Devices and systems for respiratory support

Abstract

This invention relates to a device (100) for positive pressure ventilation (PPV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, comprising: a fresh gas inlet (2) arranged to receive a fresh gas flow from a fresh gas flow tube connectable thereto; a patient interface end (3) connectable to a patient interface; an outlet (4) having an open end (5); and a plurality of variable flow CPAP generators (6), each of which is connected to the fresh gas inlet, the patient interface end, and the outlet of the device. Simplified devices and systems are provided respectively, which are easy to use and allow for rapid switching between PPV and CPAP therapy without altering the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to devices and systems for positive pressure ventilation (PPV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, such as for neonatal resuscitation and initial respiratory support. Background Technology

[0002] Positive airway pressure (PPV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are two types of mechanical respiratory support commonly used for the resuscitation and stabilization of newborns. Which system is used depends on whether the infant is breathing. PPV is used for infants who are not breathing, while CPAP is used for infants who are breathing. Infants who are not breathing after birth should be ventilated. This can be achieved via PPV using, for example, a face mask or endotracheal tube. In most cases, a face mask is used. If an infant begins to breathe or is breathing after birth, then for several conditions, CPAP is the recommended treatment to support ventilation. After spontaneous breathing is restored, some infants will still require PPV intermittently if they are not breathing adequately or have stopped breathing. This is particularly common in the treatment of preterm infants. Therefore, both types of support are common, and the need often changes during resuscitation. During both PPV and CPAP, the vasodilation pressure helps the lungs maintain gas exchange. When PPV is provided, this is called positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and for this type of device, it is functionally equivalent to CPAP.

[0003] WO 2012 / 108826 discloses an apparatus and system capable of providing both positive pressure ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The apparatus includes: a first fresh gas flow line arranged to provide a first fresh gas flow; a second fresh gas flow line; a variable flow rate CPAP generator; a connector for connection to any baby interface; and a pressure relief valve. The variable flow rate CPAP generator includes: a first connection portion connected to the first fresh gas flow line; a second connection portion connected to the baby interface connector; and a third connection portion serving as an outlet with an open end for the variable flow rate CPAP generator. The second fresh gas flow line bypasses the variable flow rate CPAP generator and is arranged to provide a second fresh gas flow, which is added to the first fresh gas flow in positive pressure ventilation mode when the open end of the outlet is blocked. Therefore, in PPV mode, the pressure increases at a higher rate than when only the first fresh gas flow is used, which allows for a shorter inspiratory rise time. This system can be used for non-invasive ventilation and provides lower forced breathing work for breathing children receiving CPAP therapy, and can easily switch between PPV and CPAP respiratory support without changing the device.

[0004] To ensure optimal system operation, it is necessary to adjust the supply of fresh gas during resuscitation by using a second fresh gas flow. Adding a second fresh gas flow in PPV mode provides an adjustable rise time, which can be shortened, for example, by increasing the second fresh gas flow. This is ideal for providing stable and effective ventilation. However, the application of a second fresh gas flow is not feasible in all medical facilities due to, for example, a lack of output at the gas source used to connect the second fresh gas flow tubing. Furthermore, the second fresh gas flow increases the complexity of the device and may increase the risk of user error with potentially serious consequences. Therefore, utilizing a second fresh gas flow tubing is not always possible, resulting in lower resuscitation treatment efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, in the technical field of providing devices for both PPV and CPAP, it is necessary to overcome the existing problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a device for PPV and CPAP treatment that alleviates the aforementioned problems. This object is achieved by a device for PPV and CPAP treatment according to the present invention, as disclosed herein.

[0007] Therefore, according to an aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for positive pressure ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure therapy is provided, the apparatus comprising:

[0008] - Fresh gas inlet, which is arranged to receive a fresh gas flow from a fresh gas flow tube that can be connected thereto;

[0009] - Patient interface terminal, which can be connected to the patient interface;

[0010] - An outlet, which has an open end; and

[0011] - A plurality of variable flow CPAP generators, wherein each of the plurality of variable flow CPAP generators is connected to the fresh gas inlet, patient interface and outlet of the device.

[0012] This provides a simplified device for CPAP and PPV therapy, particularly designed for the resuscitation and stabilization of infants. The device is easy to use and allows for rapid switching between PPV and CPAP without requiring changes to the equipment. Safe and rapid switching between these types of respiratory support will improve care for unstable children, result in higher quality resuscitation, and reduce mortality and morbidity.

[0013] Compared to using a single variable-flow CPAP generator, having multiple variable-flow CPAP generators, each connected to the device's fresh gas inlet, patient interface, and outlet, allows operation at higher drive flows—that is, providing a higher flow of fresh gas to the device's fresh gas inlet while maintaining the same stable pressure at the patient interface in CPAP mode. Furthermore, in PPV mode, when the device's outlet is blocked, the higher flow of fresh gas used by the device is delivered to the patient, causing a rapid pressure increase and generating inhalation respiration.

[0014] The placement of the fresh gas inlet simplifies the device's gas supply, as the device requires a single fresh gas drive flow, i.e., a single fresh gas inlet. This further allows for a smaller device size compared to devices requiring two drive flows, thus also facilitating its transport and use. A further advantage of providing only one drive flow for the device as disclosed herein is that it allows for integration into both low-tech and high-tech ventilator devices, requiring only a single gas output channel for fresh gas supply from the ventilator. In other words, the device can be installed in systems that include only one gas output channel for fresh gas supply. This allows for integration with existing CPAP drivers and ventilators without any hardware modifications. Furthermore, another advantage is the simplicity of humidifying the flow to the fresh gas inlet compared to devices with two drive flows.

[0015] The drive flow (i.e., the flow of fresh gas supplied to the fresh gas inlet) can be set to allow the desired amount of CPAP to be generated by the variable flow CPAP generator. Corresponding to PPV mode, when the open end of the device outlet is blocked, the entire drive flow will reach the patient interface end and further to the patient, resulting in an increase in the flow rate for inhalation breathing. Compared to devices that only include a variable flow CPAP generator providing the same level of CPAP in CPAP mode, the increased drive flow achieves a reduction in pressure rise time when the device outlet is blocked, which is advantageous.

[0016] For the purposes of this invention, the terms "infant" and "child" are intended to cover patients requiring neonatal resuscitation and initial respiratory support, such as newborns and newborns. These terms are also intended to cover children weighing up to approximately 10 kg and toddlers learning to walk. The fresh gas flow is adapted to the child's weight and size to achieve the desired respiratory rate. For the purposes of this invention, the term "fresh gas flow" refers to air, oxygen, or a mixture of these gases flowing through the system and its portions, and the term "fresh gas flow tube" refers to the location in which fresh gas flows.

[0017] For the purposes of this invention, the term "variable flow CPAP generator" is intended to cover any continuous positive airway pressure device in which the CPAP level is adjusted by changing the flow of fresh gas.

[0018] For the purposes of this invention, the term "drive flow" will be used as a synonym for the fresh gas flow provided to the fresh gas inlet of the device.

[0019] For the purposes of this invention, the term "patient interface" is intended to cover any interface suitable for connection to a patient (e.g., an infant or child), such as a pair of nose forks, a mask, an endotracheal tube, or any other suitable device.

[0020] There are different ways to arrange the device in order to achieve the advantages described above.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the device, each of the variable flow CPAP generators includes a first connection portion connected to a fresh gas inlet, a second connection portion connected to a patient interface, and a third connection portion connected to the device outlet. This provides a compact arrangement and compact device of several variable flow CPAP generators. In operation, the fresh gas flow entering the fresh gas inlet of the device is further divided among the several first connection portions of the several CPAP generators for flow through. When the device operates in CPAP mode, the second connection portion of the variable flow CPAP generator connected to the patient interface of the device provides a stable level of CPAP at the patient interface. Finally, the third connection portion of the several variable flow CPAP generators connected to the outlet of the device enables smooth operation of the device, as it can be easily set to PPV mode by blocking one outlet of the device. Furthermore, it is advantageous to have a variable flow CPAP generator with the first, second, and third connection portions as described above, because such a variable flow CPAP generator typically provides the patient with a stable level of CPAP and low forced work of breathing during use.

[0022] According to an embodiment of the device, the device further includes: an inlet chamber disposed at the fresh gas inlet; a patient interface chamber disposed at the patient interface end; and an outlet chamber disposed at the device outlet, wherein each of the plurality of variable flow CPAP generators is connected to the fresh gas inlet, the patient interface end, and the outlet respectively via the inlet chamber, the patient interface chamber, and the outlet chamber. That is, the inlet chamber, the patient interface chamber, and the outlet chamber are shared by the plurality of variable flow CPAP generators, as are the fresh gas inlet, the patient interface end, and the outlet of the device. This provides a compact device that is easy to transport.

[0023] According to an embodiment of the device, the device includes three variable flow CPAP generators, each of which includes a first connection portion connected to a fresh gas inlet, a second connection portion connected to a patient interface, and a third connection portion connected to an outlet of the device. In another embodiment of the device, the number of variable flow CPAP generators is four. Generally, any number of variable flow CPAP generators, greater than one, can be provided according to the concept of the invention. The drive flow can then be adapted to the patient using the device to provide the desired CPAP in CPAP mode. For smaller infants, such as newborns, a device including two variable flow CPAP generators may be sufficient to provide the desired rise time when operating in PPV mode. For larger children, such as children weighing about 10 kg, it would be advantageous to use a device including three or four variable flow CPAP generators to achieve the desired rise time for the patient when operating in ventilation mode. It will be understood from this disclosure that the more variable flow CPAP generators in the device, the higher the drive flow that can be used, thereby causing a faster pressure increase in PPV mode, i.e., a shorter rise time. Preferably, the number of variable flow CPAP generators is between two and four. Setting up two or four variable flow CPAP generators may not necessarily be advantageous for larger devices used for PPV and CPAP therapy, as variable flow CPAP generators can be fitted within the external dimensions of devices known in the art. However, within the scope of the present invention, it is also conceivable to set up more than four variable flow CPAP generators.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the device, the device further includes a pressure relief connection portion having a first end that connects to the patient interface end of the device and a second end that connects to a pressure relief tube. The pressure relief connection portion is generally tubular and extends through a portion of the device between the patient interface end and a sidewall of the device, thereby forming an internal passage therethrough. The pressure relief tube can be connected to an aperture through the sidewall provided by the second end of the pressure relief connection portion.

[0025] According to another aspect of the invention, a system for PPV and CPAP therapy is provided, comprising: a device as disclosed herein; a fresh gas inlet; a fresh gas source connected to a fresh gas inlet via the fresh gas inlet; and a pressure relief valve arranged to prevent excessive positive pressure in PPV mode. Thus, the system includes a fresh gas source and a pressure relief valve configured to adapt to a specific opening pressure suitable for the patient to be treated.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the system, the system is arranged such that when the open end of the outlet of the device is blocked, the pressure from the variable flow CPAP generator will increase until it reaches the opening pressure of the pressure relief valve. This pressure increase causes an inspiratory flow, so the pressure in the system will be maintained at the set PPV pressure until the blockage is removed from the outlet, and when the blocked outlet is opened, the pressure will return to the set CPAP level, thereby reducing the pressure and causing an expiratory flow.

[0027] According to an embodiment of the system, the system is arranged such that during spontaneous breathing, by changing the flow of CPAP generated, the patient flow, and the fresh gas flow, a variable flow CPAP generator that maintains a stable positive pressure in the patient's airway exits the system, thus allowing the CPAP in the airway to be adjusted as needed.

[0028] According to embodiments of the system, the pressure relief valve is connected to one of the patient interface and outlet terminals of the device. These are two alternative ways to arrange the pressure relief valve in the system, with the primary objective being to place the pressure relief valve in a location where the pressure in question can be reliably measured. Arranging the pressure relief valve to connect to the outlet of the device allows for the removal of the pressure relief tubing and pressure relief connection portion, thus providing a compact device and system.

[0029] According to an embodiment of a system including a device with a pressure relief connection, the pressure relief valve is connected to the pressure relief connection. In another embodiment of the system, the system further includes a pressure relief pipe at which the pressure relief valve is disposed. This may be a more familiar way for the user to arrange the pressure relief valve.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the system, the system further includes a pressure measuring device. This allows for easy monitoring of system operation and desired adjustments to the fresh gas flow. Preferably, the pressure measuring device is located at the patient interface end of the device. According to an embodiment of the system having a device including a pressure relief connection, the pressure measuring device is connected to the patient interface end via the pressure relief connection. Naturally, the primary objective is to position the pressure measuring device in a location where the pressure in question can be measured reliably and accurately.

[0031] Different embodiments of this system can be summarized as a system including a device with a fresh gas inlet connected to several variable flow CPAP generators, which in turn are connected to a common patient interface and outlet of the device. The system further includes a fresh gas flow line, one end of which is connected to the fresh gas inlet and the other end to a fresh gas source for supplying a fresh gas flow to the device. The system further includes a pressure relief valve connected to either the outlet or the patient interface of the device. Optionally, the system includes a pressure measuring device disposed at the patient interface of the device for accurately and reliably measuring the pressure therein.

[0032] The device disclosed herein can be used for PPV and CPAP therapy in neonatal resuscitation and initial respiratory support.

[0033] The system disclosed in this article can be used for PPV and CPAP therapy in neonatal resuscitation and initial respiratory support.

[0034] These and other aspects and advantages of the invention will become clear from the embodiments described below and will be set forth with reference thereto. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and are a part of this specification. Other embodiments of the invention and many anticipated advantages of the invention will be readily apparent from the following detailed description. Elements in the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other. The same reference numerals denote corresponding similar parts.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the device according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the device according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the device according to the present invention;

[0039] Figures 4 to 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the system according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6a and Figure 6b This schematically illustrates the process during positive pressure ventilation (i.e., PPV mode). Figure 4 The flow of the system shown; and

[0041] Figure 7 This schematically illustrates the effect during spontaneous ventilation (i.e., CPAP mode). Figure 4 The flow in the system shown. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Examples of different embodiments of the invention are provided. The common feature of the embodiments of the device for PPV and CPAP therapy described herein is that they include a fresh gas inlet 2, a patient interface 3, an outlet 4 having an open end 5, and a plurality of variable CPAP generators 6, each connected to the fresh gas inlet 2, the patient interface 3, and the outlet 4. More specifically, the device further includes an inlet chamber 21 at the fresh gas inlet 2, a patient interface chamber 31 at the patient interface 3, and an outlet chamber 41 at the outlet 4. Each of the variable flow CPAP generators 6 is connected to the fresh gas inlet 2, the patient interface 3, and the outlet 4 via the inlet chamber 21, the patient interface chamber 31, and the outlet chamber 41, respectively. That is, the inlet chamber 21, the patient interface chamber 31, and the outlet chamber 41 are shared by the plurality of variable flow CPAP generators 6, as are the fresh gas inlet 2, the patient interface 3, and the outlet 4 of the device.

[0043] refer to Figure 1 According to a first embodiment of the device 100, the device 100 includes three variable flow CPAP generators 6 arranged adjacent to each other. Each of the variable flow CPAP generators 6 includes a first connection portion 10, a second connection portion 11, and a third connection portion 12. The first connection portion 10 of the variable flow CPAP generator 6 is connected to a fresh gas inlet 2, the second connection portion 11 is connected to a patient interface end 3, and the third connection portion 12 is connected to an outlet 4 of the device 100. More specifically, the first connection portion 10 of the variable flow CPAP generator 6 is connected to the fresh gas inlet 2 via an inlet chamber 21. The inlet chamber 21 is generally defined by the inner wall of a tubular portion extending between the fresh gas inlet 2 and the first connection portion 10 of the variable flow CPAP generator 6. Correspondingly, the second connection portion 11 is connected to the patient interface end 3 via a patient interface chamber 31. The patient interface chamber 31 is generally defined by a tubular portion extending between the second connection portion 11 and the patient interface end 3. However, the patient interface chamber can be any other shape suitable for providing a common cavity for connecting the second connection portion 11 of the variable flow CPAP generator 6 to the common patient interface end 3 of the device 100. The patient interface end 3 of the device 100 can further be connected to any patient interface, such as a mask, nose fork, or endotracheal tube.

[0044] Correspondingly, the third connection portion 12 of the variable flow CPAP generator 6 is connected to the outlet 4 of the device 100 via the outlet chamber 41. The outlet chamber 41 is generally tubular and is arranged with a protruding tube end that extends between the second connection portion 12 and the outlet 4 having a free open end 5. Therefore, Figure 1 The exemplary embodiment shown has three variable flow CPAP generators 6 arranged in parallel, extending between the common fresh gas inlet 2, the patient interface end 3 and the outlet 4 of the device 100, thereby providing a compact device 100.

[0045] exist Figure 1 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the second connection portion 11 and the third connection portion 12 of each variable flow CPAP generator 6 are arranged at an angle to each other. The first connection portion 10 is connected to the third connection portion 12 at an angle and is further arranged substantially coaxially with the second connection portion 11. This geometry of the variable flow CPAP generator 6 is advantageous because it provides stable CPAP generated by the variable flow CPAP generator 6 and provides a lower imposed work of breathing for the patient during use. However, within the scope of the present invention, it is also conceivable to arrange a plurality of variable flow CPAP generators 6 in a device 100 with different geometries.

[0046] refer to Figure 2 According to another embodiment of device 200, device 200 includes four variable flow CPAP generators 6. Each of the four variable flow CPAP generators 6 includes a first connection portion 10, a second connection portion 11, and a third connection portion 12. The first connection portion 10 of the variable flow CPAP generator 6 is connected to a fresh gas inlet 2, the second connection portion 11 is connected to a patient interface end 3, and the third connection portion 12 is connected to an outlet 4 of device 200. Also in this embodiment, the first connection portion 10 of the variable flow CPAP generator 6 is connected to the fresh gas inlet 2 via an inlet chamber 21. Correspondingly, the second connection portion 11 is connected to the patient interface end 3 via a patient interface chamber 31, and the third connection portion 12 of the variable flow CPAP generator 6 is connected to the outlet 4 of device 100 via an outlet chamber 41. The outlet chamber 41 is generally tubular and is arranged as a protruding tube end that extends between the second connection portion 12 and the outlet 4 having a free open end 5. The patient interface 3 of device 100 can be connected to any patient interface, such as a face mask, nose fork, or endotracheal tube. Four variable flow CPAP generators 6 are arranged in parallel, extending between the fresh gas inlet 2, the patient interface 3, and the outlet of device 4, thus providing a compact device 200.

[0047] Now for reference Figure 3 According to yet another embodiment, device 300 includes, as in combination with Figure 1 The three variable flow CPAP generators 6 are arranged as described above. Figure 3 The cross-sectional view shows only one of the variable flow CPAP generators 6. Furthermore, the device 300 includes a pressure relief connection portion 14 with a first end 16 and a second end 17. The first end 16 connects to the patient interface end 3 of the device 300, and the second end 17 can be connected to the pressure relief tube 15, see [link to diagram]. Figure 5 More specifically, the first end 16 is connected to the patient interface end 3 via the patient interface chamber 31. See also Figure 5 The pressure relief connection 14 is generally tubular and extends partially parallel to the second connection 11 of the variable flow CPAP generator 6, and partially extends at an angle toward the side wall 18 of the device. This embodiment can be used for reference. Figure 5 In the system described. It should be noted that the pressure relief connection 14 can be applied to a device with any number of variable flow CPAP generators.

[0048] like Figure 4 The first embodiment of the system 400 shown includes reference Figure 1 An embodiment of the described device 100. Due to... Figure 4 The cross-sectional view shown only shows one of the three variable flow CPAP generators 6. System 400 further includes a fresh gas source 20 that supplies a fresh gas flow to fresh gas inlet 2 via a fresh gas flow tube 22 of system 400. The CPAP level is adjusted at the fresh gas source 20. The system further includes a pressure relief valve 7 and a pressure measuring device 8. The pressure relief valve 7 is arranged here to connect to outlet 4 of device 100. More specifically, system 400 further includes an outlet tube 19 connected to outlet 4 of device 100. The pressure relief valve 7 is arranged along outlet tube 19. Outlet tube 19 includes an open end 23. The pressure measuring device 8 is arranged at the patient interface end 3 of device 100. However, if measuring pressure is not of interest, the pressure measuring device 8 can be omitted in all embodiments.

[0049] refer to Figure 5 According to a second embodiment of system 500, system 500 includes, as referenced Figure 3 The device 300 is the device that includes the pressure relief connection portion 14. For Figure 4 The embodiment shown, due to the cross-sectional view of system 500, in Figure 5Only one of the variable flow CPAP generators 6 can be seen in the system. The system 500 further includes a pressure relief pipe 15 connected to the pressure relief connection portion 14. A pressure relief valve 7 is arranged at the end of the pressure relief pipe 15 away from the pressure relief connection portion 14. A pressure measuring device 8 is arranged here between the pressure relief valve 7 and the pressure relief connection portion 14 at the pressure relief pipe 15.

[0050] The system operates as follows. Reference will be made to a first embodiment of system 400, but a second embodiment of system 500 has corresponding operation. The oxygen concentration and fresh gas flow are adjusted by a standard stirrer and flow meter. The fresh gas flow can vary and is typically set between 5 and 15 liters per minute. Typically, the provided fresh gas flow is between 10 and 12 liters per minute. A fresh gas flow within this range should also prevent rebreathing and provide sufficient inspiratory flow, volume, and time, and allow for some margin in case of leakage at the patient interface. However, fresh gas flows above 15 liters per minute can also be used specifically to treat older children. The system is further configured such that the supplied fresh gas flow within this range generates a CPAP level of 3-10 cm H2O. In a preferred embodiment, the generated CPAP level is 5-6 cm H2O.

[0051] A fresh gas flow is used to drive the variable flow CPAP generator 6. The fresh gas flow to the variable flow CPAP generator 6 is always adjustable. In the illustrative embodiment of the device 100, which includes three variable flow CPAP generators 6, the typical fresh gas flow supplied to the fresh gas inlet 2 is 5-15 liters / minute, thereby typically generating a CPAP level of 3-10 cm H2O. To provide a higher level of CPAP, the flow rate driving the variable flow CPAP generator 6 can be further increased.

[0052] The outlet 4 of the variable flow CPAP generator 6 has an open end 5. Figure 4 In the system 400 shown, outlet pipe 19 is connected to the open-ended outlet 4 of the device and has an open-ended end 23. See also Figure 4 and Figure 6a If the opening 23 of the outlet pipe 19 is blocked, the pressure delivered to the infant will increase from the pressure set by the variable flow CPAP generator 6 until it reaches the opening pressure of the pressure relief valve 7. (Including reference...) Figure 3 In the system 500 of the described device 300, a blockage at the open end 5 of the outlet 4 of device 300 will have the same effect. The pressure relief valve 7 typically opens by approximately 20-30 cm H2O. The increased pressure induces a suction flow. The pressure in system 400 will remain at the set positive venting pressure until the outlet blockage is removed. See also Figure 6bWhen the blocked opening 5 opens, the pressure delivered to the patient will return to the set CPAP level, and this pressure reduction will cause an expiratory flow.

[0053] During spontaneous breathing, the infant stream and fresh gas stream exit the system 400 via the variable flow CPAP generator 6. (See also...) Figure 7 This maintains a stable positive pressure within the airway. By changing the driving flow (i.e., the flow of fresh gas) that generates CPAP pressure, the CPAP level in the airway can be adjusted as needed.

[0054] The patient interface end 3 can be designed in any suitable form to be connected to the patient interface. Furthermore, the patient interface can employ various designs suitable for establishing a connection with the patient's nasal airway (not shown). Therefore, the patient interface can include a pair of opposing nose forks, a face mask, an endotracheal tube, or any other suitable device.

[0055] Systems 400 and 500 may have a backup system in case of failure of pressure relief valve 7. This could be an alarm, a second relief valve, or a system that cuts off the fresh gas flow.

[0056] The pressure measuring device 8 should be positioned as close to the patient as possible to provide accurate recording of the pressure of the gas delivered to the patient. Accuracy will depend on the flow resistance of the patient interface, and for infants, a low-resistance interface should be used if possible. (Reference) Figure 1 and Figure 2 The embodiments of the described apparatus can be considered advantageous because fewer tubes are required in system 400.

[0057] It should be noted that, according to the principles of the invention, the device can be used in a wide variety of patient interface configurations, which may or may not incorporate some or all of the features described above in connection with the patient interface. Therefore, the patient interface is by no means limiting.

[0058] It should be noted that, according to the principles of the invention, this device can be used with a wide variety of variable flow CPAP generators, which may or may not incorporate some or all of the features described above in connection with variable flow CPAP generator 6. Therefore, the model of variable flow CPAP generator 6 is by no means limiting.

[0059] It should be noted that, according to the principles of the invention, this device can be used with a wide variety of pressure relief valves 7 or similar devices that achieve the purpose of releasing air depending on the pressure in the system. Therefore, the model or type of pressure relief valve is by no means limiting.

[0060] It should be noted that, according to the principles of the invention, this device can be used with a wide variety of pressure measuring devices or similar devices for the purpose of measuring pressure in a system. Therefore, the model or type of pressure measuring device is by no means limiting.

[0061] Typical CPAP levels for resuscitation or stabilization of infants range from 4 to 10 cm H2O. Typical peak pressure for PPV is 20-30 cm H2O. This is achieved by blocking these systems and having properly adjusted pressure relief valves.

[0062] The above embodiments of the apparatus and system according to the invention as defined in the appended claims have been described. These embodiments should be considered as non-limiting examples only. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, many modifications and alternative embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

[0063] It should be noted that, for the purposes of its application, particularly with respect to the appended claims, the wording "includes" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the wording "a" or "an" does not exclude multiple, which is obvious to those skilled in the art in itself.

Claims

1. A device (100, 200, 300) for positive pressure ventilation (PPV) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, the device comprising: - Fresh gas inlet (2), which is arranged to receive a fresh gas flow from a fresh gas flow pipe to which it can be connected; - Patient interface terminal (3), which can be connected to the patient interface; -Exit (4), which has an open end (5); as well as - A plurality of variable flow CPAP generators (6), wherein each of the plurality of variable flow CPAP generators is connected to the fresh gas inlet, the patient interface and the outlet of the device. Each of the plurality of variable flow CPAP generators (6) includes a first connection portion, a second connection portion and a third connection portion (10, 11, 12), wherein the first connection portion is connected to the fresh gas inlet (2), the second connection portion is connected to the patient interface end (3) and the third connection portion is connected to the outlet (4) of the device.

2. The device (100, 200, 300) according to claim 1, further comprising an inlet chamber (21) disposed at the fresh gas inlet (2); a patient interface chamber (31) disposed at the patient interface end (3); and an outlet chamber (41) disposed at the outlet (4) of the device, wherein, Each of the plurality of variable flow CPAP generators is connected to the fresh gas inlet, the patient interface, and the outlet via the inlet chamber, the patient interface chamber, and the outlet chamber, respectively.

3. The apparatus (100, 300) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The device includes three variable flow CPAP generators (6).

4. The apparatus (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein, The device includes four variable flow CPAP generators (6).

5. The device (300) according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a pressure relief connection portion (14) having a first end (16) connected to the patient interface end (3) of the device and a second end (17) connectable to a pressure relief tube.

6. A system (400, 500) for PPV and CPAP therapy, the system comprising: The apparatus (100, 200, 300) according to any one of the preceding claims; Fresh gas flow tube (22); A fresh gas source (20) is connected to the fresh gas inlet (2) via the fresh gas flow pipe; and a pressure relief valve (7) is arranged to prevent excessive positive pressure in PPV mode.

7. The system (400, 500) according to claim 6, wherein the system is arranged such that when the open end (5) of the outlet (4) of the device (100, 200, 300) is blocked, the pressure from the variable flow CPAP generator (6) will increase until it reaches the opening pressure of the pressure relief valve (7), the pressure increase causing an inhalation flow, thereby maintaining the pressure in the system at the set PPV pressure until the blockage is removed from the outlet, and when the blocked outlet is opened, the pressure will return to the set CPAP level, thereby reducing the pressure and causing an exhalation flow.

8. The system (400, 500) according to claim 6, wherein the system is arranged such that during spontaneous breathing, by changing the flow of CPAP generated, the patient flow and the fresh gas flow leave the system through these variable flow CPAP generators (6) that maintain a stable positive pressure in the patient's airway, thereby enabling the CPAP in the airway to be adjusted as needed.

9. The system (400, 500) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein, The pressure relief valve is connected to one of the patient interface (3) and outlet (4) of the device (100, 200, 300).

10. The system (400, 500) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, comprising the apparatus (300) according to claim 5, wherein, The pressure relief valve (7) is connected to the pressure relief connection part (14).

11. The system (400, 500) according to any one of claims 6 to 10, further comprising a pressure measuring device (8).

12. The system (400, 500) according to claim 11, wherein, The pressure measuring device (8) is disposed at the patient interface end (3) of the device (100, 200) or connected to the pressure release connection part (14) of the device (300) according to claim 5.

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