Greenhouse gas emission reduction devices on ships and ships equipped with them

Abstract

This invention discloses a greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship, comprising: a seawater supply unit 110, which supplies seawater; an ammonia water production unit 120, which produces and supplies ammonia water by reacting clean water with NH3; an absorption tower 130, which has a CO2 removal unit 133, which reacts and cools exhaust gas from the ship's engine 10 with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110, and then reacts the cooled exhaust gas with ammonia water from the ammonia water production unit 120 to convert CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq) and remove CO2; and an ammonia regeneration unit 140, which reacts NH4HCO3(aq) discharged from the absorption tower 130 with Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2 to regenerate NH3(g) and return it to the ammonia water production unit 120; and separates and discharges NO from the exhaust gas. X SO X CO2, thus meeting IMO greenhouse gas emission regulations, and removing SO2. X CO2 is removed later to improve CO2 removal efficiency and remove SO2 residues remaining during NH3 regeneration. X The resulting side reactions ensure that the recovered ammonia is free of impurities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for separating and emitting NO from the exhaust gas of ship engines. X with SO X CO2, meeting IMO greenhouse gas emission regulations, and removing SO2. X Greenhouse gas emission reduction devices for ships that remove CO2, improve CO2 solubility and CO2 removal efficiency, and ships equipped with such devices. Background Technology

[0002] Recently, global warming and related environmental disasters are occurring due to greenhouse gas emissions from the indiscriminate use of fossil fuels.

[0003] Therefore, a series of technologies related to capturing and storing carbon dioxide instead of releasing it as a typical greenhouse gas, known as CCS (Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage) technology, have recently attracted much attention. Among CCS technologies, chemical absorption is the most widely used due to its ability to process on a large scale.

[0004] In addition, carbon dioxide emissions are regulated through the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), with the goal of reducing 2008 emissions by more than 50% by 2050. Since 2008 emissions need to be reduced by 40% by 2030, technologies that do not emit CO2 or capture emitted CO2 are attracting much attention.

[0005] For reference, CO2 capture technology in CCS (Carbon Dioxide Storage and Retention) technology can be approached in various ways depending on the CO2 generation conditions of the target process. Currently, representative technologies include absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation. Among them, wet absorption is the most mature technology for land-based plants, and it is easy to process large amounts of CO2. It can be said to be the capture technology closest to the commercialization of CCS technology. As absorbents, amine series and ammonia are mainly used.

[0006] On the other hand, the technologies mentioned above for reducing carbon dioxide emissions or capturing generated carbon dioxide have not yet been commercialized in ships, and methods for using hydrogen or ammonia as fuel are still under development and have not yet reached the stage of commercialization.

[0007] Especially in ships equipped with scrubbers for using high-sulfur fuel oil, SO X Its high solubility causes it to first transform into a compound called NaSO3, thus existing until SO2 is reached. X The disadvantage of CO2 is that it is difficult to remove it before it is completely dissolved.

[0008] Therefore, for ships using fossil fuels, it is necessary to apply technologies to convert CO2 in the exhaust gases from ship engines into substances that do not harm the environment and release them, or to convert them into useful substances for storage. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Technical issues

[0010] The technical challenge addressed by this invention is to provide a greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships and a ship equipped with such a device, enabling the separation and emission of NO from exhaust gases. X SO X CO2, meeting IMO greenhouse gas emission regulations, and removing SO2. X To remove CO2 later, improve CO2 solubility and CO2 removal efficiency, use Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2, save NH3 regeneration costs, reduce the capacity of the downstream part of the filter, and consume only NH3, Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2 when removing CO2, thus saving removal costs.

[0011] Technical solution

[0012] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the present invention includes: a seawater supply unit that supplies seawater; an ammonia production unit that produces and supplies ammonia by reacting clean water with NH3; an absorption tower having a CO2 removal unit that reacts and cools exhaust gas from a ship engine with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit, and then reacts the cooled exhaust gas with ammonia from the ammonia production unit to convert CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq) and remove CO2; and an ammonia regeneration unit that reacts NH4HCO3(aq) discharged from the absorption tower with Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2 to regenerate NH3 and return it to the ammonia production unit.

[0013] Additionally, the absorption tower may further include a NOx absorption section for absorbing and removing NOx from the exhaust gas emitted from the ship engine. The CO2 removal section may react and cool the NOx-removed exhaust gas with seawater supplied from the seawater supply section, and then react the cooled exhaust gas with ammonia from the ammonia production section to convert CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq), thus removing CO2. The ammonia regeneration section may regenerate NH3 and return it to the ammonia production section and the NOx removal section. X Absorption section.

[0014] In addition, the absorption tower may also include a SOx absorption section, which reacts the exhaust gas from the ship engine with seawater supplied from the seawater supply section to dissolve and remove SOx while cooling it. The CO2 removal section can react the SOx-removed exhaust gas with ammonia from the ammonia water production section to convert CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq) and remove CO2.

[0015] In addition, the absorption tower can be made of NO X Absorption section, SO X The absorption section and the CO2 removal section are stacked together, wherein the NO X The absorption section absorbs and removes NO from the exhaust gas emitted from the ship's engine. X The SO X The absorption section removes NO. X The exhaust gas reacts with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit, cooling the SO₂ while simultaneously reducing its concentration. X Dissolving and removing, the CO2 removal unit removes SO X The waste gas reacts with ammonia water from the ammonia water manufacturing unit to convert CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq), thus removing CO2; the ammonia regeneration unit can regenerate NH3 and return it to the ammonia water manufacturing unit and the NO X Absorption section.

[0016] Additionally, the seawater supply unit may include a seawater pump that receives seawater from outside the ship via an underwater suction tank and pumps it into the SO2 system. X An absorption section; and a regulating valve, which regulates the flow rate of seawater supplied from the seawater pump according to the amount of exhaust gas.

[0017] Additionally, the ammonia water manufacturing unit may include: a clean water tank for storing clean water; a clean water pump for supplying clean water from the clean water tank; an ammonia water manufacturing tower comprising a tower tank, an NH3 injection nozzle, a clean water injection nozzle, a first packing material, and a cooling jacket, wherein the NH3 injection nozzle is formed at the lower end of the tower tank and sprays NH3 upwards, the clean water injection nozzle is formed at the upper end of the tower tank and sprays clean water from the clean water pump downwards, the first packing material is formed between the NH3 injection nozzle and the clean water injection nozzle to allow the clean water to contact the NH3, dissolve the NH3, and generate ammonia water, and the cooling jacket cools the tower tank to reduce the heat generated by the dissolution reaction; and an ammonia water pump for supplying ammonia water from an ammonia water storage tank that stores ammonia water discharged to the lower end of the ammonia water manufacturing tower to the upper end of the CO2 removal unit.

[0018] In addition, the ammonia production tower may also include a demister plate, which is formed in a tortuous multi-plate shape at the top of the tower tank, so that the mist dissipated from the water returns to the direction of the first filling material.

[0019] Additionally, it may include an NH3 supply pipe that supplies NH3 discharged from the upper end of the ammonia production tower to the lower end of the CO2 removal section.

[0020] In addition, the first packing material can be composed of multiple sections of distillation column packing designed to increase the contact area per unit volume.

[0021] In addition, a solution redistributor may be formed between the multi-segmented packing of the distillation column.

[0022] In addition, the diameter and height of the tower can be designed so that the flow rate of the clean water and the flow rate of NH3 reach 1 / 2 of the overflow velocity.

[0023] Alternatively, NH3 can be supplied from the ammonia regeneration unit through the NH3 injection nozzle of the ammonia water production unit, or, in the event of NH3 loss or insufficiency, NH3 can be supplied from an additional NH3 storage tank to compensate for the loss or insufficiency.

[0024] In addition, the NO X The absorption section can receive NH3 directly from the ammonia regeneration section via a blower or compressor using a first NH3 injection nozzle, or, when NH3 is insufficient, receive urea water from the urea water storage tank via a urea water supply pump using a second NH3 injection nozzle to compensate for the deficiency.

[0025] In addition, the SO X The absorption section may include a multi-segment seawater jet nozzle connected to the regulating valve to spray seawater downwards.

[0026] In addition, a porous upper plate can be formed in multiple sections at the lower part of the seawater jet nozzle. The porous upper plate forms a flow path for the exhaust gas to pass through, so that the seawater and the exhaust gas can come into contact.

[0027] Additionally, absorption devices filled with a third filling material that allows seawater to contact exhaust gas can be formed at the lower part of the seawater jet nozzle, thereby enabling the seawater to dissolve SO₂. X .

[0028] In addition, the SO X The absorption section may include an umbrella-shaped partition that covers the exhaust gas inlet pipe to prevent backflow of cleaning water.

[0029] Additionally, the CO2 removal unit may include: an ammonia spray nozzle connected to the ammonia pump, which sprays ammonia downwards; a second filling material that allows CO2 to contact with the ammonia, converting CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq); a cooling sleeve formed in multiple sections in each section of the absorption device filled with the second filling material, for cooling the heat generated by the CO2 removal reaction; a water sprayer that captures NH3 that has not reacted with CO2 and is discharged to the outside; a demister plate formed in a tortuous multi-plate shape, causing the ammonia to return towards the second filling material; a partition wall formed to prevent the ammonia from flowing back; and a cut-off plate in the shape of an umbrella covering the exhaust gas inlet of the partition wall.

[0030] Additionally, the absorption tower may also include EGE, wherein the EGE is in the NO X The absorption section and the SO X The absorption sections are formed to allow the waste heat from the ship's engine to exchange heat with the boiler water.

[0031] Additionally, it may include a steam generation unit, comprising: an auxiliary boiler that receives a mixture of heat-exchanged steam and saturated water, separates the steam, and supplies it to a steam consumption point; a boiler water circulation pump that circulates boiler water from the auxiliary boiler to the EGE; a stepped tank that recovers condensed water from the steam consumption point; and a supply pump and regulating valve that regulates and supplies the amount of boiler water from the stepped tank to the auxiliary boiler.

[0032] Additionally, the ammonia regeneration unit may include: a Ca(OH)2 storage tank for storing Ca(OH)2; a mixing tank for mixing NH4HCO3(aq) and Ca(OH)2 discharged from the absorption tower by means of a stirrer to generate CaCO3(s) and H2O, thereby regenerating NH3(g); a filter for drawing in solution and precipitate from the mixing tank and separating CaCO3(s); a high-pressure pump for transferring the solution and precipitate to the filter at high pressure; and a CaCO3(s) storage tank for storing CaCO3(s) in slurry or solid state.

[0033] Additionally, the ammonia regeneration unit may include: a Mg(OH)2 storage tank for storing Mg(OH)2; a mixing tank for stirring NH4HCO3(aq) and Mg(OH)2 discharged from the absorption tower by means of a stirrer to generate MgCO3(s) and H2O, thereby regenerating NH3(g); a filter for drawing in solution and precipitate from the mixing tank and separating MgCO3(s); a high-pressure pump for transferring the solution and precipitate to the filter at high pressure; and a MgCO3(s) storage tank for storing MgCO3(s) in slurry or solid state.

[0034] Alternatively, the ammonia water or clean water separated by the filter can be supplied to the ammonia water manufacturing unit, or excess ammonia water or excess clean water generated by the mixing tank relative to the total circulating clean water can be stored in the clean water tank.

[0035] Alternatively, in the Ca(OH)2 storage tank, water supplied from the water tank can be reacted with CaO to generate Ca(OH)2.

[0036] Alternatively, in the Mg(OH)2 storage tank, water supplied from the water tank can be reacted with MgO to generate Mg(OH)2.

[0037] Additionally, it may include a discharge section comprising a cleaning water tank, a water treatment device, and a mud storage tank. The cleaning water tank stores the cleaning water discharged from the absorption tower. The water treatment device includes a turbidity-adjusting filtration unit and a pH-adjusting neutralizing agent injection unit so that the cleaning water transferred to the cleaning water tank by means of a transfer pump meets the conditions for discharge offboard. The mud storage tank separately stores solid discharge materials.

[0038] On the other hand, the present invention can provide a ship equipped with the greenhouse gas emission reduction devices listed above.

[0039] Technical effect

[0040] According to the present invention, the effect is that NO is reduced in the exhaust gas emitted from ship engines. X SO X CO2 is converted into substances that do not harm the environment and separated for emission, or converted into useful substances and stored, in order to meet IMO greenhouse gas emission regulations and remove SO2. XTo improve CO2 removal efficiency and increase the CO2 dissolution reaction rate and CO2 solubility, Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2 can be used to save on NH3 regeneration costs. This allows for a reduction in the capacity of the filter's downstream section. During CO2 removal, only the relatively inexpensive NH3 loss portion, Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2 (CaO or MgO) is consumed, further reducing removal costs and eliminating SO2 residues from NH3 regeneration. X The resulting side reactions can minimize NH3 loss, ensuring that no impurities are included during ammonia recovery. Only Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2 (CaO or MgO) is added, and the ammonia concentration remains unchanged, thus reducing the filter capacity. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 The illustration shows a schematic configuration diagram of a greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 The illustration shows Figure 1 System loop diagram of greenhouse gas emission reduction devices for ships.

[0043] Figure 3 The diagram shows the separation. Figure 2 The seawater supply section of the ship's greenhouse gas emission reduction device.

[0044] Figure 4 The diagram shows the separation. Figure 2 The ammonia manufacturing department of the ship's greenhouse gas emission reduction device.

[0045] Figure 5 The diagram shows the separation. Figure 2 The absorption tower of the greenhouse gas emission reduction device on the ship.

[0046] Figure 6 The diagram shows the separation. Figure 5 SO absorption tower X Absorption section.

[0047] Figure 7 The diagram shows the separation. Figure 2 The steam generation section of the greenhouse gas emission reduction device on the ship.

[0048] Figure 8 The diagram shows the separation. Figure 2 The ammonia regeneration section and ammonia water production section of the greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships.

[0049] Figure 9 An exemplary illustration shows the application of Figure 2 A variety of filling materials for greenhouse gas emission reduction devices on ships.

[0050] Implementation form of the invention

[0051] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can readily implement the invention. The present invention can be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0052] An embodiment of the greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship according to the present invention includes: a seawater supply unit that supplies seawater; an ammonia production unit that produces and supplies ammonia by reacting clean water with NH3; an absorption tower having a CO2 removal unit that reacts and cools exhaust gas from the ship's engine with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit, and then reacts the cooled exhaust gas with ammonia from the ammonia production unit to convert CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq) and remove CO2; and an ammonia regeneration unit that reacts NH4HCO3(aq) discharged from the absorption tower with Mg(OH)2 to regenerate NH3 and return it to the ammonia production unit.

[0053] At this point, depending on the type and specifications of the engine (low-pressure engine or high-pressure engine) and the type of fuel supplied to the engine (HFO, MDO, MgO, LNG, ammonia, etc.), the absorption tower can be selectively constructed by including a NOx absorption section or a SOx absorption section, or by including both.

[0054] In particular, regarding the SOx absorption section, as described later, SOx can be dissolved by reacting with seawater, and the cooling of exhaust gas and SOx absorption can be performed in one step.

[0055] On the other hand, a vessel according to another embodiment of the present invention may be provided with the aforementioned greenhouse gas emission reduction device.

[0056] The following describes an embodiment in which a NOx absorption section, a SOx absorption section, and a CO2 removal section are stacked in an absorption tower, but it is not limited thereto. As mentioned above, the NOx absorption section and / or SOx absorption section may or may not be equipped depending on the type of engine and fuel.

[0057] The essence of the greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to embodiments of the present invention is that it generally includes: a seawater supply unit 110, which supplies seawater; an ammonia water production unit 120, which produces and supplies ammonia water by reacting clean water with NH3; an absorption tower 130, which has a CO2 removal unit 133, which reacts and cools exhaust gas discharged from the ship's engine 10 with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit 110, and then reacts the cooled exhaust gas with ammonia water from the ammonia water production unit 120 to convert CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq) and remove CO2; and an ammonia regeneration unit 140, which reacts NH4HCO3(aq) discharged from the absorption tower 130 with Ca(OH)2(aq) or Mg(OH)2(aq) to regenerate NH3(g) and return it to the ammonia water production unit 120; and separates and discharges NO from the exhaust gas. X SO X CO2, enabling compliance with IMO greenhouse gas emission regulations and the removal of SO2. X CO2 is removed later to improve CO2 removal efficiency and remove SO2 residues remaining during NH3 regeneration. X The resulting side reactions ensure that the recovered ammonia is free of impurities.

[0058] The following reference Figures 1 to 9 The composition of the greenhouse gas emission reduction device of the aforementioned ship is described in detail.

[0059] First, the seawater supply unit 110 supplies seawater to the SO2 absorption tower 130. X Absorption section 132, specifically, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it may include: seawater pumps 111a and 111b, which draw in and receive supplied seawater from outside the ship through a seabed suction box (not shown in the figure), and pump it to SO₂. X Absorption unit 132; regulating valve 112, which regulates the flow rate of seawater supplied from seawater pumps 111a and 111b according to the amount of exhaust gas. Seawater pumps 111a and 111b can be a suction pump 111a that draws seawater from outside the ship and a pump 111b that pumps and transfers seawater to SO2. X The absorption section 132 is composed of a seawater transfer pump 111b.

[0060] For reference, depending on whether the ship is docked or at sea, seawater can be selectively supplied to seawater pumps 111a and 111b from either the high seabed suction tank (for suction of upper seawater) or the low seabed suction tank (for suction of lower seawater) based on the water depth. That is, when the ship is docked, the upper seawater is cleaner than the lower seawater, so the high seabed suction tank can be used; when the ship is at sea, the lower seawater is cleaner than the upper seawater, so the low seabed suction tank can be used.

[0061] The regulating valve 112 can be a manually operated diaphragm valve or a solenoid valve for regulating seawater flow, but it is not limited to these. Any type of valve can be used as long as it can adjust the amount of seawater injected through the seawater jet nozzle 132a according to the amount of exhaust gas.

[0062] Then, the ammonia water manufacturing unit 120 reacts clean water with NH3 that is replenished when regenerated or insufficient to prepare and supply ammonia water (NH4OH(aq)).

[0063] Specifically, such as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the ammonia water manufacturing unit 120 may include: a fresh water tank 121 for storing fresh water; a fresh water pump 122 for drawing and supplying fresh water from the fresh water tank 121; and an ammonia water manufacturing tower 123, which is composed of a tower tank 123a, an NH3 injection nozzle 123b, a fresh water injection nozzle 123c, and a packing material 123d. The NH3 injection nozzle 123b is formed at the lower end of the tower tank 123a and sprays NH3 upwards, while the fresh water injection nozzle 123c is formed at the upper end of the tower tank 123a and sprays fresh water from the fresh water pump 122 downwards. The packing material... Material 123d is formed between NH3 injection nozzle 123b and water injection nozzle 123c, so that water and NH3 come into contact, dissolving NH3 to generate ammonia water. The cooling sleeve 123e cools the heat generated in the tower tank 123a due to the dissolution reaction according to the following [Chemical Formula 1]; and the ammonia water pump 124 supplies ammonia water from the ammonia water storage tank 124a at the lower end of the ammonia water production tower 123 to the ammonia water injection nozzle 133a formed at the upper end of the CO2 removal section 133.

[0064] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0065] NH3 + H2O → NH4OH (aq), (exothermic reaction, 1650 MJ / ton)

[0066] The clear water tank 121 can store distilled water produced on-board or clear water (or ammonia) separated and transferred to the ammonia production tower 123 during the separation of CaCO3 or MgCO3 using filter 144. Additionally, the clear water tank 121 can also store excess clear water generated after passing through mixing tank 143 and filter 144, relative to the total circulating clear water required for ammonia production and NH3 regeneration (see reference). Figure 8 ).

[0067] On the other hand, if we refer to Figure 4The ammonia production tower 123 may also include a demister plate 123f, which is formed in a tortuous multi-plate shape at the upper end of the clean water spray nozzle 123c in the upper part of the tower tank 123a, so that the mist from the clean water returns to the packing material 123d. Since the clean water can be discharged to the outside through the exhaust gas, the mist is impacted by the tortuous shape, and the droplets become larger, which can make the liquid drain downwards to the packing material 123d.

[0068] Additionally, it may include an NH3 supply pipe 123g that supplies NH3(g) vented to the upper end of the ammonia production tower 123 to the lower end of the CO2 removal section 133, so that the excess NH3(g) that fails to dissolve and is vented is absorbed by the ammonia flowing down through the CO2 removal section 133, thereby minimizing the loss of NH3.

[0069] On the other hand, if the NH3 regenerated by the ammonia regeneration section 140 is used to generate ammonia water via the ammonia water production tower 123, or if the ammonia water is not converted to NO... X If the amount of NH3 supplied by the first NH3 injection nozzle 131b of the absorption section 131 is insufficient, or if NH3 itself is lost, an additional NH3 storage tank 123h can be provided to supply NH3, thereby compensating for the loss and deficiency. That is, it allows NH3 to be supplied from the ammonia regeneration section 140 using the NH3 injection nozzle 123b, blower 131a, or compressor of the ammonia water production section 120, using NO... X The first NH3 injection nozzle 131b of the absorption section 131 directly supplies NH3, or when NH3 is lost or insufficient, it can be supplied from the NH3 storage tank 123h to replace the lost or insufficient portion.

[0070] In addition, the diameter and height of the tower tank 123a are preferably designed so that the flow rate of the clean water and the flow rate of NH3 reach 1 / 2 of the overflow velocity. Thus, the pressure drop in the tower tank 123a under the immersion state can be offset when NH3 is sprayed through the NH3 injection nozzle 123b at a pressure slightly higher than atmospheric pressure.

[0071] Furthermore, the packing material 123d can be composed of multiple sections of distillation column packing designed to increase the contact area per unit volume. The contact area per unit area, gas pressure drop, and overflow velocity can be considered to select a suitable material. Figure 9 The packing material of the distillation column shown in the diagram.

[0072] On the other hand, a solution redistributor (not shown in the figure) can be formed between the packing material of the multi-segmented distillation tower to prevent channeling of the clear water.

[0073] In addition, the ammonia pump 124 can be a centrifugal pump, which draws a large amount of ammonia from the ammonia production tower 123 to the CO2 removal unit 133 for effective supply.

[0074] In addition, the cooling sleeve 123e can be cooled in accordance with the solubility of NH3, so that the reaction temperature of the dissolution reaction is maintained between 30°C and 50°C.

[0075] Then, absorption tower 130 as Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, by NO X Absorption section 131, SO X The absorption section 132 and the CO2 removal section 133 are stacked vertically to absorb and remove NO in sequence. X SO X , CO2, wherein the NO X The absorption section 131 absorbs and removes NO from the exhaust gas emitted from the main engine or power generation engine 10 of a ship. X The SO X The absorption section 132 removes NO. X The waste gas reacts with seawater, dissolving and removing SO2 while cooling. X The CO2 removal unit 133 removes SO2. X The waste gas reacts with ammonia supplied from the ammonia manufacturing unit 120 to convert CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq), thus removing CO2.

[0076] The absorption tower 130 may include NO. X Absorption section 131, SO X The absorption section 132, the CO2 removal section 133, and the EGE 134 described later can be composed of individual modules to achieve modular combination, or they can be integrated in a single tower form. The absorption tower 130 itself can also be composed of a single tower or multiple towers.

[0077] Specifically, NO X The absorption unit 131, acting as an SCR (Selective Catalyst Reactor), can directly receive NH3 from the ammonia regeneration unit 140 via a blower 131a or a compressor, and inject NH3 using the first NH3 injection nozzle 131b. Alternatively, when NH3 is insufficient, urea water (UREA) from the urea water storage tank 131c can be supplied via the urea water supply pump 131d and injected using the second NH3 injection nozzle 131e to compensate for the insufficient NH3.

[0078] If urea is decomposed into water, NH3 and CO2 are produced. Therefore, it is preferable to directly supply NH3 to reduce CO2 production, which can be achieved in NO2 production. X A NO-sensing element is formed at the upper end of the absorption section 131. X NO concentration X Sensor 131f (reference) Figure 5 ).

[0079] In addition, SO X The absorption section 132, which is the section that first comes into contact with seawater, is composed of multiple seawater jet nozzles 132a connected to the regulating valve 112 that spray seawater downwards, which can dissolve SO₂. X While removing soot dust, the temperature of the exhaust gas is cooled to 27°C to 33°C as required by the CO2 removal unit 133 through seawater jet nozzle 132a or another cooling sleeve (not shown in the figure), preferably to about 30°C.

[0080] On the other hand, such as Figure 6 As shown in (a), at the lower part of the seawater jet nozzle 132a, there are multiple sections of porous upper plates 132b forming flow paths for exhaust gas to pass through, so that seawater and exhaust gas can come into smooth contact, or as shown in (a). Figure 6 As shown in (b), absorption devices 132c filled with a material that allows seawater to contact with exhaust gas can also be formed at the lower part of the seawater jet nozzle 132a, so that the seawater dissolves SO2. X .

[0081] On the other hand, in order to further improve SO X The solubility of [something] can be determined by a closed loop system consisting of an alkaline reagent, such as NaOH or MgO, into which a compound forming alkali ions is added.

[0082] For reference, although closed-loop systems involve additional consumption of alkaline chemicals, they have the advantage of requiring a smaller volume of circulating seawater, only spraying seawater and dissolving SO₂. X An open-loop system that discharges to the outside of the ship has the advantage of simplification by eliminating the need for additional alkaline chemicals. To maximize this advantage, it can also be constructed as a hybrid system that combines open and closed loops.

[0083] Therefore, through SO X Absorption section 132 first removes SO X Then, CO2 is removed by the CO2 removal unit 133, SO X The solubility increases, first transforming into compounds such as Na₂SO₃, which can solve the problem until SO₂ is reached. XThis addresses the challenge of removing CO2 before it was fully dissolved, improving CO2 solubility and CO2 removal efficiency.

[0084] Among them, by using SO X The washing water, which is drained from the absorption section 132 to the discharge section 160, contains SO3. - SO4 2- Carbon soot, NaSO3, NaSO4, MgCO3, MgSO4 and other ionic compounds, SO X The absorption section 132 may include an umbrella-shaped partition 132e that covers the exhaust gas inlet pipe 132d to prevent the cleaning water from flowing back into the NO. X Absorption section 131 or EGE134.

[0085] In addition, CO2 removal unit 133, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the device includes: an ammonia spray nozzle 133a connected to an ammonia pump 124, which sprays ammonia downwards; a filling material 133b that brings CO2 into contact with the ammonia, converting CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq) according to [Chemical Formula 2]; a cooling sleeve (not shown in the figure), which is formed in multiple sections in each section of the absorption device filled with the filling material 133b, cooling the heat generated by the CO2 removal reaction and maintaining it at 30°C to 50°C; a water sprayer 133c that captures NH3 that is discharged to the outside without reacting with CO2; a demister plate 133d formed in a tortuous multi-plate shape, causing the ammonia to return towards the filling material 133b; and a partition wall 133e formed to prevent the ammonia from flowing back into the SO42-containing area. X Absorption section 132; cutting plate 133f, the cutting plate 133f being in the shape of an umbrella covering the exhaust gas inlet 133e-1 of the partition wall 133e.

[0086]

Chemical Formula 2

[0087] 2NH4OH + CO2 → (NH4)2CO3 + H2O

[0088] (NH4)2CO3 + CO2 + H2O -> 2NH4HCO3

[0089] The CO2 removal unit 133 removes NO from the preceding part. X and SO X The waste gas is first removed by reacting with ammonia water. In the CO2 removal process, no NO reaction occurs. X and SO XThe resulting side reactions can minimize the occurrence of impurities, and in subsequent processes, NH4HCO3 with fewer impurities can be obtained.

[0090] Furthermore, the packing material 133b can be composed of multiple sections of distillation column packing designed to increase the contact area per unit volume. Factors such as the contact area per unit area, gas pressure drop, and overflow velocity can be considered when selecting a suitable packing material. Figure 9 The packing material of the distillation column shown in the diagram.

[0091] On the other hand, the absorption tower 130 may also include an EGE (Exhaust Gas Economizer) 134, wherein the EGE is used in NO... X Absorption section 131 and SO X The absorption section 132 is formed between the two sections, allowing the waste heat from the ship engine 10 to exchange heat with the boiler water.

[0092] Then, the ammonia regeneration section 140 reacts the NH4HCO3(aq) discharged from the absorption tower 130 with Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2, regenerating the NH3 and returning it to the ammonia water production section 120 and NO. X The absorption section 131 is reused to store CO2 in the form of CaCO3(s) or MgCO3(s), or it is discharged.

[0093] Specifically, such as Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, the ammonia regeneration unit 140 may include: a Ca(OH)2 storage tank 141 or a Mg(OH)2 storage tank 141 for storing Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2; a mixing tank 143, which, by means of a stirrer 142, stirs NH4HCO3(aq) discharged from the CO2 removal unit 133 of the absorption tower 130 with Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2, and generates CaCO3(s) or MgCO3(s) and H2O according to the following [Chemical Formula 3] or [Chemical Formula 4], thereby regenerating NH3(g); and a filter 144, which is used for... Filter 144 draws in solution and precipitate from mixing tank 143, separating CaCO3(s) or MgCO3(s); high-pressure pump 145 transfers solution and precipitate to filter 144 at high pressure; and CaCO3(s) storage tank (not shown in the figure) or MgCO3(s) storage tank (not shown in the figure) stores slurry or solid CaCO3(s) or MgCO3(s) that has been transferred to a dryer (not shown in the figure) to become solid.

[0094]

Chemical Formula 3

[0095] NH4HCO3(aq)+Ca(OH)2->CaCO3(s)+2H2O+NH3(g)

[0096] [Chemical Formula 4]

[0097] NH4HCO3(aq)+Mg(OH)2->MgCO3(s)+2H2O+NH3(g)

[0098] In this process, the stirrer 142 installed in the mixing tank 143 enables NH4HCO3(aq) to react continuously with Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2, while maintaining a predetermined temperature to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction.

[0099] On the other hand, the waste of clean water can be eliminated by supplying the clean water (or ammonia water) separated by the filter 144 to the clean water spray nozzle 123c of the ammonia water manufacturing section 120, or by storing the excess clean water (or excess ammonia water) generated by the mixing tank 143 relative to the total circulating clean water required for ammonia water generation and NH3 regeneration in the clean water tank 121.

[0100] In addition, the Ca(OH)2 storage tank 141 or Mg(OH)2 storage tank 141 also serves to react the purified water supplied from the purified water tank 121 with CaO or MgO to generate and store Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2, which is then supplied to the mixing tank 143. Since CaO or MgO has low solubility, it is more efficient to use a method where CaO or MgO is added to purified water as needed to produce Ca(OH)2(aq) or Mg(OH)2(aq). Heating and stirring are required when adding CaO or MgO.

[0101] Therefore, without a decrease in ammonia concentration, the capacity of filter 144 can be reduced, thus decreasing NH3 regeneration costs. In other words, theoretically, by consuming only MgO and using NH3 and clean water, CO2 removal costs can be significantly reduced.

[0102] Additionally, filter 144 draws in solution and precipitate from mixing tank 143, and uses high-pressure pump 145 to transfer the precipitate of NaHCO3 and other byproducts at high pressure, separating CaCO3 or MgCO3, which is then stored in solid state or discharged overboard. As an example of a filter, a diaphragm filter suitable for precipitate separation caused by high-pressure solid transfer can be used.

[0103] Additionally, the NH3 regenerated by means of the mixing tank 143 is supplied to the NH3 injection nozzle 123b and NO in the ammonia water manufacturing section 120. X The first NH3 injection nozzle 131b of the absorption section 131 enables the preparation of ammonia water and the removal of NO. XReusing NH3 can minimize the relatively expensive consumption of NH3 and save costs.

[0104] Then, the steam generation section 150, as Figure 7 As shown, the steam required for generating and supplying the ship's internal heating equipment is comprised of an auxiliary boiler 151, a boiler water circulation pump 152, a cascade tank 153, a supply pump 154, and a regulating valve 155. The auxiliary boiler 151 receives a mixture of steam and saturated water that has undergone heat exchange through the EGE 134. The steam is separated by a steam drum (not shown) and supplied to the steam consumption point. The boiler water circulation pump 152 circulates boiler water from the auxiliary boiler 151 to the EGE 134. The cascade tank 153 recovers condensate that has undergone phase change after being consumed from the steam consumption point. The supply pump 154 ​​and the regulating valve 155 regulate and supply the amount of boiler water from the cascade tank 153 to the auxiliary boiler 151.

[0105] In cases where the ship engine 10 is under heavy load, the heat received from the exhaust gas is high, and the steam required by the ship can be fully produced by the EGE 134. However, in cases where this is not the case, the fuel can be burned in the auxiliary boiler 151 itself to generate the required steam.

[0106] Then, the discharge section 160, as Figure 2 As shown, the system consists of a cleaning water tank 161, a water treatment device 163, and a mud storage tank 164. The cleaning water that meets the conditions for discharge outside the ship after passing through the water treatment device 163 can be discharged outside the ship. Solid emissions such as carbon soot that do not meet the conditions for discharge outside the ship are stored separately in the mud storage tank 164. The cleaning water tank 161 stores the cleaning water discharged from the absorption tower 130. The water treatment device 163 has a turbidity-adjusting filtration unit and a neutralizing agent injection unit for pH adjustment, so that the cleaning water transferred to the cleaning water tank by means of a transfer pump meets the conditions for discharge outside the ship. The mud storage tank 164 separately stores solid emissions such as carbon soot.

[0107] On the other hand, as a neutralizing agent to meet the conditions for discharge from the ship, NaOH can be used, but assuming that all the substances discharged from the absorption tower 130 meet the conditions of acidity or alkalinity, a neutralizing agent that can neutralize these acids or alkalinities can be selected as needed.

[0108] Therefore, based on the configuration of the ship's greenhouse gas emission reduction device as described above, NO2 is reduced from the exhaust gas emitted from the ship's engine. X SO XCO2 is converted into substances that do not harm the environment and separated for emission, or converted into useful substances and stored, in order to meet IMO greenhouse gas emission regulations and remove SO2. X Post-CO2 removal improves the CO2 dissolution reaction rate and CO2 solubility and removal efficiency. Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2 can be used to save on NH3 regeneration costs, reducing the capacity of the filter's downstream section. During CO2 removal, only the relatively inexpensive NH3 loss portion and Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2 (CaO or MgO) are consumed, further saving removal costs. CO2 can be stored in its naturally occurring CaCO3(s) or MgCO3(s) form, which can then be discharged at sea, removing SO2 remaining from NH3 regeneration. X The resulting side reactions minimize NH3 loss, allowing for the absence of impurities during ammonia recovery. Only Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2 is added, resulting in no change in ammonia concentration and thus reducing the filter capacity.

[0109] The present invention has been described above with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications or other embodiments belonging to the same scope as the present invention can be implemented by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the true scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A greenhouse gas emission reduction device for a ship, comprising: Seawater supply department, which supplies seawater; Ammonia manufacturing unit, which produces and supplies ammonia by reacting water with NH3; An absorption tower, comprising a CO2 removal section, wherein exhaust gas from a ship engine reacts with and cools seawater supplied from a seawater supply section, and the cooled exhaust gas reacts with ammonia from an ammonia production section to convert CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq), thereby removing CO2; and The ammonia regeneration section reacts NH4HCO3(aq) discharged from the absorption tower with Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2, regenerating the NH3 and returning it to the ammonia water production section. The ammonia manufacturing unit includes: A clean water tank, wherein the clean water tank stores clean water; A clean water pump, which draws clean water from the clean water tank to supply clean water; An ammonia production tower comprises a tower tank, an NH3 injection nozzle, a clean water injection nozzle, a first packing material, and a cooling jacket. The NH3 injection nozzle is formed at the lower end of the tower tank and sprays NH3 upwards. The clean water injection nozzle is formed at the upper end of the tower tank and sprays clean water from the clean water pump downwards. The first packing material is formed between the NH3 injection nozzle and the clean water injection nozzle, allowing the clean water to contact the NH3, dissolving the NH3 to generate ammonia. The cooling jacket cools the tower tank to reduce the heat generated by the dissolution reaction.

2. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 1, wherein, The absorption tower also includes a NOx absorption section for absorbing and removing NOx from the exhaust gas emitted from the ship's engine. The CO2 removal unit reacts and cools the NOx-removed waste gas with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit, and then reacts the cooled waste gas with ammonia from the ammonia production unit to convert CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq) to remove CO2. The ammonia regeneration unit regenerates NH3 and returns it to the ammonia water production unit and the NO... X Absorption section.

3. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 1, wherein, The absorption tower also includes a SOx absorption section, which reacts the exhaust gas from the ship's engine with seawater supplied from the seawater supply section, dissolving and removing SOx while simultaneously cooling the gas. The CO2 removal unit reacts the SOx-removed waste gas with ammonia water from the ammonia water manufacturing unit to convert CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq) to remove CO2.

4. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 1, wherein, The absorption tower is made of NO X Absorption section, SO X The absorption section and the CO2 removal section are stacked together, wherein the NO X The absorption section absorbs and removes NO from the exhaust gas emitted from the ship's engine. X The SO X The absorption section removes NO. X The exhaust gas reacts with seawater supplied from the seawater supply unit, cooling the SO₂ while simultaneously reducing its concentration. X Dissolving and removing, the CO2 removal unit removes SO X The exhaust gas reacts with ammonia water from the ammonia water manufacturing unit to convert CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq) to remove CO2; The ammonia regeneration unit regenerates NH3 and returns it to the ammonia water production unit and the NO... X Absorption section.

5. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The seawater supply unit includes: Seawater pump, which receives seawater from outside the ship through an underwater suction tank and pumps it into the SO2 system. X Absorbing section; and A regulating valve that adjusts the flow rate of seawater supplied from the seawater pump according to the amount of exhaust gas.

6. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The ammonia production unit further includes an ammonia pump that supplies ammonia from an ammonia storage tank, which stores ammonia discharged to the lower end of the ammonia production tower, to the upper end of the CO2 removal unit.

7. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ammonia production tower also includes a demister plate, which is formed in a tortuous multi-plate shape at the top of the tower tank, causing the mist that has dispersed from the water to return towards the first packing material.

8. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes an NH3 supply pipe that supplies NH3 discharged from the upper end of the ammonia production tower to the lower end of the CO2 removal section.

9. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first packing material is composed of multiple sections of distillation column packing designed to increase the contact area per unit volume.

10. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 9, characterized in that, A solution redistributor is also formed between the multi-segmented packing of the distillation column.

11. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 6, characterized in that, The diameter and height of the tower are designed so that the flow rate of the clean water and the flow rate of NH3 reach 1 / 2 of the overflow velocity.

12. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 6, characterized in that, NH3 is supplied from the ammonia regeneration unit through the NH3 injection nozzle of the ammonia water production unit, or, in the event of NH3 loss or insufficiency, NH3 is supplied from an additional NH3 storage tank to compensate for the loss or insufficiency.

13. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that, The NO X The absorption section receives NH3 directly from the ammonia regeneration section via a blower or compressor and sprays it using a first NH3 injection nozzle. Alternatively, when NH3 is insufficient, urea water is supplied from the urea water storage tank via a urea water supply pump and sprayed using a second NH3 injection nozzle to compensate for the NH3 deficiency.

14. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 5, characterized in that, The SO X The absorption section includes a multi-segment seawater jet nozzle connected to the regulating valve to spray seawater downwards.

15. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 14, characterized in that, At the lower part of the seawater jet nozzle, a porous upper plate is formed in multiple sections. The porous upper plate forms a flow path for the exhaust gas to pass through, so that the seawater comes into contact with the exhaust gas.

16. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 14, characterized in that, At the lower part of the seawater jet nozzle, an absorption device filled with a third filling material is formed to allow the seawater to contact the exhaust gas, thereby dissolving SO₂ in the seawater. X .

17. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 14, characterized in that, The SO X The absorption section includes an umbrella-shaped partition that covers the exhaust gas inlet pipe to prevent backflow of cleaning water.

18. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 6, characterized in that, The CO2 removal unit includes: An ammonia injection nozzle is connected to the ammonia pump and sprays ammonia downwards. The second filling material allows CO2 to come into contact with ammonia water, converting CO2 into NH4HCO3(aq); A cooling sleeve is formed in multiple sections in each section of the absorption device filled with the second filling material to cool the heat generated by the CO2 removal reaction. A water sprayer that captures NH3 that has not reacted with CO2 and is released to the outside; The demisting plate is formed in a tortuous multi-plate shape, which causes the ammonia water to return towards the second filling material; A partition wall, wherein the partition wall is formed to prevent backflow of ammonia; and A cutting plate, wherein the cutting plate is in the shape of an umbrella covering the exhaust gas inlet of the partition wall.

19. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 4, characterized in that, The absorption tower also includes EGE, which is present in the NO... X The absorption section and the SO X The absorption sections are formed between each other, allowing the waste heat from the ship's engine to exchange heat with the boiler water.

20. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 19, characterized in that, It also includes a steam generation unit, which comprises: an auxiliary boiler that receives a mixture of heat-exchanged steam and saturated water, separates the steam, and supplies it to a steam consumption point; a boiler water circulation pump that circulates boiler water from the auxiliary boiler to the EGE; a stepped tank that recovers condensed water from the steam consumption point; and a supply pump and regulating valve that regulates and supplies the amount of boiler water from the stepped tank to the auxiliary boiler.

21. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ammonia regeneration unit includes: Ca(OH)2 storage tank, wherein the Ca(OH)2 storage tank stores Ca(OH)2; A mixing tank, wherein the mixing tank is used by means of a stirrer to stir NH4HCO3(aq) and Ca(OH)2 discharged from the absorption tower to generate CaCO3(s) and H2O, thereby regenerating NH3(g); A filter that draws in solution and precipitate from the mixing tank and separates CaCO3(s); A high-pressure pump, wherein the high-pressure pump transfers the solution and precipitate to the filter at high pressure; and CaCO3(s) storage tank, wherein the CaCO3(s) storage tank stores CaCO3(s) in slurry or solid state.

22. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ammonia regeneration unit includes: A Mg(OH)2 storage tank, wherein the Mg(OH)2 storage tank stores Mg(OH)2; A mixing tank, wherein NH4HCO3(aq) and Mg(OH)2 discharged from the absorption tower are stirred by means of a stirrer to generate MgCO3(s) and H2O, thereby regenerating NH3(g); A filter that draws in solution and precipitate from the mixing tank and separates MgCO3(s); A high-pressure pump, wherein the high-pressure pump transfers the solution and precipitate to the filter at high pressure; and A MgCO3(s) storage tank for storing MgCO3(s) in slurry or solid form.

23. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that, The ammonia water or clean water separated by the filter is supplied to the ammonia water production unit, or the excess ammonia water or excess clean water generated by the mixing tank relative to the total circulating clean water is stored in the clean water tank.

24. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 23, characterized in that, In the Ca(OH)2 storage tank, water supplied from the water tank reacts with CaO to generate Ca(OH)2.

25. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to claim 23, characterized in that, In the Mg(OH)2 storage tank, water supplied from the water tank is reacted with MgO to generate Mg(OH)2.

26. The greenhouse gas emission reduction device for ships according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, It also includes a discharge section, which consists of a cleaning water tank, a water treatment device, and a mud storage tank. The cleaning water tank stores the cleaning water discharged from the absorption tower. The water treatment device has a turbidity-adjusting filtration unit and a neutralizing agent injection unit for pH adjustment, so that the cleaning water transferred to the cleaning water tank by means of a transfer pump meets the conditions for discharge off-board. The mud storage tank separately stores solid discharge materials.

27. A ship equipped with a greenhouse gas emission reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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