Flexible artificial visual nociceptor and preparation method thereof, and smart glasses system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of visual perception neural systems and proposes a flexible artificial visual nociceptor, a method for preparing the same, and a smart glasses system. The flexible artificial visual nociceptor comprises, from bottom to top, a bottom electrode layer, a two-dimensional MoS2 layer, a CeO2 layer, and a top electrode layer; the MoS2 layer and the CeO2 layer between the top and bottom electrodes serve as heterostructure layers. A flexible artificial visual nociceptor based on a MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction is proposed. The flexible artificial visual nociceptor, prepared using hydrothermal and magnetron sputtering methods, exhibits excellent properties. Its visual pain perception capability provides a new approach to realizing next-generation neural integrated devices, which is of great significance for accelerating the development of the next generation of artificial intelligence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field related to the visual perception nervous system, and more specifically, to a flexible artificial visual nociceptor and a preparation method thereof, and a smart glasses system. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] As the fundamental unit of the biological nervous system, nociceptors are one of the key receptors that can sense harmful stimuli from the external environment. These stimuli generate pain signals that are transmitted to the central nervous system to prevent potential harm. Generally speaking, when the pain signal is below a certain input signal threshold, the nociceptor does not respond. However, when the input signal threshold is above the input signal threshold, it reacts strongly and rapidly. Nociceptors also exhibit unique characteristics, such as threshold, relaxation, anadaptation, allodynia, and hyperalgesia, which are related to the intensity, duration, and repetition rate of the external stimulus.

[0004] During their research, the inventors discovered that several existing methods for designing artificial nociceptors and realizing these functions have used several complementary metal oxide semiconductor circuits with complex arrangements and have been applied in various fields. However, these circuits are complex, require high-energy operation, and are difficult to scale down to meet the scalability requirements of future nanoelectronic devices. Therefore, there is a great need for electronic devices with simple structures, small feature sizes, large-scale production, and low power consumption to solve the above problems. Moreover, most current nociceptors use electrical stimulation as input to detect harmful signals. However, a very important part of the human body for acquiring information is the eyes. The visual system enables humans to obtain more than 80% of the information data from the complex natural environment, and the eyes operate in conjunction with directly input light signals. Electronic devices that display nociceptive behavior based on their own conditions and have optical input and provide functions similar to those of the human eye remain to be developed.

[0005] Substantial progress has recently been made in integrating biomimetic designs of artificial visual systems with advanced electronic technologies. Hardware implementation of light-modulated flexible artificial visual nociceptors is a building block for neural systems that perceive vision through artificial vision. Due to their high bandwidth and minimal crosstalk, light-triggered devices can provide a contactless operation method and may be a better option for increasing operation speed. Currently, existing fabrication technologies for flexible artificial visual nociceptors still face technical challenges such as high cost, complex processes, unsuitability for large-scale production, and difficulty meeting the scalability requirements of future nanoelectronic devices. Therefore, selecting alternative light-absorbing materials with appropriate optical band gaps and strong light absorption coefficients, and adopting low-cost, easy-to-operate, nanoscale-scale fabrication methods, are key to achieving high-performance nanoscale flexible artificial nociceptors. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address these issues, this paper proposes a flexible artificial visual nociceptor, its preparation method, and a smart glasses system. The flexible artificial visual nociceptor, fabricated using a MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction, exhibits excellent properties. Its visual pain perception capabilities offer a new approach to the development of next-generation neural integrated devices, significantly accelerating the development of next-generation artificial intelligence.

[0007] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] One or more embodiments provide a flexible artificial visual nociceptor, comprising a bottom electrode layer, a two-dimensional MoS2 layer, a CeO2 layer and a top electrode layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top; wherein the MoS2 layer and the CeO2 layer between the top electrode and the bottom electrode serve as heterostructure layers.

[0009] One or more embodiments provide a method for preparing a flexible artificial visual nociceptor, comprising the following steps:

[0010] magnetron sputtering a bottom electrode on a flexible mica substrate to obtain a mica-bottom electrode;

[0011] A two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer was grown on the mica-bottom electrode using a hydrothermal method;

[0012] Radio frequency magnetron sputtering was used to grow a CeO2 nanofilm layer on the MoS2 film layer;

[0013] A top electrode was deposited on the CeO2 nanofilm layer by direct current magnetron sputtering to form an artificial visual nociceptor.

[0014] One or more embodiments provide a smart glasses system, including wearable glasses, and a flexible artificial visual nociceptor arranged on the wearable glasses, wherein the flexible artificial visual nociceptor adopts one of the above-mentioned flexible artificial visual nociceptors, or a flexible artificial visual nociceptor obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method of one of the flexible artificial visual nociceptors.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The transparent design of the disclosed nociceptor device significantly improves light collection efficiency, achieving high response speed and large response current. The novel MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction flexible artificial visual nociceptor achieves the four key characteristics of a nociceptor: "threshold," "non-adaptation," "relaxation," and "pain sensitization." Compared to existing artificial nociceptor fabrication processes, the disclosed fabrication method is simple, feasible for large-scale fabrication, and possesses nanoscale dimensions and flexibility.

[0017] Furthermore, by integrating high-performance flexible artificial visual nociceptors with custom glasses, a wearable smart glasses system was constructed. This system monitors UV light intensity parameters in real time. If abnormal UV parameters are detected, the system changes the color of the glasses to protect the wearer's eyes. This provides an effective method for artificial intelligence simulation of biosensor systems and is expected to play a greater role in achieving more efficient human visual perception systems in the future, promoting applications such as bionic eyes and bionic robots.

[0018] The advantages of the present disclosure and additional advantages will be described in detail in the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present disclosure, are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure. The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and their descriptions are used to explain the present disclosure but do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a flexible artificial visual nociceptor according to Example 1 of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 2 is a system diagram and functional area view of the flexible artificial visual nociceptor and customized smart glasses according to Example 6 of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional SEM representation of the flexible artificial visual nociceptor of Example 1 of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 4AFM (I, II) characterization images and SEM characterization image (III) of MoS2 prepared by the hydrothermal method in Example 1 of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 5 The pain perception threshold characteristic of the flexible artificial visual nociceptor in Example 1 of the present disclosure under 365nm ultraviolet light;

[0025] Figure 6 The "non-adaptive" characteristic of pain perception of the flexible artificial visual nociceptor in the embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 7 The reference model of pain sensitization in the embodiment of the present disclosure and the pain sensitization and relaxation process exhibited when different stimuli are provided to the flexible artificial visual nociceptor; wherein (a) is the simultaneous use of two identical suprathreshold light pulses, and the destructive light intensity applied to the device is 4.781mw / cm 2 (b) uses two identical low-threshold light pulses and applies a destructive light intensity of 1.290 mw / cm 2 The current response induced by the light pulse is used to simulate abnormal pain; (c) shows the reference model of abnormal pain and hyperalgesia; (d) shows the 2 Dependence of the photocurrent of the device in normal and damaged states on the light intensity under destructive light intensity.

[0027] Among them: 1. Top electrode layer, 2. CeO2 layer, 3. Two-dimensional MoS2 layer, 4. Bottom electrode layer, 5. Flexible mica substrate, 6. Wearable glasses, 7. Driving function area, 8. Setting area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present disclosure will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the various embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] In the technical solutions disclosed in one or more embodiments, Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, a flexible artificial visual nociceptor includes, arranged from bottom to top, a bottom electrode layer 4, a two-dimensional MoS2 layer 3, a CeO2 layer 2 and a top electrode layer 1; wherein the MoS2 layer and the CeO2 layer between the top electrode and the bottom electrode serve as heterostructure layers.

[0033] In some typical embodiments, the two-dimensional MoS2 layer 3 is in the form of a two-dimensional thin film layer;

[0034] In some embodiments, the CeO2 layer 2 is in the form of a nanoscale thin film; the CeO2 layer is attached to the two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer in the form of a nanoscale thin film.

[0035] Furthermore, it also includes a flexible mica substrate 5 and a bottom electrode layer 4 arranged on the flexible mica substrate 5.

[0036] Optionally, the bottom electrode layer may be made of mica-ITO, mica-FTO, or any one of ITO and FTO glass.

[0037] In this embodiment, preferably, mica-ITO is used as the substrate, which is flexible and can better simulate the function of the human eye. ITO can be selected because MoS2 grows more fully on the ITO film.

[0038] In some typical embodiments, the top electrode can be made of any one or more of gold, platinum, aluminum, copper, silver, and titanium. Preferably, it can be made of precious metals such as gold, silver, and platinum, which are not easily oxidized during use.

[0039] Based on the above technical solution, a flexible artificial visual nociceptor with a mica-ITO / MoS2 / CeO2 / Ag structure can be formed.

[0040] Furthermore, the method for preparing the above-mentioned flexible artificial visual nociceptor, i.e., a flexible artificial visual nociceptor based on a MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction, first magnetron sputters a bottom electrode on a flexible mica substrate; then, a two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer is hydrothermally grown on the mica-bottom electrode; then, a CeO2 nanofilm layer is radio frequency magnetron sputtered on the MoS2 thin film layer; and finally, a top electrode is DC magnetron sputtered on the CeO2 nanofilm layer to form the artificial visual nociceptor. The specific steps can be as follows:

[0041] Step 1: Prepare MoS2 thin film by hydrothermal method and attach the two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer to the bottom electrode layer:

[0042] Step 11: Prepare a mixed MoS2 precursor solution using sodium molybdate and thioacetamide.

[0043] Specifically, 30 mg of sodium molybdate and 60 mg of thioacetamide can be dissolved in 30 ml of deionized water at room temperature to obtain a mixed MoS2 precursor solution for later use;

[0044] Optionally, ultrasound can be used to accelerate the dissolution process. The ultrasound time for sodium molybdate and thioacetamide can be set to 5-10 minutes.

[0045] Step 12: Place the mica-bottom electrode, i.e., the bottom electrode layer, into the MoS2 precursor solution, heat for a set time to allow the film to grow, and then cool, wash, and dry to obtain a two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer.

[0046] Optionally, the growth conditions of the two-dimensional MoS2 film are: maintaining at 200°C for 600-660 minutes.

[0047] Specifically, the cleaned mica-ITO flexible substrate can be placed in a 50mL bag-lined stainless steel autoclave, and then the MoS2 precursor solution can be poured in. The autoclave is placed in an oven and heated at 200°C for 10 hours. After a natural cooling process, the mica-ITO flexible substrate is removed from the autoclave, washed three times with deionized water, and dried with nitrogen gas to obtain a two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer;

[0048] Step 2: Prepare a CeO2 film by magnetron sputtering and attach the CeO2 film to the MoS2 film to obtain a MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction:

[0049] Specifically, a radio frequency magnetron sputtering process is used to prepare a CeO2 thin film.

[0050] Step 3: Prepare a top electrode on the CeO2 film of the MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction by using a DC magnetron sputtering method.

[0051] A specific example is a method for preparing a mica-ITO / MoS2 / CeO2 / Ag flexible artificial visual nociceptor;

[0052] A top electrode is prepared on the MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction to obtain a "mica-ITO / MoS2 / CeO2 / Ag" structure, that is, a flexible artificial visual nociceptor based on the MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction is obtained.

[0053] In some typical embodiments, the sputtering deposition parameters of RF magnetron sputtering and DC magnetron sputtering can be as follows:

[0054] a. The reference pressure is 3.5-5.0×10 -3 Pa; b. working pressure is 0.34-1.0Pa; c. sputtering temperature is 20-50℃; d. gas flow rate is 20-30sccm; e. sputtering energy is 50-120W; f. pre-sputtering time is 3-5min; g. sputtering time is 10-60min.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Based on Example 1, a specific implementation method is provided for the preparation method in Example 1. This example provides a method for preparing a flexible artificial visual nociceptor, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0057] A. Preparation of MoS2 thin film by hydrothermal method:

[0058] A1) Dissolve 30 mg of sodium molybdate and 60 mg of thioacetamide in 30 ml of deionized water at room temperature and sonicate until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed MoS2 precursor solution for later use.

[0059] A2) The cleaned mica-ITO flexible substrate was placed tilted into a 50 mL lined stainless steel autoclave, and then the MoS2 precursor solution was poured into it.

[0060] The size of the mica-ITO flexible substrate can be set as needed, for example, it can be 2 cm*3 cm.

[0061] A3) placing the autoclave in an oven and heating at 200° C. for 10 hours. After natural cooling, removing the mica-ITO flexible substrate from the autoclave, washing it three times with deionized water, and drying it with nitrogen gas to obtain a two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer;

[0062] B. Preparation of CeO2 thin film by magnetron sputtering:

[0063] B1) MoS2 prepared by hydrothermal method is placed on the target substrate of magnetron sputtering equipment.

[0064] B2) The preset target material is: a CeO2 ceramic target with a purity of 99.99%; the preset sputtering time is 5 minutes; and the preset sputtering power is 80W.

[0065] B3) A 70 nm thick CeO2 film was deposited by RF sputtering in an argon atmosphere. The parameters of magnetron sputtering were as follows: a. The base pressure was 3.5×10 -3 Pa; b. working pressure is 0.99 Pa; c. sputtering temperature is 25°C; d. gas flow rate is 30 sccm; e. sputtering energy is 120 W; f. pre-sputtering time is 5 min; g. sputtering time is 60 min.

[0066] C. Magnetron sputtering top electrode:

[0067] A 40 nm thick Ag top electrode was deposited by DC sputtering in an argon environment.

[0068] The parameters of magnetron sputtering are as follows: a. The base pressure is 4.8×10 -3 Pa; b, working pressure 0.99 Pa; c, sputtering temperature 25°C; d, gas flow rate 30 sccm; e, sputtering energy 60 W; f, pre-sputtering time 100 s; g, sputtering time 10 min. A flexible artificial visual nociceptor with the structure of "mica-ITO / MoS2 / CeO2 / Ag" was obtained.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] Based on Example 1, a specific implementation method is provided for the preparation method in Example 1. This example provides a method for preparing a flexible artificial visual nociceptor, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0071] A. Preparation of MoS2 thin film by hydrothermal method:

[0072] A1) Dissolve 30 mg of sodium molybdate and 60 mg of thioacetamide in 30 ml of deionized water at room temperature and sonicate until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed MoS2 precursor solution for later use.

[0073] A2) The cleaned mica-ITO flexible substrate was placed tilted into a 50 mL lined stainless steel autoclave, and then the MoS2 precursor solution was poured into it.

[0074] The size of the mica-ITO flexible substrate can be set as needed, for example, it can be 2 cm*3 cm.

[0075] A3) placing the autoclave in an oven and heating at 200° C. for 11 hours. After natural cooling, removing the mica-ITO flexible substrate from the autoclave, washing it three times with deionized water, and drying it with nitrogen gas to obtain a two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer;

[0076] B. Preparation of CeO2 thin film by magnetron sputtering:

[0077] B1) MoS2 prepared by hydrothermal method is placed on the target substrate of magnetron sputtering equipment.

[0078] B2) The preset target material is: a CeO2 ceramic target with a purity of 99.99%; the preset sputtering time is 3 minutes; and the preset sputtering power is 80W.

[0079] B3) A 70 nm thick CeO2 film was deposited by RF sputtering in an argon atmosphere. The parameters of magnetron sputtering were as follows: a. The base pressure was 3.8×10 -3 Pa; b. working pressure is 0.34 Pa; c. sputtering temperature is 35°C; d. gas flow rate is 20 sccm; e. sputtering energy is 120 W; f. pre-sputtering time is 3 min; g. sputtering time is 60 min.

[0080] C. Magnetron sputtering top electrode:

[0081] A 40 nm thick Ag top electrode was deposited by DC sputtering in an argon atmosphere.

[0082] The parameters of magnetron sputtering are as follows: a. The base pressure is 5.0×10 -3 Pa; b, working pressure 0.9 Pa; c, sputtering temperature 35°C; d, gas flow rate 20 sccm; e, sputtering energy 50 W; f, pre-sputtering time 100 s; g, sputtering time 15 min. A flexible artificial visual nociceptor with the structure of "mica-ITO / MoS2 / CeO2 / Ag" was obtained.

[0083] Example 4

[0084] Based on Example 1, a specific implementation method is provided for the preparation method in Example 1. This example provides a method for preparing a flexible artificial visual nociceptor, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0085] A. Preparation of MoS2 thin film by hydrothermal method:

[0086] A1) Dissolve 30 mg of sodium molybdate and 60 mg of thioacetamide in 40 ml of deionized water at room temperature and sonicate until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed MoS2 precursor solution for later use.

[0087] A2) The cleaned mica-ITO flexible substrate was placed tilted into a 50 mL lined stainless steel autoclave, and then the MoS2 precursor solution was poured into it.

[0088] The size of the mica-ITO flexible substrate can be set as needed, for example, it can be 2 cm*3 cm.

[0089] A3) placing the autoclave in an oven and heating at 200° C. for 10 hours. After natural cooling, removing the mica-ITO flexible substrate from the autoclave, washing it three times with deionized water, and drying it with nitrogen gas to obtain a two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer;

[0090] B. Preparation of CeO2 thin film by magnetron sputtering:

[0091] B1) MoS2 prepared by hydrothermal method is placed on the target substrate of magnetron sputtering equipment.

[0092] B2) The preset target material is: a CeO2 ceramic target with a purity of 99.99%; the preset sputtering time is 4 minutes; and the preset sputtering power is 80W.

[0093] B3) A 70 nm thick CeO2 film was deposited by RF sputtering in an argon atmosphere. The parameters of magnetron sputtering are as follows: a. The base pressure is 3.6×10 -3 Pa; b. working pressure is 0.83 Pa; c. sputtering temperature is 40°C; d. gas flow rate is 30 sccm; e. sputtering energy is 120 W; f. pre-sputtering time is 4 min; g. sputtering time is 50 min.

[0094] C. Magnetron sputtering top electrode:

[0095] A 40 nm thick Ag top electrode was deposited by DC sputtering in an argon atmosphere. The parameters of magnetron sputtering are as follows: a. The base pressure is 4.2×10 -3 Pa; b, working pressure 0.83 Pa; c, sputtering temperature 35°C; d, gas flow rate 30 sccm; e, sputtering energy 50 W; f, pre-sputtering time 100 s; g, sputtering time 12 min. A flexible artificial visual nociceptor with the structure of "mica-ITO / MoS2 / CeO2 / Ag" was obtained.

[0096] Example 5

[0097] Based on Example 1, a specific implementation method is provided for the preparation method in Example 1. This example provides a method for preparing a flexible artificial visual nociceptor, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0098] A. Preparation of MoS2 thin film by hydrothermal method:

[0099] A1) Dissolve 30 mg of sodium molybdate and 60 mg of thioacetamide in 40 ml of deionized water at room temperature and sonicate until completely dissolved to obtain a mixed MoS2 precursor solution for later use.

[0100] A2) The cleaned mica-ITO flexible substrate was placed tilted into a 50 mL lined stainless steel autoclave, and then the MoS2 precursor solution was poured into it.

[0101] The size of the mica-ITO flexible substrate can be set as needed, for example, it can be 2 cm*3 cm.

[0102] A3) placing the autoclave in an oven and heating at 200° C. for 11 hours. After natural cooling, removing the mica-ITO flexible substrate from the autoclave, washing it three times with deionized water, and drying it with nitrogen gas to obtain a two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer;

[0103] B. Preparation of CeO2 thin film by magnetron sputtering:

[0104] B1) MoS2 prepared by hydrothermal method is placed on the target substrate of magnetron sputtering equipment.

[0105] B2) The preset target material is: a CeO2 ceramic target with a purity of 99.99%; the preset sputtering time is 5 minutes; and the preset sputtering power is 80W.

[0106] B3) A 70 nm thick CeO2 film was deposited by RF sputtering in an argon atmosphere. The parameters of magnetron sputtering are as follows: a. The base pressure is 3.5×10 -3 Pa; b. working pressure is 0.83 Pa; c. sputtering temperature is 20°C; d. gas flow rate is 20 sccm; e. sputtering energy is 120 W; f. pre-sputtering time is 5 min; g. sputtering time is 55 min.

[0107] C. Magnetron sputtering top electrode:

[0108] A 40 nm thick Ag top electrode was deposited by DC sputtering in an argon atmosphere. The parameters of magnetron sputtering are as follows: a. The base pressure is 4.6×10 -3 Pa; b, working pressure 0.6 Pa; c, sputtering temperature 20°C; d, gas flow rate 20 sccm; e, sputtering energy 70 W; f, pre-sputtering time 100 s; g, sputtering time 15 min. A flexible artificial visual nociceptor with the structure of "mica-ITO / MoS2 / CeO2 / Ag" was obtained.

[0109] The preparation methods provided in the above examples utilize magnetron sputtering technology to produce highly conductive, flexible, and transparent mica-ITO electrodes and CeO2 layers. The hydrothermal method for preparing MoS2 effectively reduces processing costs and steps. MoS2 also possesses a suitable optical band gap and a strong optical absorption coefficient, making it a potential alternative light-absorbing material for high-efficiency optoelectronic devices. MoS2's advantage lies in its two-dimensional nanostructure, which also offers significant advantages in electrical, optical, and defect properties.

[0110] Example 6

[0111] Based on Example 1, this embodiment provides a smart glasses system, including wearable glasses 6 and a flexible artificial visual nociceptor arranged on the wearable glasses 6, wherein the flexible artificial visual nociceptor adopts the flexible artificial visual nociceptor described in Example 1.

[0112] Optionally, the wearable glasses 6 include color-changing lenses, a signal acquisition unit, and a processor. The flexible artificial visual nociceptor, the signal acquisition unit, and the processor are sequentially connected, and the processor is connected to the color-changing lenses. The processor is configured to output instructions for controlling the color change of the glasses based on the signals collected by the flexible artificial visual nociceptor.

[0113] The signal acquisition unit and the processor may be arranged in a driving function area 7 on the frame of the wearable glasses 6; and the visual nociceptor may be arranged in a corresponding setting area 8 of the color-changing lens.

[0114] Specifically, in this embodiment, the signal acquisition unit is an ADC module, that is, an analog-to-digital converter, which is used to collect and convert the detection signal from the artificial visual nociceptor sensing part. The processor can be an ESP32 MCU.

[0115] Among them, the color-changing lens can be an electrochromic component, which controls the color change of the lens by outputting different voltages.

[0116] The parameter changes caused by UV light intensity are converted into current signals by the artificial visual nociceptor sensing component, and then converted into a voltage signal divided by its impedance. This signal is collected by the ADC module and processed by the ESP32 MCU. The ESP32 MCU then determines whether to supply voltage to the electrochromic component to achieve in-situ color change to protect the wearer's eyes. The entire process, including signal acquisition, processing, transmission, and protection, demonstrates the integrity and potential practical value of the integrated system of flexible artificial visual nociceptors and smart glasses.

[0117] The eyewear system proposed in this embodiment connects an artificial visual nociceptor with a customized smart glasses system for signal transmission, providing eye protection. It monitors ultraviolet light intensity parameters in real time. If the eyes are suddenly exposed to ultraviolet light, the system detects abnormal UV parameters and immediately changes the color of the glasses (to a dark blue, a UV-blocking color) to protect the wearer's eyes, thereby preventing irreversible damage caused by ultraviolet light exposure.

[0118] An artificial visual perception neural system is achieved by integrating high-performance flexible artificial visual nociceptors with custom glasses. When used in applications requiring UV light, such as UV curing in the microelectronics industry and UV disinfection in everyday life, the parameter changes caused by UV light intensity are converted by the flexible artificial visual nociceptor sensing component into a current signal, which is then converted into a voltage signal divided by its impedance. This signal is collected by an ADC and processed by an ESP32 MCU. The ESP32 MCU then determines whether to supply voltage to the electrochromic component to achieve in-situ color change to protect the wearer's eyes from irreversible damage caused by UV light exposure. This process mimics the human visual system's perception of external stimuli and demonstrates the feasibility of building advanced electronic receptors and artificial humans.

[0119] Figure 2 This diagram shows the system and detailed functional areas of the MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction-based flexible artificial visual nociceptor and custom smart glasses in this example. The proposed flexible artificial visual nociceptor is integrated with the custom glasses, and using the ESP32 MCU for signal acquisition, a wearable smart glasses system is constructed for real-time monitoring of UV light intensity parameters.

[0120] Figure 2 The entire eyewear system operates as shown in Figure 1. Parameter changes caused by UV light intensity are converted by the artificial visual nociceptor sensing component into a current signal, which is then converted to a voltage signal divided by its impedance. This signal is collected by the ADC and processed by the ESP32 MCU. The ESP32 MCU then determines whether to supply voltage to the electrochromic component to achieve in-situ color change and protect the wearer's eyes. The entire process, including signal acquisition, processing, transmission, and protection, demonstrates the integrity and potential practical value of the integrated flexible artificial visual nociceptor and smart glasses system. As a demonstration, when UV light intensity exceeds the threshold of the artificial visual nociceptor, it is detected as an abnormal signal, causing the electrochromic component to successfully change color from transparent to dark blue, meeting the requirements for in-situ eye protection. When the UV light is removed, the ESP32 MCU applies a potential opposite to the electrochromic component, restoring it to its initial state and resuming eye protection. This type of visual protection can significantly enhance reliable eye protection in unexpected situations.

[0121] To illustrate the effect, the flexible artificial visual nociceptor prepared by the above method was tested. Figure 3-Figure 7 As shown, the actual object of the flexible artificial visual nociceptor based on MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction is bendable and has flexible characteristics, and can be bent by the force of two fingers.

[0122] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional SEM characterization image of a flexible artificial visual nociceptor based on a MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction in an embodiment, wherein the thickness of CeO2 is about 70 nm and the thickness of MoS2 is about 100 nm.

[0123] Figure 4 The AFM (I, II) and SEM (III) images of MoS2 prepared by the hydrothermal method in the present invention are shown. As can be seen from the figure: the surface roughness value of the synthesized MoS2 is small, indicating that the surface is relatively smooth.

[0124] Figure 5 This is the pain perception "threshold" characteristic of the flexible artificial visual nociceptor based on the MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction under 365nm ultraviolet light in an embodiment of the present invention. The visual nociceptor compares the ultraviolet light intensity with its threshold value and transmits a current signal to the voltage drive module functional area via a wire to determine whether the lens area is electrochromic, thereby achieving eye protection. The threshold value of ultraviolet light exposure is approximately 0.097mW / cm 2 .

[0125] Figure 6 This is the "non-adaptive" characteristic of pain perception in the flexible artificial visual nociceptor based on the MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction in the embodiment of the present invention. Another characteristic of pain perception is "non-adaptive." For example, the senses of smell and touch are easily adapted, but pain perception does not weaken due to the continuous application of painful stimuli. When a pulse is applied to the device, the change in current corresponds to the response to the external stimulus in the pain system. At 1.290mW / cm 2 Under continuous ultraviolet light, the current generated gradually maintains a stable value. Repeated input of the same pulse does not change the intensity of the current response. This phenomenon is similar to the "non-adaptive" characteristic of pain perception. This is of great significance for protecting the human eye from repeated harmful stimulation.

[0126] Figure 7It is a reference model of pain sensitization in Example 1 of the present invention, and the "pain sensitization" and "relaxation" processes exhibited when a sufficiently strong stimulus is provided to the flexible artificial visual nociceptor based on the MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction. The triggering of the pain receptor is closely related to the intensity of the stimulus, and light pulse signals with different parameters are used to simulate biological pain. When a sufficiently strong stimulus is provided to the nociceptor, the nociceptor will be in an injured state. After injury, when the threshold is lowered, the nociceptor will show an amplified response, which is called pain hypersensitivity. Pain sensitization includes abnormal pain and hyperalgesia. Abnormal pain (Allodynia) is the sensation of pain in response to stimuli that should not cause pain under normal circumstances. Hyperalgesia (Hyperalgesia) is the enhanced pain sensation in response to stimuli that can cause pain under normal circumstances, and the pain threshold will also be lowered. In order to simulate these two characteristics, such as Figure 7 As shown in (a), two identical suprathreshold light pulses are used simultaneously, and the destructive light intensity applied to the device is 4.781 mW / cm 2 The light pulse signal is used to simulate hyperalgesia. It can be seen that in the sensitization stage, the threshold of pain receptor activation is lowered and the reaction of pain receptors is stronger than in the normal state. Figure 7 As shown in (b), two identical low-threshold light pulses are used, and a destructive light intensity of 1.290 mW / cm is applied to the device. 2 The current response induced by the light pulse is used to simulate abnormal pain. Figure 7 (a, b) As can be seen, due to the relaxation process, the current after the destructive light irradiation is significantly higher than the current before the irradiation. This is because the current response caused by the latter threshold stimulus overlaps with the current that persists after the destructive light irradiation. Figure 7 (d) shows that the 2 Under destructive light intensity illumination, the photocurrent of the device in normal and damaged states depends on the light intensity. This phenomenon is similar to Figure 7 (c) Reference model of allodynia and allodynia shown.

[0127] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure shall be included within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0128] Although the above describes the specific implementation methods of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present disclosure, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A flexible artificial visual nociceptor, characterized in that: The invention comprises: a bottom electrode layer, a two-dimensional MoS2 layer, a CeO2 layer and a top electrode layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top; wherein the MoS2 layer and the CeO2 layer between the top electrode and the bottom electrode serve as heterostructure layers; The CeO2 layer is attached to the two-dimensional MoS2 layer in the form of a nanoscale thin film; The steps for preparing two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layers using the hydrothermal method are as follows: A mixed MoS2 precursor solution was prepared using sodium molybdate and thioacetamide; The mica-bottom electrode is placed in a MoS2 precursor solution, heated for a set time to allow the film to grow, and then cooled, washed, and dried to obtain a two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer; CeO2 thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering and attached to MoS2 thin films to obtain MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunctions. The top electrode was prepared on the CeO2 film of MoS2 / CeO2 heterojunction by DC magnetron sputtering. It also includes a flexible mica substrate and a bottom electrode layer arranged on the flexible mica substrate.

2. The flexible artificial visual nociceptor according to claim 1, wherein: The bottom electrode layer is made of mica-ITO, mica-FTO, ITO glass or FTO glass.

3. The flexible artificial visual nociceptor according to claim 1, wherein: The top electrode is made of any one or more of gold, platinum, aluminum, copper, silver, and titanium.

4. A method for preparing a flexible artificial visual nociceptor, characterized in that: The steps include: magnetron sputtering a bottom electrode on a mica substrate to obtain a mica-bottom electrode; A two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer was grown on the mica-bottom electrode using a hydrothermal method; The steps for preparing two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layers using the hydrothermal method are as follows: A mixed MoS2 precursor solution was prepared using sodium molybdate and thioacetamide; The mica-bottom electrode is placed in a MoS2 precursor solution, heated for a set time to allow the film to grow, and then cooled, washed, and dried to obtain a two-dimensional MoS2 thin film layer; Radio frequency magnetron sputtering was used to grow a CeO2 nanofilm layer on the MoS2 film layer; A top electrode was deposited on the CeO2 nanofilm layer by direct current magnetron sputtering to form an artificial visual nociceptor.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein: The growth conditions of the two-dimensional MoS2 film are: 200°C for 600-660 min.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein: The sputtering deposition parameters for RF magnetron sputtering and DC magnetron sputtering are as follows: The reference pressure is 3.5-5.0×10 -3 Pa; working pressure is 0.34-1.0 Pa; sputtering temperature is 20-50℃; gas flow rate is 20-30 sccm; sputtering energy is 50-120 W; pre-sputtering time is 3-5 min; sputtering time is 10-60 min.

7. A smart glasses system, characterized in that: The invention comprises wearable glasses and a flexible artificial visual nociceptor arranged on the wearable glasses, wherein the flexible artificial visual nociceptor is a flexible artificial visual nociceptor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, or a flexible artificial visual nociceptor obtained by the preparation method of a flexible artificial visual nociceptor according to any one of claims 4 to 6.

8. The smart glasses system according to claim 7, wherein: The wearable glasses include color-changing lenses, a signal acquisition unit and a processor. The flexible artificial visual nociceptor, the signal acquisition unit and the processor are connected in sequence, and the processor is connected to the color-changing lenses.

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