows connection to a device for measuring the carbon dioxide content of a portion of the respiratory gas extracted from the flow channel 2. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the extraction connector 9 is tubularly constructed, so that the extraction hose for extracting at least a portion of the breathing gas flowing in the flow channel 2 is insertable. Furthermore, the extraction connector 9 has a connection structure that allows the extraction hose to be releasably and securely fixed thereto by means of a Luer lock closure.

[0035] In addition, the safety valve 6 is provided with a movable valve element 10, which can be used to close the extraction opening 7 according to the artificial breathing pressure present in the flow channel 2.

[0036] according to Figure 2 As shown in diagram a, safety valve 6 and valve element 10 are in the open position. In this open position, during operation, breathing gas can be extracted from the flow channel 2 of adapter 1 through extraction opening 7 and bypass channel 5, specifically drawn from this flow channel, to perform end-expiratory carbon dioxide content measurement. Once the artificial respiration pressure in flow channel 2 drops below the pressure present on the side of safety valve 6 opposite to flow channel 2 (here, the atmospheric pressure in the surrounding environment of adapter 1), extraction opening 7 closes through valve element 10 of safety valve 6. Figure 2 Figure b illustrates this operating state, in which the extraction opening 7 is closed by valve element 10 of safety valve 6. Safety valve 6 is designed such that valve element 10 can move between two positions: between the extraction opening 7 being open and the extraction opening 7 being closed. According to... Figure 2In the illustrated embodiment, the safety valve 6 has a valve opening 11 through which the ambient pressure present in the surrounding environment of the adapter 1 acts on the valve element 10. Conversely, the artificial respiration pressure present in the flow passage 2 of the adapter 1 acts on the opposite side of the valve element 10, thereby causing the valve element 10 to move or remain in a corresponding position according to the two pressures or forces acting on the valve element 10 in opposite directions.

[0037] exist Figure 2 In the operating state shown in b), the ambient pressure acting on the valve element 10 of the safety valve 6 through valve opening 7 is greater than the artificial respiration pressure present in the flow channel 2 of the adapter 1, and thus acts on the valve element 10 through the extraction opening 7 of the bypass channel 5. The extraction opening 7 is therefore closed by the valve element 10. Figure 2 Compared to the operating state shown in Figure a (where valve element 10 of safety valve 6 is in the open position), in Figure 2 Under the operating conditions shown in b, the pressure situation is reversed.

[0038] In addition, Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of an adapter 1 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in an operating position with an open extraction opening 7 and an operating position with a closed extraction opening 7. The adapter has an element 8 for handling respiratory gases, here an integrated heat and moisture exchanger, for connecting the respiratory gas supply device to the patient connector. Figure 3 a) This also shows the adapter 1 in its operating state with the extraction opening 7 open, while Figure 3 b) shows the adapter 1 in its operating state with the extraction opening 7 closed by the safety valve 6. The design and function of the safety valve 6, regarding the guidance of breathing gas flow, the possibility of partial extraction of the breathing airflow, and its configuration, correspond to... Figure 2 The design and function of adapter 1 are shown. Figure 3 In the adapter 1 shown, once the atmospheric pressure in the environment surrounding the adapter 1 exceeds the artificial respiration pressure in the flow channel 2 of the adapter 1, the extraction opening 7 is also closed by the valve element 10 of the safety valve 6. Figure 2 The adapter shown is different, Figure 3 The adapter shown additionally includes an element 8 for processing breathing gases, in the form of a combined heat and moisture exchanger, a so-called HME filter, arranged on the side facing the first connecting structure 3 of the extraction opening 7 of the bifurcated bypass channel 5. With the aid of this combined heat and moisture exchanger, not only can the breathing airflow be temperature-controlled as needed, but humidification or dehumidification can also be ensured.

[0039] Based on the safety valve 6 implemented according to the present invention, in accordance with Figure 3The adapter 1 also advantageously ensures that even if at least partial blockage of the combined heat and moisture exchanger occurs during the extraction measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide content, an unacceptably large amount of respiratory gas will not be extracted through the extraction opening 7 of the bypass channel 5. This is achieved by closing the extraction opening 7 via the valve element 10 of the safety valve 6 once the artificial respiration pressure present in the flow channel 2 drops below the atmospheric pressure present in the environment surrounding the adapter 1.

[0040] By means of the technical solution provided according to the invention, namely the adapter 1 with an additional automatic safety valve 6, it is possible, on the one hand, to measure the end-tidal carbon monoxide content in the respiratory gas near the patient, and on the other hand, to reliably prevent unacceptable pressure drops in the flow channel 2 of the adapter 1, and thus reliably prevent excessive exhalation of respiratory gas from the flow channel 2 and therefore from the patient's lungs. The adapter 1 implemented according to the invention is structurally designed to be relatively simple, and not only can reliable operation and safe operation be achieved, but also its efficient and inexpensive manufacture can be realized.

[0041] List of reference numerals

[0042] 1 adapter

[0043] 2 flow channels

[0044] 3 First connection structure

[0045] 4 Second connection structure

[0046] 5 bypass channels

[0047] 6 safety valves

[0048] 7 Extraction opening

[0049] 8. Components for handling respiratory gases

[0050] 9 Extraction Connector

[0051] 10 valve components

[0052] 11 valve opening

[0053] 12 First end

[0054] 13. Second end.

Claims

1. An adapter (1) for establishing a flow channel (2) between a respiratory gas supply device and a patient connector, the adapter having a first connection structure (3) for connection to the respiratory gas supply device and a second connection structure (4) for connection to the patient connector, characterized in that, The bypass channel (5), which branches off from the flow channel (2), is provided with an extraction opening (7) that can be closed at least temporarily by a safety valve (6), and the safety valve (6) is configured such that the extraction opening (7) is closed when the artificial respiration pressure present in the flow channel (2) is less than the pressure present on the side of the safety valve opposite to the flow channel (2). The safety valve (6) has a valve opening (11) leading to the surrounding environment of the adapter (1), and the valve opening (11) is arranged such that the atmospheric pressure present in the surrounding environment of the adapter (1) acts on the valve element (10) through the valve opening (11), so that when the ambient pressure is greater than the artificial respiration pressure present in the flow channel (2), the valve element (10) closes the extraction opening (7).

2. The adapter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow channel (2) is provided with elements (8) for handling breathing gases, which are in the form of filter elements, heat exchangers and / or moisture exchangers.

3. The adapter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bypass channel (5) branches on the side of the element (8) used for processing respiratory gases that faces the second connecting structure (4).

4. The adapter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The bypass channel (5) has an extraction connector (9) on the side of the safety valve (6) opposite to the flow channel (2) for connecting a hose to extract gas at least temporarily.

5. The adapter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first connecting structure (3) is configured to secure the Y-shaped piece and / or the artificial respiration hose.

6. The adapter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The second connection structure (4) is at least partially tapered.

7. The adapter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The second connection structure (4) is configured to secure the nasal mask and / or oronasal mask.

8. The adapter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The second connection structure (4) is configured to at least indirectly fix the conduit.

9. The adapter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The safety valve (6) is configured to close the extraction opening (7) when the artificial respiration pressure present in the flow channel (2) is less than the atmospheric pressure present in the surrounding environment of the adapter (1).

10. The adapter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The safety valve (6) has a valve element (10) that is movably supported, and the artificial breathing pressure present in the flow channel (2) and the pressure present on the side of the safety valve (6) opposite to the flow channel (2) act on the valve element.

11. An artificial respiration or respiratory support assembly having an adapter (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and a nasal mask or oronasal mask fixed to a second connection structure (4).

12. An artificial respiration or respiratory support assembly having an adapter (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and a catheter fixed to a second connection structure (4).

13. An artificial respiration or respiratory support assembly having an adapter (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and a catheter fixed to a second connection structure (4), the catheter being suitable for artificial respiration of infants, premature infants and / or newborns.

14. A system for artificial respiration or respiratory support for a patient, having an artificial respiration or anesthesia device and an adapter (1) connected thereto according to any one of claims 1 to 10, such that there is at least a temporary airtight connection between the outlet of the artificial respiration or anesthesia device and the flow channel (2) of the adapter (1).

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