Improved method and structure for hydraulic reamer

Abstract

The application discloses an improved method and structure of a hydraulic hole expander, which comprises a hole expander shell, a lower joint and an upper joint threadedly connected to two ends of the hole expander shell respectively, a shunt valve sleeve and a central pipe installed in the hole expander shell respectively, the upper end of the central pipe is threadedly connected with the upper joint, the lower end of the central pipe is inserted into a hole in the upper end of the shunt valve sleeve and is sealingly connected with the shunt valve sleeve, a locking mechanism is installed in the upper joint and located at the upper end of the central pipe, a locking bolt is threadedly connected to the upper joint, and the locking mechanism is limited by the locking bolt; the shunt valve sleeve is a stepped tubular structure, and a lower step and a middle step are arranged on the outer wall of the shunt valve sleeve respectively. The application has the advantages of simple structure, less working mechanisms and parts, reliable work, convenient replacement of wearing parts, and simple and fast adjustment of the working diameter of the hole expander.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to an improved method and structure of hydraulic reamer, belonging to the technical field of oilfield drilling tools. BACKGROUND

[0002] The hydraulic reamer while drilling has been widely used in the drilling industry, that is, it can complete the conventional drilling bit drilling, and according to the drilling process requirements or sudden downhole complex accidents, the reamer can be started at any time to expand the eye operation. The existing reamer can be divided into two types of integral type and variable diameter type from the structure. The integral type reamer has simple structure and low cost, and is scrapped after a period of use and work outer diameter wear, and cannot be recycled, which is a great waste. The most important defect of the integral type reamer is that once the downhole accident occurs, the part connected with the reamer is particularly prone to cause the sticking accident, and the diameter of the wellbore in the upper passing section cannot be smaller than the reamer, otherwise it cannot be lowered; the variable diameter reamer can control the opening and retraction of the blade wing according to the needs during tripping and drilling, which solves the problem that the blade wing working position cannot be replaced after wear, and greatly reduces the risk of sticking.

[0003] For example, the Chinese invention patent with the patent publication number "CN104747085B" and the invention name "a hydraulic reamer and its reaming method" is essentially also a variable diameter reamer, however, the reamer does not have a quick locking mechanism and locking pin, and needs to be disassembled after the shell is screwed to adjust, which cannot realize quick adjustment and locking of the blade wing working stroke, and at the same time, due to the complex stress and violent vibration of the blade wing during work and other factors, the working stroke and opening diameter of the blade wing cannot be guaranteed without the locking pin limiting, and the specified reaming diameter cannot be reached. In addition, the length of the body of the reamer is relatively long, and the inner hole is complex, which increases the processing difficulty and processing cost. Therefore, the existing variable diameter reamer has the problems of complex structure, high manufacturing cost, complex and tedious disassembly and assembly process, troublesome adjustment of working size, unfirm locking of working size, short service life, difficult resetting of the blade wing after use, and easy falling of parts, which needs to be further improved. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide an improved method and structure of hydraulic reamer, which has simple structure, fewer working mechanisms and parts, reliable work, convenient replacement of wearing parts, simple and quick adjustment of reamer working diameter, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0005] The technical scheme of the present application is: an improved method of a hydraulic hole expander, comprising an existing variable-diameter hole expander, a locking mechanism is installed in the upper joint of the variable-diameter hole expander, which is used to quickly adjust the working stroke of the cutter wing to obtain different cutter wing opening diameters, so as to control the hole expansion diameter size of the hole expander, and a locking pin is threadedly connected to the upper joint, the locking mechanism is limited by the locking pin, so as to avoid the problem that the working stroke and the opening diameter of the cutter wing are changed due to loosening of the locking mechanism during the working process of the hole expander, and the hole expansion quality of the hole expander is improved.

[0006] In the above method, the piston, the lower retaining ring and the lower retaining block of the variable-diameter hole expander are firmly connected into an integrated hydraulic push cutter assembly through threads and six screws, the reliability of the three parts in the upward working or downward resetting is ensured, the screws are installed from top to bottom, the stress condition of the screws is improved, the parts are prevented from falling to cause well accidents, and the safety of drilling operation is improved.

[0007] In the above method, a large-belly groove is arranged in the middle of the inner hole of the hole expander shell to increase the installation space of the spring, facilitate the installation of the large-diameter spring, and ensure that the cutter wing returns to the initial position smoothly during the resetting process.

[0008] The application also provides an improved structure of the hydraulic hole expander, which comprises a hole expander shell, a lower joint and an upper joint threadedly connected to two ends of the hole expander shell respectively, a shunt valve sleeve and a central pipe installed in the hole expander shell respectively, the upper end of the central pipe is threadedly connected to the upper joint, the lower end of the central pipe is inserted into the upper end inner hole of the shunt valve sleeve and is sealingly connected to the shunt valve sleeve, the central pipe is threadedly connected to the upper joint, the locking mechanism is installed at the upper end of the central pipe, the locking pin is threadedly connected to the upper joint, and the locking mechanism is limited by the locking pin.

[0009] Further, the locking mechanism comprises a locking sleeve body, a middle thread is arranged at the middle part of the locking sleeve body and is threadedly connected to the inner hole of the upper joint, a group of one-dot grooves are arranged on the outer wall of the locking sleeve body, and the end of the locking pin is inserted into the one-dot groove to limit the locking sleeve body.

[0010] Further, the lower end of the locking sleeve body is provided with a sealing straight platform which is inserted into the upper end of the central pipe, and a group of T-shaped grooves are arranged on the upper end of the locking sleeve body.

[0011] Further, an inner step is arranged in the inner hole of the shunt valve sleeve and between the longitudinal water groove and the main water eye shunt water hole, an outer step is arranged on the outer circle of the lower end of the valve core and limits the inner step, a large nozzle is installed in the inner hole of the valve core, a retaining ring is embedded and installed on the upper end of the large nozzle on the side wall of the inner hole of the valve core, and an annular groove is opened on the outer wall of the valve core, and the end of the shear pin is inserted into the annular groove to limit the valve core.

[0012] Further, the hydraulic push knife assembly comprises a piston, a lower stopper and a lower retaining ring, an end thread is arranged on the outer wall of the piston, a lower stopper limiting groove is opened on the outer wall of the piston, a sealing table is arranged on the outer wall of the piston and between the end thread and the lower stopper limiting groove, U-shaped grooves are uniformly distributed on the inner hole of the lower end of the piston, the lower stopper is in a U-shaped structure, a clamping table is arranged on the inner side of the lower stopper and embedded in the lower stopper limiting groove, and a protruding key is symmetrically arranged on the lower stopper, the upper end surface of the lower retaining ring is in contact with the lower end of the knife wing, the lower retaining ring is in a circular ring structure with a limiting lug, the inner hole of the lower retaining ring is an internal thread hole which is threadedly connected with the end thread, a sealing groove matched with the sealing table is arranged on the mouth of the internal thread hole, the number and position of the limiting lugs correspond to the knife wing, a key groove matched with the protruding key is symmetrically opened on both sides of each limiting lug, and each limiting lug is fixedly connected with the lower stopper through two long screws, and the heads of the long screws are located at the contact end of the lower stopper and the knife wing.

[0013] Further, the elastic push knife assembly comprises an upper retaining ring, an upper stopper, a spring and a spring sleeve, the spring sleeve and the upper retaining ring are respectively sleeved on the center pipe, the spring is installed between the spring sleeve and the center pipe, the lower end of the spring is in elastic contact with the upper retaining ring, the lower end surface of the upper retaining ring is in contact with the upper end of the knife wing, the upper end surface of the upper retaining ring is fixedly connected with the upper stopper through a short screw, and the upper part of the upper stopper is sleeved on the lower end of the spring sleeve.

[0014] Further, the two sides of the knife wing mounting hole are symmetrically provided with guide inclined grooves which are inclined upward from inside to outside and are in sliding cooperation with the guide protruding ridges on the two sides of the knife wing.

[0015] Due to the above technical scheme, the application has the following advantages:

[0016] 1. A set of locking mechanisms are arranged in the upper joint, which are used for quickly adjusting and locking the working stroke of the knife wing to obtain different opening diameters of the knife wing, so as to control the opening diameter size of the hole expander, and a set of hole expanders can meet the requirements of different opening diameter ranges without increasing parts, and when the opening diameter of the hole expander does not meet the requirements after the working stroke of the knife wing is adjusted and the gauge wear is caused, the working stroke of the knife wing can be adjusted and increased to reach the required opening diameter, thereby improving the service life of the knife wing.

[0017] 2. The piston, the lower blocking ring and the lower block are firmly connected into one through thread and six screws, the reliability of the three is ensured in upstroke work or downstroke reset, meanwhile, the screws are installed from top to bottom, the stress condition of the screw is improved, the part falling into the well accident is not easy to appear, and the safety is improved;

[0018] 3. In order to reduce the machining difficulty of the reamer shell and improve the strength of the reset spring part, a large-belly groove is arranged in the middle of the reamer shell inner hole, under the premise of realizing the shunting function of the lower part, the stroke adjustment and locking function of the upper part, the length of the reamer shell and the complexity of the inner hole are maximally shortened.

[0019] Therefore, the hydraulic reamer of the present application is provided with a locking mechanism in the upper joint, the adjustment operation is simple, the shell parts can be realized without being disassembled, the structure is simple, the working mechanism and the number of parts are less, the work is reliable, the replacement of the wearing parts is convenient, the adjustment of the working diameter of the reamer is simple and fast. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 is the A-A sectional view of Figure 1 ;

[0022] Figure 3 is the enlarged view of B of Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 4 is the enlarged view of C of Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 5 is the structure schematic diagram of the valve core;

[0025] Figure 6 is the sectional view of the structure schematic diagram of the locking mechanism;

[0026] Figure 7 is the right view of Figure 6 ;

[0027] Figure 8 is the D-D sectional view of Figure 6 ;

[0028] Figure 9 is the F direction schematic diagram of Figure 6 ;

[0029] Figure 10 is the structure schematic diagram of the lower blocking ring;

[0030] Figure 11 is the G-G sectional view of Figure 10 ;

[0031] Figure 12 is a top view of a structural schematic diagram of the lower retainer ring;

[0032] Figure 13 is a H direction schematic diagram of Figure 12

[0033] Figure 14 is a sectional view of a structural schematic diagram of the lower retainer block;

[0034] Figure 15 is a J direction schematic diagram of Figure 14

[0035] Figure 16 is a top view of Figure 14

[0036] Figure 17 is a sectional view of a structural schematic diagram of the piston;

[0037] Figure 18 is a left view of Figure 17

[0038] Figure 19 is a structural schematic diagram of the blade wing.

[0039] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 1 - upper joint, 2 - shunt valve sleeve, 3 - underreamer housing, 4 - valve core, 5 - large nozzle, 6 - shear pin, 7 - retainer ring, 8 - steel ball, 9 - small nozzle, 10 - piston, 11 - lower retainer block, 12 - lower retainer ring, 13 - long screw, 14 - blade wing, 15 - short screw, 16 - upper retainer ring, 17 - upper retainer block, 18 - spring, 19 - spring sleeve, 20 - center tube, 21 - locking pin, 22 - locking mechanism, 23 - upper joint, 24 - upper cavity, 25 - lower cavity, 26 - sealing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples.

[0041] Embodiments of the present application:

[0042] ​​​​The improved method of the hydraulic reamer of the application comprises the existing variable-diameter reamer, a locking mechanism 22 is installed in the upper joint 23 of the variable-diameter reamer, which is used for quickly adjusting the working stroke of the blade wing 14 to obtain different opening diameters of the blade wing 14, so as to control the reaming diameter size of the reamer, and the locking pin 21 is threadedly connected on the upper joint 23, the locking mechanism 22 is limited by the locking pin 21, so as to avoid the problem that the working stroke and the opening diameter of the blade wing 14 are changed due to the loosening of the locking mechanism 22 during the working process of the reamer, and the reaming quality of the reamer is improved. Meanwhile, the piston 10, the lower blocking ring 12 and the lower blocking block 11 of the variable-diameter reamer are firmly connected into an integrated hydraulic push-knife assembly through threads and six long screws 13, the reliability of the three in the upward working or downward resetting is ensured, the long screws 13 are installed from top to bottom, the stress condition of the long screws 13 is improved, the parts are prevented from falling to cause well accidents, and the safety of drilling operation is improved. In addition, the large-belly groove 3-3 is arranged in the middle of the inner hole of the reamer shell 3, so as to increase the installation space of the spring 18, facilitate the installation of the large-diameter spring 18, and ensure that the blade wing 14 returns to the initial position smoothly during the resetting process.

[0043] Referring to Figures 1 to 5The application also provides an improved structure of the hydraulic hole expander based on the improved method, which comprises an expander shell 3, a lower joint 1 and an upper joint 23 threadedly connected at two ends of the expander shell 3 respectively, a shunt valve sleeve 2 and a central pipe 20 installed in the expander shell 3 respectively, the upper end of the central pipe 20 being threadedly connected with the upper joint 23, a group of T-shaped grooves being arranged at the upper part of the central pipe 20, the central pipe 20 being rotated by inserting a tool into the T-shaped groove, a step being arranged at the middle part of the outer wall of the central pipe 20, used for pressing the upper end of the spring sleeve 19, so that the spring sleeve 19 goes up or down with the central pipe 20 to obtain different working strokes, the lower end of the central pipe 20 being inserted into the inner hole of the upper end of the shunt valve sleeve 2 and being sealingly connected with the shunt valve sleeve 2, a locking mechanism 22 being arranged in the upper joint 23 and located at the upper end of the central pipe 20, a locking pin 21 being threadedly connected with the upper joint 23, and the locking mechanism 22 being limited by the locking pin 21; the shunt valve sleeve 2 is a stepped tubular structure, a lower step 2-3 and a middle step 2-5 being arranged on the outer wall of the shunt valve sleeve 2 respectively, an upper cavity 24 being reserved between the outer wall of the shunt valve sleeve 2 and the inner hole of the expander shell 3 and located at the upper part of the middle step 2-5, a lower cavity 25 being reserved between the outer wall of the shunt valve sleeve 2 and the inner hole of the expander shell 3 and located between the lower step 2-3 and the middle step 2-5, a group of shunt water holes 2-4 for cutter wings being arranged on the side wall of the shunt valve sleeve 2 and located at the upper part of the middle step 2-5 and communicated with the upper cavity 24, a group of longitudinal water grooves 2-1 and a group of main water eye shunt water holes 2-2 being arranged on the side wall of the shunt valve sleeve 2 and located between the lower step 2-3 and the middle step 2-5 respectively, the longitudinal water grooves 2-1, the main water eye shunt water holes 2-2 and the lower cavity 25 being communicated to form a main water eye shunt channel, so that the mud flows through the main water eye shunt channel and participates in the normal cutting of the lower drill bit; the lower part of the shunt valve sleeve 2 is inserted into the inner hole of the lower joint 1 and is slidingly connected with the inner hole of the lower joint 1, and the end of the lower joint 1 limits the lower step 2-3, the lower inner hole of the expander shell 3 is a conical hole 3-1 which gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the middle inner hole is a large-belly groove 3-3, so that the upper retaining ring 16, the upper retaining block 17, the spring 18 and the spring sleeve 19 can be arranged in the large-belly groove 3-3, the machining difficulty of the expander shell 3 is reduced, a spring 18 with a larger diameter can be selected, and the reset ability of the spring 18 is improved; meanwhile, the middle step 2-5 is a conical step structure matched with the conical hole 3-1, so that the shunt valve sleeve 2 is limited by the cooperation of the conical hole 3-1 and the middle step 2-5, the inner step of the expander shell 3 does not need to be machined, the machining difficulty of the inner hole of the expander shell 3 is simplified, and the length of the expander shell 3 is maximally shortened.The piston 10 is sleeved on the lower part of the central pipe 20, and the lower part of the piston 10 is sleeved on the upper end of the shunt valve sleeve 2. The valve core 4 is slidingly connected in the inner hole of the shunt valve sleeve 2 and at the blade shunt water hole 2-4. The valve core 4 is limitingly connected with the shunt valve sleeve 2 through the shear pin 6. The hydraulic pusher assembly is fixedly connected at the upper end of the piston 10. The elastic pusher assembly is installed in the large-belly groove 3-3. A group of blade installation holes are formed on the side wall of the reamer housing 3 and between the hydraulic pusher assembly and the elastic pusher assembly. The blade 14 is slidingly connected in each blade installation hole. See Figure 19 A group of guide inclined grooves are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blade installation hole and inclined upward from inside to outside. The guide inclined grooves are slidingly matched with the guide protrusions 14-1 on both sides of the blade 14. A group of blade cooling water holes 3-2 corresponding to the positions of the blades 14 are formed on the side wall of the reamer housing 3 and at the piston 10. The small nozzles 9 are installed in the blade cooling water holes 3-2 and used for spraying mud to lubricate and cool the blades 14.

[0044] See Figures 6 to 9 The locking mechanism 22 includes a locking sleeve body 22-1. A middle screw thread 22-5 is arranged in the middle part of the locking sleeve body 22-1 and threadedly connected with the inner hole of the upper joint 23. A group of linear grooves 22-4 are formed on the outer wall of the locking sleeve body 22-1, and the end of the locking pin 21 is inserted into the linear grooves 22-4 to limit the locking sleeve body 22-1. The lower end of the locking sleeve body 22-1 is provided with a sealing straight platform 22-2 inserted into the upper end of the central pipe 20. A group of T-shaped grooves 22-3 are formed on the upper end of the locking sleeve body 22-1. The group of T-shaped grooves 22-3 can be matched with tools with splines, and the locking sleeve body 22-1 can be rotated by the tools during disassembly and assembly.

[0045] See Figure 5 An inner step 2-6 is arranged in the inner hole of the shunt valve sleeve 2 and between the longitudinal water groove 2-1 and the main water eye shunt water hole 2-2. An outer step 4-2 is arranged on the outer circle of the lower end of the valve core 4 and limits the inner step 2-6. A large nozzle 5 is installed in the inner hole of the valve core 4. A retainer ring 7 is embeddedly installed on the side wall of the inner hole of the valve core 4 and at the upper end of the large nozzle 5. An annular groove 4-1 is formed on the outer wall of the valve core 4. The end of the shear pin 6 is inserted into the annular groove 4-1 to limit the valve core 4. When the steel ball 8 is put in, the valve core 4 is driven by the mud pressure to cut off the shear pin 6 and open the blade shunt water hole 2-4. The valve core 4 cannot continue to descend due to the limitation of the inner step 2-6, so as to avoid the valve core 4 from falling.

[0046] See Figure 3 and Figures 10 to 18The hydraulic pusher assembly comprises a piston 10, a lower stopper 11 and a lower stop ring 12, an end thread 10-1 is arranged on the outer wall of the piston 10, a lower stopper limiting groove 10-2 is arranged on the outer wall of the piston 10, a sealing table 10-4 is arranged on the outer wall of the piston 10 and between the end thread 10-1 and the lower stopper limiting groove 10-2, U-shaped grooves 10-3 are uniformly distributed on the inner hole of the lower end of the piston 10, the lower stopper 11 is in U-shaped structure, a clamping table 11-3 is arranged on the inner side of the lower stopper 11 and is embedded in the lower stopper limiting groove 10-2, and a protruding key 11-1 is symmetrically arranged on the lower stopper 11, the upper end surface of the lower stop ring 12 is in contact with the lower end of the blade wing 14, the lower stop ring 12 is in circular ring structure with a limiting lug 12-5, the inner hole of the lower stop ring 12 is an inner thread hole 12-3 which is threadedly connected with the end thread 10-1, a sealing groove 12-4 which cooperates with the sealing table 10-4 is arranged on the mouth of the inner thread hole 12-3, the number and position of the limiting lug 12-5 correspond to the blade wing 14, a key groove 12-1 which cooperates with the protruding key 11-1 is symmetrically arranged on the two sides of each limiting lug 12-5, and each limiting lug 12-5 is fixedly connected with the lower stopper 11 through two long screws 13, and the head of the long screw 13 is located at the contact end of the lower stopper 11 and the blade wing 14. Therefore, the piston 10, the lower stop ring 12 and the lower stopper 11 are firmly connected into one body through threads and six long screws 13, the reliability of the three in the upward working or downward resetting is ensured, the long screw 13 is installed from top to bottom, the long screw 13 is always blocked by the end of the blade wing 14, even in the case of loosening, the long screw 13 cannot be withdrawn from the lower stop ring 12, the stress condition of the long screw 13 is improved, the part falling into the well accident is not easy to occur, and the safety is improved.

[0047] Referring to Figure 4 The elastic pusher assembly comprises an upper stop ring 16, an upper stopper 17, a spring 18 and a spring sleeve 19, the spring sleeve 19 and the upper stop ring 16 are respectively sleeved on the central pipe 20, the spring 18 is arranged between the spring sleeve 19 and the central pipe 20, the lower end of the spring 18 is in elastic contact with the upper stop ring 16, the lower end surface of the upper stop ring 16 is in contact with the upper end of the blade wing 14, the upper end surface of the upper stop ring 16 is fixedly connected with the upper stopper 17 through the short screw 15, and the upper part of the upper stopper 17 is sleeved on the lower end of the spring sleeve 19.

[0048] In order to prevent the blade wing 14 from slipping during the working process, the two ends of the blade wing 14 are provided with symmetrical inclined surfaces 14-2, and the contact end surfaces of the lower stop ring 12 and the upper stopper 17 and the blade wing 14 are provided with limiting inclined grooves 12-6 which cooperate with the inclined surfaces 14-2, and the inclination angle of the limiting inclined grooves 12-6 is 5 degrees.

[0049] The sealing ring 26 is arranged at the connection of each part through which the mud flows, so as to avoid mud leakage and ensure normal operation of the hole expander.

[0050] The working principle of the present application is as follows:

[0051] Before the hole expansion operation is performed in the drilling process, the axial position of the center tube 20 is first adjusted, the step provided in the middle of the center tube is pushed up or down together with the upper end of the spring sleeve, so as to obtain different working stroke and opening diameter of the blade wing, and then the locking mechanism is installed, the locking mechanism is transversely screwed in, and the working stroke and opening diameter of the blade wing 14 are limited; in order to ensure that the adjusted working stroke and opening diameter of the blade wing 14 do not change in the working process, the locking mechanism 22 is installed on the upper joint 23; when the locking mechanism 22 is installed, the tool with the spline is inserted into the T-shaped slot 22-3 on the locking sleeve body 22-1, the locking sleeve body 22-1 is rotated, the sealing straight table 22-2 at the lower end of the locking sleeve body 22-1 is inserted into the center tube 20 and tightly pushes the center tube 20, then the lock pin 21 is screwed in, the end of the lock pin 21 is inserted into the slot 22-4 on the locking sleeve body 22-1, the locking mechanism 22 is limited by the lock pin 21, so that the locking mechanism 22 is effectively prevented from loosening in the working process of the hole expander, the working stroke and opening diameter of the blade wing 14 are changed, and the hole expansion quality of the hole expander is improved.

[0052] When the hole expansion operation is performed, the steel ball 8 is first put into the hydraulic pressure expander, the steel ball 8 blocks the mud passage of the valve core 4, the mud pressure at the valve core 4 is suddenly increased, the valve core 4 is driven by the mud pressure and is cut off by the shear pin 6, at this time, the blade wing shunt water hole 2-4 on the shunt valve sleeve 2 and the main water eye shunt water hole 2-2 are opened, the mud in the water eye is divided into two ways, one way flows to the outside through the blade wing shunt water hole 2-4, the upper cavity 24 and the small nozzle 9 on the blade wing cooling water hole 3-2, and the pressure of the mud in this way pushes the piston 10 to move upwards, overcomes the pushing force of the spring 18, pushes the blade wing 14 in the middle blade wing mounting hole of the hole expander shell 3 outwards, the PDC composite pieces for cutting the stratum rock are arranged on the blade wing 14, so as to realize the hole expansion while drilling function; the other way of the mud flows back to the water eye through the main water eye shunt water hole 2-2, the lower cavity 25 and the longitudinal water groove 2-1, and participates in the normal cutting of the lower drill bit.

Claims

1. An improved structure of a hydraulic expander, comprising an expander housing (3) and a lower connector (1) and an upper connector (23) respectively threaded to both ends of the expander housing (3), characterized in that: A diverter sleeve (2) and a central tube (20) are respectively installed inside the eye expander housing (3). The upper end of the central tube (20) is threaded to the upper connector (23), and its lower end is inserted into the inner hole of the upper end of the diverter sleeve (2) and sealed to the diverter sleeve (2). A locking mechanism (22) is installed inside the upper connector (23) and at the upper end of the central tube (20). A locking pin (21) is threaded on the upper connector (23) to limit the locking mechanism (22). The diverter sleeve (2) is a stepped tubular structure. A lower step (2-3) and a middle step (2-5) are respectively provided on the outer wall of the diverter sleeve (2). An upper cavity (24) is reserved between the outer wall of the sleeve (2) and the inner hole of the expander housing (3) and above the middle step (2-5). A lower cavity (25) is reserved between the outer wall of the diversion valve sleeve (2) and the inner hole of the expander housing (3) and between the lower step (2-3) and the middle step (2-5). A set of blade diversion water holes (2-4) communicating with the upper cavity (24) is provided on the side wall of the diversion valve sleeve (2) and above the middle step (2-5). A set of longitudinal water grooves (2-1) and a set of main water eye diversion water holes (2-1) are respectively provided on the side wall of the diversion valve sleeve (2) and between the lower step (2-3) and the middle step (2-5). 2) The longitudinal water tank (2-1), the main water eye diversion hole (2-2), and the lower cavity (25) are connected. The lower part of the diversion valve sleeve (2) is inserted into the inner hole of the lower connector (1) and slides in cooperation with the inner hole of the lower connector (1). The end of the lower connector (1) limits the lower step (2-3). The lower inner hole of the expander housing (3) is a conical hole (3-1) that gradually narrows from bottom to top. The middle inner hole is a large groove (3-3). The middle step (2-5) is a truncated cone structure that cooperates with the conical hole (3-1). A piston (10) is sleeved on the lower part of the central tube (20), and the lower part of the piston (10) is sleeved on the upper end of the diversion valve sleeve (2). A valve core (4) is slidably connected in the inner hole of the diversion valve sleeve (2) and at the blade wing diversion water hole (2-4). The valve core (4) and the diversion valve sleeve (2) are limited by a shear pin (6). A hydraulic push knife assembly is fixedly connected to the upper end of the piston (10). An elastic push knife assembly is installed in the large belly groove (3-3). A set of blade wing mounting holes is opened on the side wall of the expander housing (3) and between the hydraulic push knife assembly and the elastic push knife assembly. A blade wing (14) is slidably connected in each blade wing mounting hole. A set of blade wing cooling water holes (3-2) corresponding to the position of the blade wing (14) is opened on the side wall of the expander housing (3) and at the piston (10). The locking mechanism (22) includes a locking sleeve body (22-1), a central thread (22-5) that is threaded to the inner hole of the upper connector (23) is provided in the middle of the locking sleeve body (22-1), a set of slots (22-4) are provided on the outer wall of the locking sleeve body (22-1), and the end of the locking pin (21) is inserted into the slots (22-4) to limit the locking sleeve body (22-1); The blade mounting hole is provided with symmetrical guide grooves that slope upward from the inside to the outside. The guide grooves slide in conjunction with the guide protrusions (14-1) on both sides of the blade (14).

2. The improved structure of the hydraulic eye expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the locking sleeve body (22-1) is provided with a sealing platform (22-2) for inserting into the upper end of the central tube (20), and a set of T-shaped grooves (22-3) are provided at the upper end of the locking sleeve body (22-1).

3. The improved structure of the hydraulic eye expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inner step (2-6) is provided in the inner hole of the diversion valve sleeve (2) and between the longitudinal water groove (2-1) and the main water eye diversion hole (2-2). An outer step (4-2) is provided on the lower outer circle of the valve core (4) and is limited by the inner step (2-6). A large nozzle (5) is installed in the inner hole of the valve core (4). A retaining ring (7) is embedded on the side wall of the inner hole of the valve core (4) and above the large nozzle (5). An annular groove (4-1) is opened on the outer wall of the valve core (4). The end of the shear pin (6) is inserted into the annular groove (4-1) to limit the valve core (4).

4. The improved structure of the hydraulic eye expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic pusher assembly includes a piston (10), a lower stop block (11), and a lower stop ring (12). An end thread (10-1) is provided on the upper end of the outer wall of the piston (10). A lower stop block limiting groove (10-2) is provided on the outer wall of the piston (10). A sealing platform (10-4) is provided on the outer wall of the piston (10) between the end thread (10-1) and the lower stop block limiting groove (10-2). U-shaped grooves (10-3) are evenly distributed at the inner opening of the lower end of the piston (10). The lower stop block (11) has a U-shaped structure. A retaining platform (11-3) is provided on the inner side of the lower stop block (11), and the retaining platform (11-3) is embedded in the lower stop block limiting groove (10-2). Raised keys (11-1) are symmetrically arranged on the lower stop block (11). The lower stop ring (12)... The upper end face contacts the lower end of the blade (14). The lower retaining ring (12) is a ring-shaped structure with limiting ears (12-5). The inner hole of the lower retaining ring (12) is an internal threaded hole (12-3) that is threaded to the end thread (10-1). A sealing groove (12-4) that cooperates with the sealing platform (10-4) is provided at the opening of the internal threaded hole (12-3). The number and position of the limiting ears (12-5) correspond to the blade (14). A keyway (12-1) that cooperates with the convex key (11-1) is symmetrically opened on both sides of each limiting ear (12-5). Each limiting ear (12-5) is fixedly connected to the lower stop block (11) by two long screws (13). The head of the long screw (13) is located at the contact end between the lower stop block (11) and the blade (14).

5. The improved structure of the hydraulic eye expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic pusher assembly includes an upper retaining ring (16), an upper stop block (17), a spring (18), and a spring sleeve (19). The spring sleeve (19) and the upper retaining ring (16) are respectively sleeved on the central tube (20). A spring (18) is installed between the spring sleeve (19) and the central tube (20). The lower end of the spring (18) is in elastic contact with the upper retaining ring (16). The lower end face of the upper retaining ring (16) is in contact with the upper end of the blade wing (14). The upper end face of the upper retaining ring (16) is fixedly connected to the upper stop block (17) by a short screw (15), and the upper part of the upper stop block (17) is sleeved on the lower end of the spring sleeve (19).

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