Light emitting component, light emitting device and sheet material

Abstract

Light emitting component comprising a light source (10) for emitting blue light (aa), a first layer (1) comprising a red phosphor and a second layer (2) comprising a luminescent crystal (20). Upon absorption of light emitted by the light source (10), the luminescent crystal (20) emits light (cc) in the green light spectrum. The first layer (1) is arranged adjacent to the light source (10). The second layer (2) is arranged remote from the first layer (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates in a first aspect to a light-emitting component and in a second aspect to a light-emitting device comprising the light-emitting component and in a third aspect to a sheet-like material. Background Art

[0002] Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) or display components of the prior art include components based on quantum dots. In particular, the backlight components of such LCDs may include an RGB backlight composed of red, blue, and green light. Currently, quantum dot particles are typically used to generate the backlight colors of such backlight components.

[0003] The manufacture of such components presents several challenges. One challenge is the embedding of the nanocrystals into the component. Due to the varying chemical properties of quantum dots, incompatibilities can exist between various embedding materials containing quantum dots, or even between quantum dots embedded within the same material. Such incompatibilities can lead to degradation of the materials in the display component, potentially impacting the lifetime of the display.

[0004] Components based on light-emitting crystals often involve challenges regarding stability and brightness, wherein good stability of these components and high display brightness are difficult to achieve.

[0005] The light conversion factor in this context refers to the ratio of the intensity of green light emitted by the free-standing film in the perpendicular direction to the intensity of blue light that disappears (eg, by absorption, reflection, or scattering) in the direction perpendicular to the free-standing film.

[0006] A critical value related to display brightness is transmission haze, which refers to the amount of light that experiences wide-angle scattering when passing through a transparent or partially transparent material (a free-standing film in the present invention), typically at angles greater than 2.5° from normal incidence (measured by ASTM D1003; for example, using a BYK Gardner haze meter).

[0007] The technical effect of low haze is that lower haze results in higher display brightness, measured as the "light conversion factor" (LCF) of the free-standing film.

[0008] EP 3 296 378 A1 discloses a composite luminescent material. The composite luminescent material comprises a matrix and perovskite nanoparticles. The perovskite nanoparticles are dispersed within the matrix, wherein the mass ratio of the perovskite nanoparticle matrix to the perovskite nanoparticles is 1:(1-50). The evaporation conditions of the organic solvent system can be controlled to control the crystallization of the polymer matrix, the placement of additives, and the nucleation and growth of the perovskite nanoparticles. The haze of the material is primarily determined by the partial crystallization of the polymer. Haze is an inherent property of the polymer. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a light-emitting component which is manufactured in a way that prevents incompatibility of quantum dot materials in light-emitting components, in particular LCD displays. In addition, the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art with regard to stability and brightness.

[0010] The present invention will be described in detail below. It should be understood that the various embodiments, preferences and ranges provided / disclosed in this specification can be combined arbitrarily. In addition, depending on the specific embodiment, a selected definition, embodiment or range may not apply.

[0011] Unless otherwise stated, the following definitions shall apply to this specification:

[0012] As used in the context of the present invention, the terms "a," "an," "the," and similar terms are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The term "comprising" is intended to include "including," "consisting essentially of," and "consisting of" as a whole. Percentages are given in weight %, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. "Independently" means that a substituent / ion can be selected from one of the substituents / ions, or a combination of more than one of the above.

[0013] The term "phosphor" (LC) is known in the art and relates to a material that exhibits luminescence, in particular a fluorescent material. Thus, a red phosphor is a material that exhibits luminescence in the range of 610-650 nm, for example centered around 630 nm. Thus, a green phosphor is a material that exhibits luminescence in the range of 500-550 nm, for example centered around 530 nm. Typically, phosphors are inorganic particles.

[0014] The term "luminescent crystals" (LCs) is known in the art and refers to crystals of 3-100 nm made from semiconductor materials. The term encompasses quantum dots, typically in the range of 2-15 nm, and nanocrystals, typically in the range of greater than 15 nm and up to 100 nm (preferably up to 50 nm). Preferably, the luminescent crystals are approximately equiaxed (e.g., spheres or cubes). Particles are considered to be approximately equiaxed when the aspect ratio (longest:shortest direction) of all three orthogonal dimensions is 1-2. Thus, an assembly of LCs preferably contains 50-100% (n / n), preferably 66-100% (n / n), and more preferably 75-100% (n / n) equiaxed nanocrystals.

[0015] As the term suggests, LCs exhibit luminescence. In the context of the present invention, the term luminescent crystals encompasses both single-crystalline and polycrystalline particles. In the latter case, a particle can contain multiple crystalline domains (grains) connected by crystalline or amorphous phase boundaries. Luminescent crystals are semiconductor materials that exhibit a direct band gap (typically in the range of 1.1-3.8 eV, more typically 1.4-3.5 eV, and even more typically 1.7-3.2 eV). Upon irradiation with electromagnetic radiation at or above the band gap, valence band electrons are excited to the conduction band, leaving electron holes in the valence band. The excitons (electron-electron-hole pairs) formed then radiatively recombine in the form of photoluminescence, with a maximum intensity centered near the LC band gap value and exhibiting a photoluminescence quantum yield of at least 1%. In contact with an external source of electrons and electron holes, LCs can exhibit electroluminescence.

[0016] The term "quantum dot" (QD) is known and relates in particular to semiconductor nanocrystals having a diameter typically between 2 and 15 nm. Within this range, the physical radius of the QD is smaller than the bulk excitation Bohr radius, so that the quantum confinement effect dominates. As a result, the electronic state of the QD and therefore the band gap is a function of the QD composition and physical size, i.e. the color of absorption / emission is related to the QD size. The optical quality of a QD sample is directly related to its uniformity (more monodisperse QDs will have a smaller emission FWHM). When the QDs reach a size greater than the Bohr radius, the quantum confinement effect is hindered and the sample may no longer emit light as the non-radiative path of exciton recombination may become dominant. Therefore, QDs are a specific subset of nanocrystals, defined in particular by their size and size distribution.

[0017] The term "perovskite crystal" is known and particularly includes crystalline compounds of the perovskite structure. This perovskite structure itself is known and is described as a cubic, quasi-cubic, tetragonal or orthorhombic crystal of the general formula M1M2X3, wherein M1 is a cation with a coordination number of 12 (cuboctahedron), M2 is a cation with a coordination number of 6 (octaeder), and X is an anion in a cubic, quasi-cubic, tetragonal or orthorhombic position of the crystal lattice. In these structures, the selected cation or anion can be replaced by other ions (randomly or regularly up to 30 atomic %), thereby resulting in a doped perovskite or a non-stoichiometric perovskite that still maintains its initial crystalline structure. The manufacture of such luminescent crystals is known, for example, from WO2018028869.

[0018] The term "polymer" is known and includes organic and inorganic synthetic materials comprising repeating units ("monomers"). The term polymer includes homopolymers and copolymers. Furthermore, crosslinked polymers and non-crosslinked polymers are included. Depending on the context, the term polymer should include its monomers and oligomers. Polymers include, for example, acrylate polymers, carbonate polymers, sulfone polymers, epoxy polymers, vinyl polymers, urethane polymers, imide polymers, ester polymers, furan polymers, melamine polymers, styrene polymers, norbornene polymers, silicone polymers and cycloolefin copolymers. As is conventional in the art, polymers may include other materials such as polymerization initiators, stabilizers, fillers, solvents.

[0019] Polymers can be further characterized by physical parameters such as polarity, glass transition temperature (Tg), Young's modulus, and transmittance.

[0020] Transmittance: Typically, the polymer used in the context of the present invention is transparent to visible light, i.e., not opaque, thereby allowing the light emitted by the luminescent crystal and possibly the light source used to excite the luminescent crystal to pass through. Transmittance can be determined by white light interferometry or UV-visible spectroscopy.

[0021] Glass transition temperature: (Tg) is a well-known parameter in the field of polymers; it describes the temperature at which an amorphous or semi-crystalline polymer transitions from a glassy (hard) state to a softer, compliant or elastic state. Polymers with a high Tg are considered "hard", while polymers with a low Tg are considered "soft". At the molecular level, Tg is not a discrete thermodynamic transition, but a temperature range over which the mobility of the polymer chains increases significantly. However, it is customary to report a single temperature defined as the midpoint of this temperature range, which is bounded by the tangents of the two flat areas of the heat flow curve measured by DSC. Tg can be determined using DSC according to DIN EN ISO 11357-2 or ASTM E1356. This method is particularly suitable if the polymer is in the form of a bulk material. Alternatively, Tg can be determined by measuring the temperature-dependent micro- or nano-hardness using micro- or nano-indentation techniques according to ISO 14577-1 or ASTM E2546-15. This method is suitable for the light-emitting components and lighting devices disclosed herein. Suitable analytical equipment is available as MHT (Anton Paar), Hysitron TI Premier (Bruker), or Nano Indenter G200 (Keysight Technologies). Data obtained by temperature-controlled micro- and nanoindentation techniques can be converted to Tg. Typically, the work of plastic deformation or Young's modulus or hardness is measured as a function of temperature, and Tg is the temperature at which these parameters change significantly.

[0022] Young's modulus or Young modulus is a measure of the stiffness of a solid material. It defines the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (proportional deformation) in a material that exhibits linear elasticity.

[0023] The term "scattering particles" is known and comprises organic or inorganic particles having a refractive index different from the matrix into which the scattering particles are incorporated. Due to this difference in refractive index, light passing through the matrix will be scattered or diffracted at the position of each scattering particle. The typical size of the scattering particles is in the range of 20 - 20,000 nm, preferably 50 - 10,000 nm, more preferably 100 - 5,000 nm. As the term particle implies, a network is excluded. Typically, the difference in refractive index ΔRI scattering particle - solid polymer is at least 0.02, preferably 0.1, more preferably 0.2. Typically, the amount of such scattering particles can vary in a wide range, a suitable minimum concentration is for example more than 0.01 wt.%, preferably more than 0.1 wt.%, most preferably 1 wt.%. A suitable maximum concentration is less than 30 wt.%, preferably less than 15 wt.%, more preferably less than 8 wt.%. In case of a self-supporting film 50 - 5000 mg / m2, preferably 100 - 1000 mg / m2, for example 500 mg / m2.

[0024] According to the present application, the above-mentioned problems are solved by the first aspect of the present application, the light emitting component comprising a light source, a first layer comprising a red phosphor and a second layer comprising a luminescent crystal.

[0025] The first layer is arranged adjacent to the light source. The term "layer" refers to all possible types how the red phosphor can be applied to the light source. In particular, if the red phosphor is applied as a film or as droplets or as individual particles, this type of application of the red phosphor is covered by the term "layer". In particular, the layer does not need to be a continuous layer nor does it need to be homogeneous.

[0026] In particular, the first layer can further be a quantum dot assembly distributed adjacent to the light source.

[0027] The adjacent arrangement of the first layer to the light source means that the first layer is in close contact with the surface of the light source. Upon absorption of the blue light of the light source, the red phosphor of the first layer emits light in the red light spectrum. In particular, the red phosphor of the first layer emits light having a longer wavelength than the excitation wavelength of the light source.

[0028] The second layer comprises a luminescent crystal of a perovskite structure. Upon absorption of the light emitted by the light source, the luminescent crystal emits light having a wavelength in the green light spectrum. In particular, the luminescent crystal of the second layer emits light having a longer wavelength than the excitation wavelength of the light source.

[0029] The second layer has a haze h2 of 20≤h2≤70%.

[0030] Advantageously, the second layer has a haze h2 of 10%

[0031] Haze in the context of the present invention means transmission haze. Transmission haze is the amount of light that undergoes wide-angle scattering when passing through a transparent material (the second layer in the present invention) (at angles greater than 2.5° from the normal direction of incidence (measured by ASTM D1003; for example, using a Bykgardner haze meter).

[0032] The second layer is arranged remotely from the first layer. Remotely in this context particularly means that the second layer is arranged such that it is not in contact with the first layer or that it is not substantially in contact with the first layer. Remotely may further mean that the second layer is arranged parallel to the first layer with a certain distance between them.

[0033] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second layer may contain luminescent crystals, polymers and scattering particles.

[0034] In this case, the haze in the second layer is generated by scattering particles distributed in the polymer.

[0035] Advantageously, the luminescent crystals are embedded in a cross-linked polymer, in particular a solid cross-linked polymer. Typically, such a cross-linked polymer is transparent with a low haze of <10%.

[0036] The haze of cross-linked polymers can be increased by incorporating scattering particles into such polymers.

[0037] Advantageously, the luminescent component comprises a luminescent crystal, wherein the luminescent crystal is selected from the compounds of formula (II):

[0038] [M 1 A 1 ] a M 2 b X c (II), in which:

[0039] A 1 represents one or more organic cations, preferably formamidinium,

[0040] M 1 represents one or more alkali metals,

[0041] M 2 Indicates one or more except M 1 Other metals, especially Pb,

[0042] X represents one or more anions selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides and sulfides, in particular Br, ​

[0043] a represents 1-4,

[0044] b means 1-2,

[0045] c represents 3-9, and

[0046] There is M 1 or A 1 , or M 1 and A 1 .

[0047] Further advantageously, the concentration of Pb is 5-200 mg / m 2 , especially 10-100mg / m 2 , very specifically 20-80 mg / m 2 ,

[0048] In particular, the first layer is arranged between the light source and the second layer.

[0049] In particular, there is an air gap between the second layer and the first layer or the red phosphor, respectively. This gap can also be a vacuum gap or a gap filled with another gas.

[0050] In particular, the second layer is arranged parallel to the first layer.

[0051] In particular, the second layer is arranged so that there is an air gap between the first and second layers, but so that there are support points between the first and second layers to keep the second layer a certain distance from the first layer.

[0052] In particular, the second layer is arranged such that there is substantially an air gap between the first layer and the second layer, although contact points may still exist between the first layer and the second layer.

[0053] The particular arrangement of the light source(s), the first layer and the second layer prevents incompatibilities between their individual materials, in particular between the materials of the first layer and the second layer.

[0054] For an advantageous embodiment, the light source, the first layer and the second layer are arranged vertically in the stated order.

[0055] In particular, the second layer may be arranged away from more than one light source and / or more than one first layer.

[0056] In particular, the second layer may be arranged remote from more than one light source, wherein each light source comprises its own first layer adjacent to the respective light source.

[0057] In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the second layer has a haze h2 of h2 ≤ 80%, preferably ≤ 70%, most preferably ≤ 60%.

[0058] In another advantageous embodiment of the application, the second layer has a haze h2 of 10 < h2 < 80 %, preferably 20 < h2 < 70 %, most preferably 30 < h2 < 60 %.

[0059] The low haze of the second layer has the technical effect that the luminescent perovskite crystals in the second layer are more stable, especially when they are exposed to a blue light source. The stability is a result of the lower haze, a reduction of the multiplex scattering of blue light in the second layer.

[0060] In addition, a further technical effect of the low haze is that the lower haze leads to a higher display brightness, measured as a "light conversion factor" (LCF) of the second layer. The light conversion factor of the second layer refers to the ratio of the green light intensity emitted by the second layer in the vertical direction and the blue light intensity that is lost (e.g. by absorption, reflection or scattering) by the second layer in the vertical direction.

[0061] In a further advantageous embodiment of the application, the red phosphor is selected from one or more of a core-shell quantum dot and / or is based on In or Cd, preferably on InP or CdSe, respectively. The shell typically comprises ZnS or ZnSeS.

[0062] In a further advantageous embodiment of the application, the core-shell quantum dot has a quantum dot-in-rods structure. Preferably, such quantum dot-in-rods structure is based on CdSe.

[0063] In a further advantageous embodiment of the application, the core-shell quantum dot comprises a Zn-doped CdSe core. Such doping, sometimes also referred to as alloying, reduces the amount of Cd per quantum dot.

[0064] Advantageously, the red phosphor is a Mn+4-doped phosphor of formula (I):

[0065] A x [MF y ]:Mn 4+ (I), wherein:

[0066] A represents Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or a combination thereof,

[0067] M represents Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof,

[0068] x represents the absolute value of the charge of the [MF y ] ion; and

[0069] Y represents 5, 6, or 7,

[0070] In particular, wherein the red phosphor has formula (I):

[0071] K2SiF6:Mn 4+ .

[0072] In a further advantageous embodiment of the light-emitting component, the perovskite light-emitting crystals are selected from compounds of formula (II):

[0073] [M 1 A 1 ] a M 2 b X c (II), in which:

[0074] A 1 represents one or more organic cations, preferably formamidinium (FA),

[0075] M 1 represents one or more alkali metals,

[0076] M 2 represents one or more metals other than M1, in particular Pb,

[0077] X represents one or more anions selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides and sulfides, in particular Br,

[0078] a represents 1-4,

[0079] b means 1-2,

[0080] c represents 3-9, and

[0081] There is M 1 or A 1 , or M 1 and A 1 .

[0082] In particular, formula (II) describes a perovskite luminescent crystal which, upon absorbing light emitted by a light source, emits light in the green spectrum with a wavelength between 500 nm and 550 nm, in particular centered around 527 nm.

[0083] In particular, formula (II) describes luminescent crystals, wherein X represents a halide or pseudohalide, such as Br, Cl, CN, in particular Br.

[0084] In particular, formula (II) describes a luminescent crystal, wherein M 2 Indicates Pb.

[0085] In particular, formula (II) describes a luminescent crystal wherein A 1 represents FA (formamidinium) and M 1 Does not exist.

[0086] Advantageously, the luminescent crystal is further embedded in a solid polymer. Suitable are, in particular, polymers wherein the repeating units of the polymer satisfy the following ratio: [O atoms + N atoms] / [C atoms] < 0.9. Preferably, this value is < 0.4, more preferably < 0.3, and most preferably < 0.25.

[0087] In a further advantageous embodiment, this solid polymer comprises an acrylate. Very preferably, the polymer comprises or consists of repeating units selected from cycloaliphatic acrylates (monofunctional acrylates).

[0088] In another advantageous embodiment, the solid polymer is crosslinked and comprises a multifunctional acrylate in addition to the monofunctional acrylate.

[0089] In a further advantageous embodiment, the solid polymer has a glass transition temperature T g T g ≤120℃(preferably T g ≤100℃, very preferred T g ≤80℃, very preferred T g ≤70° C.). Each Tg was measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-2:2014-07 during the second heating cycle and applying a heating rate of 20 K / min, starting at −90° C. up to 250° C.

[0090] In a further advantageous embodiment, the solid polymer is configured as a sheet-like polymer. The sheet-like polymer may have the shape of a polymer film, wherein the film thickness is typically 0.001-10 mm, most typically 0.01-0.5 mm. The sheet-like polymer may be either continuous and flat or discontinuous, have, for example, a microstructure (e.g., have a prismatic shape).

[0091] In a further advantageous embodiment, the solid polymer is sandwiched between two barrier layers. In particular, such a sandwich arrangement refers to an arrangement with a barrier layer, a polymer, and a further barrier layer in a horizontal direction. The two barrier layers of the sandwich structure can be made of the same barrier material or different barrier materials.

[0092] The technical effect of the barrier layer is to improve the stability of the light-emitting perovskite crystal, in particular towards oxygen or moisture.

[0093] In particular, such barrier layers are known in the art; they typically comprise a material or combination of materials with a low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and / or a low oxygen transmission rate (OTR). By selecting such materials, degradation of the LC in components exposed to water vapor and / or oxygen is reduced or even avoided. The barrier layer or film preferably has a WVTR of less than 10 (g) / (m²*day), more preferably less than 1 (g) / (m²*day), and most preferably less than 0.1 (g) / (m²*day) at 40°C, 90% rh, and atmospheric pressure.

[0094] In one embodiment, the barrier film may be oxygen permeable. In an alternative embodiment, the barrier film is oxygen impermeable and has an OTR (oxygen transmission rate) of <10 (mL) / (m^2*day), more preferably <1 (mL) / (m^2*day), and most preferably <0.1 (mL) / (m^2*day) at a temperature of 23°C / 90% rh and atmospheric pressure.

[0095] In one embodiment, the barrier film is light transmissive, ie, has a visible light transmission of >80%, preferably >85%, and most preferably >90%.

[0096] Suitable barrier films can be present in the form of a single layer. Such barrier films are known in the art and may comprise glass, ceramics, metal oxides, and polymers. Suitable polymers may be selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP); suitable inorganic materials may be selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, SiOx, SiXnY, and AlOx. Most preferably, the polymeric moisture barrier comprises a material selected from the group consisting of PVdC and COC.

[0097] Most advantageously, the polymeric oxygen barrier material comprises a material selected from EVOH polymers.

[0098] Suitable barrier films may be present in the form of multiple layers. Such barrier films are known in the art and generally comprise a substrate, such as PET, having a thickness in the range of 10-200 μm, and a thin inorganic layer comprising a material derived from SiOx and AlOx, or an organic layer based on liquid crystals embedded in a polymer matrix, or an organic layer comprising a polymer having the desired barrier properties. Possible polymers for such organic layers include, for example, PVdC, COC, and EVOH.

[0099] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a diffuser film or a diffuser plate is arranged between the first layer and the second layer.

[0100] In a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention, a light guide plate and a diffuser film are arranged between the first and second layers of the present invention. Advantageously, light emitted from the light source and the first layer enters the light guide plate at an angle of 90° relative to the light emitted by the light guide plate toward the diffuser film and ultimately excites the luminescent crystals in the second layer.

[0101] In a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention, a diffuser sheet is arranged between the first and second layers of the present invention. Advantageously, light emitted from the light source and the first layer enters the diffuser sheet at an angle of 0° relative to the light emitted by the light guide plate toward the diffuser sheet and ultimately excites the luminescent crystals in the second layer.

[0102] A second aspect of the present invention relates to a light emitting device comprising the light emitting component according to the first aspect. In particular, the light emitting device is a liquid crystal display (LCD).

[0103] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light emitting component of the light emitting device comprises an array of more than one light source, wherein each light source has a respective first layer arranged adjacent to the particular light source, such that an array of light sources with their respective first layers is formed. The second layer is arranged remote from the array. The second layer is arranged such that an air gap is formed between the first and second layers of the array. The array covers substantially the entire area of ​​the liquid crystal display.

[0104] In an advantageous embodiment, each light source of the array of one or more light sources is covered by a respective adjacent first layer, thus constructing an array with individual light sources and their respective adjacent first layers.

[0105] Advantageously, the second layer may be formed in a single piece to cover at least a portion of or the entire array of one or more light sources and their respective adjacent arrays of individual light sources of the first layer, wherein the second layer is arranged away from the array of individual light sources and their respective first layer.

[0106] In another advantageous embodiment, the second layer can be formed by multiple layers covering at least a portion of the array of light sources with their respective first layers or the entire array, wherein all multiple layers of the second layer are arranged away from the array of light sources with their respective first layers.

[0107] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, each of the one or more light sources of the array is adapted to be switched between on and off with a frequency f of f≥150 Hz, preferably f≥300 Hz, very preferably f≥600 Hz.

[0108] A third aspect of the present application relates to a self-supporting film comprising luminescent crystals. The luminescent crystals have a perovskite structure and emit green and / or red light in response to excitation by light of a shorter wavelength than the emitted light. The self-supporting film has a haze h2, h2 being 20 < h2 < 70 %, preferably h2 < 80 %, preferably < 70 %, most preferably < 60 %.

[0109] In a further advantageous embodiment of the present application, the self-supporting film has a haze (measured using a BYK gardner haze meter) h2 of 10 < h2 < 80 %, most preferably 30 < h2 < 60 %.

[0110] In a further advantageous embodiment of the present application, the self-supporting film has a transmittance (measured using a BYK gardner haze meter) of > 75 %, preferably > 85 %, most preferably > 90 %.

[0111] In an advantageous embodiment of the present application, the luminescent crystals are characterized in that the luminescent crystals are embedded in a cross-linked polymer, in particular a solid cross-linked polymer.

[0112] In a further advantageous embodiment of the present application, the luminescent crystals (20) are selected from compounds of formula (II):

[0113] [M 1 A 1 ] a M 2 b X c (II), wherein:

[0114] A 1 represents one or more organic cations, preferably formamidinium (FA),

[0115] M 1 represents one or more alkali metals,

[0116] M 2 represents one or more metals other than M 1 , in particular Pb,

[0117] X represents one or more anions selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides and sulfides, in particular Br,

[0118] a represents 1 - 4,

[0119] b represents 1 - 2,

[0120] c represents 3 - 9, and

[0121] wherein M 1 or A 1 is present, or M 1 and A 1 are present.

[0122] Further advantageously, M 2 It represents Pb, and the concentration of Pb is 5-200 mg / m2, particularly 10-100 mg / m2, very particularly 20-80 mg / m2.

[0123] In another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the self-supporting film comprises scattering particles, preferably selected from polymer compositions, most preferably from organopolysiloxanes.

[0124] Typical sizes of the scattering particles are in the range of 20–20,000 nm, preferably 50–10,000 nm, and more preferably 100–5,000 nm. Typically, the amount of such scattering particles can vary widely, with a suitable minimum concentration being, for example, greater than 0.01 wt%, preferably greater than 0.1 wt%, and most preferably 1 wt%. A suitable maximum concentration is less than 30 wt%, preferably less than 15 wt%, and more preferably less than 8 wt%. In the case of a self-supporting film, it is 50–5000 mg / m², preferably 100–1000 mg / m², for example 500 mg / m².

[0125] In a further advantageous embodiment of the self-supporting film, the solid polymer is a polymer as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0126] Advantageously, such a polymer comprises an acrylate, in particular comprises or consists of repeating units selected from cycloaliphatic acrylates, in particular, and / or wherein the acrylate comprises repeating units selected from monofunctional acrylate monomers and polyfunctional acrylate monomers.

[0127] In a further advantageous embodiment, the solid polymer is characterized by a molar ratio of the sum of (oxygen + nitrogen) to carbon of <0.9, preferably <0.4, preferably <0.3, most preferably <0.25.

[0128] In a further advantageous embodiment, the solid polymer has a glass transition T g T g ≤120℃(preferably T g ≤100℃, very preferred T g ≤80℃, very preferred T g ≤70℃);

[0129] Each Tg was thus measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11357-2:2014-07 during the second heating cycle and applying a heating rate of 20 K / min, starting at −90° C. and up to 250° C.

[0130] Additionally, in advantageous embodiments, the polymer may be a sheet-like polymer.

[0131] In a further advantageous embodiment, the polymer is sandwiched between two barrier layers.

[0132] Advantageously, the free-standing film comprises luminescent crystals that emit red light in response to excitation by light having a wavelength shorter than that of the emitted light.

[0133] A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a light emitting device, in particular a liquid crystal display (LCD), comprising the self-supporting film according to the third aspect.

[0134] Further advantageous embodiments are listed in the dependent claims and in the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0135] The present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description, and objects other than those set forth above will become apparent. This description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0136] Figure 1a Schematic diagram showing a light source for emitting blue light and a first layer comprising a red phosphor;

[0137] Figure 1b A schematic diagram showing a light emitting component according to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention;

[0138] Figure 1c A schematic diagram showing a self-supporting film according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0139] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing a light emitting component according to a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention;

[0140] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a light emitting component according to a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention;

[0141] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a light emitting component according to a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention;

[0142] Figure 5 A lighting device according to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0143] Figure 6a Show Figure 6b The emission spectrum of the device schematically shown in FIG; and

[0144] Figure 7a Show Figure 7b Emission spectrum of the device shown schematically in FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0145] The embodiments, examples, and experiments that illustrate or lead to the embodiments, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description. This description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0146] Figure 1a A schematic diagram of a component is shown, which comprises a light source 10 for emitting blue light aa and a first layer 1 comprising a red phosphor emitting red light bb. Advantageously, the red phosphor particles of the red layer 1 are selected from core-shell CdSe QDs, core-shell InPQDs, KSF phosphors (K2SiF6:Mn 4+ ). Upon absorbing blue light aa, the red phosphor emits light bb in the red spectrum.

[0147] In particular, Figure 1b The components shown in FIG. 1 show an arrangement of a light source 10 and a first layer 1 adjacent to the light source 10. In this schematic diagram, the first layer 1 comprises red phosphor particles distributed adjacent to the light source 10.

[0148] Figure 1b A schematic diagram of a light-emitting component according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. The light-emitting component includes a light source 10 for emitting blue light, a first layer 1 including a red phosphor, and a second layer 2 including luminescent crystals 20. The red phosphor in the first layer 1 emits light bb in the red spectrum upon absorbing blue light aa. The first layer 1 is positioned adjacent to the light source 10. The luminescent crystals 20 in the second layer 2 have a perovskite structure. Upon absorbing the light emitted by the light source 10, the luminescent crystals 20 emit light cc at a wavelength in the green spectrum. The second layer 2 has a haze h2 of 10% ≤ h2 ≤ 100%. The second layer 2 is positioned away from the first layer 1. Specifically, an air gap exists between the second layer 2 and the first layer 1.

[0149] In a further advantageous embodiment, Figure 1b The light emitting component in the embodiment may have a haze h2 of 20≤h2≤70%, preferably h2≤80%, preferably h2≤70%, very preferably h2≤60%.

[0150] Advantageously, for this embodiment, the red phosphor is chosen from one or more core-shell quantum dots based on In or Cd; in particular based on InP(III) or CdSe(IV), respectively.

[0151] Further advantageously, the red phosphor is a Mn+4 doped phosphor of formula (I) as described above. An example of such an embodiment is disclosed in the experimental part (Experiment 1).

[0152] exist Figure 2 In a further advantageous embodiment, the luminescent crystals 20 are selected from the compounds of formula (II) as disclosed above. An example of such an embodiment is disclosed in the experimental part (Experiment 2).

[0153] In a further advantageous embodiment, the luminescent crystals 20 are selected from compounds of formula (II), wherein M 2 It is Pb, and the concentration of Pb is 5-200 mg / m 2 , especially 10-100 mg / m 2 , very specifically 20-80 mg / m 2 .

[0154] Advantageously, the luminescent crystals 20 are embedded in a solid polymer, in particular wherein the polymer comprises an acrylate, very particularly wherein the polymer comprises a cycloaliphatic acrylate (monofunctional acrylate).

[0155] In another advantageous embodiment, the solid polymer is crosslinked and comprises a multifunctional acrylate in addition to the monofunctional acrylate.

[0156] This polymer can be further structured into sheet-like polymers.

[0157] In a further advantageous embodiment, the polymer may be sandwiched between barrier layers 21. Examples of such barrier layers 21 are Figure 1c Displayed in.

[0158] In a further advantageous embodiment, the solid polymer has a glass transition temperature T g T g ≤120℃(preferably T g ≤100℃, very preferred T g ≤80℃, very preferred T g ≤70℃).

[0159] In a further advantageous embodiment, the second layer may scatter particles embedded in a solid polymer, in particular for generating the haze (scattering particles not shown in the figures).

[0160] Figure 1c A schematic diagram shows an embodiment of a self-supporting film 200. The self-supporting film comprises a polymer-embedded luminescent crystal 20, wherein the luminescent crystal 20 has a perovskite structure and emits green light cc and / or red light bb in response to excitation by light having a wavelength shorter than the emitted light, and wherein the self-supporting film has a haze h2 of 20≤h2≤70%, preferably h2<80%, particularly h2<70%, and very particularly h2<60%.

[0161] Advantageously, the self-supporting film 200 comprises scattering particles embedded in a polymer (the scattering particles are not shown in the figure).

[0162] In a further embodiment, the luminescent crystals 20 of the free-standing film 200 are embedded in a cross-linked solid polymer.

[0163] In a further advantageous embodiment, the luminescent crystals 20 are selected from compounds of formula (II).

[0164] In a further advantageous embodiment, the luminescent crystals 20 are selected from compounds of formula (II), wherein M 2 It is Pb, and the concentration of Pb is 5-200 mg / m 2 , especially 10-100 mg / m 2 , very specifically 20-80 mg / m 2 .

[0165] In a further advantageous embodiment, the solid polymer comprises an acrylate, in particular comprises or consists of repeating units selected from cycloaliphatic acrylates, in particular, and / or wherein the acrylate comprises repeating units selected from monofunctional acrylate monomers and polyfunctional acrylate monomers.

[0166] In a further advantageous embodiment of the self-supporting film 200, the solid polymer is characterized by a molar ratio of the sum of (oxygen + nitrogen) to carbon of <0.9, preferably <0.4, preferably <0.3, most preferably <0.25.

[0167] In a further advantageous embodiment, the solid polymer has a glass transition temperature T g T g ≤120℃, especially T g ≤100℃, especially T g ≤80℃, especially T g ≤70℃.

[0168] In a further advantageous embodiment, the solid polymer is configured as a sheet-like polymer and / or wherein the solid polymer is sandwiched between two barrier layers 21 .

[0169] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrates a further embodiment of a light-emitting component. The light-emitting component includes a light source 10 emitting blue light, a first layer 1 containing a red phosphor, and a second layer 2 containing luminescent crystals 20. The red phosphor in the first layer 1 emits light bb in the red spectrum upon absorbing blue light aa. The first layer 1 is positioned adjacent to the light source 10. The luminescent crystals 20 in the second layer 2 have a perovskite structure. Upon absorbing the light emitted by the light source 10, the luminescent crystals 20 emit light cc at a wavelength in the green spectrum. The second layer 2 has a haze h2 of 40% ≤ h2 ≤ 90%. The second layer 2 is positioned away from the first layer 1. In particular, an air gap exists between the second layer 2 and the first layer 1.

[0170] In this embodiment, not just one but a plurality of light sources 10 and their respective first layers 1 are arranged in an array, wherein the second layer 2 serving as the second layer 2 for all light sources 10 and their respective first layers 1 is formed in one piece.

[0171] Figure 1b All advantageous features disclosed in Figure 1c Combination of implementation methods in .

[0172] Figure 3 Schematic diagram showing light emitting components for a particular backlight structure, in particular for an LCD display. Figure 2 In addition to the schematic diagram in FIG, a diffuser plate 3 is arranged between the first layer 1 and the second layer 2.

[0173] Figure 4 A further schematic diagram of a further light-emitting device for a particular backlight structure, particularly for an LCD display, is shown. The device comprises a light-emitting component having a light source 10 for emitting blue light aa, a first layer 1 comprising a red phosphor, and a second layer 2 comprising luminescent crystals 20. The first layer 1 is positioned adjacent to the light source 10. The second layer 2 is positioned distally from the first layer 1. A diffuser film 3 and a light guide plate (LGP) 4 are positioned between the first and second layers 1 and 2. Specifically, the light source 10 and the first layer 1 are positioned such that the blue light aa and the red light bb enter the LGP 4 at an angle of 90° relative to the light emitted by the LGP 4, which excites the luminescent crystals 20 of the second layer 2. Furthermore, in another advantageous embodiment, the light source 20 can be positioned such that the light enters the LGP at an angle of 0°.

[0174] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an advantageous light emitting device according to one embodiment of the present invention is disclosed. A light emitting device, in particular a liquid crystal display, comprises a light emitting component, such as shown in one of the embodiments in Figures 1 to 4 .

[0175] Advantageous lighting devices comprise a lighting component comprising an array of one or more, in particular more than one, light sources 10. Each light source 10 comprises its own first layer 1 arranged adjacent to the light source 10. In addition, such an embodiment comprises a second layer 2 arranged remote from the array. In particular, the array substantially covers the entire liquid crystal display area 5.

[0176] A further advantageous lighting device comprises one or more of an array of light sources 10, wherein each light source 10 is adapted to be switched between on and off with a frequency f of f≥150 Hz, in particular f≥300 Hz, very in particular f≥600 Hz.

[0177] Figure 6a Shown as Figure 6bThe emission spectrum of an embodiment of a light-emitting component according to the present invention is schematically shown in FIG. The light-emitting component comprises a plurality of light sources 10 for emitting blue light aa. Each light source comprises a respective first layer 1 comprising a red phosphor. Upon absorbing the blue light aa, the red phosphor emits light bb in the red spectrum. The red phosphor is arranged adjacent to the respective light source 10.

[0178] like Figure 7b As shown, the second layer 2 containing the luminescent crystals 20 is arranged away from the plurality of light sources 10 and their respective first layers 1. When absorbing the light emitted by the light source 10, the luminescent crystals 20 emit light cc having a wavelength in the green spectrum. The second layer 2 has a haze of 10%.

[0179] Therefore, the light emitting device Figure 7a The emission spectrum shown in shows peaks in the blue, green, and red visible light range.

[0180] Experimental Section

[0181] Example 1: Preparation of a backlight unit for an LCD display by using components as described herein

[0182] Figure 6b Display as Figure 6a A schematic diagram of the components of the array for which the emission spectrum is measured is shown. Figure 6b The components in the embodiment comprise a light source 10 for emitting blue light aa and a first layer 1 comprising a red phosphor emitting red light bb. Advantageously, the red phosphor particles of the red layer 1 are selected from core-shell CdSe QDs, core-shell InP QDs, KSF phosphors (K2SiF6:Mn 4+ ). Upon absorbing blue light aa, the red phosphor emits light bb in the red spectrum.

[0183] The emission spectrum of the component shows peaks in the visible blue and red range of the spectrum.

[0184] In particular, Figure 1b The components shown in FIG. 1 show an arrangement of a light source 10 and a first layer 1 adjacent to the light source 10. In this schematic diagram, the first layer 1 comprises red phosphor particles distributed adjacent to the light source 10.

[0185] To measure the data, a 2D array of 200 individual LEDs was used, whereby the LEDs comprised a blue-emitting gallium nitride chip and red-emitting core-shell cadmium selenide quantum dots deposited directly on the blue LED chip (on-chip). Figure 6a The emission spectrum of the LED array is shown in FIG.

[0186] ​Example 2: The array is taken from Example 1 and in addition, a diffuser plate 3 is placed on top of the array of light sources having their respective first layers adjacent to the respective light sources. The diffuser plate serves to evenly distribute the light generated by the LEDs, similar to Figure 3 The light-emitting components are shown.

[0187] Additionally, a green long-range perovskite QD film (free-standing film as per Example 3) was placed on top of the diffuser plate (loose placement only; no gluing or similar). Two crossed prismatic films (crossed BEFs) and a brightness enhancement film (DBEF) were then placed on top of the green perovskite film (not shown in the figure). The emission spectrum of the complete backlight structure was measured using a spectrometer (Konica Minolta CS-2000), showing blue, red, and green emission peaks, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 7a shown.

[0188] Example 3: According to the third aspect of the present invention, a self-supporting film having low haze h2 and low T g Green long-range perovskite QD film:

[0189] Green perovskite QDs with the composition formamidinium lead tribromide (FAPbBr3) were synthesized in toluene as follows: Formamidinium lead tribromide (FAPbBr3) was synthesized by grinding PbBr2 and FABr. That is, 16 mmol PbBr2 (5.87 g, 98% ABCR, Karlsruhe (DE)) and 16 mmol FABr (2.00 g, Greatcell Solar Materials, Queanbeyan, (AU)) were ground with yttrium-stabilized zirconia beads (5 mm diameter) for 6 h to obtain pure cubic FAPbBr3, which was confirmed by XRD. The orange FAPbBr3 powder was added to oleylamine (80-90, Acros Organics, Geel (BE)) (weight ratio FAPbBr3: oleylamine = 100:15) and toluene (>99.5%, puriss, Sigma Aldrich). The final concentration of FAPbBr3 was 1 wt%. The mixture was then dispersed by ball milling using yttrium-stabilized zirconia beads with a diameter size of 200 μm under ambient conditions (the atmospheric conditions used for all experiments were: 35° C., 1 atmosphere in air if not otherwise defined) for 1 h, resulting in a green luminescent ink.

[0190] Film Formation: 0.1 g of green ink was mixed with a UV-curable monomer / crosslinker mixture (0.7 g FA-513AS, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.3 g Miramer M240, Miwon, South Korea) containing 1 wt% of the photoinitiator diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TCI Europe, the Netherlands) and 2 wt% of polymer scattering particles (organopolysiloxane, ShinEtsu, KMP-590) in a high-speed mixer, and toluene was evaporated under vacuum (<0.01 mbar) at room temperature. The resulting mixture contained 500 ppm of Pb, as measured by inductively coupled optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The mixture was then coated with a 50 μm layer thickness onto a 100 μm barrier film (supplier: I-components (South Korea); product: TBF-1007), which was then laminated with a second barrier film of the same type. The laminated structure was then UV cured for 60 s (UVAcube100 equipped with a mercury lamp and a quartz filter, Hoenle, Germany). The initial performance of the green perovskite QD film obtained showed an emission wavelength of 526 nm, a FWHM of 22 nm and a color coordinate in the Y direction of y = 0.15 ("y value", CIE1931) when placed on a blue LED light source (450 nm emission wavelength) with two crossed prism sheets (X-BEF) and a brightness enhancement film (DBEF) on top of the QD film (optical properties measured with a Konica Minolta CS-2000). The haze of the obtained QD film was 50% and the transmittance was 85% (measured with a BYK Gardner haze meter). Light Conversion Factor (LCF; LCF = emitted green light intensity (integrated emission peak) divided by the reduction in blue light intensity (integrated emission peak); measured using a Konica Minolta CS-2000 with green and blue light emitted perpendicularly from the QD film).

[0191] The glass transition temperature Tg of the UV-cured resin composition was determined by DSC according to DIN EN ISO 11357-2:2014-07 at a starting temperature of -90°C, an end temperature of 250°C and a heating rate of 20 K / min in a nitrogen atmosphere (20 ml / min). The purge gas was nitrogen (5.0) at 20 ml / min. A DSC system DSC 204F1 Phoenix (Netzsch) was used. g The second heating cycle was measured (the first heating from -90°C to 250°C showed a superposition effect in addition to the glass transition. For DSC measurement, the UV-cured resin composition was removed from the QD film by delaminating the barrier film. The measured Tg of the UV-cured resin composition was 75°C.

[0192] The stability of the QD film was tested for 1,000 hours under blue LED light irradiation by placing the QD film in a light box with high blue light intensity (supplier: Hoenle; model: LED CUBE100IC) with a blue light flux of 220 mW / cm2 on the QD film and a QD film temperature of 50°C. The changes in the optical parameters of the QD film after 1,000 hours of flux testing were measured using the same procedure as for measuring the initial performance (as described above). The changes in the optical parameters are as follows:

[0193] Change in y value: from 0.15 to 0.119 (-0.031)

[0194] Change in LCF: from 50% to 40% (-10%)

[0195] Change in green light emission wavelength: from 526nm to 525nm (-1nm)

[0196] Change in green light FWHM: 0nm

[0197] Similar results were obtained when [CsFA]PbBr3 was used instead of FAPbBr3. This perovskite is described in document WO 2018 / 028869A1, for example, in Example 10.

[0198] Comparative Example 1 of Example 3: Preparation of a quartz crystal with high haze and low T g Green long-range perovskite QD film.

[0199] The procedure was the same as that of the previous QD film with low haze, except that the following parameters were changed:

[0200] The total Pb content of the UV-curable acrylate mixture is 200 ppm

[0201] • 12 wt% scattering particles KMP-590 were mixed into the UV curable acrylate mixture to increase the haze of the final QD film.

[0202] The obtained green perovskite QD film showed an emission wavelength of 525 nm, a FWHM of 22 nm, and a y value of 0.149 (almost identical to the low haze QD film in Experiment 3). The LCF of the QD film was 43%. The haze of the QD film was 98% and the transmittance was 81%. The measured Tg of the UV-cured resin composition was 77°C. It can be seen that the LCF is lower than that of Experiment 3. Higher haze leads to lower LCF, and lower haze leads to higher LCF. Therefore, lower haze of the QD film is beneficial for having a higher LCF and thus higher display efficiency (at a specific comparable white point color coordinate).

[0203] The changes in the optical parameters of the QD film after 1,000 hours of flux testing are as follows:

[0204] Change in y value: from 0.149 to 0.058 (-0.091)

[0205] Change in LCF: from 43% to 14% (-29%)

[0206] Change in green light emission wavelength: from 525nm to 521nm (-4nm)

[0207] Change in green light FWHM: 0nm

[0208] These results show that higher haze of the QD film leads to lower QD film stability (specifically, less stable y-value, LCF, and emission wavelength) at high blue light flux compared to Example 3. Therefore, in order to have stable color coordinates and a stable white point during the operational life of the display device, it is advantageous to have a low haze of the QD film to improve the stability of the QD film at high blue light flux.

[0209] Comparative Example 2 of Example 3: Preparation of a quartz crystal with low haze and high T g Green long-range perovskite QD film.

[0210] The procedure was the same as that of Example 3 except that the acrylate monomer mixture (0.7 g FA-513AS, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.3 g Miramer M240, Miwon, Korea) was replaced with the following acrylate monomer mixture:

[0211] ·0.7g FA-DCPA, Hitachi Chemical, Japan / 0.3g FA-320M, Hitachi Chemical, Japan.

[0212] The obtained green perovskite QD film showed an emission wavelength of 526 nm, a FWHM of 22 nm, and a y value of 0.153 (almost consistent with the low haze QD film in Experiment 3). The LCF of the QD film was 49%. The haze of the QD film was 51% and the transmittance was 85%. The measured Tg of the UV-cured resin composition was 144°C.

[0213] The changes in the optical parameters of the QD film after 1,000 hours of flux testing are as follows:

[0214] Change in y value: from 0.153 to 0.068 (-0.085)

[0215] Change in LCF: from 49% to 21% (-28%)

[0216] Change in green light emission wavelength: from 526nm to 525nm (-1nm)

[0217] Change in green light FWHM: 0nm

[0218] These results show that the high T of the solid polymer of the QD film (free-standing film) g Therefore, in order to have stable color coordinates and stable white point during the operating life of the display device, a low T of the QD film with improved QD film stability under high blue light flux is required. g It is beneficial.

[0219] Table 1. Summary of parameter changes after high-throughput testing of Experiment 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2:

[0220]

Claims

1. A light-emitting component comprising - a light source (10) for emitting blue light (aa), - a first layer (1) comprising a red phosphor, o wherein upon absorbing blue light (aa), the red phosphor emits light in the red spectrum (bb), and ○ wherein the first layer (1) is arranged adjacent to the light source (10), - a second layer (2), said second layer (2) comprising luminescent crystals (20), a solid polymer and scattering particles, ○ wherein the light-emitting crystal (20) has a perovskite structure, ○ wherein upon absorbing light emitted by the light source (10), the light emitting crystal (20) emits light having a wavelength in the green light spectrum (cc), ○ wherein the luminescent crystals (20) and the scattering particles are embedded in the solid polymer, ○ wherein the second layer (2) has a haze h2 of 20≤h2≤70%, and ○ wherein the solid polymer has T g ≤100℃ glass transition temperature, and o wherein the scattering particles are selected from organopolysiloxanes and are present in an amount greater than 0.1 wt % and less than 8 wt %, and - wherein the second layer (2) is arranged remote from the first layer (1). 2 . The light-emitting component according to claim 1 , wherein the light-emitting crystals are embedded in a cross-linked solid polymer.

3. The light-emitting component according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the light-emitting crystal (20) is selected from the compounds of formula (II): [M 1 A 1 ] a M 2 b X c (II), in which: A 1 represents one or more organic cations, M 1 represents one or more alkali metals, M 2 Indicates one or more except M 1 Other metals, X represents one or more anions selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides and sulfides, a represents 1-4, b means 1-2, c represents 3-9, and There is M 1 or A 1 , or M 1 and A 1 .

4. The light-emitting component according to claim 3, wherein A 1 Formamidine .

5. The light emitting component according to claim 3, wherein M 2 Indicates Pb. The light-emitting component according to claim 3 , wherein X represents Br.

7. The light-emitting component according to claim 3, ○ Among them, M 2 represents Pb, ○The concentration of Pb is 5-200 mg / m 2 .

8. The light-emitting component according to claim 7, wherein the concentration of Pb is 10-100 mg / m 2 .

9. The light-emitting component according to claim 7, wherein the concentration of Pb is 20-80 mg / m 2 .

10. The light-emitting component according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the red phosphor is selected from one or more In- or Cd-based core-shell quantum dots.

11. The light-emitting component according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the red phosphor is selected from one or more core-shell quantum dots based on InP or CdSe, respectively.

12. The light-emitting component according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the red phosphor is a Mn-doped phosphor of formula (I) 4+ Phosphor: [A] x [MF y ]:Mn 4+ (I), in which: A represents Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs or a combination thereof, M represents Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd or a combination thereof, x represents the absolute value of the charge of the [MFy] ion; and Y represents 5, 6 or 7.

13. The light emitting component according to claim 12, wherein the red phosphor has the formula (I''): K2SiF6:Mn 4+ (I``).

14. The light-emitting component according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the solid polymer comprises acrylate. 15 . The light-emitting component according to claim 1 , wherein the solid polymer comprises an acrylate, and wherein the acrylate comprises a repeating unit selected from a monofunctional acrylate monomer and a multifunctional acrylate monomer. 16 . The light-emitting component according to claim 1 , wherein the solid polymer comprises or consists of repeating units selected from cycloaliphatic acrylates.

17. The light-emitting component according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the solid polymer comprises or consists of repeating units selected from cyclic aliphatic acrylates, and wherein the acrylate comprises repeating units selected from monofunctional acrylate monomers and polyfunctional acrylate monomers.

18. The light-emitting component according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the solid polymer is characterized by a molar ratio of the sum of (oxygen + nitrogen) to carbon of <0.

9.

19. The light-emitting component according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the solid polymer is characterized by a molar ratio of the sum of (oxygen + nitrogen) to carbon of <0.

4.

20. The light-emitting component according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the solid polymer is characterized by a molar ratio of the sum of (oxygen + nitrogen) to carbon of <0.

3.

21. The light-emitting component according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the solid polymer is characterized by a molar ratio of the sum of (oxygen + nitrogen) to carbon of <0.

25.

22. The light-emitting component according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the solid polymer has a glass transition temperature T g T g ≤80℃. 23 . The light-emitting component according to claim 1 , wherein the solid polymer is configured as a sheet-like polymer and / or wherein the solid polymer is sandwiched between two barrier layers.

24. A lighting device comprising the lighting component according to any one of claims 1 to 23. The light-emitting device according to claim 24 , which is a liquid crystal display.

26. The light emitting device according to claim 24, wherein the light emitting component comprises - an array of more than one light source (10) having respective adjacent first layers (1), - a second layer (2) arranged remote from the array, and - a diffuser plate (3) arranged between the first layer (1) and the second layer (2).

27. The light emitting device of claim 26, wherein the array covers substantially the entire liquid crystal display area.

28. A lighting arrangement according to any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein each of the one or more light sources (10) of the array is adapted to be switched between on and off at a frequency f, the frequency f being f ≥ 150 Hz.

29. A lighting arrangement according to any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein each of the one or more light sources (10) of the array is adapted to be switched between on and off at a frequency f, the frequency f being f ≥ 300 Hz.

30. A lighting arrangement according to any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein each of the one or more light sources (10) of the array is adapted to be switched between on and off at a frequency f, the frequency f being f≥600 Hz.

31. A self-supporting film comprising luminescent crystals (20) and scattering particles embedded in a solid polymer, wherein the light emitting crystal (20) has a perovskite structure and emits green light (cc) and / or red light (bb) in response to excitation by light having a wavelength shorter than that of the emitted light, and wherein the self-supporting film has a haze h2 of 20≤h2≤70%, wherein the solid polymer has a glass transition temperature Tg of Tg≤100°C, The scattering particles are selected from organopolysiloxanes and are present in an amount greater than 0.1 wt % and less than 8 wt %.

32. The self-supporting film of claim 31 , wherein the luminescent crystals (20) are embedded in a cross-linked solid polymer.

33. The self-supporting film according to claim 31, Wherein the luminescent crystal (20) is selected from the compound of formula (II): [M 1 A 1 ] a M 2 b X c (II), in which: A 1 represents one or more organic cations, M 1 represents one or more alkali metals, M 2 Indicates one or more except M 1 Other metals, X represents one or more anions selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides and sulfides, a represents 1-4, b means 1-2, c represents 3-9, and There is M 1 or A 1 , or M 1 and A 1 .

34. The self-supporting film of claim 33, wherein A 1 Formamidine .

35. The self-supporting film of claim 33, wherein M 2 Indicates Pb.

36. The self-supporting film of claim 33, wherein X represents Br.

37. The self-supporting film according to claim 33, o where M 2 represents Pb, and oThe concentration of Pb is 5-200 mg / m 2 .

38. The self-supporting film according to claim 37, wherein the concentration of Pb is 10-100 mg / m 2 .

39. The self-supporting film according to claim 37, wherein the concentration of Pb is 20-80 mg / m 2 .

40. The self-supporting film of claim 32, wherein the solid polymer comprises an acrylate.

41. The self-supporting film of claim 32, wherein the solid polymer comprises an acrylate, and wherein the acrylate comprises repeating units selected from the group consisting of monofunctional acrylate monomers and multifunctional acrylate monomers.

42. The self-supporting film of claim 32, wherein the solid polymer comprises or consists of repeating units selected from cycloaliphatic acrylates.

43. The self-supporting film of claim 32, wherein the solid polymer comprises or consists of repeating units selected from cycloaliphatic acrylates, and wherein the acrylate comprises repeating units selected from monofunctional acrylate monomers and multifunctional acrylate monomers.

44. The self-supporting film of claim 32, wherein the solid polymer is characterized by a molar ratio of the sum of (oxygen + nitrogen) to carbon of <0.

9.

45. The self-supporting film of claim 32, wherein the solid polymer is characterized by a molar ratio of the sum of (oxygen + nitrogen) to carbon of <0.

4.

46. ​​The self-supporting film of claim 32, wherein the solid polymer is characterized by a molar ratio of the sum of (oxygen + nitrogen) to carbon of <0.

3.

47. The self-supporting film of claim 32, wherein the solid polymer is characterized by a molar ratio of the sum of (oxygen + nitrogen) to carbon of <0.

25.

48. The self-supporting film of claim 32, wherein the solid polymer has a glass transition temperature T g T g ≤80℃.

49. The self-supporting film of claim 32, wherein the solid polymer has a glass transition temperature T g T g ≤70℃.

50. The self-supporting film of claim 32, wherein the solid polymer is configured as a sheet of polymer and / or wherein the solid polymer is sandwiched between two barrier layers.

51. A light-emitting device comprising the self-supporting film according to any one of claims 31 to 50. The light-emitting device according to claim 51 , which is a liquid crystal display.

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