Nozzle structure and burner for mixing multiple reaction components

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of combustion technology, and discloses a nozzle structure and a burner for mixing multiple reactive components, wherein the nozzle structure comprises: a nozzle channel, a first inlet is provided at the first end of the nozzle channel, a second inlet is provided at the second end of the nozzle channel, the first inlet is located upstream of the second inlet, the first inlet is used to pass a first component, and the second inlet is used to pass a second component, wherein the density of the second component is greater than the density of the first component. The nozzle structure and the burner for mixing multiple reactive components provided by the present invention distinguish reactive components according to their density, and place the second component with a larger density in the downstream and spray it into the first component flowing down from the upstream for mixing. The second component has a strong penetrating ability and can better diffuse into the interior of the first component flow, which is conducive to improving the mixing uniformity of the multiple reactive components and achieving a better mixing effect, thereby facilitating reducing local high-temperature areas during the combustion process and improving the combustion effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of combustion technology, in particular to a nozzle structure and a burner for mixing multiple reaction components. Background Art

[0002] Currently, humanity primarily obtains energy and power through the combustion of fossil fuels. This fuel is used in everything from small-scale gas stoves and gas water heaters to large-scale combustion devices like gas turbines and boilers. With the development of society, pollutant emission standards are becoming increasingly stringent, creating an urgent need for new combustion technologies to reduce pollutant emissions. Micro-mix combustion is a novel fuel combustion technology that achieves ultra-low emissions by reducing the size of the fuel-air mixture. It can be used in various combustion devices, including gas turbines. However, flexible fuels, primarily hydrogen and acetylene, often burn in a diluted inert atmosphere due to their intense combustion, with the fuel and oxidant supplied separately.

[0003] Existing combustion processes, especially those using flexible fuels, are prone to uneven mixing of reaction components, which can lead to localized high-temperature zones and unsatisfactory combustion effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a nozzle structure and burner for mixing multiple reaction components, which are used to solve the problem that in existing combustion processes, especially flexible fuel combustion processes, the reaction components are easily mixed unevenly, resulting in the generation of local high-temperature areas and unsatisfactory combustion effects.

[0005] The present invention provides a nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components, comprising: a nozzle channel, wherein a first inlet is provided at the first end of the nozzle channel, and a second inlet is provided at the second end of the nozzle channel, wherein the first inlet is located upstream of the second inlet, the first inlet is used to introduce a first component, and the second inlet is used to introduce a second component, wherein the density of the second component is greater than the density of the first component.

[0006] According to the nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided by the present invention, the first inlet is arranged on the first end face of the nozzle channel or on the side wall of the nozzle channel; the second inlet is arranged on the side wall of the nozzle channel.

[0007] According to the nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided by the present invention, a third inlet is further provided on the first end surface of the nozzle channel or on the side wall close to the first end, and the third inlet is used to introduce a third component.

[0008] According to the nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided by the present invention, the inner diameter of the first end of the nozzle channel is larger than the inner diameter of the second end of the nozzle channel; a contraction section is provided inside the nozzle channel between the first end and the second end, and the contraction section is contracted from the first end to the second end.

[0009] According to the nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided by the present invention, a mixing flow structure is provided inside the nozzle channel between the first end and the second end.

[0010] According to the nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided by the present invention, when the first inlet is provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel, the first inlet penetrates the side wall of the nozzle channel, and a plurality of first inlets are provided along the circumference of the nozzle channel;

[0011] Alternatively, a plurality of first spokes are provided inside the first end of the nozzle channel, the first spokes are arranged radially along the nozzle channel, the first spokes are hollow structures, and the plurality of first spokes are all connected to the first inlet, and a first component outlet is provided on the first spoke.

[0012] According to the nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided by the present invention, the second inlet penetrates the side wall of the nozzle channel, and a plurality of the second inlets are arranged along the circumference of the nozzle channel;

[0013] Alternatively, a plurality of second spokes are provided inside the second end of the nozzle channel, the second spokes are arranged radially along the nozzle channel, the second spokes are hollow structures, and the plurality of second spokes are all connected to the second inlet, and a second component outlet is provided on the second spoke.

[0014] According to the nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided by the present invention, when the third inlet is provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel, the third inlet penetrates the side wall of the nozzle channel, and a plurality of the third inlets are provided along the circumference of the nozzle channel;

[0015] Alternatively, a plurality of third spokes are provided inside the first end of the nozzle channel, the third spokes are arranged radially along the nozzle channel, the third spokes are hollow structures, and the plurality of third spokes are all connected to the third inlet, and a third component outlet is provided on the third spoke.

[0016] According to the nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided by the present invention, the first component is introduced into the nozzle channel along the axial direction of the nozzle channel; and the third component is introduced into the nozzle channel along the radial direction of the nozzle channel.

[0017] The present invention also provides a burner comprising the above-mentioned nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components.

[0018] The present invention provides a nozzle structure and burner for mixing multiple reaction components, which distinguish the reaction components according to their density, and place the second component with a larger density in the first component that is sprayed downstream and flows down from the upstream for mixing. The second component has a strong penetrating ability and can better diffuse into the interior of the first component flow, which is beneficial to improving the mixing uniformity of multiple reaction components and achieving a better mixing effect, thereby facilitating the reduction of local high-temperature areas in the subsequent combustion process, suppressing combustion oscillations, and improving the combustion effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 1 is a bottom schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 1 is a top schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a nozzle structure for mixing multiple reactive components provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a second example of a nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided by the present invention.

[0025] Reference numerals:

[0026] 1: nozzle channel; 101: contraction section; 2: first inlet; 3: second inlet; 4: third inlet; 5: swirler; 6: fixed shaft; 7: second spoke; 701: second component outlet; 8: third spoke; 801: third component outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] The following combination Figure 1-Figure 5 The nozzle structure and burner for mixing multiple reaction components of the present invention are described.

[0029] refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components, which includes: a nozzle channel 1, a first inlet 2 is provided at the first end of the nozzle channel 1, and a second inlet 3 is provided at the second end of the nozzle channel 1. The first inlet 2 is located upstream of the second inlet 3. The first inlet 2 is used to introduce a first component, and the second inlet 3 is used to introduce a second component, wherein the density of the second component is greater than the density of the first component.

[0030] In this embodiment, the nozzle channel 1 is a hollow structure used to circulate multiple reactants. The first end of the nozzle channel 1 is the upstream portion, and the second end is the downstream portion. That is, the reactants flow from the first end to the second end of the nozzle channel 1. The first inlet 2 and the second inlet 3 are spaced apart, with the second inlet 3 located downstream. This allows the second component to be injected into the flowing first component in the nozzle channel 1 and mixed with the first component.

[0031] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the second component with a larger density is set inside the first component injected into the downstream flow for mixing. The second component has a larger density and a stronger jet penetration ability. Compared with expanding and mixing the first component with a smaller density into the second component, this embodiment uses the second component for diffusion mixing to improve the mixing uniformity of the first component and the second component, improve the mixing effect, and is conducive to obtaining better combustion effects later.

[0032] The nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components provided in this embodiment distinguishes the reaction components according to their density, and places the second component with a larger density in the downstream sprayed first component flowing from the upstream for mixing. The second component has a strong penetration ability and can better diffuse into the interior of the first component flow, which is beneficial to improving the mixing uniformity of multiple reaction components and achieving a better mixing effect, thereby helping to reduce local high-temperature areas in the subsequent combustion process, suppress combustion oscillations, and improve the combustion effect.

[0033] In this embodiment, the first and second components are injected at intervals and mixed downstream of the nozzle channel 1. This also avoids the risk of spontaneous combustion and flashback caused by premature mixing of the reaction components, ensuring combustion safety. This nozzle structure is suitable for both traditional fuels such as natural gas and flexible fuels such as hydrogen, with strong fuel adaptability and high safety.

[0034] Based on the above embodiment, further, the first inlet 2 is provided on the first end face of the nozzle channel 1 or on the side wall of the nozzle channel 1. That is, the first inlet 2 can be provided on the end face of the nozzle channel 1, so that the first component is sprayed into the nozzle channel 1 from the first end; the first inlet 2 can also be provided on the side wall of the first end of the nozzle channel 1, so that the first component is introduced from the side wall of the nozzle channel 1. The specific location where the first component is introduced into the nozzle channel 1 is not limited. The second inlet 3 is provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel 1. The second component can be introduced from the side wall of the nozzle channel 1 at the downstream location of the nozzle channel 1.

[0035] Based on the above embodiment, a third inlet 4 is further provided on the first end surface of the nozzle channel 1 or on a sidewall near the first end. The third inlet 4 is used to introduce a third component. The density of the third component may be lower than that of the second component. That is, the third component can be introduced from the first end surface of the nozzle channel 1 or the sidewall of the first end.

[0036] This embodiment takes into account that some combustion processes require not only fuel and oxidant, but also some environmental medium, which is used to create an environment suitable for combustion. For example, flexible fuels mainly composed of hydrogen can easily lead to local high-temperature areas due to their rapid combustion, so an environmental medium is added for dilution. The environmental medium can be air but is not limited to air. Diluents such as water vapor or inert gas can also be used. The fuel oxidant can be supplied separately as needed. Therefore, some combustion processes require three reaction components. In other embodiments, the three reaction components are not limited to fuel, oxidant and diluent; they can also be fuel, oxidant and catalyst, etc., and the specific component types are not limited.

[0037] In this embodiment, the third component is introduced upstream of the nozzle channel 1, and the density of the third component is less than that of the second component. That is, when there are three reaction components, the first and third components, which have relatively low densities, are introduced upstream. The first and third components are initially mixed upstream before flowing downstream. The second component, which has relatively high density, is introduced downstream and diffuses into the mixture of the first and third components. Finally, the first, second, and third components are mixed and ejected downstream.

[0038] In this embodiment, the first component and the third component are first blended, and then the second component is blended in. The three reaction components are blended step by step, which can achieve orderly blending of the reaction components, improve combustion safety, and help ensure the mixing effect; and the second component with a larger density is used to diffuse and blend downstream, which is beneficial to improve the mixing uniformity.

[0039] Furthermore, the first component flows along the length of the nozzle channel 1. The length of the nozzle channel 1 is the direction from the first end to the second end, that is, the direction from upstream to downstream within the nozzle channel 1. Injecting the first component along the length of the nozzle channel 1, so that the first component flows from upstream to downstream, can ensure that the reaction components within the nozzle channel 1 flow smoothly along the main flow direction and are smoothly ejected from the downstream.

[0040] The second component can be injected perpendicularly to the length of the nozzle channel 1, or injected along the length of the nozzle channel 1, or injected at a certain angle to the length of the nozzle channel 1. The specific injection angle of the second component is not limited. The third component can be injected perpendicularly to the length of the nozzle channel 1, or injected along the length of the nozzle channel 1, or injected at a certain angle to the length of the nozzle channel 1. The specific injection angle of the third component is not limited.

[0041] On the basis of the above embodiments, further referring to Figure 2 , the inner diameter of the first end of the nozzle channel 1 is greater than the inner diameter of the second end of the nozzle channel 1. In this embodiment, the cross-section of the nozzle channel 1 is set to be circular, and the outer diameter of the nozzle channel 1 is the same from the first end to the second end, that is, the outer diameter of the nozzle channel 1 is consistent from top to bottom, so that the outer surface of the nozzle channel 1 is cylindrical as a whole. The first end of the nozzle channel 1 is provided with a first pipe section, and the second end of the nozzle channel 1 is provided with a second pipe section, wherein the inner diameter of the first pipe section is greater than the inner diameter of the second pipe section. Therefore, the side wall thickness of the first pipe section is less than the side wall thickness of the second pipe section. Because the second pipe section is a pipe section where multiple reaction components are fully mixed, providing a thicker side wall is conducive to improving safety.

[0042] Furthermore, the nozzle channel 1 is provided with a contraction section 101 between the first and second ends, and the contraction section 101 is contracting from the first end to the second end. That is, a contraction section 101 is provided between the first and second pipe sections; the inner diameter of the contraction section 101 gradually decreases from the first end to the second end of the nozzle channel 1. Providing a larger inner diameter for the first pipe section helps increase the internal space of the first pipe section, facilitating sufficient mixing of the first and third components. The contraction section 101 is then provided. While the flow rates of the first and third components remain unchanged, the gradually decreasing channel cross-section increases the flow rate of the mixed first and third components, facilitating better mixing with the second component before ejection.

[0043] Furthermore, the inner diameter D1 of the second end of the nozzle channel 1 is 3-20 mm.

[0044] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, a flow mixing structure is provided inside the nozzle channel 1 between the first end and the second end. Specifically, the flow mixing structure can be a swirler 5. The swirler 5 is provided between the first inlet 2 and the third inlet 4, whichever is closer to the second inlet 3, and the second inlet 3. For example, referring to Figure 2 In this embodiment, the first inlet 2 is provided on the end surface of the first end of the nozzle channel 1, and the third inlet 4 is provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel 1 near the first end. The third inlet 4 is closer to the second inlet 3 than the first inlet 2. In this case, the cyclone 5 is provided between the third inlet 4 and the second inlet 3. Therefore, after the first component and the third component are mixed, they flow through the cyclone 5 for further mixing to ensure the uniform mixing of the first component and the third component.

[0045] Furthermore, the swirl number of the swirler 5 is 0.1-0.4. Furthermore, other flow mixing structures, such as flow mixing fins, may be provided between the first and second ends of the nozzle channel 1 to enhance mixing between the first and third components, without limitation.

[0046] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, when the first inlet 2 is provided on the first end face of the nozzle channel 1, an opening can be opened on the end face of the nozzle channel 1 as the first inlet 2 for the introduction of the first component; the first end face of the nozzle channel 1 can also be provided in an open shape as the first inlet 2 for the introduction of the first component.

[0047] When the first inlet 2 is provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, the first inlet 2 passes through the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, and multiple first inlets 2 are provided along the circumference of the nozzle channel 1; or, multiple first spokes are provided inside the first end of the nozzle channel 1, the first spokes are provided along the radial direction of the nozzle channel 1, the first spokes are hollow structures, and multiple first spokes are connected to the first inlet 2, and a first component outlet is provided on the first spoke.

[0048] That is, when the first inlet 2 is provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, the first component can be introduced through two configurations. The first configuration is that the first inlet 2 can penetrate the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, directly introducing the first component into the nozzle channel 1 through the side wall of the nozzle channel 1. The second configuration is that a first spoke structure can be provided inside the nozzle channel 1, and the first component can be introduced into the first spoke through the first inlet 2 on the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, and then introduced into the nozzle channel 1 through the first component outlet on the first spoke.

[0049] In the first configuration, multiple first inlets 2 can be provided along the circumference of the nozzle channel 1 to introduce the first component from different locations along the circumference. Furthermore, the axial direction of the first inlet 2 can be set at a certain angle to the longitudinal direction of the nozzle channel 1. That is, the axial direction of the first inlet 2 can be tilted toward the downstream of the nozzle channel 1, so that the first component can flow downstream along the longitudinal direction of the nozzle channel 1 after being injected.

[0050] In the second configuration, multiple first component outlets can be provided on any first spoke. Because the first spoke is positioned within the nozzle channel 1, the first component is ejected after extending through the first spoke into the nozzle channel 1. This ensures that the first component can be ejected into the entire interior of the nozzle channel 1. This configuration is suitable for nozzle channels with a larger inner diameter. Furthermore, the ejection direction of the first component can be controlled by controlling the orientation of the first component outlets on the first spokes.

[0051] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the second inlet 3 passes through the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, and multiple second inlets 3 are arranged along the circumference of the nozzle channel 1; or, multiple second spokes 7 are provided inside the second end of the nozzle channel 1, and the second spokes 7 are arranged along the radial direction of the nozzle channel 1. The second spokes 7 are hollow structures, and multiple second spokes 7 are connected to the second inlet 3, and a second component outlet 701 is provided on the second spoke 7.

[0052] That is, the second inlet 3 is provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, and the second component can be introduced into the nozzle channel 1 through two configurations. The first configuration is that the second inlet 3 can penetrate the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, and the second component can be introduced directly into the nozzle channel 1 through the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second arrangement structure is: a second spoke 7 structure can be arranged inside the nozzle channel 1, the second component is introduced into the second spoke 7 through the second inlet 3 on the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, and then introduced into the nozzle channel 1 through the second component outlet 701 on the second spoke 7, as shown. Figure 3 and Figure 5 shown.

[0053] In the first arrangement, multiple second inlets 3 can be provided along the circumference of the nozzle channel 1 to introduce the second component from different locations along the circumference. Furthermore, the axial direction of the second inlet 3 can be provided perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the nozzle channel 1 so that the second component is sprayed perpendicularly to the flowing first component to better diffuse into the first component. Figure 2 In other embodiments, the axial direction of the second inlet 3 may also intersect with the longitudinal direction of the nozzle channel 1 at a certain angle and may be tilted toward the downstream direction so that the injection direction of the second component intersects with the flow direction of the first component. Specific limitations are not provided.

[0054] In the second setting structure, refer to Figure 3 Multiple second component outlets 701 can be provided on any second spoke 7. Because the second spoke 7 is positioned within the nozzle passage 1, the second component is ejected after extending through the second spoke 7 into the nozzle passage 1. This ensures that the second component can be ejected into the entire interior of the nozzle passage 1. This structure is suitable for nozzle passages with a large inner diameter. Furthermore, the ejection direction of the second component can be controlled by controlling the orientation of the second component openings on the second spoke 7.

[0055] Further, based on the above embodiment, when the third inlet 4 is provided on the first end surface of the nozzle channel 1, an opening can be provided on the end surface of the nozzle channel 1 as the third inlet 4 for introducing the third component. When both the first inlet 2 and the third inlet 4 are provided on the first end surface of the nozzle channel 1, the first and third components can be introduced through openings appropriately provided on the end surfaces. The specific arrangement is not limited.

[0056] When the third inlet 4 is arranged on the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, the third inlet 4 passes through the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, and multiple third inlets 4 are arranged along the circumference of the nozzle channel 1; or, multiple third spokes 8 are provided inside the first end of the nozzle channel 1, and the third spokes 8 are arranged along the radial direction of the nozzle channel 1. The third spokes 8 are hollow structures, and multiple third spokes 8 are connected to the third inlet 4, and a third component outlet 801 is provided on the third spoke 8.

[0057] That is, when the third inlet 4 is provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, the third component can be introduced through two configurations. The first configuration is that the third inlet 4 can penetrate the side wall of the nozzle channel 1 and introduce the third component directly through the side wall of the nozzle channel 1 into the nozzle channel 1. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second arrangement structure is: a third spoke 8 structure can be arranged inside the nozzle channel 1, and the third component is introduced into the third spoke 8 through the third inlet 4 on the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, and then introduced into the interior of the nozzle channel 1 through the third component outlet 801 on the third spoke 8, as shown. Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown.

[0058] In the first setting structure, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , multiple third inlets 4 can be set along the circumference of the nozzle channel 1 to introduce the third component from different positions along the circumference. Furthermore, the axial direction of the third inlet 4 can be set perpendicular to the length direction of the nozzle channel 1 so that the third component is sprayed perpendicularly to the flowing first component to better diffuse into the first component, such as Figure 2In other embodiments, the axial direction of the third inlet 4 may also intersect with the longitudinal direction of the nozzle channel 1 at a certain angle and may be tilted toward the downstream direction so that the injection direction of the third component intersects with the flow direction of the first component. Specific limitations are not provided.

[0059] In the second setting structure, refer to Figure 4 Multiple third component outlets 801 can be provided on any third spoke 8. Because the third spoke 8 is positioned within the nozzle passage 1, the third component is ejected after extending through the third spoke 8 into the nozzle passage 1. This ensures that the third component can be ejected into the entire interior of the nozzle passage 1. This structure is suitable for nozzle passages with a large inner diameter. Furthermore, the ejection direction of the third component can be controlled by controlling the orientation of the third component openings on the third spoke 8.

[0060] On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, the first component is introduced into the nozzle channel 1 along the axial direction of the nozzle channel 1; that is, the first component is introduced into the nozzle channel 1 along the axial direction, so that the first component flows from upstream to downstream, which can ensure that the reaction components in the nozzle channel 1 flow smoothly along the main flow direction and are smoothly ejected from the downstream. The third component is introduced into the nozzle channel 1 along the radial direction of the nozzle channel 1; that is, the third component is introduced into the nozzle channel 1 along the radial direction, so that the third component is introduced perpendicular to the flow direction of the first component, and can effectively diffuse into the first component, achieving good mixing of the two.

[0061] Specifically, in one embodiment, the first inlet 2 can be located at the end of the nozzle channel 1, so that the first component is introduced axially into the nozzle channel 1. Alternatively, the first inlet 2 can be provided on the sidewall of the nozzle channel 1, along with a first spoke structure, with a first component outlet formed on the first spoke, and the first component outlet positioned downstream of the nozzle channel 1, so that the first component is injected axially. The specific configuration is not limited thereto.

[0062] Furthermore, a third inlet 4 may be provided to penetrate the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, and the axial direction of the third inlet 4 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the nozzle channel 1, so that the third component is radially introduced into the interior of the nozzle channel 1. A third spoke 8 structure may also be provided, a third component outlet 801 is provided on the third spoke 8, and the third component outlet 801 is provided toward the side wall of the nozzle channel 1, so that the third component is radially injected, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The third component is sprayed into the flowing first component in multiple radial directions inside the nozzle channel 1 through the third spokes 8, and then mixed with the first component and flows downstream. It can well penetrate into various parts of the first component, which is conducive to uniform mixing of the first and third components.

[0063] Furthermore, the second component outlet 701 may be arranged to face downstream of the nozzle channel 1 so that the second component is injected axially, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown. The second component outlet 701 can be positioned toward the sidewall of the nozzle channel 1, allowing the second component to be sprayed radially into the nozzle channel 1. Alternatively, a second inlet 3 can be positioned through the sidewall of the nozzle channel 1, with the axial direction of the second inlet 3 perpendicular to the axial direction of the nozzle channel 1, allowing the second component to be sprayed radially into the nozzle channel 1. The axial direction of the second inlet 3 can also intersect with the axial direction of the nozzle channel 1 at a specific angle. In other words, the specific direction in which the second component is sprayed into the nozzle channel 1 is not limited and can be flexibly set according to actual needs.

[0064] Furthermore, a spoke structure is provided in the nozzle channel 1, where the inner diameter D2 is 20-80 mm. The spoke structure includes at least one of a first spoke, a second spoke 7, and a third spoke 8. When second spokes 7 are provided, the number of second component outlets 701 on any second spoke 7 ranges from 1 to 8, and the diameter of the second component outlets 701 ranges from 0.2 to 4 mm.

[0065] Furthermore, the first ends of the plurality of second spokes 7 converge and connect at the center of the nozzle passage 1, and the second ends of the second spokes 7 are connected to the sidewall of the nozzle passage 1. Channels, which may be annular, can be provided within the sidewall of the nozzle passage 1, communicating with each of the plurality of second spokes 7. These channels are connected to the second inlet 3 to introduce the second component into the plurality of second spokes 7. The configuration of the first and third spokes 8 is similar to that of the second spoke 7 and will not be further described.

[0066] Furthermore, the first component may be a flexible fuel such as hydrogen, the second component may be an oxidant such as oxygen, and the third component may be a dilution medium such as water vapor.

[0067] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides a burner comprising the nozzle structure for mixing multiple reactive components described in any of the above embodiments. The burner utilizes the nozzle structure provided in any of the above embodiments to perform mixed injection of the reactive components. The burner also includes a housing, a flange plate for securing the nozzle structure, and pipes connected to the nozzle structure, among other related structures, all of which are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0068] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, in a specific example, this embodiment adopts an oxidant diffusion micro-mixing combustion organization mode, which can avoid the flexible fuel mainly composed of hydrogen from burning too quickly, resulting in excessively high local temperature in the combustion chamber, and further leading to problems such as uneven outlet temperature distribution and combustion oscillation. Figure 1 、 Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the first end face of the nozzle channel 1 is configured as a first inlet 2, which serves as the fuel inlet. A third inlet 4 is provided through the sidewall near the first end of the nozzle channel 1, which serves as the inlet for the inert medium. A second inlet 3 is provided through the sidewall at the second end of the nozzle channel 1, which serves as the oxidant injection hole. A swirler 5 is provided within the nozzle channel 1 between the third inlet 4 and the second inlet 3.

[0069] In this embodiment, flexible fuel, inert medium, and oxidizer are supplied separately. The fuel is injected upstream and premixed with the inert medium in a converging channel via a swirl mixer. The denser, more penetrating oxidizer is injected downstream. The number of inert medium orifices, i.e., the number of circumferential third inlets 4, can range from 4 to 8, with a diameter d1 of 0.2 to 2 mm. The number of downstream oxidizer orifices, i.e., the number of circumferential second inlets 3, can range from 2 to 14, with a diameter d2 of 0.2 to 2 mm. The diameter D1 of the downstream channel of the nozzle channel 1 can range from 3 to 20 mm. Specifically, if the inner diameter of the second end of the nozzle channel 1 is 3 to 20 mm, the second component can be injected directly through the second inlet 3 on the sidewall of the nozzle channel 1, and the third component can be injected directly through the third inlet 4 on the sidewall of the nozzle channel 1.

[0070] For example, the fuel is hydrogen and the oxidant is oxygen. Since the density of oxygen is 16 times that of hydrogen, under the same conditions, when oxygen is used as the transverse jet, the jet momentum is 16 times higher than that of hydrogen, and the penetration depth Y max This is nearly 4 times that of hydrogen. Therefore, when oxygen and fuel are supplied separately, the use of oxygen diffusion mixing can greatly improve the uniformity of oxygen-fuel mixing.

[0071] refer to Figure 5 When the pipe diameter is large, that is, the inner diameter of the nozzle channel 1 D2>3×Y max , the oxidant penetration depth cannot meet the requirements for full combustion, so this embodiment designs injection spokes in the downstream channel. Figure 3 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown. A fixed shaft 6 is axially provided at the inner center of the nozzle channel 1 for connecting the spokes. The dilution medium, i.e., the third component, flows in from the third inlet 4 and is ejected from the third component outlet 801 to be premixed with the fuel upstream. The oxidizer flows in from the second inlet 3 and is ejected from the second component outlet 701 through the second spoke 7 to achieve rapid mixing with the fuel and avoid spontaneous combustion and backfire. Optionally, the second component outlet 701 can be directed toward the downstream of the nozzle channel 1 so that the second component is ejected axially; downstream injection is conducive to the formation of a micro-detached flame, strengthening the mixing of the axial nozzle and the incoming high-temperature fuel gas, avoiding local high-temperature zones, and improving the uniformity of the temperature distribution at the transition section outlet. After the oxidizer flows into the second spoke 7 from the side wall channel, it can be ejected axially along the nozzle channel 1 to fully react with the fuel, which helps to improve the spatial uniformity of the injected fuel and avoid the generation of local high-temperature zones. The inner diameter D2 of the nozzle channel 1 is 20-80 mm, the number of the second spokes 7 can be 3-8, each spoke can have 1-8 spray holes, and the diameter of each spray hole, ie, the second component outlet 701, can be 0.2-4 mm.

[0072] This embodiment takes into account that for micro-mixed fuel-oxidizer mixing, the conventional premixing method mixes evenly and has fewer local high-temperature areas, but there is a risk of spontaneous combustion and backfire, and the flame stability is poor. Even if the tail air humidification solution is adopted, the problem cannot be fundamentally solved. When using the traditional fuel diffusion mixing mode, due to the low hydrogen density and poor jet penetration, the fuel-oxidizer mixing is poor, and local high-temperature areas are easily generated. In addition, due to the uneven distribution of the fuel in space, problems such as difficulty in ignition and easy flameout arise. At the same time, for nozzle channels 1 with larger sizes, the existing micro-mixed inlet nozzles mostly adopt a method of uniformly arranging along the circumference. The circumferential uniformity is good, but the micro-mixed pipes cannot be evenly distributed in the radial direction. Due to the uneven distribution of the fuel in space, problems such as difficulty in ignition and easy flameout arise. If the size of the nozzle channel 1 is enlarged, the impact of this unevenness will also be amplified.

[0073] This embodiment adopts an oxidant diffusion micro-mixing combustion organization method, placing a medium with high density and strong penetration ability, which is an oxidant in most cases but can also be a high-density fuel, in the downstream injection to mix with the upstream medium, so as to solve the problem of uneven mixing of flexible fuel mainly composed of hydrogen, resulting in excessive combustion and difficulty in controlling the local high-temperature area of the combustion chamber.

[0074] In addition, when the diameter of the mixer tube of nozzle channel 1 is large, the penetration depth of the downstream medium cannot meet the requirements of full combustion. Therefore, spokes are added at the tail end of the large-diameter mixing tube. After the downstream medium flows into the spokes from the side wall channel, it can be ejected radially or axially to fully react with the fuel, solving the problem of weak jet penetration in the large-diameter micro-mixed combustion chamber and inability to fully burn the fuel. The design of the downstream channel spokes improves the flow field, promotes the mixing intensity of the oxidant and fuel, ensures full combustion of the fuel, and suppresses local high temperature in the combustion chamber.

[0075] This embodiment can solve the problem that the combustion of flexible fuels mainly composed of hydrogen is too intense, which makes it difficult to control the local high-temperature area in the combustion chamber. It greatly improves the mixing effect of the oxidizer and the fuel, avoids spontaneous combustion and flashback, and improves the adaptability of the nozzle to flexible fuels. It is suitable for traditional fuels such as natural gas, and can also achieve efficient combustion of flexible fuels mainly composed of hydrogen fuel, achieving low-carbon or even zero-carbon emissions. It can effectively suppress spontaneous combustion and flashback and combustion oscillations to ensure combustion safety. For large-caliber combustion chambers, the flow field can be improved by spokes to promote the mixing intensity of the oxidizer and fuel and ensure sufficient combustion of the fuel.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components, characterized in that: include: a nozzle channel, wherein a first inlet is provided at a first end of the nozzle channel and a second inlet is provided at a second end of the nozzle channel, the first inlet being located upstream of the second inlet, the first inlet being used to introduce a first component, and the second inlet being used to introduce a second component, wherein the density of the second component is greater than the density of the first component; The first inlet and the second inlet are respectively provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel. A third inlet is further provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel near the first end. The third inlet is used to introduce a third component, and the density of the third component is less than that of the second component. The inner diameter of the first end of the nozzle channel is larger than the inner diameter of the second end of the nozzle channel; a contraction section is provided inside the nozzle channel between the first end and the second end, and the contraction section is contracted from the first end to the second end; The first component is a flexible fuel, the second component is an oxidizer, and the third component is a dilution medium.

2. The nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mixing flow structure is provided inside the nozzle channel between the first end and the second end.

3. The nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the first inlet is provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel, the first inlet penetrates the side wall of the nozzle channel, and a plurality of first inlets are provided along the circumference of the nozzle channel; Alternatively, a plurality of first spokes are provided inside the first end of the nozzle channel, the first spokes are arranged radially along the nozzle channel, the first spokes are hollow structures, and the plurality of first spokes are all connected to the first inlet, and a first component outlet is provided on the first spoke.

4. The nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second inlet penetrates the side wall of the nozzle channel, and a plurality of the second inlets are arranged along the circumference of the nozzle channel; Alternatively, a plurality of second spokes are provided inside the second end of the nozzle channel, the second spokes are arranged radially along the nozzle channel, the second spokes are hollow structures, and the plurality of second spokes are all connected to the second inlet, and a second component outlet is provided on the second spoke.

5. The nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the third inlet is provided on the side wall of the nozzle channel, the third inlet penetrates the side wall of the nozzle channel, and a plurality of the third inlets are provided along the circumference of the nozzle channel; Alternatively, a plurality of third spokes are provided inside the first end of the nozzle channel, the third spokes are arranged radially along the nozzle channel, the third spokes are hollow structures, and the plurality of third spokes are all connected to the third inlet, and a third component outlet is provided on the third spoke.

6. The nozzle structure for mixing multiple reaction components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first component is introduced into the nozzle channel along the axial direction of the nozzle channel; and the third component is introduced into the nozzle channel along the radial direction of the nozzle channel.

7. A burner, characterized in that: A nozzle structure for mixing multiple reactive components comprising the nozzle structure described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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