Method and apparatus for performing DAS-based positioning

Abstract

A method for operating a first device (100) in a wireless communication system is proposed. The method may include the following steps: receiving a first positioning reference signal (PRS) from a second device (200) based on a first antenna (106-1), a second antenna (106-2), and a third antenna (106-3); obtaining a first time difference based on a first reception time of the first PRS received by the first antenna (106-2) and a second reception time of the first PRS received by the second antenna (106-2); obtaining a second time difference based on a third reception time of the first PRS received by the third antenna (106-3) and the first reception time; and obtaining a position of the first device (100) based on the first time difference and the second time difference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. Background Art

[0002] Sidelink (SL) communication is a communication scheme in which a direct link is established between user equipments (UEs) and the UEs exchange voice and data directly with each other without intervention of an evolved Node B (eNB). SL communication is being considered as a solution to eNB overhead caused by the rapid growth of data traffic.

[0003] V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) refers to the communication technology used by vehicles to exchange information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-equipped objects. V2X can be categorized into four types: V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle), V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure), V2N (Vehicle-to-Network), and V2P (Vehicle-to-Pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided via the PC5 interface and / or the Uu interface.

[0004] In addition, as more and more communication devices require larger communication capacity, the demand for enhanced mobile broadband communication compared to traditional radio access technology (RAT) is increasing. Therefore, the design of communication systems that take into account UEs or services that are sensitive to reliability and latency has also been discussed. In addition, the next generation of radio access technologies based on enhanced mobile broadband communication, massive machine type communication (MTC), ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC), etc. can be referred to as new RAT (radio access technology) or NR (new radio). In this article, NR can also support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

[0005] Figure 1 This diagram describes NR-based V2X communication compared to V2X communication based on RATs used before NR. Figure 1 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0006] Regarding V2X communication, when discussing RATs used prior to NR, the focus is on solutions that provide safety services based on V2X messages such as BSM (Basic Safety Message), CAM (Cooperation Awareness Message), and DENM (Decentralized Environment Notification Message). V2X messages may include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a UE may send a periodic CAM message type and / or an event-triggered DENM message type to another UE.

[0007] For example, a CAM may include basic vehicle information, such as vehicle dynamic status information (such as direction and speed), and vehicle static data (such as dimensions, external lighting conditions, and route details). For example, a UE may broadcast a CAM, and the CAM latency may be less than 100ms. For example, when an unexpected situation such as a vehicle breakdown or accident occurs, the UE may generate a DENM and send it to another UE. For example, all vehicles within the UE's transmission range may receive the CAM and / or DENM. In this case, the DENM may have a higher priority than the CAM.

[0008] Since then, various V2X scenarios have been proposed for NR regarding V2X communications, including platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving.

[0009] For example, based on vehicle platooning, vehicles can be dynamically grouped and moved together. For example, to perform platooning operations based on vehicle platooning, vehicles in a group can receive periodic data from the vehicle ahead. For example, vehicles in the group can use this periodic data to reduce or increase the distance between vehicles.

[0010] For example, based on improved driving, vehicles can be semi-autonomous or fully autonomous. For example, each vehicle can adjust its trajectory or maneuver based on data obtained from local sensors of neighboring vehicles and / or neighboring logical entities. In addition, for example, each vehicle can share driving intentions with neighboring vehicles.

[0011] For example, based on the expanded sensors, raw data or processed data or live video data obtained by local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logical entities, pedestrian terminals and / or V2X application servers. For example, a vehicle can recognize an improved environment compared to the environment that can be detected using its own sensors.

[0012] For example, remote driving can be used to operate or control a remote vehicle for a person unable to drive or in a dangerous environment. For example, when routes are predictable, such as in public transportation, cloud-based driving can be used to operate or control the remote vehicle. Furthermore, access to cloud-based backend service platforms can be considered for remote driving.

[0013] Meanwhile, methods for specifying service requirements for various V2X scenarios, such as platooning, enhanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving, are being discussed in NR-based V2X communications. Summary of the Invention

[0014] Technical Solution

[0015] According to an embodiment, a method for operating a first device 100 in a wireless communication system may be provided. The method may include: receiving a first positioning reference signal (PRS) from a second device 2 based on a first antenna 106-1, a second antenna 106-2, and a third antenna 106-3; obtaining a first time difference based on a first reception time and a second reception time, receiving the first PRS based on the first antenna 106-1 at the first reception time and receiving the first PRS based on the second antenna 106-2 at the second reception time; obtaining a second time difference based on a third reception time and the first reception time, receiving the first PRS based on the third antenna 106-3 at the third reception time; and obtaining a position of the first device 100 based on the first time difference and the second time difference.

[0016] Effects of the Invention

[0017] A user equipment (UE) can efficiently perform SL communication. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This diagram is used to describe NR-based V2X communication compared to RAT-based V2X communication used before NR.

[0019] Figure 2 The structure of the NR system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 3 A radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 4 The structure of the NR radio frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 5 The structure of the time slot of the NR frame based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0023] Figure 6 An example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0024] Figure 7 A UE performing V2X or SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 8 A process of performing V2X or SL communication by a UE based on a transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0026] Figure 9 Three cast types according to embodiments of the present disclosure are shown.

[0027] Figure 10An example of an architecture in a 5G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, where positioning of a UE connected to a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or E-UTRAN is possible.

[0028] Figure 11 An implementation example of a network for measuring the location of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 12 An example of a protocol layer for supporting LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message transmission between an LMF and a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0030] Figure 13 An example of protocol layers for supporting NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between LMF and NG-RAN nodes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0031] Figure 14 An Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) positioning method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0032] Figure 15 An example of positioning performed by a vehicle equipped with a DAS according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0033] Figure 16 An example of positioning performed by a terminal installed with three DAS antennas according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0034] Figure 17 An example of positioning performed by a terminal equipped with two DAS antennas according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0035] Figure 18 An example of reference points of a DAS and a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] Figure 19 A process of performing wireless communication by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0037] Figure 20 A process of performing wireless communication by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] Figure 21 A communication system 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0039] Figure 22 A wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] Figure 23 A signal processing circuit for transmitting a signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0041] Figure 24 Another example of a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0042] Figure 25 A handheld device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0043] Figure 26 A vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". In other words, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A", "only B", "only C", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0045] As used in this disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" may mean "only A", "only B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0046] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In addition, in the present disclosure, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted as “at least one of A and B”.

[0047] In addition, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B, and C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B, and C.” In addition, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and / or C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C.”

[0048] In addition, the brackets used in the present disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", this may mean that "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information". In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information". Specifically, when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", this may also mean that "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information".

[0049] The technical features described in each of the drawings in the present disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

[0050] The techniques described below can be used in various wireless communication systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), etc. CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), etc. IEEE 802.16m is an evolved version of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility for systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) is part of Evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) that uses E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink. LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of LTE.

[0051] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE-A, a new mobile communication system with high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can use all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, intermediate frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high-frequency bands (millimeter waves) above 24 GHz.

[0052] For clarity of description, the following description will mainly focus on LTE-A or 5G NR. However, the technical features of the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0053] Figure 2 The structure of the NR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0054] Reference Figure 2, the next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) may include a BS 20 that provides user plane and control plane protocol terminations for the UE 10. For example, the BS 20 may include a next generation Node B (gNB) and / or an evolved Node B (eNB). For example, the UE 10 may be fixed or mobile and may be referred to by other terms such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. For example, the BS may be referred to as a fixed station that communicates with the UE 10 and may be referred to by other terms such as a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point (AP), etc.

[0055] Figure 2 The embodiment of the present invention illustrates a case where only gNBs are included. BSs 20 may be connected to each other via an Xn interface. BSs 20 may be connected to each other via a fifth-generation (5G) core network (5GC) and an NG interface. More specifically, BSs 20 may be connected to an access and mobility management function (AMF) 30 via an NG-C interface, and may be connected to a user plane function (UPF) 30 via an NG-U interface.

[0056] The radio interface protocol layers between the UE and the network can be categorized as Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3) based on the lower three layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which is well known in communication systems. The physical (PHY) layer, belonging to Layer 1, provides information transfer services using physical channels, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer, located at Layer 3, controls radio resources between the UE and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the base station layer.

[0057] Figure 3 A radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 3 The embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, Figure 3 (a) in FIG. 1 shows a radio protocol stack for the user plane of Uu communication, and Figure 3 (b) in FIG. 1 shows the radio protocol stack of the control plane for Uu communication. Figure 3 (c) in FIG. 1 shows a radio protocol stack for the user plane of SL communication, and Figure 3 (d) in FIG. 5 shows the radio protocol stack of the control plane for SL communication.

[0058] Reference Figure 3The physical layer provides information transfer services to upper layers via physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the media access control (MAC) layer, which is the upper layer of the physical layer, via transport channels. Data is transferred between the MAC layer and the physical layer via transport channels. Transport channels are categorized based on how data is transmitted over the radio interface and the characteristics of the data being transmitted.

[0059] Data is transmitted between different physical layers (ie, a PHY layer of a transmitter and a PHY layer of a receiver) through a physical channel. The physical channel may be modulated using an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme and uses time and frequency as radio resources.

[0060] The MAC layer provides services to the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, a higher layer of the MAC layer, via logical channels. The MAC layer maps multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC layer provides data delivery services via logical channels.

[0061] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of radio link control service data units (RLC SDUs). To ensure the different quality of service (QoS) required for radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three types of operation modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0062] The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer controls logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels associated with the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of resource allocation (RBs). RBs are logical paths for data delivery between the UE and the network, provided by Layer 1 (i.e., the physical or PHY layer) and Layer 2 (i.e., the MAC layer, RLC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layers).

[0063] The functions of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in the user plane include delivery, header compression and encryption of user data. The functions of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) in the control plane include delivery and encryption / integrity protection of control plane data.

[0064] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. The SDAP layer performs mapping between Quality of Service (QoS) flows and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) and QoS Flow ID (QFI) marking in both DL and UL packets.

[0065] RB configuration refers to the process of specifying radio protocol layers and channel attributes to provide a specific service and determining corresponding detailed parameters and operation methods. RBs can be classified into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). SRBs are used as a path for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, and DRBs are used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0066] When an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state, otherwise the UE may be in the RRC idle (RRC_IDLE) state. In the case of NR, an RRC inactive (RRC_INACTIVE) state is additionally defined, and the UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state may maintain its connection with the core network while releasing its connection with the BS.

[0067] The downlink transport channels for sending (or transmitting) data from the network to the UE include the broadcast channel (BCH) for sending system information and the downlink shared channel (SCH) for sending other user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services can be sent via the downlink SCH or can be sent via a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). In addition, the uplink transport channels for sending (or transmitting) data from the UE to the network include the random access channel (RACH) for sending initial control messages and the uplink shared channel (SCH) for sending other user traffic or control messages.

[0068] Examples of logical channels belonging to a higher layer of a transport channel and mapped to a transport channel may include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), a multicast traffic channel (MTCH), etc.

[0069] Figure 4 The structure of the NR radio frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 4 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0070] Reference Figure 4 In NR, a radio frame can be used to perform uplink and downlink transmissions. The length of a radio frame is 10ms and can be defined as consisting of two half frames (HF). A half frame can include five 1ms subframes (SF). A subframe (SF) can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots within a subframe can be determined according to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each time slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0071] When using a normal CP, each time slot can include 14 symbols. When using an extended CP, each time slot can include 12 symbols. Herein, a symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or a CP-OFDM symbol) and a single carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbol (or a discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol).

[0072] Table 1 shown below shows the number of symbols (N) per time slot according to the SCS configuration (u) in the case of adopting a normal CP. slot symb ), the number of time slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of time slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ).

[0073] [Table 1]

[0074] <![CDATA[SCS(15*2 u )]]> <![CDATA[N slot symb ]]> <![CDATA[N frame,u slot ]]> <![CDATA[N subframe,u slot ]]> 15KHz (u=0) 14 10 1 30KHz (u=1) 14 20 2 60KHz (u=2) 14 40 4 120KHz (u=3) 14 80 8 240KHz (u=4) 14 160 16

[0075] Table 2 shows an example of the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to the SCS in the case of using the extended CP.

[0076] [Table 2]

[0077] <![CDATA[SCS(15*2 u )]]> <![CDATA[N slot symb ]]> <![CDATA[N frame,u slot ]]> <![CDATA[N subframe,u slot ]]> 60KHz (u=2) 12 40 4

[0078] In the NR system, OFDM(A) parameter sets (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently between multiple cells integrated into one UE. Therefore, the (absolute time) duration (or interval) of a time resource (e.g., subframe, time slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as a time unit (TU) for simplicity) consisting of the same number of symbols may be configured differently in the integrated cells.

[0079] In NR, multiple parameter sets or SCSs can be supported to support various 5G services. For example, with an SCS of 15kHz, a wide range of traditional cellular frequency bands can be supported, and with an SCS of 30kHz / 60kHz, dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidths can be supported. With an SCS of 60kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz can be used to overcome phase noise.

[0080] The NR frequency band can be defined as two different types of frequency ranges. The two different types of frequency ranges may be FR1 and FR2. The values ​​of the frequency ranges may be changed (or varied), for example, the two different types of frequency ranges may be as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean "a range below 6 GHz", and FR2 may mean "a range above 6 GHz", and may also be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0081] [Table 3]

[0082] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing (SCS) FR1 450MHz–6000MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz–52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0083] As described above, the value of the frequency range in the NR system can be changed (or varied). For example, as shown in Table 4 below, FR1 may include a bandwidth in the range of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. More specifically, FR1 may include frequency bands of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) and higher. For example, the frequency bands of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) and higher included in FR1 may include unlicensed frequency bands. The unlicensed frequency bands may be used for various purposes, for example, the unlicensed frequency bands are used for vehicle-specific communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0084] [Table 4]

[0085] Frequency range specification Corresponding frequency range Subcarrier spacing (SCS) FR1 410MHz–7125MHz 15, 30, 60kHz FR2 24250MHz–52600MHz 60, 120, 240kHz

[0086] Figure 5 The structure of the time slot of the NR frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 5 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0087] Reference Figure 5 A slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of normal CP, one slot may include 14 symbols. For example, in the case of extended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols. However, in the case of extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols.

[0088] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) can be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 12 subcarriers). A bandwidth part (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (physical) resource blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain, and a BWP can correspond to a parameter set (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Data communication can be performed via activated BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid, and a complex symbol can be mapped to each element.

[0089] Hereinafter, the bandwidth part (BWP) and the carrier will be described in detail.

[0090] A BWP may be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) within a given parameter set. A PRB may be selected from a contiguous set of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given parameter set on a given carrier.

[0091] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in DL BWPs other than the activated DL BWP on the primary cell (PCell). For example, the UE may not receive the PDCCH, physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (excluding RRM) outside the activated DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for inactive DL BWPs. For example, the UE may not transmit the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside the activated UL BWP. For example, in the downlink, the initial BWP may be given as a set of contiguous RBs for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) control resource set (CORESET) (configured by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, in the uplink, the initial BWP may be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP may be configured by higher layers. For example, the initial value of the default BWP may be the initial DL BWP.To save energy, if the UE cannot detect downlink control information (DCI) during a specified period, the UE may switch the UE's active BWP to the default BWP.

[0092] In addition, a BWP can be defined for SL. The same SL BWP can be used in transmission and reception. For example, a transmitting UE can send a SL channel or SL signal on a specific BWP, and a receiving UE can receive a SL channel or SL signal on a specific BWP. In a licensed carrier, the SL BWP can be defined separately from the Uu BWP, and the SL BWP can have configuration signaling separate from the Uu BWP. For example, the UE can receive a configuration for the SL BWP from the BS / network. For example, the UE can receive a configuration for the Uu BWP from the BS / network. The SLBWP is (pre-)configured in the carrier for out-of-coverage NR V2X UEs and RRC_IDLE UEs. For a UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode, at least one SL BWP can be activated in the carrier.

[0093] Figure 6 An example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 6 The embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 6 In the embodiment, the number of BWPs is 3.

[0094] Reference Figure 6 , Common Resource Blocks (CRBs) may be carrier resource blocks numbered from one end of the carrier frequency band to the other. Additionally, PRBs may be resource blocks numbered within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0095] It can be obtained by point A, the offset relative to point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) to configure the BWP. For example, point A can be an external reference point of the PRBs of a carrier, and subcarrier 0 of all parameter sets (e.g., all parameter sets supported by the network on the corresponding carrier) is aligned in point A. For example, the offset can be the PRB distance between the lowest subcarrier in a given parameter set and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given parameter set.

[0096] Hereinafter, V2X or SL communication will be described.

[0097] The side link synchronization signal (SLSS) may include a primary side link synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary side link synchronization signal (SSSS) as SL specific sequences. The PSSS may be referred to as a side link primary synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as a side link secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, an M sequence of length 127 may be used for the S-PSS, and a Gold sequence of length 127 may be used for the S-SSS. For example, the UE may use the S-PSS for initial signal detection and synchronization acquisition. For example, the UE may use the S-PSS and the S-SSS for acquisition of detailed synchronization and for detection of a synchronization signal ID.

[0098] The physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) can be a (broadcast) channel for transmitting default (system) information, which must be known by the UE before SL signal transmission / reception. For example, the default information can be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), time division duplex (TDD) uplink / downlink (UL / DL) configuration, information related to resource pool, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH can be 56 bits, including a 24-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

[0099] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH can be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., SL synchronization signal (SS) / PSBCH block, hereinafter, sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB)). The S-SSB can have the same parameter set (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) / physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth can exist within the (pre-) configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, the S-SSB can have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (SBs). For example, the PSBCH can exist across 11 RBs. In addition, the frequency position of the S-SSB can be (pre-) configured. Therefore, the UE does not have to perform hypothesis detection at the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0100] Figure 7 A UE performing V2X or SL communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 7 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0101] Reference Figure 7In V2X or SL communication, the term "UE" generally refers to a user's UE. However, if a network device such as a base station (BS) transmits / receives signals according to a communication scheme between UEs, the BS may also be considered a type of UE. For example, UE 1 may be first device 100, and UE 2 may be second device 200.

[0102] For example, UE 1 can select a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource from a resource pool representing a set of resources. Furthermore, UE 1 can transmit an SL signal using the resource unit. For example, a resource pool in which UE 1 can transmit a signal can be configured for UE 2, which is a receiving UE, and UE 1's signal can be detected in the resource pool.

[0103] Here, if UE 1 is within the connection range of the BS, the BS can inform UE 1 of the resource pool. Otherwise, if UE 1 is out of the connection range of the BS, another UE can inform UE 1 of the resource pool, or UE 1 can use a pre-configured resource pool.

[0104] Generally, a resource pool may be configured in units of multiple resources, and each UE may select one or more units of resources to use in its SL signaling.

[0105] Hereinafter, resource allocation in SL will be described.

[0106] Figure 8 A process of performing V2X or SL communication by a UE based on a transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 8 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with the various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the various embodiments of the present disclosure, a transmission mode may be referred to as a mode or a resource allocation mode. Hereinafter, for ease of explanation, in LTE, a transmission mode may be referred to as an LTE transmission mode. In NR, a transmission mode may be referred to as an NR resource allocation mode.

[0107] For example, Figure 8 (a) in FIG. 1 shows UE operations related to LTE transmission mode 1 or LTE transmission mode 3. Alternatively, for example, Figure 8 (a) in FIG. 4 shows UE operations related to NR resource allocation mode 1. For example, LTE transmission mode 1 can be applied to conventional SL communication, and LTE transmission mode 3 can be applied to V2X communication.

[0108] For example, Figure 8 (b) in FIG. 4 shows UE operations related to LTE transmission mode 2 or LTE transmission mode 4. Alternatively, for example, Figure 8 (b) in FIG. 4 shows UE operations related to NR resource allocation mode 2.

[0109] Reference Figure 8 In (a), in LTE transmission mode 1, LTE transmission mode 3, or NR resource allocation mode 1, the BS may schedule SL resources to be used by the UE for SL transmission. For example, the BS may perform resource scheduling for UE 1 through PDCCH (e.g., downlink control information (DCI)) or RRC signaling (e.g., configuration grant type 1 or configuration grant type 2), and UE 1 may perform V2X or SL communication with respect to UE 2 according to the resource scheduling. For example, UE 1 may transmit sidelink control information (SCI) to UE 2 through a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), and thereafter transmit data based on the SCI to UE 2 through a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH).

[0110] Reference Figure 8 (b) in LTE transmission mode 2, LTE transmission mode 4 or NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE can determine the SL transmission resources within the SL resources configured by the BS / network or the pre-configured SL resources. For example, the configured SL resources or the pre-configured SL resources can be a resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the UE can perform SL communication by autonomously selecting resources in the configured resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select resources within the selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection processes. For example, sensing can be performed in units of subchannels. In addition, UE 1, which has autonomously selected resources in the resource pool, can send SCI to UE 2 via PSCCH, and thereafter send data based on the SCI to UE 2 via PSSCH.

[0111] Figure 9 Three broadcast types are shown according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 9 The embodiments of can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, Figure 9 (a) shows a broadcast type SL communication, Figure 9 (b) in FIG. 4 shows unicast type SL communication, and Figure 9 (c) in FIG. 5 shows multicast SL communication. In the case of unicast SL communication, the UE can perform one-to-one communication with another UE. In the case of multicast SL transmission, the UE can perform SL communication with one or more UEs in the group to which the UE belongs. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, SL groupcast communication can be replaced by SL multicast communication, SL one-to-many communication, etc.

[0112] Hereinafter, positioning will be described.

[0113] Figure 10An example of an architecture in a 5G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, where positioning of a UE connected to a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or E-UTRAN is possible. Figure 10 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0114] refer to Figure 10 , the AMF may receive a request for a positioning service related to a specific target UE from a different entity (such as the Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC)), or may determine to start the positioning service in the AMF itself rather than in the specific target UE. The AMF may then send the positioning service request to the Positioning Management Function (LMF). Upon receiving the positioning service request, the LMF may process the positioning service request and return the processing request including the estimated location of the UE, etc. to the AMF. Meanwhile, if the positioning service request is received from a different entity other than the AMF (such as the GMLC), the AMF may pass the processing request received from the LMF to the different entity.

[0115] The next generation enhanced NB (ng-eNB) and gNB are network elements of NG-RAN that can provide measurement results for position estimation, and can measure the radio signals of the target UE and pass the result values ​​to the LMF. In addition, the ng-eNB can control several transmission points (TPs) (such as remote radio heads) or support PRS-dedicated TPs for the positioning reference signal (PRS)-based beacon system for E-UTRA.

[0116] The LMF may be connected to the Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC), and the E-SMLC may allow the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC may allow the LMF to support Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA), one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN, by using downlink measurements obtained by the target UE via signals sent from the gNB and / or the PRS dedicated TP in the E-UTRAN.

[0117] At the same time, the LMF can be connected to the SUPL Positioning Platform (SLP). The LMF can support and manage different positioning determination services for the corresponding target UE. The LMF can interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain positioning measurements of the UE. For the positioning of the target UE, the LMF can determine the positioning method based on the positioning service (LCS) client type, the requested quality of service (QoS), the UE positioning capabilities, the gNB positioning capabilities and the ng-eNB positioning capabilities, etc., and can apply such positioning methods to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. In addition, the LMF can determine additional information such as the position estimate for the target UE and the accuracy of the position estimate and velocity. The SLP is the secure user plane positioning (SUPL) entity responsible for positioning through the user plane.

[0118] The UE may measure downlink signals through NG-RAN, E-UTRAN and / or other sources (such as different global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and terrestrial beacon systems (TBS), wireless local area network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, UE pressure sensors, etc.). The UE may include an LCS application. The UE may communicate with a network to which the UE can access, or the LCS application may be accessed through another application included in the UE. The LCS application may include measurement and calculation functions required to determine the position of the UE. For example, the UE may include an independent positioning function (such as a global positioning system (GPS)) and may report the position of the UE independently of NG-RAN transmissions. Such independently obtained positioning information may be used as auxiliary information for positioning information obtained from the network.

[0119] Figure 11 An implementation example of a network for measuring the location of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 11 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0120] When the UE is in the Connection Management (CM) idle state, if the AMF receives a positioning service request, the AMF may establish a signaling connection with the UE and may request the network to trigger a service to allocate a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. Figure 11 This operation process is omitted in Figure 11 The UE may be assumed to be in connected mode. However, due to signaling and data deactivation, the NG-RAN may release the signaling connection while performing the positioning procedure.

[0121] Will refer to Figure 11The network operation process for measuring the location of the UE is described in detail. In step S1110, the 5GC entity such as the GMLC may request the serving AMF to provide a positioning service for measuring the location of the target UE. However, even if the GMLC does not request the positioning service, based on step S1115, the serving AMF may determine that the positioning service is required for measuring the location of the target UE. For example, in order to measure the location of the UE for an emergency call, the serving AMF may determine to directly perform the positioning service.

[0122] Thereafter, the AMF may send a positioning service request to the LMF based on step S1120, and the LMF may initiate a positioning procedure to obtain location measurement data or location measurement assistance data with the serving ng-eNB and serving gNB. Additionally, based on step S1135, the LMF may initiate a positioning procedure for downlink positioning with the UE. For example, the LMF may send assistance data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355, or may obtain a location estimate or location measurement. Step S1135 may be performed in addition to or instead of step S1130.

[0123] In step S1140, the LMF may provide a positioning service response to the AMF. In addition, the positioning service response may include information on whether the UE's location estimation is successful and the UE's location estimation value. Thereafter, if Figure 11 The process is initiated by step S1110, then the AMF may deliver the positioning service response to the 5GC entity such as GMLC, and if Figure 11 The process is initiated by step S1115, and the AMF can use the positioning service response to provide positioning services related to emergency calls, etc.

[0124] Figure 12 An example of a protocol layer for supporting LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message transmission between an LMF and a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 12 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0125] LPP PDUs can be sent via NAS PDUs between AMF and UE. Figure 12, LPP can be terminated between the target device (e.g., UE in the control plane or SUPL enabled terminal (SET) in the user plane) and the positioning server (e.g., LMF in the control plane and SLP in the user plane). LPP messages can be delivered in the form of transparent PDUs through intermediate network interfaces using appropriate protocols, such as NG Application Protocol (NGAP) through the NG Control Plane (NG-C) interface and NAS / RRC through the NR-Uu interface. The LPP protocol can achieve positioning for NR and LTE by using various positioning methods.

[0126] For example, based on the LPP protocol, the target device and the positioning server can exchange mutual capability information, assistance data for positioning, and / or positioning information. In addition, LPP messages can be used to indicate the exchange of error information and / or the interruption of the LPP process.

[0127] Figure 13 An example of protocol layers for supporting NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between LMF and NG-RAN nodes according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 13 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0128] refer to Figure 13 , NRPPa can be used for information exchange between the NG-RAN node and the LMF. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange enhanced cell IDs (E-CIDs) for measurement, data for supporting the OTDOA positioning method, and cell IDs, cell location IDs, etc. for the NR cell ID positioning method, which are transmitted from the ng-eNB to the LMF. Even if there is no information about the associated NRPPa transaction, the AMF can route the NRPPa PDU based on the routing ID of the associated LMR through the NG-C interface.

[0129] The procedures of the NRPPa protocol for positioning and data collection can be divided into two types. The first type is a UE-associated procedure for transferring information about a specific UE (e.g., location measurement information, etc.), while the second type is a non-UE-associated procedure for transferring information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and associated TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information, etc.). Both types of procedures can be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0130] At the same time, examples of positioning methods supported in NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDOA, enhanced cell ID (E-CID), air pressure sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning and terrestrial beacon system (TBS), uplink time difference of arrival (UTDOA), etc.

[0131] (1) OTDOA (Observed Time Difference of Arrival)

[0132] Figure 14 An Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) positioning method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 14 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0133] refer to Figure 14 The OTDOA positioning method uses the measured timing of downlink signals received by the UE from the eNB, ng-eNB, and multiple TPs including the PRS-dedicated TP. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using location assistance data received from a positioning server. Furthermore, the UE's position can be determined based on these measurement results and the geometric coordinates of neighboring TPs.

[0134] A UE connected to a gNB may request measurement gaps from a TP for OTDOA measurements. If the UE cannot identify the single frequency network (SFN) of at least one TP in the OTDOA assistance data, the UE may use autonomous gaps to obtain the SNF of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting measurement gaps to perform reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements.

[0135] In this document, RSTD can be defined based on the minimum relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from the reference cell and the measurement cell, respectively. That is, RSTD can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of a subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time of the subframe of the reference cell closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell. The UE can also select a reference cell.

[0136] For correct OTDOA measurement, it may be necessary to measure the time of arrival (TOA) of signals received from three or more geometrically distributed TPs or BSs. For example, the TOA may be measured for each of TP1, TP2, and TP3, and the RSTD for TP1-TP2, the RSTD for TP2-TP3, and the RSTD for TP3-TP1 may be calculated for these three TOAs. Based on this, a geometric hyperbola may be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect may be estimated as the position of the UE. In this case, since there may be accuracy and / or uncertainty for each TOA measurement, the estimated position of the UE may be referred to as a specific range based on the measurement uncertainty.

[0137] For example, the RSTD for two TPs may be calculated based on Equation 1.

[0138] [Equation 1]

[0139]

[0140] In this paper, c can be the speed of light, {x t ,y t} can be the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, {x i ,y i} may be the coordinates of a (known) TP, and {x1, y1} may be the coordinates of a reference TP (or another TP). i -T1) can be called the "real time difference (RTD)" as the transmission time offset between two TPs, and n i , n1 can represent a value related to the UE TOA measurement error.

[0141] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0142] In the Cell ID (CID) positioning method, the UE's position can be measured using the geometric information of the UE's serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, the geometric information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0143] At the same time, in addition to the CID positioning method, the E-CID positioning method can also use additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources, etc. to improve the UE position estimate. In the E-CID positioning method, although some measurement methods similar to those used in the measurement control system of the RRC protocol can be used, additional measurements for only the UE's position measurement are generally not performed. In other words, no measurement configuration or measurement control message may be additionally provided to measure the UE's position. In addition, the UE may not expect to request additional measurement operations for only position measurement, and may report measurement values ​​obtained by measurement methods that the UE can perform measurements in a general manner.

[0144] For example, the serving gNB may implement the E-CID positioning method using E-UTRA measurements provided from the UE.

[0145] Examples of measurement elements that may be used for E-CID positioning may be as follows.

[0146] -UE measurements: E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx Time Difference, GSM EDGE Random Access Network (GERAN) / WLAN Reference Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), UTRAN Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Received Signal Code Power (RSCP), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0147] -E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference, timing advance (TADV), angle of arrival (AoA)

[0148] Herein, TADV can be classified into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0149] TADV type 1 = (ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference) + (UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx time difference)

[0150] TADV type 2 = ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference

[0151] At the same time, AoA can be used to measure the direction of the UE. AoA can be defined as an estimated angle relative to the UE's position counterclockwise from the BS / TP. In this case, the geographic reference direction can be north. The BS / TP can use uplink signals such as the sounding reference signal (SRS) and / or the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) to perform AoA measurements. In addition, the larger the antenna array is arranged, the higher the measurement accuracy of AoA. When the antenna array is arranged at the same interval, the signals received from adjacent antenna elements can have a constant phase rotation.

[0152] (3) UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0153] UTDOA is a method for determining the UE's location by estimating the arrival time of the SRS. When calculating the estimated SRS arrival time, the UE's location can be estimated by using the serving cell as a reference cell and the arrival time difference relative to another cell (or BS / TP). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can indicate the serving cell of the target UE to indicate the SRS transmission to the target UE. In addition, the E-SMLC can provide configurations such as whether the SRS is periodic or aperiodic, bandwidth, frequency / group / sequence hopping, etc.

[0154] The above-mentioned existing positioning methods use a method in which, in a state where the positions of three or more anchor nodes are known in advance or the position information is sent to the UE, the UE performs positioning on the UE by applying the TDOA method to the PRS transmitted by the anchor node, or a method in which the UE transmits the PRS to the anchor node and applies TDOA so that the positioning server performs positioning on the UE.

[0155] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a UE equipped with a distributed antenna system (DAS) as a method of removing the restriction of three or more anchor nodes can even perform positioning of the UE by using a smaller number of anchor nodes. In the present disclosure, the UE may include a vehicle having the characteristics described with reference to the UE. For example, the UE equipped with a DAS may include a vehicle equipped with a DAS.

[0156] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in case that a UE is equipped with a DAS configured with two or more antennas, positioning of the UE may be performed using two or more anchor nodes as follows.

[0157] A DAS-equipped UE can determine the UE's position even if the number of gNBs / roadside units (RSUs) involved in positioning is reduced. For example, even if the number of RSUs / gNBs required in existing OTDOA methods is less than three, the reference signal time difference (RSTD) measured at each antenna is combined with the absolute position information of the RSUs / gNBs to calculate the UE's absolute position.

[0158] Figure 15 An example of positioning performed by a vehicle equipped with a DAS according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 15 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0159] refer to Figure 15 , a UE can be equipped with two antennas. For example, based on the known distance between the two antennas, the UE can perform its own positioning with two gNBs / RSUs. For example, a UE can perform its own positioning with fewer than three gNBs / RSUs.

[0160] For example, assuming that the UE uses DAS and there is no timing error of the network, RSTD can be expressed as the following Equation 2 with respect to the coordinates of the UE.

[0161] [Equation 2]

[0162]

[0163]

[0164] For example, and (x RSUj ,y RSUj ) can be the known coordinates of the i-th RSU and the j-th RSU respectively. In addition, (x m ,y m ) and (x n ,y n ) can be the coordinates of the mth antenna and the nth antenna, respectively. Since the displacement between all two antennas is known, the coordinates of the nth antenna can be expressed based on the coordinates of the mth antenna. Therefore, no new unknown values ​​can be generated. Therefore, since the unknown values ​​are only two independent equations and (x m ,y m), the solution to the equation can be found. That is, for example, the coordinates of the mth antenna can be obtained based on the above equation 2. Therefore, for example, when two DAS antennas are installed on a UE, the absolute positioning of the UE may only require two RSUs.

[0165] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in a case where a UE is equipped with a DAS configured with three or more antennas, positioning of the UE may be performed as follows even if one RSU is used.

[0166] For example, two different DAS antenna pairs can provide two independent RSTD equations, as shown in Equation 3 below.

[0167] [Equation 3]

[0168]

[0169]

[0170] For example, It can be the RSTD between the mth antenna and the nth antenna starting from the i-th RSU. In addition, e m，n It can be the estimated error for using the mth antenna and the nth antenna. As described above, the coordinates of all antennas can be expressed based on the coordinates of the reference antenna and the displacement from the reference antenna. For example, as in the case of Equation 2, Equation 3 has (x m ,y m ) and two independent equations, thus, the solution of the equation can be obtained. That is, for example, the coordinates of the mth antenna can be obtained based on the above equation 3. Therefore, when more than two DAS antennas are installed in the UE, the absolute positioning of the UE may only require one RSU.

[0171] Figure 16 An example of positioning performed by a UE equipped with three DAS antennas according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 16 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0172] refer to Figure 16 , a UE may include three DAS antennas. For example, the UE may be a vehicle. For example, the UE may receive signals transmitted by a gNB / RSU via three DAS antennas for its own positioning. For example, the UE may perform absolute positioning based on the signals. For example, the signals may be PRS. For example, absolute positioning of the UE may be performed based on RSTD associated with each of the two DAS antenna pairs included in the UE.

[0173] In the present disclosure, a method has been proposed in which a UE equipped with a DAS configured with two or three or more antennas can perform positioning of the UE itself based on two RSUs or one RSU. For example, considering the location and installation density of anchor nodes (e.g., RSUs or base stations) that can transmit and receive signals with a vehicle while traveling on a road, the proposed method can relax the constraints of existing positioning methods that require three or more anchor nodes, and perform efficient positioning.

[0174] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, antenna positions can generally be appropriately determined and utilized for enhanced positioning. For example, positioning antennas can be implemented on both sides. For example, this can be implemented in the form of antenna distribution on the UE side, or can be manifested as RSU deployment on the infrastructure side. For example, the antenna distribution on the UE side can include a DAS.

[0175] UE DAS is considered an important solution for increasing communication capabilities such as antenna coverage. For example, consider two antenna panels, each of which can be installed on the front bumper and rear bumper (or front roof and rear roof).

[0176] Figure 17 An example of positioning performed by a UE equipped with two DAS antennas according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 17 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0177] refer to Figure 17 , the UE may include two DAS antennas. For example, the UE may be a vehicle. For example, the two DAS antennas may be mounted on the front bumper and the rear bumper of the vehicle, respectively.

[0178] The goal of antenna distribution technology may be to improve positioning performance such as accuracy, reliability, and availability using DAS. When the measurements of distributed antennas are appropriately combined according to the embodiments described below, the position accuracy and reliability of positioning can be improved.

[0179] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the UE's location can generally be indicated as a reference point for the UE. For example, the reference point can be the center of the UE. For example, the UE's location can be signaled via a CAM message. For example, after estimating the positions of each antenna based on a TDOA method, the estimated antenna positions can be converted to the UE's location based on the geometry of the DAS.

[0180] Figure 18 An example of reference points of a DAS and a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 18 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0181] refer to Figure 18 , it can be assumed that multiple DAS antennas are installed in the UE. For example, the number and location of DAS antennas can be changed according to the shape / design of the UE and the V2X performance / coverage requirements. For example, (x i ,y i ) can be the position of the i-th antenna, d i It can be the distance from the reference point to the i-th antenna, θ i It can be the angle between the direction of the UE and the coordinate direction of the i-th antenna. In this case, the angle (x) as the position of the i-th antenna can be obtained based on the following equation 4. i ,y i ) The position of the reference point (x Ri ,y Ri ).

[0182] [Equation 4]

[0183] (x Ri ,y Ri )=(x i ,y i )-(d i cos(θ i ), d i sin(θ i ))

[0184] As described above, the position of the UE can be estimated independently of the position of each antenna of the DAS. For example, to improve the accuracy of UE positioning, the independently estimated positions of the UE from the positions of the corresponding antennas can be combined. For example, as one method, a weighting factor can be applied based on the reliability of each estimate. For example, the reliability of each estimate can be determined based on the received signal quality or the number of gNBs / RSUs used for antenna positioning. For example, the final reference point (i.e., the position of the UE (x)) can be determined based on the following equation 5. R ,y R )).

[0185] [Equation 5]

[0186] (x R ,y R )=∑β Ri ·(x Ri ,y Ri )

[0187] For example, 0≤β Ri ≤1 can represent the estimated reference point (x Ri ,y Ri ) weighting factor, needs to satisfy ∑β Ri =1.

[0188] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, for example, when the gNB / RSU supports TDoA-based positioning, such as OTDoA, the accuracy and reliability of UE positioning may be reduced due to incomplete synchronization between the gNB / RSU. For example, by subtracting two TDoA measurement results measured by two distributed antennas, the impact of timing errors can be eliminated. For example, two TDoA measurement results can be measured and obtained for the same gNB / RSU pair.

[0189] For example, it can be assumed that there are multiple RSUs near a UE on which multiple DAS antennas are mounted. For example, the multiple RSUs may be at least three. For example, the timing error te between the i-th RSU and the j-th RSU can be eliminated from the two RSTDs estimated at the m-th antenna and the n-th antenna of the DAS based on the following equation 6: i，j .

[0190] [Equation 6]

[0191]

[0192]

[0193]

[0194] For example, m and e n can be the estimated error at each of the mth antenna and the nth antenna, e = e m -e n The estimated error of the result can be . For example, if more than two of the above equations are obtained from different RSU pairs, the UE's position can be estimated without degradation due to timing synchronization errors of the network. For high-precision positioning, an important benefit of DAS may be that it does not require any network synchronization conditions.

[0195] Figure 19 A process of performing wireless communication by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 19 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0196] refer to Figure 19In step S1910, the first device may receive a first positioning reference signal (PRS) from the second device based on the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna. In step S1920, the first device may obtain a first time difference based on a first reception time and a second reception time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the first antenna at the first reception time and the first PRS is received based on the second antenna at the second reception time. In step S1930, the first device may obtain a second time difference based on a third reception time and the first reception time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the third antenna at the third reception time. In step S1940, the first device may obtain the position of the first device based on the first time difference and the second time difference, wherein the first device may include the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna.

[0197] For example, the location of the first device may be obtained based on the following equation:

[0198]

[0199]

[0200] It can represent the first time difference, Can represent the second time difference, x RSUi and Can represent the coordinates of the second device, x m and y m Can represent the coordinates of the first antenna, x n and y n Can represent the coordinates of the second antenna, x k and y k τ may represent the coordinates of the third antenna, c may represent the speed of light, and the position of the first device may be obtained based on the coordinates of the first antenna.

[0201] For example, x can be expressed based on the coordinates of the first antenna. n and y n , and x can be expressed based on the coordinates of the first antenna k and y k .

[0202] For example, the location of the first device may be obtained based on the location of at least one of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna.

[0203] For example, the location of the first device may be obtained based on the following equation:

[0204] (x Ri ,y Ri )=(x i ,y i )-(d i cos(θi ), d i sin(θ i )),

[0205] x Ri and y Ri It can be expressed based on (x i ,y i ) Get the coordinates of the first device, x i and y i It can represent the coordinates of at least one of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna, d i It can be expressed as (x Ri ,y Ri ) and (x i ,y i ), θ i It can be expressed as passing through (x Ri ,y Ri ) is the reference direction of the axis from (x Ri ,y Ri ) through (x i ,y i ), and the position of the first device can be obtained based on the coordinates of the first device.

[0206] For example, the location of the first device may be obtained based on the following equation:

[0207] (x Ri ,y Ri )=(x i ,y i )-(d i cos(θ i ), disn(θ i ))

[0208] (x R ,y R )=∑β Ri ·(x Ri ,y Ri ),

[0209] x R and y R It can represent the estimate of the coordinates of the first device, x Ri and y Ri The first reference position, the second reference position, or the third reference position of the first device may be represented based on an estimate of the coordinates of each of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna, β Ri may represent the first weighting factor, the second weighting factor, or the third weighting factor associated with each of the first reference position, the second reference position, or the third reference position, x i and yi An estimate of the coordinates of each of the first, second, or third antennas may be represented by d i may represent the distance between the location of the first device and the location of each of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna, θ i It can be expressed as passing through (x Ri ,y Ri ) is the reference direction of the axis from (x Ri ,y Ri ) through (x i ,y i ) and the position of the first device can be obtained based on the estimation of the coordinates of the first device.

[0210] For example, the sum of the first weighting factor, the second weighting factor, and the third weighting factor may be 1.

[0211] For example, the first weighting factor, the second weighting factor, and the third weighting factor may be real numbers between greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.

[0212] For example, the first weighting factor, the second weighting factor, and the third weighting factor may be related to the received signal quality of the first PRS associated with each of the first reference position, the second reference position, and the third reference position.

[0213] For example, the first device may be a vehicle including a first antenna, a second antenna, and a third antenna.

[0214] For example, the second device may be a base station or a road side unit (RSU).

[0215] For example, in addition, the first device may receive a second PRS from a third device, receive a third PRS from a fourth device, obtain a third time difference based on the first reception time and a fourth reception time, wherein the second PRS is received based on the first antenna at the fourth reception time, obtain a fourth time difference based on the second reception time and a fifth reception time, wherein the second PRS is received based on the second antenna at the fifth reception time, obtain a fifth time difference based on the first reception time and a sixth reception time, wherein the third PRS is received based on the first antenna at the sixth reception time, obtain a sixth time difference based on the second reception time and a seventh reception time, wherein the third PRS is received based on the second antenna at the seventh reception time, and obtain the location of the first device based on the third time difference, the fourth time difference, the fifth time difference, and the sixth time difference.

[0216] For example, the location of the first device may be obtained based on the following equation:

[0217]

[0218]

[0219]

[0220]

[0221]

[0222]

[0223]

[0224]

[0225] Can represent the third time difference, Can represent the fourth time difference, can represent the fifth time difference, can represent the sixth time difference, It can indicate the first receiving time, Can indicate the fourth receiving time, Can indicate the sixth reception time, Can indicate the second receiving time, Can indicate the fifth reception time, Can represent the seventh receiving time, x m and y m Can represent the coordinates of the first antenna, y n and y n Can represent the coordinates of the second antenna, x RSUi and Can represent the coordinates of the second device, x RSUj and y RSUj Can represent the coordinates of a third device, and may denote coordinates of the fourth device, c may denote the speed of light, and the position of the first device may be obtained based on the coordinates of the first antenna and the coordinates of the second antenna.

[0226] The above embodiments can be applied to various devices described below. For example, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can receive a first positioning reference signal (PRS) from the second device 200 based on the first antenna 106-1, the second antenna 106-2, and the third antenna 106-3. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can obtain a first time difference based on a first reception time and a second reception time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the first antenna 106-1 at the first reception time and the first PRS is received based on the second antenna 106-2 at the second reception time. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can obtain a second time difference based on a third reception time and the first reception time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the third antenna 106-3 at the third reception time. Furthermore, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can obtain a position of the first device 100 based on the first time difference and the second time difference.

[0227] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device for performing wireless communication may be proposed. For example, the first device may include: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connected to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers. For example, the one or more processors may execute instructions to: receive a first positioning reference signal (PRS) from a second device based on a first antenna, a second antenna, and a third antenna; obtain a first time difference based on a first reception time and a second reception time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the first antenna at the first reception time and the first PRS is received based on the second antenna at the second reception time; obtain a second time difference based on the third reception time and the first reception time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the third antenna at the third reception time; and obtain a position of the first device based on the first time difference and the second time difference, wherein the first device may include the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna.

[0228] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a device suitable for controlling a first user equipment (UE) may be proposed. For example, the device may include: one or more processors; and one or more memories, the one or more memories being operably connected to the one or more processors and storing instructions. For example, the one or more processors may execute instructions to: receive a first positioning reference signal (PRS) from a second UE based on a first antenna, a second antenna, and a third antenna; obtain a first time difference based on a first reception time and a second reception time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the first antenna at the first reception time and the first PRS is received based on the second antenna at the second reception time; obtain a second time difference based on the third reception time and the first reception time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the third antenna at the third reception time; and obtain a position of the first UE based on the first time difference and the second time difference, wherein the first UE may include the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna.

[0229] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, a first device may: receive a first positioning reference signal (PRS) from a second device based on a first antenna, a second antenna, and a third antenna; obtain a first time difference based on a first reception time and a second reception time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the first antenna at the first reception time and the first PRS is received based on the second antenna at the second reception time; obtain a second time difference based on a third reception time and the first reception time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the third antenna at the third reception time; and obtain a position of the first device based on the first time difference and the second time difference, wherein the first device may include the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna.

[0230] Figure 20 A process of performing wireless communication by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 20 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0231] refer to Figure 20 In step S2010, the second device may send a positioning reference signal (PRS) to the first device. For example, the first device may include a first antenna, a second antenna, and a third antenna. The first device may obtain a first time difference based on a first reception time and a second reception time, wherein the first device receives the PRS based on the first antenna at the first reception time and receives the PRS based on the second antenna at the second reception time. A second time difference may be obtained based on the first reception time and the third reception time, wherein the first device receives the PRS based on the third antenna at the third reception time. The first device's position may be obtained based on the first time difference and the second time difference.

[0232] For example, the location of the first device may be obtained based on the following equation:

[0233]

[0234]

[0235] It can represent the first time difference, Can represent the second time difference, x RSUi and Can represent the coordinates of the second device, x m and y m Can represent the coordinates of the first antenna, x n and y n Can represent the coordinates of the second antenna, x k and y k may represent the coordinates of the third antenna, c may represent the speed of light, and the position of the first device may be obtained based on the coordinates of the first antenna.

[0236] The above embodiments may be applied to various devices to be described below. For example, the processor 202 of the second device 200 may transmit a positioning reference signal (PRS) to the first device 100.

[0237] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device for performing wireless communication may be proposed. For example, the second device may include: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors connected to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers. For example, the one or more processors may execute instructions to: send a positioning reference signal (PRS) to a first device, wherein the first device may include a first antenna, a second antenna, and a third antenna, wherein a first time difference may be obtained based on a first reception time and a second reception time, wherein at the first reception time, the first device receives the PRS based on the first antenna, and at the second reception time, the first device receives the PRS based on the second antenna, wherein a second time difference may be obtained based on the first reception time and the third reception time, wherein at the third reception time, the first device receives the PRS based on the third antenna, and wherein the position of the first device may be obtained based on the first time difference and the second time difference.

[0238] For example, the location of the first device may be obtained based on the following equation:

[0239]

[0240]

[0241] It can represent the first time difference, Can represent the second time difference, x RSUi and Can represent the coordinates of the second device, x m and y m Can represent the coordinates of the first antenna, x n and y n Can represent the coordinates of the second antenna, x k and y k may represent the coordinates of the third antenna, c may represent the speed of light, and the position of the first device may be obtained based on the coordinates of the first antenna.

[0242] Hereinafter, devices to which respective embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied will be described.

[0243] The various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operational flows of the present disclosure described in this document may be applied to, but not limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0244] Hereinafter, a more detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / descriptions, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks or functional blocks.

[0245] Figure 21 A communication system (1) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 21 The embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0246] Reference Figure 21, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station (BS), and a network. Herein, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or Long Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. The wireless device may include, but is not limited to, a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an extended reality (XR) device (100c), a handheld device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an Internet of Things (IoT) device (100f), and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server (400). For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication. Herein, a vehicle may include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices may include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices and may be implemented in the form of head-mounted devices (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices may include smartphones, smart boards, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., notebooks). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters. For example, a BS and a network may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0247] Here, in addition to LTE, NR, and 6G, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure may also include narrowband IoT for low-power communication. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, without being limited to the above names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN and may be referred to by various names including enhanced machine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least any one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, without being limited to the above names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, a low-power wide area network (LPWAN), and ZigBee considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above names. As an example, ZigBee technology can generate a personal area network (PAN) related to low / low-power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, and can be referred to by various names.

[0248] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to a network 300 via a base station (BS) 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to an AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. While wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via the BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can also communicate directly with each other (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can communicate directly (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0249] Wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, or 150c may be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200 or BS 200 / BS 200. Here, the wireless communication / connection may be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). The wireless device and the BS / wireless device may transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via the wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, the wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b may transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and at least a portion of the resource allocation process for transmitting / receiving radio signals may be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0250] Figure 22 A wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0251] Reference Figure 22 , the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit radio signals via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to Figure 21 {wireless device (100x) and BS (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x) and wireless device (100x)}.

[0252] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally further include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102 may control the memory(s) 104 and / or the transceiver(s) 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processor(s) 102 may process information in the memory(s) 104 to generate first information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signals through the transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 may receive a radio signal including second information / signals through the transceiver 106, and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor(s) 102. For example, the memory(s) 104 may store software code including instructions for executing part or all of the processing controlled by the processor(s) 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, the processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 106 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via the antenna(s) 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may be used interchangeably with the radio frequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0253] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may additionally further include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s) 202 may control the memory(s) 204 and / or the transceiver(s) 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. For example, the processor(s) 202 may process information in the memory(s) 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a radio signal including the third information / signals through the transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 may receive a radio signal including fourth information / signals through the transceiver(s) 106, and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor(s) 202. For example, the memory(s) 204 may store software code including instructions for executing part or all of the processing controlled by the processor(s) 202 or for executing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document. Here, the processor(s) 202 and the memory(s) 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuitry / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 206 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via the antenna(s) 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 206 may be used interchangeably with the RF unit(s). In the present disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuitry / chip.

[0254] The hardware elements of wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail below. One or more protocol layers may be, but are not limited to, implemented by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed herein, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document.

[0255] The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. The firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204, thereby being driven by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document may be implemented using software or firmware in the form of code, commands, and / or command sets.

[0256] One or more memories 104 and 204 can be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and can store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 can be composed of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard drive, registers, cash memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 can be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 can be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0257] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels described in the methods and / or operational flows of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels described in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and may transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may control the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may control the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in this document via one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas can be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can convert received radio signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals so that the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. can be processed by one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 can convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors 102 and 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0258] Figure 23 A signal processing circuit for transmitting a signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0259] Reference Figure 23 , the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050) and a signal generator (1060). Figure 23 operations / functions, not limited to Figure 22 The processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of Figure 22The processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) are implemented Figure 23 For example, you can Figure 22 Alternatively, the processor (102, 202) can implement blocks 1010 to 1060. Figure 22 The processor (102, 202) implements blocks 1010 to 1050 and can be implemented by Figure 22 The transceiver (106, 206) is used to implement block 1060.

[0260] Can be passed Figure 23 The signal processing circuit (1000) converts the codeword into a radio signal. Herein, the codeword is a coded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., UL-SCH transport block, DL-SCH transport block). The radio signal may be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0261] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by the scrambler 1010. The scrambling sequence for scrambling can be generated based on an initial value, and the initial value can include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by the modulator 1020. The modulation scheme may include pi / 2-binary phase shift keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by the layer mapper 1030. The modulation symbol of each transmission layer can be mapped (precoded) to (one or more) corresponding antenna ports by the precoder 1040. The output z of the precoder 1040 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper 1030 with the N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) on the complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 may perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0262] The resource mapper 1050 can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1060 can generate a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be sent to other devices through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an upconverter.

[0263] Can be used with Figure 23 The signal processing process for the signal received in the wireless device is configured in the opposite manner to the signal processing process (1010-1060) of the wireless device. Figure 22 100, 200) can receive a radio signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signal can be converted into a baseband signal by a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapping process, a post-coding process, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling process. The codeword can be restored to the original information block by decoding. Therefore, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for receiving a signal may include a signal restorer, a resource demapper, a post-coding process, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0264] Figure 24 Another example of a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms according to use cases / services (see Figure 21 ).

[0265] Reference Figure 24 , the wireless device (100, 200) may correspond to Figure 22 The wireless devices (100, 200) may be configured by various elements, components, units / portions, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional components (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and (one or more) transceivers (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include Figure 22 One or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204). For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include Figure 22The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory (130), and the additional components (140), and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) can control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). The control unit (120) can transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit (110) through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication unit (110) through a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0266] The additional component (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional component (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in the following forms without limitation: a robot ( Figure 21 100a), vehicles ( Figure 21 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR devices ( Figure 21 100c), handheld devices (100d of Figure 2146), home appliances ( Figure 21 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 21 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, hologram equipment, public safety equipment, MTC equipment, medical equipment, fintech equipment (or financial equipment), security equipment, climate / environmental equipment, AI servers / equipment ( Figure 21 400), BS( Figure 21 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, wireless devices can be used in mobile or fixed places.

[0267] exist Figure 24In the present invention, the various elements, components, units / parts and / or modules in the wireless device (100, 200) can all be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least part of them can be connected wirelessly through the communication unit (110). For example, in each of the wireless devices (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) can be connected through a wired interface, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) can be connected wirelessly through the communication unit (110). Each element, component, unit / part and / or module in the wireless device (100, 200) can also include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) can be constructed by a collection of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit (120) can be constructed by a collection of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory ( 130 ) may be constructed by random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, and / or combinations thereof.

[0268] Hereinafter, the implementation will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 24 .

[0269] Figure 25 A handheld device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The handheld device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a notebook). The handheld device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT).

[0270] Reference Figure 25 , the handheld device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b) and an I / O unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to Figure 24 Frame 110 to 130 / 140.

[0271] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or base stations. The control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the components of the handheld device 100. The control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to operate the handheld device 100. The memory unit 130 can store input / output data / information. The power supply unit 140a can supply power to the handheld device 100 and include wired / wireless charging circuits, a battery, etc. The interface unit 140b can support connection between the handheld device 100 and other external devices. The interface unit 140b may include various ports for connecting to external devices (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports). The I / O unit 140c can input or output user-input video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information. The I / O unit 140c may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 140d, a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0272] For example, in the case of data communication, the I / O unit 140c can obtain information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals directly to other wireless devices or to the BS. The communication unit 110 can receive radio signals from other wireless devices or BSs and then restore the received radio signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit 130 and can be output as various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or tactile) through the I / O unit 140.

[0273] Figure 26 A vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle can be implemented by a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

[0274] Reference Figure 26 , the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a drive unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c) and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to Figure 24 Box 110 / 130 / 140.

[0275] The communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., gNBs and roadside units), and servers. The control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling components of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. The control unit 120 may include an electronic control unit (ECU). The drive unit 140a can cause the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to travel on the road. The drive unit 140a may include an engine, a motor, a transmission system, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status, external environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140 c may include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a location module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a lighting sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140 d may implement a technology for maintaining a lane in which the vehicle is traveling, a technology for automatically adjusting the speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), a technology for autonomously driving along a determined path, a technology for driving by automatically setting a path with a destination set, etc.

[0276] For example, the communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d can generate an autonomous driving path and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit 120 can control the drive unit 140a so that the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle 100 can move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 can aperiodically / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from the external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. During autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit 110 can transmit information about the vehicle's location, autonomous driving path, and / or driving plan to the external server. The external server can use AI technology, etc. based on the information collected from the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle to predict traffic information data and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous driving vehicle.

[0277] The claims in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features in the method claims of this specification can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, and the technical features in the apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method. In addition, the technical features in (one or more) method claims and (one or more) apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus. In addition, the technical features in (one or more) method claims and (one or more) apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or performed in a method.

Claims

1. A method for performing wireless communication by a first device, the method comprising: receiving a first positioning reference signal (PRS) from a second device based on the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna; Obtaining a first time difference based on a first receiving time and a second receiving time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the first antenna at the first receiving time and the first PRS is received based on the second antenna at the second receiving time; obtaining a second time difference based on a third receiving time and the first receiving time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the third antenna at the third receiving time; obtaining a first reference position, a second reference position, and a third reference position of the first device based on an estimate of the coordinates of each of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna; obtaining a first weighting factor, a second weighting factor, and a third weighting factor associated with each of the first reference position, the second reference position, or the third reference position; obtaining an estimate of coordinates of the first device based on the first weighting factor, the second weighting factor, and the third weighting factor; as well as obtaining a position of the first device based on the first time difference and the second time difference and based on an estimate of coordinates of the first device, The first device includes the first antenna, the second antenna and the third antenna.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The position of the first device is obtained based on the following equation: in, represents the first time difference, in, represents the second time difference, Among them, x RSUi and represents the coordinates of the second device, Among them, x m and y m represents the coordinates of the first antenna, Among them, x n and y n represents the coordinates of the second antenna, Among them, x k and y k represents the coordinates of the third antenna, where c is the speed of light, and The position of the first device is obtained based on the coordinates of the first antenna.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The coordinates of the first antenna are used to represent x n and y n ,as well as Wherein, x is represented based on the coordinates of the first antenna. k and y k .

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein: A location of the first device is obtained based on a location of at least one of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The position of the first device is obtained based on the following equation: (x Ri ,y Ri )=(x i ,y i )-(d i cos(θ i ),d i sin(θ i )), Among them, x Ri and y Ri Indicates that based on (x i ,y i ) obtain the coordinates of the first device, Among them, x i and y i represents the coordinates of at least one of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna, Among them, d i represents (x Ri ,y Ri ) and (x i ,y i ), Among them, θ i Indicates that passing through the (x Ri ,y Ri ) axis reference direction from the (x Ri ,y Ri ) passes through the (x i ,y i ), and Wherein, the position of the first device is obtained based on the coordinates of the first device.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The position of the first device is obtained based on the following equation: (x Ri ,y Ri )=(x i ,y i )-(d i cos(θ i ),d i sin(θ i )) (x R ,and R )=∑β Ri ·(x Ri ,and Ri ), Among them, x R and y R representing said estimate of coordinates of said first device, Among them, x Ri and y Ri representing the first reference position, the second reference position, or the third reference position of the first device based on the estimate of coordinates of each of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna, Among them, β Ri represents the first weighting factor, the second weighting factor, or the third weighting factor associated with each of the first reference position, the second reference position, or the third reference position, Among them, x i and y i represents an estimate of the coordinates of each of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna, Among them, d i represents a distance between the location of the first device and the location of each of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna, Among them, θ i Indicates that passing through the (x Ri ,y Ri ) axis reference direction from the (x Ri ,y Ri ) passes through the (x i ,y i ), and Wherein, the position of the first device is obtained based on the estimation of the coordinates of the first device.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The sum of the first weighting factor, the second weighting factor, and the third weighting factor is 1.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The first weighting factor, the second weighting factor, and the third weighting factor are real numbers between greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The first weighting factor, the second weighting factor, and the third weighting factor are related to received signal quality of the first PRS obtained with respect to each of the first reference position, the second reference position, and the third reference position.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein The first device is a vehicle including the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein The second device is a base station or a road side unit (RSU).

12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving a second PRS from a third device; receiving a third PRS from a fourth device; Obtaining a third time difference based on the first reception time and a fourth reception time at which the second PRS is received by the first antenna; obtaining a fourth time difference based on the second reception time and a fifth reception time at which the second PRS is received by the second antenna; obtaining a fifth time difference based on the first reception time and a sixth reception time at which the third PRS is received by the first antenna; obtaining a sixth time difference based on the second reception time and a seventh reception time at which the third PRS is received by the second antenna; as well as A location of the first device is obtained based on the third time difference, the fourth time difference, the fifth time difference, and the sixth time difference.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The position of the first device is obtained based on the following equation: in, represents the third time difference, in, represents the fourth time difference, in, represents the fifth time difference, in, represents the sixth time difference, in, represents the first receiving time, in, represents the fourth receiving time, in, represents the sixth reception time, in, represents the second receiving time, in, represents the fifth reception time, in, represents the seventh reception time, Among them, x m and y m represents the coordinates of the first antenna, Among them, x n and y n represents the coordinates of the second antenna, Among them, x RSUi and represents the coordinates of the second device, in, and represents the coordinates of the third device, in, and represents the coordinates of the fourth device, where c is the speed of light, and The position of the first device is obtained based on the coordinates of the first antenna and the coordinates of the second antenna.

14. A first device for performing wireless communication, the first device comprising: one or more memories storing instructions; one or more transceivers; as well as one or more processors connected to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions to: receiving a first positioning reference signal (PRS) from a second device based on the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna; Obtaining a first time difference based on a first receiving time and a second receiving time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the first antenna at the first receiving time and the first PRS is received based on the second antenna at the second receiving time; obtaining a second time difference based on a third receiving time and the first receiving time, wherein the first PRS is received based on the third antenna at the third receiving time; obtaining a first reference position, a second reference position, and a third reference position of the first device based on an estimate of the coordinates of each of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna; obtaining a first weighting factor, a second weighting factor, and a third weighting factor associated with each of the first reference position, the second reference position, or the third reference position; obtaining an estimate of coordinates of the first device based on the first weighting factor, the second weighting factor, and the third weighting factor; and obtaining a position of the first device based on the first time difference and the second time difference and based on an estimate of coordinates of the first device, The first device includes the first antenna, the second antenna and the third antenna.

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