A machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation, and discloses a balanced fertilization machine-transplanted rice cultivation method, wherein rice seeds are selected and pre-treated; a rice seedling raising substrate is prepared; the prepared rice seedling raising substrate is placed in a seedling raising tray; the pre-treated preferred rice seeds are sown in the seedling raising tray and the seedlings are cultivated and managed; soil samples of the rice field are collected, and the soil samples are pre-treated and tested to obtain soil sample test results; and the rice field is finely prepared; the fertilizer application amount of the rice field is determined based on the soil sample test results, and base fertilizer is applied according to the determined fertilizer application amount of the rice field; the cultivated rice seedlings are machine-transplanted in the rice field after the base fertilizer is applied, and precise topdressing, precise irrigation, precise plant protection and other field management are performed. The present invention can improve the survival rate of rice seedlings, make the rice seedlings more robust, promote the growth of rice seedlings, and prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation, and in particular relates to a machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization. Background Art

[0002] At present, rice is the crop that ranks first in both cultivated area and total output in my country. The cultivated area accounts for about 30% of the grain crop area, and the output accounts for more than 40% of the total grain crop output. However, the existing rice blanket seedling machine transplanting technology has the problems of poor seedling quality, low seedling age elasticity, long seedling acclimatization period in large fields, and uneven tillering at different stages, which directly affects the balance of rice panicle formation in the later stage. At the same time, the existing rice fertilization method applies a large amount of tillering fertilizer, which directly leads to excessive population size in the middle and late stages of rice growth, serious premature aging, increased probability of disease and insect pests, and affected the increase of rice yield. At the same time, excessive fertilization also aggravates farmland environment and water pollution.

[0003] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the existing technology are as follows: the existing rice cultivation method has poor seedling quality, low seedling age elasticity, a long seedling acclimatization period in the field, and poor balance of rice ear formation; the existing rice fertilization method has serious premature aging phenomenon, which increases the probability of occurrence of diseases and insect pests, low rice yield, and serious pollution. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization.

[0005] The present invention is achieved by providing a machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization, the machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization comprising:

[0006] Step 1, selecting high-quality, plump, and pest-free rice seeds, and performing seed drying, screening, soaking, pre-culturing, low-temperature and high-pressure, and temperature-raising pretreatment on the selected rice seeds to obtain the pretreated preferred rice seeds;

[0007] Step 2: preparing a rice seedling medium using straw biochar, wood ear mushroom husk, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizers, trace elements and growth regulators; placing the prepared rice seedling medium in a seedling tray, and adding an appropriate amount of water to the seedling tray;

[0008] Step 3, sowing the pretreated preferred rice seeds in the rice seedling tray, and covering the surface of the rice seeds with an appropriate amount of rice seedling medium; and spraying an appropriate amount of potassium permanganate solution on the surface of the rice seedling medium to cultivate and manage the rice seedlings;

[0009] Step 4: collecting soil samples from paddy fields, pre-treating the soil samples, and testing the pre-treated soil samples to obtain soil sample test results; and performing fine land preparation for paddy fields;

[0010] Step five, determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied to the rice field based on the soil sample test results, and applying basal fertilizer according to the determined amount of fertilizer to be applied to the rice field; mechanically inserting the cultivated rice seedlings into the rice field after the basal fertilizer is applied, and performing precise topdressing, precise irrigation, precise plant protection and other field management.

[0011] Furthermore, in the step 1, the selected rice seeds are subjected to drying, screening, soaking, pre-culturing, low temperature and high pressure, and temperature pretreatment to obtain the pretreated preferred rice seeds, which comprises:

[0012] First, wash the selected rice seeds to remove surface impurities, and then dry them in the sun for 12-16 hours;

[0013] Secondly, the dried rice seeds are subjected to a water floating test, and the rice seeds that sink to the bottom are selected as preferred rice seeds;

[0014] Furthermore, placing the preferred rice seeds in a soaking solution for soaking, and rinsing the soaked preferred rice seeds with clean water for 1-2 minutes;

[0015] Then, the washed preferred rice seeds are placed in an incubator and cultured at 25-28° C. in a dark environment for 8-16 hours to obtain pre-cultured preferred rice seeds;

[0016] Finally, the pre-cultured preferred rice seeds are treated under low temperature and high pressure, and the temperature of the rice seeds treated under low temperature and high pressure is slowly raised to 25-28° C. under light to obtain the pre-treated preferred rice seeds.

[0017] Further, the seed soaking solution is composed of 20-25 parts of plant growth hormone, 10-15 parts of sodium chloride, 10-15 parts of compounding agent, 5-8 parts of biogas slurry, 5-8 parts of methyl jasmonate, 5-8 parts of polyethylene glycol, 2-3 parts of fungus and insecticide, 2-3 parts of gibberellin and the remainder of rice washing water;

[0018] The compounding agent is obtained by compounding naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid.

[0019] Furthermore, the step of treating the pre-cultured preferred rice seeds under low temperature and high pressure comprises:

[0020] The pre-cultured preferred rice seeds are treated in an environment of 12-15° C. and 120-160 MPa for 20-30 minutes.

[0021] Further, in the step 2, the method of preparing a rice seedling medium using straw biochar, wood ear mushroom chaff, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizers, trace elements and growth regulators comprises:

[0022] First, weigh straw biochar, wood ear mushroom husk, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, trace elements and growth regulators according to the proportion;

[0023] Secondly, the animal excrement and the fungus chaff are mixed evenly and then piled up for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;

[0024] Then, the fermentation product is dried using a drying machine and sterilized using an ultraviolet sterilization device;

[0025] Finally, the sterilized fermentation product, straw biochar, peat soil, inorganic fertilizer, trace elements and growth regulator are crushed by a crusher respectively, and mixed evenly to obtain the rice seedling medium.

[0026] Furthermore, the addition ratio of the straw biochar, wood ear mushroom bran, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, trace elements and growth regulators is: 20-25 parts by mass of biochar, 15-20 parts by mass of wood ear mushroom bran, 15-20 parts by mass of peat soil, 8-15 parts by mass of animal manure, 8-10 parts by mass of inorganic fertilizer, 5-8 parts by mass of trace elements and 5-8 parts by mass of growth regulators.

[0027] Furthermore, the stacking fermentation includes: stacking fermentation at 28-35° C. and a moisture content of 60% for 48-72 hours, and turning the pile every 12 hours.

[0028] Furthermore, in step 4, pre-treating the soil sample includes:

[0029] The collected soil samples are sieved to remove impurities, air-dried in a cool place, and the air-dried soil samples are crushed to obtain pre-treated soil samples.

[0030] Furthermore, in step 4, the soil sample test results include:

[0031] Soil organic matter content, soil total nitrogen content, soil available phosphorus content, soil available potassium content, soil pH value, and soil temperature data.

[0032] Furthermore, in step 5, determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied to the paddy field based on the soil sample test result includes:

[0033] First, the nitrogen content of the fertilizer is determined based on the soil sample test results:

[0034] A=(BC) / D;

[0035] Among them, A represents the nitrogen content of fertilizer; B represents the nitrogen requirement of rice; C represents the nitrogen supply of soil; D represents the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the season;

[0036] Secondly, the principle of balanced fertilization is adopted to determine the amount of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to the nitrogen content of the fertilizer and the test results of soil samples.

[0037] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, please analyze the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention from the following aspects:

[0038] First, in view of the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and the difficulty of solving the problems, the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention and the results and data during the research and development process are closely combined to analyze in detail and deeply how the technical solutions of the present invention solve the technical problems, and some creative technical effects brought about after solving the problems. The specific description is as follows:

[0039] The present invention can improve the survival rate of rice seedlings, make the rice seedlings stronger, promote the growth of rice seedlings, and prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests through an optimized seed treatment method and an improved rice seedling culture medium.

[0040] The balanced fertilization method adopted by the present invention can be beneficial to the absorption and utilization of rice and the movement of nutrients to grains, promote protein and starch synthesis, increase the content of protein and starch in grains, and effectively improve the quality of rice. At the same time, the method of first detecting and analyzing and then determining the amount of fertilizer used in the present invention can improve the fertility of paddy field soil, provide sufficient nutrition supply for rice and will not cause excessive pollution.

[0041] Second, considering the technical solution as a whole or from the perspective of the product, the technical effects and advantages of the technical solution to be protected by the present invention are described in detail as follows:

[0042] The invention can promote the balance of rice ear formation and improve the quality and yield of rice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of a method for obtaining the pretreated preferred rice seeds by drying, screening, soaking, pre-culturing, low temperature and high pressure, and temperature pretreatment of the selected rice seeds provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3The present invention provides a flowchart of a method for preparing a rice seedling medium using straw biochar, wood ear mushroom chaff, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizers, trace elements and growth regulators. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0047] 1. Explanatory Examples In order to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand how to implement the present invention, this section provides an illustrative example that expands and describes the technical solution of the claims.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0049] S101, selecting high-quality, plump, and pest-free rice seeds, and performing seed drying, screening, soaking, pre-culturing, low-temperature and high-pressure, and temperature-raising pretreatment on the selected rice seeds to obtain pretreated preferred rice seeds;

[0050] S102, preparing a rice seedling medium using straw biochar, wood ear mushroom husks, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizers, trace elements and growth regulators; placing the prepared rice seedling medium in a seedling tray, and adding an appropriate amount of water to the seedling tray;

[0051] S103, sowing the pretreated preferred rice seeds in the rice seedling tray, and covering the surface of the rice seeds with an appropriate amount of rice seedling medium; and spraying an appropriate amount of potassium permanganate solution on the surface of the rice seedling medium to cultivate and manage the rice seedlings;

[0052] S104, collecting soil samples from the paddy field, pre-treating the soil samples, and testing the pre-treated soil samples to obtain soil sample test results; and performing fine land preparation for the paddy field;

[0053] S105, determining the fertilizer application amount of the rice field based on the soil sample test result, and applying basal fertilizer according to the determined fertilizer application amount of the rice field; mechanically inserting the cultivated rice seedlings into the rice field after the basal fertilizer application, and performing precise topdressing, precise irrigation, precise plant protection and other field management.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, in step S101, the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention provides drying, screening, soaking, pre-culturing, low temperature and high pressure, and temperature pretreatment of the selected rice seeds to obtain the pretreated preferred rice seeds, including:

[0055] S201, washing the selected rice seeds to remove surface impurities, and then drying the seeds in sufficient sunlight for 12-16 hours;

[0056] S202, performing a water floating test on the sun-dried rice seeds, and selecting the rice seeds that sink to the bottom as preferred rice seeds;

[0057] S203, placing the preferred rice seeds in a soaking solution for soaking, and rinsing the soaked preferred rice seeds with clean water for 1-2 minutes;

[0058] S204, placing the washed preferred rice seeds in an incubator and culturing them at 25-28° C. in a dark environment for 8-16 hours to obtain pre-cultured preferred rice seeds;

[0059] S205, treating the pre-cultured preferred rice seeds under low temperature and high pressure, and slowly heating the rice seeds treated with low temperature and high pressure to 25-28° C. under light to obtain the pre-treated preferred rice seeds.

[0060] The seed soaking solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention consists of 20-25 parts of plant growth hormone, 10-15 parts of sodium chloride, 10-15 parts of compounding agent, 5-8 parts of biogas slurry, 5-8 parts of methyl jasmonate, 5-8 parts of polyethylene glycol, 2-3 parts of fungus and insecticide, 2-3 parts of gibberellin and the remainder of rice washing water.

[0061] The compound agent provided in the embodiment of the present invention is obtained by compounding naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid.

[0062] The method provided in the embodiment of the present invention of treating the pre-cultured preferred rice seeds under low temperature and high pressure comprises:

[0063] The pre-cultured preferred rice seeds are treated in an environment of 12-15° C. and 120-160 MPa for 20-30 minutes.

[0064] like Figure 3 As shown, in step S102, the method of preparing a rice seedling medium using straw biochar, wood ear mushroom chaff, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizers, trace elements and growth regulators provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0065] S301, weighing straw biochar, wood ear mushroom chaff, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, trace elements and growth regulators according to proportion;

[0066] S302, mixing the weighed animal feces and wood ear mushroom chaff uniformly and then stacking and fermenting them to obtain a fermentation product;

[0067] S303, drying the fermentation product using a drying machine, and sterilizing it using an ultraviolet sterilization device;

[0068] S304, the sterilized fermentation product, straw biochar, peat soil, inorganic fertilizer, trace elements and growth regulator are crushed by a crusher respectively, and mixed evenly to obtain the rice seedling medium.

[0069] The addition ratio of straw biochar, wood ear mushroom bran, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, trace elements and growth regulators provided by the embodiment of the present invention is: 20-25 parts by mass of biochar, 15-20 parts by mass of wood ear mushroom bran, 15-20 parts by mass of peat soil, 8-15 parts by mass of animal manure, 8-10 parts by mass of inorganic fertilizer, 5-8 parts by mass of trace elements and 5-8 parts by mass of growth regulator.

[0070] The stacking fermentation provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises: stacking fermentation at 28-35° C. and a moisture content of 60% for 48-72 hours, and turning the pile every 12 hours.

[0071] In step S104, the pre-processing of the soil sample provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0072] The collected soil samples are sieved to remove impurities, air-dried in a cool place, and the air-dried soil samples are crushed to obtain pre-treated soil samples.

[0073] In step S104, the soil sample test results provided by the embodiment of the present invention include:

[0074] Soil organic matter content, soil total nitrogen content, soil available phosphorus content, soil available potassium content, soil pH value, and soil temperature data.

[0075] In step S105, the method of determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied to the paddy field based on the soil sample test result provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0076] First, the nitrogen content of the fertilizer is determined based on the soil sample test results:

[0077] A=(BC) / D;

[0078] Among them, A represents the nitrogen content of fertilizer; B represents the nitrogen requirement of rice; C represents the nitrogen supply of soil; D represents the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the season;

[0079] Secondly, the principle of balanced fertilization is adopted to determine the amount of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to the nitrogen content of the fertilizer and the test results of soil samples.

[0080] 2. Application Examples: In order to prove the creativity and technical value of the technical solution of the present invention, this section provides application examples of the technical solution of the claims on specific products or related technologies.

[0081] The machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the cultivation of various types of rice such as early rice and late rice, which can improve the quality of rice and increase the yield of rice.

[0082] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating rice by machine transplanting with balanced fertilization, characterized in that: The machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization comprises: Step 1, selecting high-quality, plump, and pest-free rice seeds, and performing seed drying, screening, soaking, pre-culturing, low-temperature and high-pressure, and temperature-raising pretreatment on the selected rice seeds to obtain the pretreated preferred rice seeds; Step 2: preparing a rice seedling medium using straw biochar, wood ear mushroom husk, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizers, trace elements and growth regulators; placing the prepared rice seedling medium in a seedling tray, and adding an appropriate amount of water to the seedling tray; Step 3, sowing the pretreated preferred rice seeds in the rice seedling tray, and covering the surface of the rice seeds with an appropriate amount of rice seedling medium; and spraying an appropriate amount of potassium permanganate solution on the surface of the rice seedling medium to cultivate and manage the rice seedlings; Step 4: collecting soil samples from paddy fields, pre-treating the soil samples, and testing the pre-treated soil samples to obtain soil sample test results; and performing fine land preparation for paddy fields; Step 5: determining the fertilizer application amount of the paddy field based on the soil sample test result, and applying basal fertilizer according to the determined fertilizer application amount of the paddy field; mechanically inserting the cultivated rice seedlings into the paddy field after the basal fertilizer application, and performing precise topdressing, precise irrigation, precise plant protection and other field management; In the step 1, the selected rice seeds are subjected to drying, screening, soaking, pre-culturing, low temperature and high pressure, and temperature pretreatment to obtain the pretreated preferred rice seeds, which comprises: First, wash the selected rice seeds to remove surface impurities, and then dry them in the sun for 12-16 hours; Secondly, the dried rice seeds are subjected to a water floating test, and the rice seeds that sink to the bottom are selected as preferred rice seeds; Furthermore, placing the preferred rice seeds in a soaking solution for soaking, and rinsing the soaked preferred rice seeds with clean water for 1-2 minutes; Then, the washed preferred rice seeds are placed in an incubator and cultured at 25-28° C. in a dark environment for 8-16 hours to obtain pre-cultured preferred rice seeds; Finally, the pre-cultured preferred rice seeds are treated under low temperature and high pressure, and the temperature of the rice seeds treated under low temperature and high pressure is slowly raised to 25-28° C. under light to obtain the pre-treated preferred rice seeds.

2. The machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed soaking solution is composed of 20-25 parts of plant growth hormone, 10-15 parts of sodium chloride, 10-15 parts of compounding agent, 5-8 parts of biogas slurry, 5-8 parts of methyl jasmonate, 5-8 parts of polyethylene glycol, 2-3 parts of fungus and insecticide, 2-3 parts of gibberellin and the remainder of rice washing water; The compounding agent is obtained by compounding naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid.

3. The machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The treating of the pre-cultured preferred rice seeds under low temperature and high pressure comprises: The pre-cultured preferred rice seeds are treated in an environment of 12-15° C. and 120-160 MPa for 20-30 minutes.

4. The machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the method of preparing a rice seedling medium using straw biochar, wood ear mushroom husk, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizers, trace elements and growth regulators comprises: First, weigh straw biochar, wood ear mushroom husk, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, trace elements and growth regulators according to the proportion; Secondly, the animal excrement and the fungus chaff are mixed evenly and then piled up for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product; Then, the fermentation product is dried using a drying machine and sterilized using an ultraviolet sterilization device; Finally, the sterilized fermentation product, straw biochar, peat soil, inorganic fertilizer, trace elements and growth regulators are crushed by a crusher respectively, and mixed evenly to obtain the rice seedling medium.

5. The machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The addition ratio of the straw biochar, wood ear mushroom chaff, peat soil, animal manure, inorganic fertilizer, trace elements and growth regulator is: 20-25 parts by mass of biochar, 15-20 parts by mass of wood ear mushroom chaff, 15-20 parts by mass of peat soil, 8-15 parts by mass of animal manure, 8-10 parts by mass of inorganic fertilizer, 5-8 parts by mass of trace elements and 5-8 parts by mass of growth regulator.

6. The machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stacking fermentation includes: stacking fermentation at 28-35°C and 60% moisture content for 48-72 hours, turning the pile every 12 hours.

7. The machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4, pre-treating the soil sample comprises: The collected soil samples are sieved to remove impurities, air-dried in a cool place, and the air-dried soil samples are crushed to obtain pre-treated soil samples.

8. The machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the soil sample test results include: Soil organic matter content, soil total nitrogen content, soil available phosphorus content, soil available potassium content, soil pH value, and soil temperature data.

9. The machine-transplanted rice cultivation method with balanced fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5, determining the amount of fertilizer to be applied to the paddy field based on the soil sample test result includes: First, the nitrogen content of the fertilizer is determined based on the soil sample test results: A=(BC) / D; Among them, A represents the nitrogen content of fertilizer; B represents the nitrogen requirement of rice; C represents the nitrogen supply of soil; D represents the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the season; Secondly, the principle of balanced fertilization is adopted to determine the amount of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to the nitrogen content of the fertilizer and the test results of soil samples.

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