Dry coal gangue return process and system

Abstract

This invention provides a dry coal gangue return process and system, belonging to the field of coal mine energy conservation and environmental protection, and underground coal gangue transportation and storage technology. This invention follows the existing coal transportation routes in the mine, allowing the coal gangue to return to the mine along its original route and be rehabilitated. It solves the technical problem that existing comprehensive utilization methods have limited capacity to process all coal gangue produced in coal mines, thus completely eliminating the ecological pollution problem caused by coal gangue. By utilizing one roadway to arrange two independent transportation systems, the cost of coal gangue processing can be minimized, and the interference between coal production and coal gangue storage can be reduced to a minimum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine energy conservation and environmental protection and underground storage of coal gangue, and specifically discloses a dry return process and system for coal gangue. Background Technology

[0002] Coal gangue poses numerous hazards, including: occupying land, emitting harmful gases, polluting soil, water, and the atmosphere, and seriously affecting the ecological environment of mining areas and human health. Long-term stockpiled gangue piles are also prone to spontaneous combustion, explosions, landslides, and leaching water pollution disasters, among others.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for comprehensive utilization of coal gangue include: gangue disposal site reclamation technology, coal gangue power generation technology, coal gangue as building aggregate technology, coal gangue brick making technology, and coal gangue cement making technology, etc. However, these comprehensive utilization technologies all have certain limitations. For example, the reclamation technology for coal gangue dumps lacks unified national standards, resulting in pollution followed by remediation. Reclamation costs are high, and the reclaimed land does not achieve harmonious integration with the local environment. Coal gangue power generation technology requires a power plant near the coal mine, and the calorific value of the coal gangue must match the boiler of the power plant (the calorific value of coal gangue often does not meet the boiler's combustion requirements, necessitating further coal blending). It also presents secondary pollution problems from fly ash. Furthermore, coal gangue brick making and coal gangue as building aggregate require proximity to cities to ensure product sales, but these projects often fail to generate economic benefits. The biggest problem with existing comprehensive utilization methods is the limited amount of gangue utilized, which cannot absorb all the coal gangue produced by coal mines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides corresponding dry coal gangue return processes for both main inclined shafts and main vertical shafts, and specifically invents and summarizes the "original route return method," "belt conveyor double transportation method," "staggered arrangement method," "height segmentation method," "skip bidirectional transportation technology," "four simultaneous operation method," and "underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device." This system is applicable to all underground coal mines (see...). Figure 1 This invention primarily addresses three major problems:

[0005] (1) To solve the problem that the existing comprehensive utilization methods have limited capacity to utilize gangue, which cannot consume all the coal gangue produced by coal mines, and ultimately completely eliminate the problem of coal gangue ground pollution;

[0006] (2) Solve the problem of excessively high production costs associated with returning coal gangue to the mine for storage;

[0007] (3) Make the return and sealing of coal gangue a routine production system to solve the problem of interference with coal production.

[0008] 1. Summarize and explain the invention:

[0009] 1.1 “Returning via the original route” (see) Figure 6 , 11 —This mainly addresses the ground pollution problem caused by coal gangue. The original route return method utilizes existing coal transport routes and employs a double-transport technology (see...). Figure 2-3 This allows the coal gangue to return to the mine via its original route, returning to its natural underground storage. The gangue and coal transport routes operate in reverse. The difference is that the coal transport belt conveyor receives coal from the lower part of the coal bunker at the bottom of the mine and transports it out, while the gangue return belt conveyor transports coal from the main inclined shaft, ventilation or pedestrian connecting roadway to the upper head chamber of the coal bunker at the bottom of the mine (see...). Figure 8-10 This is a crucial step in the arrangement of gangue return transportation in the main inclined shaft.

[0010] 1.2 "Dual-mode transport technology"—This involves arranging two belt conveyors, one above the other, in a transport roadway. They share the same support legs and frame legs, but their drive systems, braking systems, belts, idlers, tensioning devices, control systems, and protection systems are independent. The lower conveyor is for coal transport, and the upper conveyor is for returning gangue to the mine. The start-up, shutdown, and operation of the two conveyors are independent and do not affect each other. Its idlers use a hook-type design for easy maintenance. The idlers of the two conveyors are staggered to avoid resonance zones, thus preventing resonance. This is a major means of reducing the production cost of gangue returning to the mine and eliminating production interference.

[0011] 1.3 “Staggered Arrangement Method” (see Figure 7 — This is a layout method in which the coal unloading and gangue loading operations are carried out laterally and separately, which is one of the measures to eliminate interference between the two machines.

[0012] 1.4 "Height Segmentation Method" (see...) Figure 8-9 This method mainly addresses the limited height of underground chambers by dividing the climbing height of the gangue conveyor into two stages. It is a measure taken to solve the underground transfer and unloading of gangue on the gangue conveyor, and also one of the measures to eliminate production interference.

[0013] 1.5 "Vertical Shaft Skip Two-Way Transport Technology" (see...) Figure 12 , 13 14) — This method is used for skip hoisting. Its design intent is to "avoid empty cars on the return trip", which is an important measure to solve the problem of coal and gangue returning to the shaft via the original route.

[0014] 1.6 "Four Simultaneous Operations Method" (see...) Figure 15-16 — This design concept is based on the use of "vertical shaft skip bidirectional transportation technology" to double transportation efficiency with minimal time cost.

[0015] 1.7 "Assembled Horizontal Gangue Bin" (see...) Figure 5— Its function is equivalent to the coal bunker at the bottom of the mine. It is a regulator of the coal gangue transportation system and the filling system. This equipment was developed specifically for gangue return to the mine for storage. It is also an important means to reduce the production cost of gangue return to the mine and eliminate production interference.

[0016] 1.8 Belt conveyors are the most economical way to transport bulk solid materials over short distances, as has been proven in coal mine practice.

[0017] 1.9 The belt conveyor route for transporting coal must be the most reasonable transportation route, which is the result of multiple demonstrations in coal mine design.

[0018] By taking the above targeted measures, the three major problems in coal gangue disposal have been effectively solved.

[0019] 2. Main Inclined Shaft Return System

[0020] Due to the diverse production systems and varying underground conditions, a typical design model is presented here for reference.

[0021] 2.1 The main inclined shaft shaft house is the throat of coal transportation and the only way to transport coal and return gangue. The "staggered arrangement method" is mainly used in the main inclined shaft shaft house to eliminate the interference of gangue return to the shaft on coal production.

[0022] 2.2 The "height segmentation method" is mainly used for underground transfer and unloading. It divides the overlap height into upper and lower segments. The upper segment solves the height problem required for the chute's sluice angle and the belt conveyor's climbing angle, while the lower segment solves the height problem of the receiving belt conveyor body. When encountering chambers that cannot meet the process requirements, local roof lifting, brushing, and bottom raising are adopted. This greatly reduces the height of the overlap chamber and unloading chamber, greatly reduces the belt conveyor's climbing angle, greatly reduces construction costs, and effectively solves the layout problem of transfer, overlap, and unloading chambers.

[0023] 2.3 Storage of Coal Gangue Returned to the Mine

[0024] The "underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device" functions similarly to a bottom coal bunker, storing gangue returned to the mine and regulating the filling face and transportation time. It is located in the uphill transport roadway and is a crucial piece of equipment for gangue return production (see...). Figure 5 ).

[0025] 2.4 Description of the coal and gangue return route in the main inclined shaft:

[0026] Coal gangue produced by the coal preparation plant is transported by belt conveyor to the main inclined shaft shaft house and then transferred to the main inclined shaft double belt conveyor (see...). Figure 7 ), transferred in ventilated or pedestrian access lanes (see Figure 8The connecting roadway uses a conventional belt conveyor (single type) to transport coal to the upper machine head chamber of the bottom coal bunker, where it is then transferred to the return coal conveyor in the main transport roadway (see...). Figure 10 The waste rock is transported via the main haulage roadway and uphill to the underground horizontal assembled gangue storage unit for storage (see...). Figure 6 ).

[0027] The underground horizontal assembled gangue storage unit is located between the transport roadway and the return airway of the fully mechanized mining face. This is highly beneficial for coal production and gangue backfilling, avoiding mutual interference. Once backfilling begins, the gangue conveyor in the underground horizontal assembled gangue storage unit is activated to transfer the gangue to the backfilling transport system until the backfilling work is completed.

[0028] The dry return coal gangue process provided by this invention utilizes existing roadways along the coal transport route for dual-mode transport. These existing roadways include a transport level roadway, a return air level roadway, a transport incline, a main transport roadway, the main inclined shaft bottom coal bunker, the main inclined shaft itself, and ventilation or pedestrian connecting roadways. The transport level roadway and return air level roadway are connected via the transport incline, which in turn connects to the main transport roadway. The main transport roadway is connected to the upper entrance machine head chamber of the bottom coal bunker. The upper entrance machine head chamber of the bottom coal bunker and the main inclined shaft are connected via a connecting passageway. The ventilation or pedestrian connecting roadway is connected, and the lower part of the main inclined shaft is connected to the coal bunker at the bottom of the main inclined shaft. The coal transportation route is as follows: the coal transported by the coal transportation mechanism in the transport level roadway is transported sequentially by the coal conveyor belt in the transport incline and the coal conveyor belt in the transport main roadway to the coal bunker at the bottom of the main inclined shaft, and then transported to the surface from the lower part of the coal bunker at the bottom of the main inclined shaft. A double frame is arranged in the transport incline, transport main roadway and main inclined shaft connecting the transport level roadway and the transport main roadway. The upper layer of the double frame is arranged for the return shaft. A coal conveyor belt is installed on the lower layer of the double-frame coal transport conveyor; a transfer conveyor is installed at the main inclined shaft headhouse, staggered from the double-frame; a transfer chamber I is installed at the junction of the main inclined shaft and the ventilation or pedestrian connecting roadway. For the portion of transfer chamber I with insufficient height, partial roof lifting, widening, and flooring are carried out according to process requirements, and a connecting roadway transfer conveyor is installed within the floored trench; a head chute for entering transfer chamber I is installed on the return coal conveyor belt in the main inclined shaft; and a connecting roadway transfer conveyor is installed in the connecting roadway. Downhole horizontal assembled gangue storage devices are installed in the haulage uphill sections of the connecting haulage level roadway and the return air level roadway. Gangue transported from the surface haulage system is transferred by the shaft head transfer machine to the return gangue conveyor belt in the main inclined shaft, and unloaded through the head chute to the connecting roadway transfer machine. The connecting roadway transfer machine transfers the gangue to the return gangue conveyor belt in the haulage main roadway, and then along the haulage main roadway and the return gangue conveyor belt in the haulage uphill section to the downhole horizontal assembled gangue storage devices.

[0029] 3. This invention provides a dry return coal gangue process for a main vertical shaft, utilizing existing roadways along the coal transport route for compound transport. These existing roadways include a transport level roadway, a return air level roadway, a transport incline, a transport main roadway, a transport gate, the main shaft bottom coal bunker, and the main shaft. The transport level roadway and return air level roadway are connected via the transport incline, which in turn connects to the transport main roadway. The transport main roadway connects to the transport gate, which in turn connects to the main shaft bottom coal bunker. The main shaft connects to other main shaft bottom coal bunkers. The invention also involves selecting an industrial site for gangue delivery, within an industrial setting... The site is equipped with vertical gangue delivery shafts connecting the surface and underground, and a gangue transfer buffer system that delivers gangue from the vertical delivery shafts to the transport gate. Dual frames are installed in the transport uphill, transport main roadway, and transport gate. The upper layer of the dual frames is equipped with a return gangue conveyor belt, and the lower layer is equipped with a coal transport conveyor belt. The gangue in the gangue transfer buffer system is transferred along the transport main roadway and the return gangue conveyor belt of the transport uphill to the filling transport system in the return air level roadway, and then transported to the filling face.

[0030] 4. This invention provides a dry return process for coal gangue in the main vertical shaft (see...). Figure 11 The main application condition is that the vertical shaft adopts "skip bidirectional transportation technology" (see Figure 12-14 ).

[0031] 4.1 Design Basis:

[0032] According to Article 3 of 8.1.9 of the "Code for Design of Coal Mine", "the main shaft hoisting equipment should have a spare capacity of 10% to 20%" (in practice, the spare capacity is often very large, sometimes 2 to 3 times higher).

[0033] The "skip bidirectional transport technology" utilizes the existing main shaft industrial site. Without altering the existing hoisting system, shaft frame, friction wheels, skips, wire ropes, main shaft house, shaft casing, and underground coal loading chambers (including the main shaft bottom coal bunker and coal weighing and metering hoppers), only two additional gangue weighing and metering hoppers (located at the shaft entrance), one gangue chute storage bin (located underground), and a pair of curved tracks are required. Calculations show that this technology is beneficial to the hoisting equipment. The result is a doubling of production efficiency with minimal time cost, enabling the return and storage of coal gangue to the shaft.

[0034] The key to adopting the main shaft gangue return technology is that the return transportation of coal gangue must not affect the normal production of coal hoisting in the main shaft, and the amount of coal gangue returned using this technology is less than the mine's hoisting surplus (see Table 3). This demonstrates that the "skip bidirectional transportation technology" can be fully applied to the return transportation and backfilling of coal gangue in the main shaft.

[0035] 4.2 The "Four Simultaneous Operations Method"

[0036] The key to "skip bidirectional transport technology" lies in the four simultaneous operation methods of skip loading and unloading: simultaneous arrival, simultaneous unloading, simultaneous loading, and simultaneous operation. This technology can double transport efficiency with minimal time investment (coal lifting uphill, gangue discharge downhill). This method is suitable for both retrofitted and newly built mines with significant hoisting capacity and bottom-discharge skips. Combining it with "double belt conveyor technology" and "underground horizontal assembled gangue storage technology" represents the most economical technology for returning coal gangue to the mine.

[0037] 4.3 Description of the coal and gangue return route in the main shaft:

[0038] Coal gangue produced by the coal preparation plant is transported by belt conveyor to the gangue buffer silo in the main shaft industrial area. A quantitative feeder below the buffer silo feeds the gangue onto the surface return gangue belt conveyor, which then transfers it to the gangue weighing hopper. When skip A reaches the shaft opening, its gate opens to unload coal, then closes. The gangue weighing hopper loads gangue, then closes its gate. The hoist lowers skip A. When skip A reaches the underground position, its gate opens to unload gangue, then closes. The coal weighing hopper loads coal, then closes its gate, completing one work cycle. During this operation, skips A and B operate simultaneously, following the four simultaneous operation methods (see...). Figure 10 The gangue is unloaded into the gangue storage bin at the ore pass (the ore pass and the gangue storage bin are combined). The transfer chamber II below the gangue storage bin at the ore pass is connected to the transport gate (see...). Figure 14 The waste rock is transferred via the main transport roadway and the uphill transport roadway to an underground horizontal assembled gangue storage unit for storage (see...). Figure 11 ).

[0039] The underground horizontal assembled gangue storage unit is located between the transport roadway and the return airway of the fully mechanized mining face. This is highly beneficial for coal production and gangue backfilling, avoiding mutual interference. Once backfilling begins, the gangue conveyor under the underground horizontal assembled gangue storage unit is activated to transfer the gangue to the backfilling transport system until the backfilling work is completed.

[0040] 4.4 Several issues that need to be explained:

[0041] (1) Currently, there are two methods for returning coal gangue to the shaft in vertical shafts. One method is to use a vertical coal gangue delivery system + underground gangue bin technology. This technology allows for continuous delivery, high efficiency, low operating costs, and easy management. However, once built, it cannot be changed (the filling face is dynamic). It has high requirements for the delivery pipe and the particle size of the gangue (large particle size is prone to wear and blockage of the delivery pipe, and replacement and treatment after pipe wear or blockage are very difficult). The initial investment is high, and it is suitable for newly built mines and fully mining and fully filling working faces.

[0042] The second method utilizes the existing hoisting system of the main shaft. Without altering the hoisting system and shaft equipment, it taps into the hoisting potential of the main shaft by employing "skip bidirectional transport technology," where coal is hoisted upwards and gangue is returned downwards. This doubles transport efficiency with minimal time investment. This method is suitable for mines with significant hoisting capacity and bottom-discharge skips undergoing retrofitting. Combining this with dual belt conveyor technology is the most economical method for returning coal and gangue to the shaft.

[0043] (2) The vertical coal gangue delivery system is an independent production system that does not affect the main shaft during construction and production, which is its main advantage. All facilities and equipment on this industrial site need to be newly built. In the "vertical shaft skip bidirectional transport technology," it is carried out on the main shaft industrial site, and all facilities and equipment can be shared with the coal mine. However, it still has some impact on the main shaft during construction and production, which is its main disadvantage.

[0044] (3) Before selecting the "skip bidirectional transport technology", it should be clarified that: coal and coal gangue have different specific gravities. If the skip remains unchanged when using the skip bidirectional transport technology, the amount of gangue dropped is insufficient to fill the entire goaf. That is, the amount of gangue returned to the well is less than or equal to the amount of coal lifted. The filling can only achieve partial filling of the entire mining area and dispose of the produced gangue.

[0045] (4) The “skip bidirectional transport technology” has no impact on the original coal mining, tunneling, ventilation, power supply and drainage systems of the coal mine, but a new “gangue transport and filling system” needs to be added.

[0046] This invention provides a dry coal gangue return process for a main vertical shaft, utilizing existing roadways along the coal transport route for dual-mode transport. These existing roadways include a transport level roadway, a return air level roadway, a transport incline, a transport main roadway, a transport gate, the main shaft bottom coal bunker, and the main shaft itself. The transport level roadway and return air level roadway are connected via the transport incline, which in turn connects to the transport main roadway. The transport main roadway connects to the transport gate, which in turn connects to the main shaft bottom coal bunker. The main shaft is also connected to other main shaft bottom coal bunkers. The main shaft employs a skip-type bidirectional transport system. A gangue buffer is constructed at a suitable location within the shaft's industrial area. In the coal receiving bunker and gangue buffer bunker, a surface-mounted gangue return belt conveyor is installed. This conveyor extends to the conveyor trestle, with its head chute aligned with the gangue weighing hopper to deliver gangue. A steel conveyor trestle is constructed outside the surface coal receiving bunker, and the gangue weighing hopper is mounted on its supports. The hopper connects to the shaft shaft through the space of the shaft frame. A gangue unloading chamber (using a segmented construction method) is built below the underground coal loading chamber, and a gangue chute is constructed below the unloading chamber for storage. Below the ore silo, a transfer chamber II is constructed, connecting to the transport gate. A flat gate is installed between the ore silo and transfer chamber II. A transfer conveyor is installed in transfer chamber II. An unloading chute is constructed, passing through the unloading chamber and the shaft wall (the wall is reinforced), with its bottom end connecting to the top of the ore silo. Double-frame conveyors are installed in the transport uphill, transport main roadway, and transport gate, connecting the transport level roadway and transport main roadway. A return ore conveyor belt is installed on the upper layer of the double-frame conveyor, and a coal transport conveyor belt is installed on the lower layer. Downhole horizontal assembled gangue storage devices are arranged in the transport uphill sections of the tunnel and return airway. The gangue in the gangue buffer bin is unloaded from the head chute of the return gangue belt conveyor above ground into the gangue weighing and metering hopper, and then unloaded from the gangue weighing and metering hopper into the gangue carrying skip in the vertical shaft. The gangue carrying skip is transported to the unloading chute, and from the unloading chute to the gangue storage bin in the ore pass, and then to the underground transfer machine in transfer chamber II. The underground transfer machine is transferred to the return gangue transport belt conveyor in the transport stone gate, and then transferred along the transport main roadway and transport uphill to the underground horizontal assembled gangue storage devices.

[0047] 5. The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] 5.1 Coal gangue is returned via the original route. Following the existing coal transportation route of the mine, the coal conveyor roadway is fully utilized. A double frame is used to transport the coal gangue produced in the mine back underground for filling and sealing, which can dispose of all the coal gangue produced.

[0049] 5.2 The gangue returned to the well is transported dry and does not require secondary processing (the selected gangue particle size is less than 50 mm). Compared with wet transport, it does not require secondary processing and does not require the addition of any ingredients (cement, fly ash, water, etc.).

[0050] 5.3 It makes full use of the vertical space of the coal conveyor belt corridor and roadway to achieve coal and gangue separation, which can completely solve the pollution of the ground environment by coal gangue and reduce ground subsidence to a certain extent.

[0051] 5.4 This technology completely solves the problems of coal gangue polluting the surface environment, high processing costs, and interference with coal production when returned to the mine. It is currently the most economical coal gangue treatment and underground storage technology. Attached Figure Description

[0052] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0053] Figure 1 General layout of dry coal gangue return process;

[0054] Figure 2 The cross-sectional view of the duplex rack along the tunnel (with consistent upper and lower bandwidth);

[0055] Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of the duplex rack along the tunnel (the upper and lower bandwidths are inconsistent);

[0056] Figure 4 This is a layout diagram of the mining and filling face;

[0057] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0058] Figure 6 Overall layout diagram of the dry coal and gangue return process in the main inclined shaft;

[0059] Figure 7 Diagram showing the staggered arrangement of gangue return to the main inclined shaft wellhead room;

[0060] Figure 8 Layout diagram of transfer chamber I between the main inclined shaft and the connecting tunnel;

[0061] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0062] Figure 10 Layout diagram of the upper part of the machine head chamber at the bottom of the main inclined shaft coal bunker;

[0063] Figure 11 Overall layout diagram of the dry return process for coal gangue transport via skip in both directions at the main shaft.

[0064] Figure 12 A wellhead layout diagram for the dry return process of coal gangue transported in both directions using a skip in the main shaft.

[0065] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A cross-sectional view along the CC direction;

[0066] Figure 14 A diagram showing the bottom layout of the dry return coal gangue transport process using a skip bucket in the main shaft.

[0067] Figure 15 Analysis of coal hoisting time in the dry return coal and gangue transportation process using a skip in the main shaft;

[0068] Figure 16 Analysis diagram of bidirectional transportation time in the dry return process of coal gangue using skip in the main shaft.

[0069] Figure 1-14 Chinese icons: 1-Main inclined shaft shaft opening, 2-Shaft opening transfer machine, 3-Main inclined shaft, 4-Roadway centerline, 5-Transport uphill, 6-Double frame, 7-Return coal transport belt conveyor, 7.1-Return coal transport belt conveyor head chute, 8-Coal transport belt conveyor, 9-Coal bunker head chamber at the bottom of the shaft, 10-Ventilation or pedestrian connecting roadway, 11-Transfer chamber I, 12-Connecting roadway transfer machine, 13- 14-Underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device; 15-Transportation level roadway; 16-Coal preparation plant conveyor; 17-Main transport roadway; 18-Transportation stone gate; 19-Transportation level roadway transfer machine; 20-Transportation level roadway coal belt conveyor; 21-Main inclined shaft bottom coal bunker; 22-Filling belt conveyor; 23-Filling transfer machine; 24-Maintenance track; 25-Vertical shaft; 26-Skip; 27- 28-Shaft headframe, 29-Surface coal receiving bunker, 30-Surface coal feeder, 31-Surface coal belt conveyor, 32-Main shaft bottom coal bunker, 33-Underground coal loading chamber, 34-Underground coal feeder, 35-Underground coal belt conveyor, 36-Coal weighing and metering hopper, 37-Belt conveyor trestle, 38-Surface gangue return belt conveyor, 39-Belt conveyor trestle support, 40-Gangue 41-Stone weighing and metering hopper; 42-Stone unloading chamber; 43-Stone storage bin in ore pass; 44-Transfer chamber II; 45-Transfer machine under bin; 46-Stone unloading chute; 47-Friction wheel; 48-Crane; 49-Flat gate; 50-Longwall mining face; 51-Filling face; 52-Overlapping chamber; 53-Center line of coal conveying scraper conveyor; 54-Center line of filling multi-hole bottom discharge scraper conveyor;

[0070] Figure 15In the middle of the chart: t1 - skip loading time, t2 - skip running time in the shaft, t3 - skip unloading time, θ - pause time between two hoists, T1 - first hoist time, T - total first hoist time;

[0071] Figure 16 In the middle of the chart: t1 - skip unloading coal time, t2 - skip loading gangue time, t3 - skip running time in the shaft, t4 - skip unloading gangue time, t5 - skip loading coal time, θ - pause time between two hoists, T1 - first hoist time, T - total first hoist time. Detailed Implementation

[0072] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0073] Example 1

[0074] This embodiment provides a dry return process for coal gangue in a main inclined shaft, which utilizes existing roadways in the coal transport route to implement a double transport system. The existing roadways in the coal transport route include a transport level roadway 15, a return air level roadway 13, a transport uphill roadway 5, a transport main roadway 17, a coal bunker 21 at the bottom of the main inclined shaft, the main inclined shaft 3, and a ventilation or pedestrian connecting roadway 10. The transport level roadway 15 and the return air level roadway 13 are connected by the transport uphill roadway 5, which is connected to the transport main roadway 17. The transport main roadway 17 is connected to the upper head chamber 9 of the coal bunker at the bottom of the shaft. The upper head chamber 9 of the coal bunker at the bottom of the shaft and the main inclined shaft 3 are connected by the ventilation or pedestrian connecting roadway 10. The main inclined shaft 3 is connected to the lower part of the coal bunker 21 at the bottom of the main inclined shaft.

[0075] A double-frame machine 6 is arranged in the transport uphill 5, transport uphill 5, transport uphill 17, and main inclined shaft 3, which connect transport level roadway 15 and transport main roadway 17. A return coal conveyor belt 7 is arranged on the upper layer of the double-frame machine 6, and a coal conveyor belt 8 is arranged on the lower layer of the double-frame machine 6. A shaft transfer machine 2 is arranged in the shaft house 1 of the main inclined shaft, and the shaft transfer machine 2 is staggered with the double-frame machine 6. A transfer chamber I 11 is arranged at the junction of the main inclined shaft 3 and the ventilation or pedestrian connecting roadway 10. The part of the transfer chamber I 11 with insufficient height is partially topped, expanded, and bottomed according to process requirements. A connecting roadway transfer machine 12 is arranged in the bottomed trench. A machine head chute 7.1 for entering transfer chamber I 11 is arranged on the return coal conveyor belt 7 in the main inclined shaft 3. An underground horizontal assembled coal storage device 14 is arranged in the transport uphill 5, which connects transport level roadway 15 and return air level roadway 13.

[0076] The coal transport route is as follows: the coal transported by the coal transport mechanism (including the coal transfer machine 19 and the coal belt conveyor 20 in the transport level roadway 15) is transported sequentially to the coal transport belt conveyor 8 in the transport uphill roadway 5 and the coal transport belt conveyor 8 in the main roadway 17, and then transported to the coal bunker 21 at the bottom of the main inclined shaft from the lower part of the coal bunker 21 along the main inclined shaft 3 to the surface.

[0077] The route for returning gangue from the surface to the shaft is as follows: surface transportation system (using the existing corridor) — main inclined shaft 3 (using the existing one) — ventilation or pedestrian connecting roadway 10 (requiring the addition of a connecting roadway transfer machine 12) — main transportation roadway 17 (using the existing one) — transport uphill 5 (using the existing one) — underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device 14 — return airway 13 (using the existing one) — filling working face 51. Specifically, the gangue transported from the surface transportation system is transferred by the shaft head transfer machine 2 to the return gangue conveyor 7 in the main inclined shaft 3, and unloaded through the head chute 7.1 onto the connecting roadway transfer machine 12. The connecting roadway transfer machine 12 transfers the gangue to the return gangue conveyor 7 in the main transportation roadway 17, and then along the main transportation roadway 17 and the return gangue conveyor 7 in the transport uphill 5 to the underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device 14.

[0078] When backfilling work is carried out, the gangue stored in the underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device 14 is unloaded onto the backfilling transportation system (including backfilling belt conveyor 22 and backfilling transfer machine 23) in the return airway 13, and then transported to the backfilling face.

[0079] Furthermore, the duplex frame 6 is arranged on one side of the roadway, and the maintenance track 24 is arranged on the other side of the roadway. The inspection robot is arranged on the maintenance track 24. The inspection robot uses mobile camera technology to inspect the return gangue conveyor belt 7 and the coal conveyor belt 8, and uploads the inspection results to the dispatch room.

[0080] Furthermore, the idlers of the coal conveying belt conveyor 8 and the idlers of the return coal conveying belt conveyor 7 are staggered to avoid the resonance zone and prevent resonance phenomena; the shaft transfer machine 2 and the connecting roadway transfer machine 12 are belt conveyors.

[0081] Furthermore, the construction of transfer chamber I11 was carried out by lifting the head of the return shaft conveyor belt 7 and lifting the tail of the transfer machine 12 in the connecting roadway.

[0082] To address the two major challenges of cost reduction and production disruption in coal gangue return technology, the following measures are taken.

[0083] 1. Regarding equipment

[0084] (1) Belt conveyors are the most economical way to transport bulk solid materials over short distances, as has been proven in coal mine practice.

[0085] (2) The belt conveyor route for transporting coal must be the most reasonable transportation route, which is the result of the demonstration in the coal mine design.

[0086] (3) This embodiment adopts the "original route return method". A modified return coal conveying belt conveyor 7 is added to the frame of the coal conveying belt conveyor 8 to form a compound frame 6. The foundation, other equipment components, and equipment area remain unchanged. Only the frame of the return coal conveying belt conveyor 7 needs to be raised. The advantage of this is that the belt conveyor corridor and roadway are fully utilized, and there is less interference with the coal conveying belt conveyor during the modification, which greatly reduces the construction investment.

[0087] (4) This embodiment adopts "skip bidirectional transportation technology", which utilizes the existing main shaft hoisting system and shaft equipment to tap the transportation potential of the main shaft and achieve double the hoisting efficiency with very little time cost.

[0088] 2. In terms of mine construction

[0089] In terms of reducing the overlap height, this embodiment adopts a segmented method for the transfer chamber I11: the head of the return shaft conveyor belt 7 is raised, and the tail of the transfer machine 12 in the connecting roadway is raised, which greatly reduces the overlap height. For the part with insufficient height, the top is raised, the bottom is raised locally according to the process requirements. The segmented method can greatly reduce the overlap height, greatly reduce the amount of construction and mining engineering, reduce construction investment, and minimize production interference.

[0090] 3. Reduce interference with coal production

[0091] (1) In the main inclined shaft production, the coal transportation route is upward transportation and the gangue transportation route is downward transportation. The coal transportation belt conveyor 8 and the gangue return belt conveyor 7 are staggered at the loading point and arranged in sections at the overlapping and unloading points.

[0092] (2) In the bidirectional transport of the vertical shaft skip, the lower part of the skip is unloaded and the upper part is loaded. The gate is controlled by the hoist software. Loading, running and unloading are each systems and are independent of each other.

[0093] (3) The idlers of the coal conveying belt conveyor 8 and the idlers of the return coal conveying belt conveyor 7 are staggered to avoid the resonance zone and prevent resonance.

[0094] (4) Since the coal conveyor belt 8 and the gangue return conveyor belt 7 are two independent systems, they can be loaded, unloaded, operated and maintained simultaneously (using maintenance robot technology) without causing mutual interference.

[0095] (5) Mobile camera technology is used for safety inspection of coal conveyor belt 8 and gangue conveyor belt 7. The two machines can use one set of mobile cameras to upload the inspection results to the dispatch room, providing technical support for maintenance (such as location, maintenance object, etc.). The inspection robot can simultaneously maintain the two machines with the maintenance railcar, reducing the number of inspection and maintenance personnel and equipment.

[0096] (6) The duplex frame 6 adopts plug-in idlers. The telescopic arm of the inspection robot can easily replace the idlers, reducing the labor intensity of workers and making the safety higher.

[0097] (7) The underground horizontal assembly gangue storage device 14 is adopted. It can be reused according to the location of the filling area, which reduces costs. It can be assembled in real time and the transportation route can be adjusted to coordinate the transportation and filling work and reduce interference.

[0098] The above measures can minimize the cost of coal gangue returning to the mine and ensure that coal production and gangue backfilling do not interfere with each other.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] This embodiment provides a dry return coal gangue process for a main vertical shaft. It utilizes existing roadways along the coal transport route for compound transport. These existing roadways include a transport level roadway 15, a return air level roadway 13, a transport uphill roadway 5, a transport main roadway 17, a transport stone gate 18, a main shaft bottom coal bunker 32, and the main shaft. Transport level roadway 15 and return air level roadway 13 are connected via transport uphill roadway 5, which in turn connects to transport main roadway 17. Transport main roadway 17 connects to transport stone gate 18, which in turn connects to the main shaft bottom coal bunker 32. The main shaft is also connected to the main shaft bottom coal bunker 32. An industrial site for gangue delivery is selected, and a continuous [transportation system / facilities] are arranged within the industrial site. A vertical gangue delivery shaft is installed at the surface and underground, and a gangue transfer and buffer system is arranged to deliver gangue from the vertical gangue delivery shaft to the transport gate; (the vertical gangue delivery shaft and the gangue transfer and buffer system are existing technologies); a double frame 6 is arranged in the transport uphill 5, the transport main roadway 15 and the transport gate 18. A return gangue transport belt conveyor 7 is arranged on the upper layer of the double frame 6, and a coal transport belt conveyor 8 is arranged on the lower layer of the double frame 6. The gangue in the gangue transfer and buffer system is transferred along the transport main roadway 17 and the return gangue transport belt conveyor 7 of the transport uphill 5 to the filling transport system in the return air level roadway 13, and then transported to the filling face.

[0101] Main shaft gangue feeding shaft return route: Surface transportation system (newly built) — Gangue vertical feeding shaft (newly built) — Underground gangue buffer silo (newly built) — Transportation main roadway 17 (using existing) — Transportation uphill 5 (using existing) — Return air level roadway 13 (using existing) — Filling working face 51.

[0102] Example 3

[0103] This embodiment provides a dry return system for coal gangue in a main shaft, including a skip bidirectional transport system and an underground combined transport system.

[0104] The skip bidirectional transport system includes a hoist, shaft 25, skip 26, shaft headframe 27, shaft headhouse 28, surface coal receiving bunker 29, surface coal feeder 30, surface coal belt conveyor 31, main shaft bottom coal bunker 32, underground coal loading chamber 33, underground coal feeder 34, underground coal belt conveyor 35, coal weighing and metering hopper 36, gangue buffer bin, belt conveyor trestle 37, surface return gangue belt conveyor 38, belt conveyor trestle support 39, gangue weighing and metering hopper 40, gangue unloading chamber 41, ore chute storage bin 42, transfer chamber II 43, bin transfer machine 44, and gangue unloading chute 45. A crane 48 is installed inside the shaft headhouse 28.

[0105] A coal unloading chute 46 is installed on the wall of the vertical shaft 25; two skips 26 are installed inside the vertical shaft 25; a vertical shaft headframe 27 is arranged around the vertical shaft 25, and friction wheels 47 are installed on the vertical shaft headframe 27; a vertical shaft opening house 28 and a surface coal receiving bunker 29 are located on both sides of the vertical shaft 25; the wire rope on the hoist passes around the friction wheels 47 and connects to the skips 26; the surface coal receiving bunker 29 is located below the coal unloading chute 46; surface coal feeding... The coal feeder 30 is located below the surface coal receiving bunker 29, with its chute facing the surface coal belt conveyor 31. The underground coal loading chamber 33 is located below the main shaft bottom coal bunker 32 and is connected to the shaft 25. The underground coal feeder 34, underground coal belt conveyor 35, and coal weighing and metering hopper 36 are all installed in the underground coal loading chamber 33. The underground coal feeder 34 is located below the main shaft bottom coal bunker 32, with its chute facing... An underground coal belt conveyor 35; the head chute of the underground coal belt conveyor 35 is aligned with the coal weighing and metering hopper 36; a belt conveyor trestle 37 is located outside the surface coal receiving bunker 29; a gangue weighing and metering hopper 40 is located on the belt conveyor trestle 37, passing through the wall of the vertical shaft 25; a surface gangue return belt conveyor 38 extends from the gangue buffer bunker to the belt conveyor trestle 37, with its head chute aligned with the gangue weighing and metering hopper 40; a gangue unloading chamber 41. Located below the underground coal loading chamber 33, the ore pass storage bin 42 is located below the unloading bin 41; the transfer chamber II 43 is located below the ore pass storage bin 42, connected to the transport gate 18, and a flat gate 49 is installed between it and the ore pass storage bin 42; the underground transfer machine 44 is installed in the transfer chamber II 43; the unloading chute 45 passes through the walls of the unloading chamber 41 and the vertical shaft 25, and its bottom end connects to the top of the ore pass storage bin 42.

[0106] The underground double-transport system includes a double-transport machine and an underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device 14; the double-transport machine includes a double frame 6, a return gangue conveyor belt 7 set on the upper layer of the double frame 6, and a coal conveyor belt 8 set on the lower layer of the double frame 6; the double-transport machine is installed in the transport uphill 5, the transport main roadway 17, and the transport stone gate 18 connecting the transport level roadway 15 and the transport main roadway 15; the underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device 14 is installed in the transport uphill 5 connecting the transport level roadway 15 and the return air level roadway 13.

[0107] The coal transportation route is as follows: the coal transported by the coal transport mechanism in the horizontal transport roadway 4 is successively transported to the transport gate 18 via the coal transport belt conveyor 8 in the uphill transport roadway 5 and the coal transport belt conveyor 8 in the main transport roadway 17, and then transferred to the coal bunker 32 at the bottom of the vertical shaft by the coal transport mechanism in the transport gate 18.

[0108] The route for bidirectional transport of gangue from the main shaft skip is as follows: Surface transport system — Gangue buffer silo in the industrial square of the shaft (newly built) — Main shaft (using the existing one) — Gangue storage silo 42 (newly built) — Transfer chamber II 43 (newly built) — Transport stone gate 18 (using the existing one) — Transport main roadway 17 (using the existing one) — Transport uphill 5 (using the existing one) — Underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device 14 — Return airway 13 (using the existing one) — Filling working face 51. Specifically, the gangue in the gangue buffer bin is unloaded from the head chute of the gangue return conveyor belt 38 above ground into the gangue weighing and metering hopper 40, and then unloaded from the gangue weighing and metering hopper 40 into the gangue carrying skip in the vertical shaft 25. The gangue carrying skip is transported to the unloading chute 45, and from the unloading chute 45 it flows to the gangue storage bin 42 in the ore pass, and then flows to the transfer machine 44 in the transfer chamber II 43. The transfer machine 44 transfers the gangue to the return gangue conveyor belt 7 in the transport tunnel 18, and then along the transport roadway 17 and the transport uphill 5 to the underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device 14.

[0109] Of the two buckets, the bucket for carrying gangue and the bucket for carrying coal are named according to the type of contents, and are not fixed. For example, when bucket A is filled with gangue, it is called a bucket for carrying gangue, and when bucket B is filled with coal, it is called a bucket for carrying coal. Conversely, when bucket A is filled with coal, it is called a bucket for carrying coal, and when bucket B is filled with gangue, it is called a bucket for carrying gangue.

[0110] When backfilling work is carried out, the gangue stored in the underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device 14 is unloaded onto the backfilling transportation system in the return airway 13 and then transported to the backfilling face.

[0111] Example 4

[0112] This embodiment provides a dry coal gangue return process for the main vertical shaft, utilizing existing roadways along the coal transport route for compound transport. These existing roadways include a transport level roadway 15, a return air level roadway 13, a transport uphill roadway 5, a main transport roadway 17, a transport gate 18, the main shaft bottom coal bunker 32, and the main vertical shaft itself. Transport level roadway 15 and return air level roadway 13 are connected via transport uphill roadway 5, which in turn connects to main transport roadway 17. Main transport roadway 17 connects to transport gate 18, and transport gate 18 connects to the main vertical shaft. The coal bunker 32 at the bottom of the shaft is connected to the main vertical shaft, which also connects to the coal bunker 32 at the bottom of the main vertical shaft. The main vertical shaft adopts a skip-type bidirectional transportation system. A conveyor belt bridge 37 is built outside the coal receiving bunker 29 above ground. A gangue weighing and metering hopper 40 is arranged on the conveyor belt bridge 37, and the gangue weighing and metering hopper 40 passes through the wall of the shaft 25. A gangue buffer silo is built in the industrial area of ​​the vertical shaft. A gangue return conveyor belt 38 is arranged below the gangue buffer silo, extending the gangue return conveyor belt 38 to the conveyor belt bridge 37. Align the head chute of the surface gangue conveyor belt 38 with the gangue weighing and metering hopper 40; construct a gangue unloading chamber 41 below the underground coal loading chamber 33, construct a gangue chute storage bin 42 below the gangue chute storage bin 41, construct a transfer chamber II 43 below the gangue chute storage bin 42 connecting to the transport gate 18, install a flat gate 49 between the gangue chute storage bin 42 and the transfer chamber II 43, arrange an under-bin transfer machine 44 in the transfer chamber II 43; construct a gangue unloading chute 45, the gangue unloading chute 45 passes through... The bottom end of the wall of the unloading gangue chamber 41 and the vertical shaft 25 is connected to the top end of the gangue storage bin 42 in the chute; a double frame 6 is arranged in the transport uphill 5, the transport uphill 17 and the transport gate 18 connecting the transport level roadway 15 and the transport main roadway 17, the upper layer of the double frame 6 is arranged with the return gangue conveyor belt 7, and the lower layer of the double frame 6 is arranged with the coal transport conveyor belt 8; an underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device 14 is arranged in the transport uphill 5 connecting the transport level roadway 15 and the return air level roadway 13.

[0113] Furthermore, such as Figure 16 As shown, the two-way skip transport system is controlled by two skips 26 on one rope following the four simultaneous operation method: the two skips 26 are simultaneously positioned above and below ground, the gangue underground and the coal above ground are simultaneously unloaded (gangue unloading underground, coal unloading above ground) t1=t4, the coal underground and the gangue above ground are simultaneously loaded (coal loading underground, gangue loading above ground) t2=t5, and the two sides of the skips operate simultaneously. It can be concluded that the two-way skip transport time only increases the gangue loading and unloading time (t2, t4) compared to the one-way transport time, but the hoisting efficiency is doubled.

[0114] The loading and unloading process of the skip 26 is shown in the table below.

[0115]

[0116] Notes: 1. Two pairs of curved track devices need to be added underground; 2. Only steps 4, 5, 6, and 7 need to be added to the hoist control program; 3. The skip should follow the four simultaneous working procedures.

[0117] Furthermore, the duplex frame 6 is arranged on one side of the roadway, and the maintenance track 24 is arranged on the other side of the roadway. An inspection robot is arranged on the maintenance track 24. The inspection robot uses mobile camera technology to inspect the return coal conveyor belt 7 and the coal conveyor belt 8, and uploads the inspection results to the dispatch room. The dispatch room controls whether the inspection robot performs maintenance on the return coal conveyor belt 7 and the coal conveyor belt 8 based on the inspection results.

[0118] To address the two major challenges of reducing costs and minimizing production disruptions in coal gangue return technology, the following measures are taken.

[0119] 1. In terms of mine construction

[0120] (1) Make full use of the existing main shaft facilities and equipment (using vertical shaft skip bidirectional transportation technology) to fully tap the hoisting potential and double the hoisting efficiency with minimal time cost.

[0121] (2) In the bidirectional transportation technology of vertical shaft skip, the use of a combined chute and storage bin technology can reduce the investment in underground gangue bins.

[0122] 2. Reduce interference with coal production

[0123] (1) During the hoisting of the main shaft, the skips move up and down simultaneously (coal on top, gangue on bottom) and transport in opposite directions. After the skips are in place, they are fixed in place. The opening and closing technology of the control gate is adopted. After unloading at the bottom of the skip, loading is carried out at the top. The skips are staggered and the loading and unloading systems are independent of each other. Only measures need to be taken on the hoist control, so there will be no interference with production.

[0124] (2) Mobile camera technology is used to conduct safety inspections of the coal conveyor belt 8 and the gangue conveyor belt 7. The two machines can use one set of mobile cameras for inspection. The inspection results are uploaded to the dispatch room to provide technical support for maintenance (such as location, maintenance objects, etc.). The inspection robot can simultaneously maintain the two machines with the maintenance railcar, reducing the number of inspection and maintenance personnel and equipment.

[0125] (3) The underground horizontal assembly gangue storage device 1 is adopted. It can be reused according to the location of the filling area, which reduces costs. It can be assembled in real time and the transportation route can be adjusted to coordinate the transportation and filling work and reduce interference.

[0126] Example 5

[0127] This embodiment conducts a feasibility and cost analysis on the two main shaft coal gangue return processes provided in Embodiments 2 and 4.

[0128] 1. Feasibility Analysis

[0129] The process described in Example 2 uses vertical coal gangue delivery technology combined with underground gangue bin technology. This technology provides continuous delivery, high efficiency, low operating costs, and easy management. However, once built, it cannot be changed (the filling face is dynamic). It places high demands on the delivery pipes and requires specific gangue particle size (large particles are prone to wear and blockage of the delivery pipes, and replacement and treatment after pipe wear or blockage are very difficult). The initial investment is high (see Tables 1 and 2). It is suitable for both newly built and existing mines.

[0130] The process described in Example 4 utilizes the existing hoisting system of the main shaft to tap its hoisting potential without altering the system or equipment. It employs a skip bidirectional transport technology, hoisting coal upwards and returning gangue downwards, incurring minimal time costs (see Table 3) and doubling transport efficiency. This method is suitable for mines with significant hoisting capacity and bottom-discharge skips, and combining it with a double belt conveyor is the most economical method for returning coal and gangue to the shaft.

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] Conclusion: The location of the vertical gangue delivery shaft is crucial. It is far from the main and auxiliary shaft industrial sites, forming an independent gangue return and backfilling production system. Its main advantage is that it has no impact on the main shaft during construction and production. However, all facilities and equipment on this industrial site need to be newly built. In contrast, the vertical shaft skip bidirectional transport technology is carried out on the main shaft industrial site, and all facilities and equipment can be shared with the coal mine. However, it inevitably has some impact on the main shaft during construction and production, which is its main disadvantage.

[0134] Tables 1 and 2 show the advantages of each technical solution. When designing gangue return and backfilling, the choice should be made based on the actual situation.

[0135] The main shaft is the "throat" of the coal mine production system, directly affecting the mine's production efficiency and economic operation. To return coal gangue produced by the coal preparation plant to the mine, the system needs to add skip loading equipment at the shaft entrance and skip unloading facilities underground, both requiring downtime. According to Article 8.1.9, Section 3 of the "Coal Industry Mine Design Code," which stipulates that "the main shaft hoisting equipment should have a 10% to 20% spare capacity" (in practice, this spare capacity is often much larger, sometimes 2 to 3 times higher), the premise of adopting the vertical shaft skip bidirectional transportation technology is that it should not affect the normal production of coal hoisting. It must be based on the concept that protecting the environment is also about improving the economic efficiency of the coal mine, and there must be a sense of social and ecological responsibility to squeeze out time for coal gangue return from the spare capacity.

[0136]

[0137] Note: 1. The proportion of coal gangue in raw coal is calculated to be an average of 15%.

[0138] 2. The loading and unloading time of the skip is calculated at 1 second / t according to the "Code for Design of Coal Mines".

[0139] 3. The work schedule is calculated as 330 days / year, 18 hours / day.

[0140] Conclusion: As can be seen from the table, the daily loading and unloading time of coal gangue does not exceed 1 hour, which is less than 10% to 20% of the mine's reserved spare hoisting capacity. Therefore, the coal gangue skip hoisting technology is feasible in terms of time.

[0141] Before selecting skip bidirectional transport technology, it is necessary to clarify that: coal and coal gangue have different specific gravities. If the skip remains unchanged when using skip bidirectional transport technology, the amount of gangue dropped is insufficient to fill the entire goaf. That is, the amount of gangue returned to the shaft is less than or equal to the amount of coal lifted. The filling can only achieve partial filling of full mining and dispose of the produced gangue (see Tables 1 and 3).

[0142] 2. Cost Analysis

[0143] (1) Cost analysis and calculation

[0144] The method of backfilling coal gangue into the mine can be estimated by analogy (referring to the coal transportation route).

[0145] The main cost components of coal gangue return technology:

[0146] ①One-time equipment investment (transportation equipment + filling equipment)

[0147] ② Labor costs

[0148] ③ Machinery costs (electricity costs + maintenance costs)

[0149] Once the project is determined, the cost of the transportation equipment can be calculated by analogy with the coal transportation route using the "original route return method". In addition, the cost of backfilling can be added to roughly estimate the cost of returning coal gangue to the mine.

[0150]

[0151] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry return process for coal gangue in a main inclined shaft, characterized in that, The existing roadways of the coal transportation route are used to implement a double transportation system. The existing roadways of the coal transportation route include the transportation level roadway, the return air level roadway, the transportation uphill roadway, the transportation main roadway, the coal bunker at the bottom of the main inclined shaft, the main inclined shaft, and ventilation or pedestrian connecting roadways. The transportation level roadway and the return air level roadway are connected through the transportation uphill roadway, the transportation uphill roadway is connected to the transportation main roadway, the transportation main roadway is connected to the upper part of the machine head chamber of the coal bunker at the bottom of the shaft, the upper part of the machine head chamber of the coal bunker at the bottom of the shaft and the main inclined shaft are connected through ventilation or pedestrian connecting roadways, and the main inclined shaft is connected to the lower part of the coal bunker at the bottom of the main inclined shaft. A double-frame structure is arranged in the transport uphill, transport main roadway and main inclined shaft connecting the transport level roadway and the transport main roadway. The upper layer of the double-frame structure is arranged with a return coal transport belt conveyor, and the lower layer of the double-frame structure is arranged with a coal transport belt conveyor. A transfer machine is installed in the main inclined shaft wellhead room, and the transfer machine is staggered with the duplex frame. Transfer chamber I is arranged at the junction of the main inclined shaft and the ventilation or pedestrian connecting roadway. The part of transfer chamber I with insufficient height is partially topped, expanded and bottomed according to process requirements. The connecting roadway transfer machine is arranged in the bottomed trench. A head chute for entering transfer chamber I is arranged on the return coal conveyor belt in the main inclined shaft; A horizontally assembled gangue storage device is installed in the incline of the transport tunnel connecting the transport tunnel and the return air tunnel. The gangue transported from the surface transportation system is transferred by the shaft head transfer machine to the return gangue conveyor in the main inclined shaft. It is then unloaded through the head chute onto the connecting roadway transfer machine. The connecting roadway transfer machine transfers the gangue to the return gangue conveyor in the main transport roadway. It is then transferred along the main transport roadway and the return gangue conveyor in the uphill transport roadway to the underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device.

2. The dry return process for coal gangue in the main inclined shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The duplex frame is arranged on one side of the roadway, and the maintenance track is arranged on the other side of the roadway. Inspection robots are arranged on the maintenance track. The inspection robots use mobile camera technology to inspect the return coal conveyor belt and the coal conveyor belt, and upload the inspection results to the dispatch room. The dispatch room controls whether the inspection robots perform maintenance on the return coal conveyor belt and the coal conveyor belt based on the inspection results.

3. The dry return process for coal gangue in the main inclined shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that, The idlers of the coal conveyor belt and the idlers of the gangue return conveyor belt are arranged in a staggered manner. The transfer machine at the wellhead and the transfer machine in the connecting roadway are either belt conveyors or plate conveyors.

4. The dry return process for coal gangue in the main inclined shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of transfer chamber I was carried out by lifting the head of the return coal conveyor belt and raising the bottom of the transfer machine in the connecting roadway.

5. A dry return process for coal gangue in a main vertical shaft, characterized in that, The existing roadways of the coal transportation route are used to implement a double transportation system. The existing roadways of the coal transportation route include the transportation level roadway, the return air level roadway, the transportation uphill roadway, the transportation main roadway, the transportation stone gate, the main shaft bottom coal bunker, and the main shaft. The transportation level roadway and the return air level roadway are connected by the transportation uphill roadway, the transportation uphill roadway is connected to the transportation main roadway, the transportation main roadway is connected to the transportation stone gate, the transportation stone gate is connected to the main shaft bottom coal bunker, and the main shaft is connected to the main shaft bottom coal bunker. Select an industrial site for dumping gangue, arrange vertical gangue dumping wells connecting the surface and underground in the industrial site, and arrange a gangue transfer and buffer system to dump gangue from the vertical gangue dumping wells to the transport gate. Duplex frames are arranged in the transport uphill, transport main roadway, and transport gate. The upper layer of the duplex frames is equipped with a return coal conveyor belt, and the lower layer is equipped with a coal conveyor belt. The coal in the coal transfer buffer system is transferred along the transport gate, transport main roadway, and return coal conveyor belt of the transport uphill to the filling transport system in the return air level roadway, and then transported to the filling face.

6. A dry return process for coal gangue in a main vertical shaft, characterized in that, The existing roadways along the coal transport route are used for double-track transportation, and the main vertical shaft adopts a skip bidirectional transportation system. The existing roadways of the coal transportation route include the transport level roadway, return air level roadway, transport incline, transport main roadway, transport stone gate, main shaft bottom coal bunker and main shaft. The transport level roadway and return air level roadway are connected by the transport incline, which is connected to the transport main roadway, which is connected to the transport stone gate, which is connected to the main shaft bottom coal bunker, and the main shaft is connected to the main shaft bottom coal bunker. A conveyor belt trestle is built outside the coal receiving bunker above ground, and a gangue weighing and metering hopper is arranged on the conveyor belt trestle. The gangue weighing and metering hopper passes through the shaft frame and is connected to the shaft shaft. A gangue buffer silo is constructed at a site within the vertical shaft industrial park. A gangue return conveyor belt is installed in the gangue buffer silo. The gangue return conveyor belt is extended to the conveyor belt bridge, and the head chute of the gangue return conveyor belt is aligned with the gangue weighing and metering hopper, so that the gangue from the shaft can be transported into the gangue weighing and metering hopper and await loading. A gangue unloading chamber is built below the underground coal loading chamber. A gangue storage bin is built below the gangue unloading chamber. A transfer chamber II is built below the gangue storage bin to connect to the transport gate. A gate is installed between the gangue storage bin and the transfer chamber II. An underground transfer machine is arranged in the transfer chamber II. Construct a waste rock unloading chute that passes through the wall of the vertical shaft and connects its bottom end to the top of the waste rock storage bin in the chute. A double-frame conveyor is arranged in the transport uphill section connecting the transport level roadway and the transport main roadway. The upper layer of the double-frame conveyor is equipped with a return coal conveyor belt, and the lower layer of the double-frame conveyor belt is equipped with a coal conveyor belt. A horizontally assembled gangue storage device is installed in the incline of the transport tunnel connecting the transport tunnel and the return air tunnel. Gangue in the gangue buffer bin is unloaded from the head chute of the return gangue belt conveyor above ground into the gangue weighing and metering hopper, then loaded from the gangue weighing and metering hopper into the gangue carrying skip, and transported from the carrying skip to the unloading chute, from the unloading chute to the gangue storage bin in the ore pass, and then to the underground transfer machine in transfer chamber II, from the underground transfer machine to the return gangue belt conveyor in the transport tunnel, and then transported along the transport roadway and transport uphill to the underground horizontal assembled gangue storage device.

7. The dry return process for coal gangue in the main shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that, Control the skip bidirectional transport system so that the two skips arrive at their positions simultaneously above and below ground, unload gangue and coal simultaneously below ground, load coal and gangue simultaneously below ground, and operate bidirectionally both above and below ground simultaneously.

8. The dry return process for coal gangue in the main shaft according to claim 7, characterized in that, The duplex frame is arranged on one side of the roadway, and the maintenance track is arranged on the other side of the roadway. Inspection robots are arranged on the maintenance track. The inspection robots use mobile camera technology to inspect the return coal conveyor belt and the coal conveyor belt, and upload the inspection results to the dispatch room. The dispatch room controls whether the inspection robots perform maintenance on the return coal conveyor belt and the coal conveyor belt based on the inspection results.

9. The dry return process for coal gangue in the main shaft according to claim 7, characterized in that, The skip bidirectional transport system includes a hoist, a vertical shaft, skips, a vertical shaft headframe, a vertical shaft headhouse, a surface coal receiving bunker, a surface coal feeder, a surface coal belt conveyor, a main vertical shaft bottom coal bunker, an underground coal loading chamber, an underground coal feeder, an underground coal belt conveyor, and a coal weighing and metering hopper. The shaft wall is equipped with a coal unloading chute; The two skips are installed in the shaft of the vertical shaft; The shaft derrick is arranged around the shaft shaft, and friction wheels are installed on the shaft derrick. The shaft opening room and the coal receiving bunker above ground are located on both sides of the shaft. The wire rope on the hoist passes around the friction wheel and connects to the skip. The coal receiving bunker above ground is located below the coal unloading chute; The surface coal feeder is located below the surface coal receiving bunker, and the feeder chute faces the surface coal belt conveyor. The underground coal loading chamber is located below the coal bunker at the bottom of the main vertical shaft and is connected to the shaft. The underground coal feeder, underground coal belt conveyor, and coal weighing and metering hopper are all installed in the underground coal loading chamber; The underground coal feeder is located below the coal bunker at the bottom of the main vertical shaft, and the coal feeder chute faces the underground coal belt conveyor. The head chute of the underground coal belt conveyor is aligned with the coal weighing and metering hopper. The skip bidirectional transport system also includes a gangue buffer bin, a surface gangue return belt conveyor, a belt conveyor trestle, a gangue weighing and metering bin, a gangue unloading chamber, a chute gangue storage bin, a transfer chamber II, an under-bin transfer machine, and a gangue unloading chute. The conveyor belt trestle is located outside the coal receiving bunker above ground. The gangue weighing and metering hopper is installed on the conveyor belt trestle and connects to the shaft shaft through the shaft frame; The wellhead return conveyor belt extends from the gangue buffer bin to the conveyor belt bridge, with the machine head chute aligned with the gangue weighing and metering hopper; The unloading chamber is located below the underground coal loading chamber, and the ore pass storage bin is located below the unloading chamber. The transfer chamber II is located below the ore chute storage bin, is connected to the transport stone gate, and a gate is installed between it and the ore chute storage bin; The under-warehouse transfer machine is installed in transfer chamber II; The unloading chute passes through the wall of the vertical shaft and its bottom end connects to the top of the chute storage bin.

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