Method and apparatus for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) information monitoring

Abstract

The present disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses for wireless communication, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media. In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) includes monitoring one or more vehicle-to-everything (V2X) messages based on a first monitoring interval and determining a second monitoring interval based on UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof. The method may further include monitoring one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval. Other aspects and features are also claimed and described.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 308,860, entitled "VEHICLE - TO - EVERYTHING (V2X) MESSAGE MONITORING", filed on May 5, 2021, and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 020,867, entitled "VEHICLE - TO - EVERYTHING (V2X) MESSAGE MONITORING", filed on May 6, 2020. The entire contents of the foregoing patent applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to vehicle - to - everything (V2X) message monitoring. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication networks have been widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, etc. These wireless networks can be multi - access networks capable of supporting multiple users by sharing available network resources. Such networks, which are typically multi - access networks, support the communication of multiple users by sharing available network resources.

[0005] A wireless communication network may include multiple base stations or Node Bs capable of supporting the communication of multiple user equipments (UEs). The UEs may communicate with the base stations via downlink and uplink. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the base station to the UE, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE to the base station.

[0006] The base station may send data and control information to the UE on the downlink, and / or may receive data and control information from the UE on the uplink. On the downlink, transmissions from the base station may encounter interference due to transmissions from adjacent base stations or other radio frequency (RF) transmitters. On the uplink, transmissions from the UE may encounter interference from uplink transmissions of other UEs communicating with adjacent base stations or from other wireless RF transmitters. Such interference degrades the performance of the downlink and uplink.

[0007] As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, the likelihood of interfering with and congesting the network increases as more UEs access the remote wireless communication network and more short - range wireless systems are deployed in the community. Research and development continuously drive the development of wireless technologies, not only to meet the growing demand for mobile broadband access, but also to enhance and improve the mobile communication experience of users.

[0008] Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) technology enables the sharing of information from a vehicle to other devices or entities that may affect the vehicle, and vice versa. V2X technology is associated with vehicle communication systems, which can include one or more aspects or types of communication, such as, by way of illustrative and non-limiting examples, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), vehicle-to-device (V2D), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G). V2X technology can utilize cellular-based communication or wireless local area network communication. In some implementations, messages and communications for V2X technology are in applications and use the underlying radio as a pipe (communication path).

[0009] V2X-enabled vehicles periodically broadcast their current state using application layer messages such as Basic Safety Messages (BSMs) or Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAMs), nominally transmitted at a period of 100 milliseconds (ms). These transmissions constitute the V2X basic safety capabilities and include at least vehicle identity, location, and motion state. In addition to basic safety, standards bodies such as the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) - European Telecommunications Standards (ETS), and the China Standards Association, the China Society of Automotive Engineers (CSAE) are developing application layer standards for advanced features including sensor sharing (such as propagation of detected vehicles or objects) and coordinated driving (such as sharing and negotiating intended maneuvers). Such messages can be detected on one or more UEs and used to warn vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as pedestrians, cyclists, and other micro-mobility users (e.g., scooters, segways, etc.) of the presence of one or more vehicles. Compared to road vehicles including alternators such as cars, trucks, or other vehicles, UEs typically include storage devices (such as batteries) that are sensitive to power consumption. Frequent or continuous monitoring of V2X application layer messages may impose unacceptable power consumption (battery drain) on the UE. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0010] Some aspects of the present disclosure are outlined below to provide a basic understanding of the technology being discussed. This summary is not an extensive review of all the expected features of the present disclosure and is neither intended to identify the key or important elements of all aspects of the present disclosure nor to delineate the scope of any or all aspects of the present disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the present disclosure in an overview form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0011] One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a wireless communication method performed by a user equipment (UE). The method includes monitoring one or more vehicle-to-everything (V2X) messages based on a first monitoring interval. The method also includes determining a second monitoring interval based on UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof, and monitoring one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval.

[0012] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a UE. The UE includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing processor-readable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, are configured to monitor one or more V2X messages based on a first monitoring interval; determine a second monitoring interval based on UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof; and monitor one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval.

[0013] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a device configured for wireless communication. The device includes means for monitoring one or more V2X messages based on a first monitoring interval. The device also includes means for determining a second monitoring interval based on UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof, and means for monitoring one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval.

[0014] Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented in a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations including: monitoring one or more V2X messages based on a first monitoring interval; determining a second monitoring interval based on UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof; and monitoring one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval.

[0015] After reading the following description of specific example implementations of this disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, other aspects, features, and implementations of this disclosure will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Although the features of this disclosure may be described with respect to specific implementations and drawings below, all implementations of this disclosure may include one or more of the advantageous features described herein. In other words, although one or more implementations may be described as having specific advantageous features, one or more of such features may also be used in accordance with the various implementations of this disclosure described herein. In a similar manner, although example implementations may be described below as device, system, or method implementations, such example implementations may be implemented in various devices, systems, and methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present disclosure can be achieved by referring to the following drawings. In the drawings, like components or features may have the same reference numerals. Additionally, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference numeral with a dash and a second numeral that differentiates the similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the specification, the description applies to any one of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second reference numeral.

[0017] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing details of an exemplary wireless communication system.

[0018] Figure 2 is a block diagram conceptually showing an exemplary design of a base station and a user equipment (UE).

[0019] Figure 3 is a block diagram showing an exemplary wireless communication system for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) message monitoring.

[0020] Figure 4A 、 Figure 4B 、 Figure 5A 、 Figure 5B 、 Figure 5C 、 Figure 6A and Figure 6B are diagrams conceptually showing examples of V2X message monitoring.

[0021] Figure 7 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process of UE operation for communication.

[0022] Figure 8 is a flowchart showing another exemplary process of UE operation for communication.

[0023] Figure 9 is a block diagram conceptually showing the design of a UE.

[0024] Figure 10 is a block diagram conceptually showing the design of a network entity.

[0025] Figure 11 is a block diagram conceptually showing the design of a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) entity.

[0026] Like reference numerals and names in different drawings indicate the same elements.

[0027] The appendix provides further details regarding various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the subject matter therein forms a part of the specification of this application. Detailed Description

[0028] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the disclosure may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented herein. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, any number of the aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or practice a method. Additionally, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover apparatuses or methods practiced using other structures, functions, or combinations of structures and functions in addition to or different from the aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

[0029] The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable media for monitoring one or more V2X messages. By way of example, a user equipment (UE) may dynamically adjust a V2X monitoring interval based on one or more characteristics, such as UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof. Each of the UE characteristics and environmental characteristics may be static or dynamic. For example, the UE may monitor one or more vehicle-to-everything (V2X) messages based on a first monitoring interval. Additionally, the UE may determine a second monitoring interval based on UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof, and monitor one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval. By way of example, more frequent monitoring may be required when the UE is located in an urban environment, near a road or intersection, than when the UE is located in a rural environment. As another example, a UE associated with a cyclist or micromobility unit traveling on a road or in a designated micromobility lane may be monitored more frequently than a pedestrian on a sidewalk. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may determine the V2X monitoring interval based on the motion type / status of the UE. For example, as an illustrative non-limiting example, the motion type / status may indicate whether the UE is associated with walking, jogging, cycling, or motored travel.

[0030] Certain implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure can achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some aspects, this disclosure provides a UE with a dynamic adjustment of a monitoring interval. By adjusting the monitoring interval (such as a V2X message monitoring interval), the UE can monitor one or more V2X messages and can dynamically determine an appropriate monitoring interval for real-time conditions. Thus, in a dangerous situation, the UE can monitor V2X messages frequently, while in a relatively less dangerous situation, it can monitor less frequently. By adjusting the monitoring interval (such as a V2X message monitoring interval), the UE can consume power in a manner suitable for the current situation.

[0031] This disclosure generally relates to providing or participating in authorized shared access between two or more wireless communication systems (also referred to as wireless communication networks). One or more aspects of the wireless communication networks described herein can be used in or incorporated into V2X systems. In various implementations, these techniques and apparatuses can be used in wireless communication networks such as code division multiple access (CDMA) networks, time division multiple access (TDMA) networks, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) networks, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, fifth-generation (5G) or new radio (NR) networks (sometimes referred to as “5G NR” networks / systems / devices), and other communication networks. As used herein, the terms “network” and “system” can be used interchangeably.

[0032] CDMA networks can implement wireless technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) and Low Chip Rate (LCR). CDMA2000 covers the IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards.

[0033] TDMA networks can implement radio technologies such as those of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). 3GPP has defined the standards for the GSM EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) Radio Access Network (RAN) (also known as GERAN). GERAN together with the network that joins base stations (e.g., Ater and Abis interfaces) and base station controllers (A interface, etc.) is the radio component of GSM / EDGE. The radio access network represents the component of the GSM network through which telephone calls and packet data are routed from the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and the Internet to subscriber handheld devices (also known as user terminals or user equipment (UE)), and from subscriber handheld devices to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and the Internet. The network of a mobile phone operator can include one or more GERANs, and in the case of a UMTS / GSM network, the GERAN can be coupled with the UTRAN. In addition, the operator network can include one or more LTE networks or one or more other networks. Various different network types can use different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) and Radio Access Networks (RANs).

[0034] OFDMA networks can implement radio technologies such as evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA, E-UTRA, and GSM are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). In particular, Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a UMTS version that uses E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS, and LTE are described in documents provided by an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)", and cdma2000 is described in documents provided by an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)". These different radio technologies and standards are known or are under development. For example, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a cooperation among telecommunication association groups that aims to define globally applicable third-generation (3G) mobile phone specifications. 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a 3GPP project that aims to improve the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile phone standard. 3GPP can define the specifications for next-generation mobile networks, mobile systems, and mobile devices. This disclosure may describe specific aspects with reference to LTE, 4G, 5G, or NR technologies; however, this description is not intended to be limited to a specific technology or application, and one or more aspects described with reference to one technology can be understood to be applicable to another technology. In fact, one or more aspects of this disclosure relate to shared access to the radio spectrum between networks using different radio access technologies or radio air interfaces.

[0035] The 5G network takes into account different deployments, different spectrums, and different services and devices that can be implemented using an OFDM-based unified air interface. To achieve these goals, in addition to developing new radio technologies for the 5G NR network, further enhancements to LTE and LTE-A are also considered. 5G NR will be able to scale to provide the following coverage: (1) Massive Internet of Things (IoT) with ultra-high density (such as ~1M nodes / km 2 ), ultra-low complexity (such as ~ dozens of bits / second), ultra-low energy (such as ~ battery life of more than 10 years), and deep coverage with the ability to reach challenging locations; (2) Mission-critical control including strong security for protecting sensitive personal, financial, or classified information, ultra-high reliability (such as ~ 99.9999% reliability), ultra-low latency (such as ~ 1 millisecond (ms)), and users with a wide range of mobility or lack of mobility; and (3) Enhanced mobile broadband with extremely high capacity (such as ~ 10 Tbps / km 2 ), extremely high data rates (such as multi-Gbps rates, 100+ Mbps user experience rates), and deep awareness with advanced discovery and optimization.

[0036] 5G NR devices, networks, and systems can be implemented using optimized OFDM-based waveform features. These features can include scalable numerology and transmission time interval (TTI); a general, flexible framework for efficiently multiplexing services and functions in a dynamic, low-latency time-division duplex (TDD) / frequency-division duplex (FDD) design; and advanced radio technologies such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), robust millimeter-wave (mmWave) transmission, advanced channel coding and decoding, and device-centric mobility. The scalability of numerology in 5G NR exploits the scaling of subcarrier spacing, which can efficiently address the problem of operating different services across different spectrums and different deployments. For example, in various outdoor and macro-coverage deployments with less than 3 GHz FDD / TDD implementations, the subcarrier spacing can occur at 15 kHz, for example, over bandwidths of 1, 5, 10, 20 MHz, etc. For other various outdoor and small-cell coverage deployments with more than 3 GHz TDD, the subcarrier spacing can occur at 30 kHz over 80 / 100 MHz bandwidths. For other various indoor broadband implementations using TDD in the unlicensed portion of the 5 GHz band, the subcarrier spacing can occur at 60 kHz over 160 MHz bandwidths. Finally, for various deployments transmitting millimeter-wave components with 28 GHz TDD, the subcarrier spacing can occur at 120 kHz over 500 MHz bandwidths.

[0037] The scalable parameter sets of 5G NR contribute to scalable TTIs to meet different latency and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. For example, shorter TTIs can be used for low latency and high reliability, while longer TTIs can be used for higher spectral efficiency. The efficient multiplexing of long and short TTIs allows transmissions to start at symbol boundaries. 5G NR also considers a self - contained integrated sub - frame design with uplink / downlink scheduling information, data, and acknowledgments in the same sub - frame. The self - contained integrated sub - frame supports communication in unlicensed or contention - based shared spectrum, adaptive uplink / downlink, which can be flexibly configured on a per - cell basis to dynamically switch between uplink and downlink to meet current traffic demands.

[0038] For clarity, specific aspects of the apparatus and techniques may be described below with reference to an exemplary LTE implementation or an LTE - centric approach, and LTE terminology may be used as illustrative examples in portions of the following description; however, the description is not intended to be limited to LTE applications. In fact, the present disclosure relates to shared access to the wireless spectrum between networks using different radio access technologies or radio air interfaces (such as the interface of 5G NR). Additionally or alternatively, specific aspects of the apparatus and techniques described herein (such as LTE implementations, 5G NR implementations, other wireless communication implementations, or combinations thereof) may be used for V2X communications.

[0039] Furthermore, it should be understood that in operation, a wireless communication network adapted according to the concepts herein may operate using any combination of licensed or unlicensed spectrum depending on load and availability. Thus, it will be clear to those of ordinary skill in the art that the systems, apparatus, and methods described herein can be applied to other communication systems and applications in addition to the specific examples provided.

[0040] Although various aspects are described herein with reference to examples, those skilled in the art will appreciate that additional implementations and uses can occur in a variety of different arrangements and scenarios. The innovations described herein can be implemented across a variety of different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, packaging arrangements. For example, aspects or uses can be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component-based devices such as end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial instruments, retail / purchase devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc. Although some examples may or may not be specifically targeted at use cases or applications, a wide variety of applicability of the innovations described can occur. The scope of implementations can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations and further be aggregated, distributed, or to OEM devices or systems incorporating one or more of the aspects described. In some actual settings, devices incorporating the aspects and features described may also have to include additional components and features for implementation and practice. The innovations described herein can be practiced in a variety of implementations including large / small devices, chip-level components, multi-component systems such as RF chains, communication interfaces, processors, distributed arrangements, end-user devices, etc. of different sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0041] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing details of an example wireless communication system. The wireless communication system can include a wireless network 100. The wireless network 100 can include, for example, a 5G wireless network. As those skilled in the art will understand, Figure 1 the components shown therein can have corresponding counterparts in other network arrangements including, for example, cellular network arrangements and non-cellular network arrangements such as device-to-device or peer-to-peer or ad-hoc network arrangements, etc.

[0042] Figure 1The illustrated wireless network 100 includes a plurality of base stations 105 and other network entities. A base station can be a station that communicates with a UE and can be referred to as an evolved Node B (eNB), a next-generation eNB (gNB), an access point, etc. Each base station 105 can provide communication coverage for a specific geographical area. In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to the specific geographical coverage area of a base station or the base station subsystem serving that coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. In the implementation of the wireless network 100 herein, the base stations 105 can be associated with the same operator or different operators, such as the wireless network 100 can include multiple operator wireless networks. Additionally, in the implementation of the wireless network 100 herein, the base stations 105 can use one or more of the same frequencies as adjacent cells (such as one or more frequency bands in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination thereof) to provide wireless communication. In some examples, a single base station 105 or UE 115 can be operated by more than one network operation entity. In some other examples, each base station 105 and UE 115 can be operated by a single network operation entity.

[0043] A base station can provide communication coverage for a macro cell or a small cell (such as a pico cell or a femto cell) or other types of cells. A macro cell typically covers a relatively large geographical area (such as a radius of several kilometers) and can allow unrestricted access to UEs subscribed to services from a network provider. A small cell such as a pico cell typically covers a relatively smaller geographical area and can allow unrestricted access to UEs subscribed to services from a network provider. A small cell such as a femto cell typically also covers a relatively small geographical area (such as a home) and can provide, in addition to unrestricted access, restricted access by UEs associated with the femto cell (such as UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs of users in a home, etc.). A base station for a macro cell can be referred to as a macro base station. A base station for a small cell can be referred to as a small cell base station, a pico base station, a femto base station, or a home base station. In Figure 1 the illustrated example, base stations 105d and 105e are conventional macro base stations, while base stations 105a - 105c are macro base stations that support one of three-dimensional (3D), full-dimensional (FD), or massive MIMO. Base stations 105a - 105c utilize their higher-dimensional MIMO capabilities to increase coverage and capacity using 3D beamforming in both elevation and azimuth beamforming. Base station 105f is a small cell base station, which can be a home node or a portable access point. A base station can support one or more cells, such as two cells, three cells, four cells, etc.

[0044] Wireless network 100 can support synchronous operations or asynchronous operations. For synchronous operations, base stations can have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations can be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operations, base stations can have different frame timings, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time. In some scenarios, the network can be enabled or configured to handle dynamic switching between synchronous operations and asynchronous operations.

[0045] UEs 115 are dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE can be fixed or mobile. It should be understood that although in the standards and specifications promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), mobile devices are commonly referred to as user equipment (UEs), those skilled in the art may also refer to such devices as mobile stations (MSs), subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, radio units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals (ATs), mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handheld devices, terminals, user agents, mobile clients, clients, gaming devices, augmented reality devices, vehicle component devices / modules, or some other suitable terms. In this document, a "mobile" device or UE does not necessarily need to have the ability to move and can be stationary. Some non-limiting examples of mobile devices such as those that may include one or more of the UEs 115 include mobile cellular (cell) phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, laptop computers, personal computers (PCs), notebooks, netbooks, smartbooks, tablets, and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Mobile devices can also be "Internet of Things (IoT)" or "Internet of Everything (IoE)" devices, such as cars or other transportation vehicles, satellite radios, global positioning system (GPS) devices, logistics controllers, drones, multi-rotors, quadcopters, smart energy or security devices, solar panels or solar arrays, municipal power supply, water supply, or other infrastructure; industrial automation and enterprise equipment; consumer devices and wearable devices, such as glasses, wearable cameras, smart watches, health or fitness trackers, mammalian implantable devices, posture tracking devices, medical devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, gaming consoles, etc.; and digital home or smart home devices, such as home audio, video, and multimedia devices, appliances, sensors, vending machines, smart lighting, home security systems, smart meters, etc. In one aspect, a UE can be a device that includes a universal integrated circuit card (UICC). In another aspect, a UE can be a device that does not include a UICC. In some aspects, a UE that does not include a UICC can also be referred to as an IoE device. Figure 1The UEs 115a - 115d of the illustrated embodiments are examples of mobile smart phone - type devices that access the wireless network 100. A UE can also be a machine specifically configured for communication including machine - type communication (MTC), enhanced MTC (eMTC), narrow - band IoT (NB - IoT), etc. Figure 1 The illustrated UEs 115e - 115k are examples of various machines configured for communication that access the wireless network 100.

[0046] A mobile device such as UE 115 can communicate with any type of base station, whether it is a macro base station, a pico base station, a femto base station, a relay station, or others. In Figure 1 the communication link (represented by a lightning icon) indicates the wireless transmission between the UE and the serving base station, which is designated to serve the UE on the downlink or uplink, or the desired transmission between base stations, as well as the backhaul transmission between base stations. The backhaul communication between the base stations of the wireless network 100 can be carried out using wired or wireless communication links.

[0047] In the operation of the wireless network 100, the base stations 105a - 105c use 3D beamforming and coordinated spatial techniques such as coordinated multi - point (CoMP) or multi - connection to serve UEs 115a and 115b. The macro base station 105d performs backhaul communication with the base stations 105a - 105c and the small - cell base station 105f. The macro base station 105d also transmits multicast services subscribed to and received by UEs 115c and 115d. Such multicast services can include mobile TV or streaming video, or can include other services for providing community information such as weather emergencies or alerts such as child - missing alerts (Amber alert) or patient - violence alerts (gray alert).

[0048] The wireless network 100 of the embodiment supports mission-critical communications with ultra-reliable and redundant links for mission-critical devices (such as UE 115e, which is a drone). The redundant communication links with UE 115e include links from macro base stations 105d and 105e and small cell base station 105f. Other machine type devices such as UE 115f (thermometer), UE 115g (smart meter), and UE 115h (wearable device) can communicate with base stations such as small cell base station 105f and macro base station 105e directly through the wireless network 100, or communicate in a multi-hop configuration by communicating with other user devices that relay their information to the network (such as UE 115f transmitting temperature measurement information to smart meter UE 115g and then reporting the temperature measurement information to the network through small cell base station 105f). The wireless network 100 can also provide additional network efficiency through dynamic, low-latency TDD / FDD communication, such as in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) mesh network between UEs 115i - 115k communicating with macro base station 105e. In addition, the V2V mesh network can include or correspond to a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) network between UEs 115i - 115k and one or more other devices (such as UEs 115x, 115y).

[0049] Figure 2 is a block diagram conceptually showing an example design of base station 105 and UE 115. Base station 105 and UE 115 can be Figure 1 one of the base stations and one of the UEs in. For the restricted association scenario (as described above), base station 105 can be Figure 1 small cell base station 105f in, and UE 115 can be UE 115c or 115d operating in the service area of base station 105f, which will be included in the list of accessible UEs of small cell base station 105f for accessing small cell base station 105f. In addition, base station 105 can also be some other type of base station. As Figure 2 shown, base station 105 can be equipped with antennas 234a to 234t, and UE 115 can be equipped with antennas 252a to 252r to facilitate wireless communication.

[0050] At base station 105, transmit processor 220 may receive data from data source 212 and control information from controller / processor 240. The control information may be used for Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH), Physical Hybrid ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) Indicator Channel (PHICH), Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH), Machine-Type Communication Physical Downlink Control Channel (MPDCCH), etc. The data may be used for Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), etc. Transmit processor 220 may process (such as encoding and symbol mapping) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols respectively. In addition, transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols (such as for Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS)) and cell-specific reference signals. Transmit (TX) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing on the data symbols, control symbols or reference symbols (if applicable), and may provide output symbol streams to modulators (MOD) 232a to 232t. For example, the spatial processing performed on the data symbols, control symbols or reference symbols may include precoding. Each modulator 232 may process the corresponding output symbol stream (such as for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 may additionally or alternatively process the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. For example, to process the output sample stream, each modulator 232 may convert the output sample stream to analog, amplify, filter and up-convert it to obtain a downlink signal. The downlink signals from modulators 232a to 232t may be transmitted via antennas 234a to 234t respectively.

[0051] At user equipment (UE) 115, antennas 252a to 252r may receive downlink signals from base station 105, and may provide the received signals to demodulators (DEMOD) 254a to 254r respectively. Each demodulator 254 may condition (such as filter, amplify, down-convert and digitize) the corresponding received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (such as for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. MIMO detector 256 may obtain the received symbols from demodulators 254a to 254r, perform MIMO detection (if applicable) on the received symbols, and provide the detected symbols. Receive processor 258 may process the detected symbols, provide the decoded data for UE 115 to data sink 260, and provide the decoded control information to controller / processor 280. For example, to process the detected symbols, receive processor 258 may demodulate, de-interleave and decode the detected symbols.

[0052] On the uplink, at the UE 115, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from the data source 262 (such as for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)) and control information from the controller / processor 280 (such as for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)). The transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266 (if applicable), further processed by the modulators 254a to 254r (such as for SC-FDM, etc.), and transmitted to the base station 105. At the base station 105, the uplink signal from the UE 115 may be received by the antenna 234, processed by the demodulator 232, detected by the MIMO detector 236 (if applicable), and further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain the decoded data and control information transmitted by the UE 115. The processor 238 may provide the decoded data to the data sink 239 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240.

[0053] The controller / processors 240 and 280 may direct the operations at the base station 105 and the UE 115, respectively. The controller / processor 240 and / or other processors and modules at the base station 105 and / or the controller / processor 280 and / or other processors and modules at the UE 115 may perform or direct the implementation of the various processes of the techniques described herein (such as performing or directing Figures 3 - 11 the implementation shown) or the implementation of other processes of the techniques described herein. The memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for the base station 105 and the UE 115, respectively. The scheduler 244 may schedule the UE for data transmission on the downlink or the uplink.

[0054] Wireless communication systems operated by different network operating entities (such as network operators) may share spectrum. In some cases, a network operating entity may be configured to use the entire specified shared spectrum for at least a different period of time before another network operating entity uses the entire specified shared spectrum for a period of time. Thus, to allow network operating entities to use the entire specified shared spectrum and to mitigate interfering communications between different network operating entities, for a particular type of communication, specific resources (such as time) may be partitioned and allocated to different network operating entities.

[0055] For example, specific time resources reserved for a network operation entity to use the entire shared spectrum for dedicated communication can be allocated to the network operation entity. Other time resources can also be allocated to the network operation entity, where the entity is given a higher priority than other network operation entities to use the shared spectrum for communication. If the prioritized network operation entity does not utilize the time resources prioritized for use by the network operation entity, these time resources can be utilized by other network operation entities on an opportunistic basis. Additional time resources can be allocated to any network operator for opportunistic use.

[0056] Access to the shared spectrum and arbitration of time resources among different network operation entities can be centrally controlled by a separate entity, determined autonomously by a predefined arbitration scheme, or determined dynamically based on the interaction between wireless nodes of network operators.

[0057] In some cases, UE 115 and base station 105 can operate in a shared radio spectrum band, which can include licensed or unlicensed spectrum, such as contention-based spectrum. In the unlicensed frequency portion of the shared radio spectrum band, UE 115 or base station 105 can traditionally perform a media sensing process to compete for access to the spectrum. For example, UE 115 or base station 105 can perform a listen-before-talk (LBT) process (such as a clear channel assessment (CCA)) before communication to determine whether the shared channel is available. CCA can include an energy detection process for determining whether there is any other active transmission. For example, a device can infer that a change in the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of a power meter indicates that the channel is occupied. Specifically, signal power concentrated in a specific bandwidth and exceeding a predetermined noise floor can indicate another wireless transmitter. CCA can also include the detection of a specific sequence indicating channel use. For example, another device can transmit a specific preamble before transmitting a data sequence. In some cases, the LBT process can include a wireless node adjusting its own backoff window based on the amount of energy detected on the channel as a conflict proxy and / or the acknowledgment / negative acknowledgment (ACK / NACK) feedback of its own transmitted packets.

[0058] Figure 3 is a block diagram of an example wireless communication system 300 for (V2X) message monitoring. In some examples, wireless communication system 300 can implement multiple aspects of wireless network 100. Wireless communication system 300 includes UE 115, network entity 350, and V2X entity 360. As an illustrative non-limiting example, network entity 350 can include or correspond to base station 105, a network, a network core, or other network devices. V2X entity 360 can include or correspond to reference Figure 1 andFigure 2 the described UE 115. For example, the V2X entity 360 may include or correspond to Figure 1 UEs 115i, 115j, 115k. Although one UE, one network entity, and one V2X entity are shown, in some other implementations, the wireless communication system 300 may generally include multiple UEs, may include more than one network entity, and may or may not include multiple V2X entities.

[0059] In some implementations, the wireless communication system 300 includes a V2X wireless communication system. V2X is a communication system in which information is transferred between vehicles and other entities that provide V2X services within a wireless communication network. V2X services may include services for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-network (V2N). One or more V2X standards are intended to develop or support advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that assist drivers in making critical decisions such as lane changes, gear shifts, speed increases, etc. Low latency communication may be used in V2X and is thus suitable for precise positioning. For example, assistance from V2X may be used to enhance positioning techniques such as time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), or observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) or any other cellular positioning technique.

[0060] Generally, as defined in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) TS 23.285, there are two operating modes for V2X services. One operating mode uses direct wireless communication between V2X entities when the V2X entities are within range of each other. The other operating mode uses network-based wireless communication between entities. If needed, these two operating modes may be combined, or other operating modes may be used.

[0061] The wireless communication of the V2X wireless communication system may be via the Proximity-based Services (ProSe) direct communication (PC5) reference point as defined in 3GPP TS 23.303 and may use wireless communication under the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1609, Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE), Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), and IEEE 802.11p in the 5.9 GHz ITS band, or use other wireless connections directly between entities.

[0062] The UE 115 may include various components (such as structures, hardware components) for performing one or more functions described herein. For example, these components may include one or more processors 302 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "processor 302"), one or more memory devices 304 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "memory 304"), one or more transmitters 316 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "transmitter 316"), one or more receivers 318 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "receiver 318"), one or more sensors 319 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "sensor 319"), one or more I / O 320 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "I / O 320"), and an interval adjuster 321. The processor 302 may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 304 to perform the operations described herein. In some implementations, the processor 302 includes or corresponds to one or more of the receiving processor 258, the transmitting processor 264, and the controller / processor 280, and the memory 304 includes or corresponds to the memory 282.

[0063] The memory 282 includes one or more characteristics 310 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "characteristics 310") and interval information 312. The characteristics 310 may include UE characteristics and environmental characteristics of the UE 115. Each of the UE characteristics and environmental characteristics may include static characteristics, dynamic characteristics, or a combination thereof.

[0064] UE static characteristics may include device type, mobility type, one or more device capabilities, and user input. In non-limiting examples, the device type may include or indicate whether the UE 115 is a phone, a watch, a micromobility unit, another device, or a combination thereof. As an illustrative non-limiting example, the mobility type may indicate whether the movement of the UE 115 is associated with a pedestrian, a bicycle, a scooter, a balance bike, a micromobility unit, etc. As an illustrative non-limiting example, one or more device capabilities may include or indicate the power capability of the UE 115, the communication capability of the UE 115, other capabilities, or a combination thereof. As an illustrative non-limiting example, user input may include or indicate one or more of the above UE static characteristics or other characteristics, such as a minimum monitoring interval, a maximum monitoring interval, activation of machine learning, a user-specified monitoring interval for one or more static or dynamic characteristics (for either or both of the UE characteristics or environmental characteristics), or a combination thereof.

[0065] As an illustrative and non - limiting example, UE dynamic characteristics can include location, time, motion state information, sensor information, operation information, or a combination thereof. Location can indicate the geographical location of UE 115, while time can indicate the current time or general time (e.g., morning, afternoon, peak time, etc.). Motion state information can indicate whether UE 115 is in motion. As an illustrative and non - limiting information, if UE 115 is in motion, the motion state information can indicate speed, direction, rate, acceleration, etc., or a combination thereof. Sensor information can include data from one or more sensors of UE 115. For example, the data can include temperature data, image data, audio data, ultrasonic data, infrared data, etc., or a combination thereof. Operation information can include or indicate the state of one or more components of UE 115. For example, as an illustrative and non - limiting example, operation information can indicate the power level of the battery power supply, whether the battery is charging, the temperature of UE 115, or a combination thereof.

[0066] As an illustrative and non - limiting example, environmental static characteristics can include map information, road information, trail information, terrain information, injury / accident information, other information (e.g., building information), or a combination thereof. Map information can include map data. As an illustrative and non - limiting example, road information can include information about one or more roads or intersections, such as the number of lanes, speed limits, turning lanes, sidewalks, bus lanes, traffic lights, signs, etc., or a combination thereof. Trail information can indicate the type of trail (e.g., sidewalk, shared use path for pedestrians and bicycles), the material of the trail, the presence of barriers, etc., or a combination thereof. Terrain information can include or indicate elevation data of one or more geographical locations. Injury / accident information can include historical data of injuries or accidents at one or more geographical locations (e.g., time, location, severity, weather conditions, etc.). Environmental dynamic characteristics can include traffic information, weather information, emergency information, one or more received V2X messages, or a combination thereof. Traffic information can include or indicate obstacles, road closures, traffic jams, detours, construction, etc., or a combination thereof. Weather information can indicate current or historical weather information, such as temperature, visibility, driving conditions, etc., or a combination thereof. Emergency information can include or indicate hazard information, such as police information, fire information, child missing alerts, elderly missing alerts (sliver alert), etc., or a combination thereof. As an illustrative and non - limiting example, one or more V2X messages can include or indicate traffic information, weather information, emergency information, BSM, CAM, Decentralized Notification Message (DENM), etc., or a combination thereof.

[0067] The interval information 312 may be associated with or indicate an interval for monitoring one or more V2X messages. The interval information 312 may include a monitoring duration and an interval duration. The monitoring duration may correspond to a monitoring time period and indicate the duration for monitoring one or more V2X messages. The interval duration may indicate a time period corresponding to a pair of consecutive monitoring time periods such as a first monitoring time period and a second monitoring time period. For example, the interval duration may correspond to the time period between the end of the first monitoring time period and the start of the second monitoring time period. As another example, the interval duration may correspond to the time period between the start of the first monitoring time period and the start of the second monitoring time period. In some implementations, the interval information 312 may indicate a duty cycle for monitoring V2X messages, such as a cycle of operations of monitoring V2X messages and not monitoring V2X messages. In some implementations, the duty cycle may indicate a ratio between the monitoring time and the total time, such as the percentage of time that the UE 115 monitors V2X messages when the V2X capability is activated.

[0068] The transmitter 316 is configured to send data to one or more other devices, and the receiver 318 is configured to receive data from one or more other devices. For example, the transmitter 316 may send data to the network entity 350, and the receiver 318 may receive data from the network entity 350. In some implementations, the transmitter 316 and the receiver 318 may be integrated in one or more transceivers. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 316, the receiver 318, or both may include or correspond to one or more components of the UE 115 described with reference Figure 2 to.

[0069] As an illustrative non-limiting example, the sensor 319 may include a camera, ultrasound, microphone, global positioning system, human machine interface (e.g., touch screen), etc. or a combination thereof. As an illustrative non-limiting example, the I / O 320 may include a keyboard, touch screen, additional I / O devices, or a combination thereof.

[0070] The interval adjuster 321 is configured to determine or select an interval, such as a V2X monitoring interval. For example, an interval may be selected from the interval information 312. Additionally or alternatively, the interval adjuster 321 may calculate or generate an interval and store the interval as part of the interval information 312. In some implementations, the interval adjuster 321 may determine whether to adjust the interval, and based on the determination to adjust the interval, may increase or decrease the interval. For example, the interval adjuster 321 may select, generate, or adjust an interval based on the characteristic 310. In some implementations, the interval adjuster 321 may include a machine learning capability that enables the UE 115 to determine or select an interval or interval adjustment.

[0071] The network entity 350 may include various components (such as structures, hardware components) for performing one or more functions described herein. For example, these components may include one or more processors 352 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "processor 352"), one or more memory devices 354 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "memory 354"), one or more transmitters 356 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "transmitter 356"), and one or more receivers 358 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "receiver 358"). The processor 352 may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 354 to perform the operations described herein. In some implementations, the processor 352 includes or corresponds to one or more of the receiving processor 238, the transmitting processor 220, and the controller / processor 240, and the memory 354 includes or corresponds to the memory 242.

[0072] The transmitter 356 is configured to send data to one or more other devices, while the receiver 358 is configured to receive data from one or more other devices. For example, the transmitter 356 may send data to the UE 115, while the receiver 358 may receive data from the UE 115. In some implementations, the transmitter 356 and the receiver 358 may be integrated in one or more transceivers. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 356, the receiver 358, or both may include or correspond to one or more components of the base station 105 described with reference to Figure 2 Figure 5.

[0073] In some implementations, the network entity 350 may include or correspond to a roadside unit (RSU). The RSU may include a fixed infrastructure entity that supports V2X applications and may exchange messages with other entities that support V2X applications. The RSU may be a logical entity that combines the V2X application logic with the functions of an eNB (referred to as an eNB-type RSU) or a UE (referred to as a UE-type RSU).

[0074] The V2X entity 360 may include various components (such as structures, hardware components) for performing one or more functions described herein. For example, these components may include one or more processors 362 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "processor 362"), one or more memory devices 364 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "memory 364"), one or more transmitters 366 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "transmitter 366"), and one or more receivers 368 (collectively referred to hereinafter as "receiver 368"). The processor 302 may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 364 to perform the operations described herein. In some implementations, the processor 362 includes or corresponds to one or more of the receiving processor 258, the transmitting processor 264, and the controller / processor 280, and the memory 364 includes or corresponds to the memory 282.

[0075] The transmitter 366 is configured to send data to one or more other devices, and the receiver 368 is configured to receive data from one or more other devices. For example, the transmitter 366 can send data to the V2X entity 360, and the receiver 368 can receive data from the V2X entity 360. In some implementations, the transmitter 366 and the receiver 368 can be integrated in one or more transceivers. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 366, the receiver 368, or both can include or correspond to one or more components of the UE 115 described with reference to Figure 2 one or more components of the UE 115 described in

[0076] In some implementations, the wireless communication system 300 implements a 5G New Radio (NR) network. For example, the UE 115 can include a 5G-capable UE and a 5G-capable base station, such as a UE and a base station configured to operate according to 5G NR network protocols (such as the protocols defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)).

[0077] During operation of the wireless communication system 300, the UE 115 can determine whether to activate the V2X monitoring capability. For example, the UE 115 can determine the location of the UE 115 and can determine the proximity of the UE 115 to a road. If the proximity is less than or equal to a threshold, the UE 115 can activate the V2X monitoring capability. When the V2X capability is activated, the UE 115 can determine the characteristic 310 and determine a first interval based on the characteristic 310. In some implementations, the first interval can be determined based on the movement type of the UE 115. The UE 115 can use the first interval to monitor V2X messages.

[0078] During monitoring using the first interval, the UE 115 can adjust the first interval to generate a second interval. For example, the second interval can be determined based on the movement type, one or more other characteristics, or a combination thereof. The UE 115 can use the second interval to monitor V2X messages. During monitoring using the first interval or the second interval, the UE 115 can receive a message 370 (such as a V2X message) from another device (such as the V2X entity 360).

[0079] In some implementations, UE 115 may monitor one or more V2X messages. For example, UE 115 may monitor one or more V2X messages during a first monitoring period after or before a first interval. In some implementations, when the first monitoring period is before the first interval, UE 115 may monitor one or more V2X messages during a second monitoring period after the first interval. The second monitoring period may be greater than, equal to, or less than the first monitoring period. After the second monitoring period may be before a second interval. The second interval may be longer or shorter than the first interval. UE 115 may not monitor V2X messages during the first interval, the second interval, or both. For example, the first interval and the second interval may each be associated with a non-V2X monitoring time period. In some implementations, UE 115 may select or determine the duration of the second interval during the first monitoring period, the first interval, or a combination thereof.

[0080] Accordingly, Figure 3 UE 115 configured to dynamically adjust a monitoring interval is described. By adjusting the monitoring interval (such as a V2X message monitoring interval), UE 115 may monitor one or more V2X messages (e.g., 370), and may dynamically determine an appropriate monitoring interval for real-time conditions. Accordingly, in a dangerous situation, UE 115 may monitor V2X messages frequently, while in a relatively less dangerous situation, monitoring may be less frequent. By adjusting the monitoring interval (such as a V2X message monitoring interval), UE 115 may consume power in a manner suitable for the current situation.

[0081] Referring to Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 5A , Figure 5B , Figure 5C , Figure 6A and Figure 6B , which are diagrams conceptually illustrating examples of V2X message monitoring. For example, Figure 4A and Figure 4B illustrate a highway. As an illustrative example, the highway may correspond to a speed limit greater than or equal to 35 miles per hour. Figure 4A and Figure 4B each include one or more UE 115, one or more V2X entities, and one or more non-V2X entities.

[0082] Referring to Figure 4A, UE 115 is located on a sidewalk that is separated from or elevated relative to the road. For example, a physical barrier 410 can separate UE 115 from the road or be inserted between UE 115 and the road. The physical separation of the sidewalk enables UE 115 to increase the V2X monitoring interval. By way of example, the physical barrier 410 provides protection for UE 115 from vehicles. UE 115 can determine that the device is on a dedicated path or that there is a physical barrier 410 via map data or sensor data. Therefore, UE 115 can determine that UE 115 is in a relatively safe and hazard-free location. UE 115 can increase the V2X monitoring interval.

[0083] Reference Figure 4B , UE 115 is located on a sidewalk that is not separated from or elevated relative to the road. For example, no physical barrier can separate or be inserted between UE 115 and the road. UE 115 can determine that the device is on a path that is not a dedicated path and that there is no physical barrier 410 via map data or sensor data. The lack of physical separation between UE 115 and the road can cause UE 115 to reduce the V2X monitoring interval. Therefore, compared to Figure 4B the UE 115 of Figure 4A , the UE 115 of

[0084] Reference Figure 5A , Figure 5B , Figure 5C , Figure 5A and Figure 5B show a low-speed road, while Figure 5C shows a rural road. The low-speed road can be associated with a speed limit of less than or equal to 35 miles per hour. Reference Figure 5A , Figure 5B , Figure 5C , UE 115 can determine the V2X monitoring interval based on sensors, map information, received V2X messages, or a combination thereof.

[0085] Reference Figure 5A , UE 115 corresponds to a pedestrian. Based on the low-speed road and the associated speed limit, a pedestrian can have a relatively fast reaction time - for example, a pedestrian can quickly stop, change direction, or change speed. In some implementations, UE 115 can determine that the movement type of UE 115 corresponds to walking, jogging, or running. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115 can determine that UE 115 is on a sidewalk adjacent to the road based on map information, location data, sensor data, or a combination thereof. Based on the road, movement type, map information, location data, sensor data, or a combination thereof, UE 115 can increase the V2X monitoring interval to monitor V2X messages less frequently.

[0086] Reference Figure 5B , UE 115 corresponds to a bicycle. Based on the bicycle and its speed, the reaction time can be relatively slow - for example, the user may not be able to stop quickly, change direction, or change speed. In some implementations, UE 115 can determine that the movement type of UE 115 corresponds to cycling. Additionally or alternatively, UE 115 can determine that UE 115 is on a road based on map information, location data, sensor data, or a combination thereof. Based on the road, movement type, map information, location data, sensor data, or a combination thereof, compared to Figure 5A the UE 115, UE 115 can reduce the V2X monitoring interval and monitor V2X messages more frequently.

[0087] Reference Figure 5C , UE 115 corresponds to a bicycle. Additionally, UE 115 can determine the location of UE 115. For example, compared to an urban road or a suburban road, UE 115 can determine that the UE is on a rural road. Based on the road, movement type, map information, location data, sensor data, or a combination thereof, UE 115 can increase the V2X monitoring interval to monitor V2X messages less frequently. Additionally, based on receiving one or more V2X messages, UE 115 can determine the presence of vehicle traffic and can reduce the V2X monitoring interval to monitor V2X messages more frequently. In some implementations, UE 115 can determine whether a vehicle is approaching based on one or more V2X messages, and based on determining that a vehicle is approaching, can reduce the V2X monitoring interval.

[0088] Reference Figure 6A and Figure 6B , Figure 6A and Figure 6B show intersections. In Figure 6A , compared with Figure 6B , Figure 6A shows an intersection during heavy traffic at a first time (e.g., peak time), while Figure 6B shows an intersection during light traffic at a second time (e.g., off-peak time). In each of Figure 6A and Figure 6B , due to the hazards associated with the intersection, UE 115 can determine to reduce the V2X monitoring interval to monitor V2X messages more frequently. However, compared with Figure 6B , referring to Figure 6A , UE 115 can determine to monitor more frequently based on the time of day, traffic volume, or a combination thereof.

[0089] Reference Figure 7 and Figure 8, which shows flowcharts respectively illustrating example processes 700, 800 for communication performed by a UE. For example, according to some aspects of the present disclosure, the example blocks of processes 700, 800 may cause the UE to monitor V2X messages. Example blocks will also be described for the UE 115 as shown in Figure 9 shown. Figure 9 is a block diagram conceptually showing the design of a UE. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the UE may be configured to perform one or more operations for monitoring V2X messages. UE 115 includes the structure, hardware, and components shown for the Figure 2 or Figure 3 UE 115. For example, UE 115 includes a controller / processor 280 that operates to execute logic or computer instructions stored in a memory 282 and controls the components of UE 115 that provide the features and functions of UE 115. UE 115 transmits and receives signals via wireless radios 901a-r and antennas 252a-r under the control of the controller / processor 280. The wireless radios 901a-r include various components and hardware, as shown in Figure 2 for UE 115, including modulators / demodulators 254a-254r, MIMO detectors 256, receive processors 258, transmit processors 264, and TX MIMO processors 266. UE 115 also includes one or more sensors 919 and one or more I / O devices 920. One or more sensors 919 and one or more I / O devices may include or correspond to sensors 319 and I / O 320.

[0090] As shown, the memory 282 may include one or more characteristics 902, interval information 903, and interval adjustment logic 904. One or more characteristics 902 and interval information 903 may include or correspond to characteristics 310 and interval information 312, respectively. The interval adjustment logic 904 may include or correspond to an interval adjuster 321. UE 115 may receive signals from or send signals to one or more network entities (such as another UE 115, a base station 105, Figure 3 network entity 350, a core network, core network devices, network entities as shown in Figure 10 , Figure 3 V2X entity 360 as shown in Figure 11 or V2X entities as shown in

[0091] Refer to Figure 7, shows a flowchart of an example process 700 that illustrates UE operations for communication. In some implementations, process 700 may be performed by UE 115. In some other implementations, process 700 may be performed by a device configured for wireless communication. For example, the device may include at least one processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The processor may be configured to perform the operations of process 700. In some other implementations, process 700 may be executed or implemented using a non-transitory computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon. The program code may be program code executable by a computer to cause the computer to perform the operations of process 700.

[0092] As shown in block 702, the UE determines the type of movement of the UE. The type of movement may include or correspond to the interval information 312. For example, the type of movement may indicate the type of movement associated with the UE, such as walking, jogging, running, cycling, skating, rolling, driving, riding in a vehicle, micromobility ride, etc. In some implementations, the type of movement may correspond to the movement of the user of the UE.

[0093] In block 704, the UE determines the location of the UE. For example, the UE may use a sensor such as the UE's GPS to determine the location. As another example, the UE may determine the location based on location data received from another device (such as network entity 350 or V2X entity 360).

[0094] In block 706, the UE sets an interval, such as a monitoring interval for one or more V2X messages. The interval may include or correspond to the interval information 312. In some implementations, the interval may be determined or selected based on the type of movement and the location. Additionally or alternatively, the interval may be selected based on data from the UE or from another UE (such as historical data). The historical data may correspond to a UE or another UE having a similar or same type of movement associated with the location. After setting the interval at block 706, the UE may monitor one or more V2X messages based on the interval.

[0095] At block 708, the UE determines whether a V2X message has been received. Based on the determination that no V2X message has been received, at block 710, the UE increases the interval. By way of example, if no V2X message has been received, the UE may determine that the UE can monitor V2X messages less frequently, thus saving power. After increasing the interval at block 710, the UE may monitor one or more V2X messages based on the increased interval. Additionally or alternatively, after increasing the interval at block 710, the UE may perform machine learning 712, which may improve the UE's future decisions regarding whether to increase or decrease the interval based on characteristics (e.g., 310) under various conditions. Based on the determination that a V2X message has been received, the process proceeds to block 714.

[0096] At block 714, the UE determines whether a vehicle such as a V2X entity (e.g., 360) is approaching. By way of illustrative and non-limiting example, the UE may determine whether a vehicle is approaching based on sensor data or based on one or more received V2X messages (such as location / azimuth information included in the received V2X message). Based on the determination that the vehicle is not approaching, at block 710, the UE increases the interval. By way of example, if no vehicle is approaching the UE, the UE may determine that the situation is relatively non-hazardous and the UE can monitor V2X messages less frequently, thus saving power. Alternatively, based on the determination that the vehicle is approaching, at block 716, the UE decreases the interval. By way of example, if a vehicle is approaching, the UE may determine that more V2X messages may be available and can monitor V2X messages more frequently. After decreasing the interval at block 716, the UE may monitor one or more V2X messages based on the decreased interval. Additionally or alternatively, after decreasing the interval at block 716, the UE may perform machine learning 712.

[0097] Accordingly, process 700 enables the UE to adjust the monitoring interval based on one or more characteristics such as UE characteristics or environmental characteristics. By adjusting the monitoring interval (such as the V2X message monitoring interval), the UE can monitor one or more V2X messages and can dynamically determine an appropriate monitoring interval for real-time conditions. Thus, in dangerous situations, the UE can monitor V2X messages frequently, while in relatively non-hazardous situations, it can monitor less frequently. By adjusting the monitoring interval (such as the V2X message monitoring interval), the UE can consume power in a manner suitable for the current situation.

[0098] Reference Figure 8, a flowchart illustrating an example procedure 800 for UE operation in communication is shown. In some implementations, procedure 800 may be performed by UE 115. In some other implementations, procedure 800 may be performed by a device configured for wireless communication. For example, the device may include at least one processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The processor may be configured to perform the operations of procedure 800. In some other implementations, procedure 800 may be executed or implemented using a non-transitory computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon. The program code may be program code executable by a computer to cause the computer to perform the operations of procedure 800.

[0099] As shown in block 802, the UE monitors one or more vehicle-to-everything (V2X) messages based on a first monitoring interval. The first monitoring interval may include or correspond to interval information 903. UE 115 may monitor one or more V2X messages using processor 280 via wireless radios 901a-r and antennas 252a-r. In some implementations, procedure 800 may further include receiving a first V2X message during the monitoring based on the first monitoring interval.

[0100] In block 804, the UE determines a second monitoring interval based on UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof. The UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof may include or correspond to one or more characteristics 902. UE 115 may execute interval adjustment logic 904 stored in memory 282 under the control of controller / processor 280. The execution environment of interval adjustment logic 904 provides the function of determining the second monitoring interval. In some implementations, determining the second monitoring interval includes adjusting the first monitoring interval.

[0101] In block 806, the UE monitors one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval. The second monitoring interval may include or correspond to interval information 903. UE 115 may monitor one or more V2X messages using processor 280 via wireless radios 901a-r and antennas 252a-r. In some implementations, the UE receives a second V2X message during the monitoring based on the second monitoring interval.

[0102] In some implementations, each of the first monitoring interval and the second monitoring interval is associated with a non-monitoring time period. The first monitoring interval is different from the second monitoring interval. The second monitoring interval is longer than the first monitoring interval. The second monitoring interval is shorter than the first monitoring interval.

[0103] In some implementations, process 800 may further include the UE determining the type of movement of the UE. As an illustrative and non-limiting example, the type of movement may include walking, jogging, running, cycling, skating, roller skating, driving, riding in a vehicle, micromobility riding, etc. In some implementations, the type of movement includes the speed of the UE, such as a specific speed, a speed range, an average speed, or a combination thereof. The UE may determine the first monitoring interval or the second monitoring interval based on the type of movement.

[0104] In some implementations, UE characteristics include static UE characteristics, dynamic UE characteristics, or a combination thereof. As an illustrative and non-limiting example, static UE characteristics may include device type, type of movement, user input, device capabilities, or a combination thereof. As an illustrative and non-limiting example, dynamic UE characteristics may include location, movement state, speed, sensor data, user input, or a combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, environmental characteristics may include static environmental characteristics, dynamic environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof. As an illustrative and non-limiting example, static environmental characteristics include map information, trail information, road information, terrain information, injury / accident information, or a combination thereof. As an illustrative and non-limiting example, dynamic environmental characteristics include traffic information, weather information, emergency information, received V2X messages, or a combination thereof.

[0105] In some implementations, process 800 includes the UE performing machine learning based on the first monitoring interval, the second monitoring interval, UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, process 800 may further include generating a hazard notification based on received V2X messages.

[0106] Thus, process 800 enables the UE to adjust the monitoring interval based on one or more characteristics, such as UE characteristics or environmental characteristics. By adjusting the monitoring interval (such as the V2X message monitoring interval), the UE can monitor one or more V2X messages and can dynamically determine an appropriate monitoring interval for real-time conditions. Thus, in a hazardous situation, the UE can monitor V2X messages frequently, while in a relatively non-hazardous situation, it can monitor less frequently. By adjusting the monitoring interval (such as the V2X message monitoring interval), the UE can consume power in a manner suitable for the current situation.

[0107] Figure 10 is a block diagram conceptually showing the design of network entity 350. As an illustrative and non-limiting example, network entity 350 may include base station 105, a network, or a core network. Network entity 350 includes a base station 105 for Figure 1 and Figure 2 of Figure 3The structure, hardware, and components shown by network entity 350 or a combination thereof. For example, network entity 350 may include a controller / processor 240 that operates to execute logic or computer instructions stored in a memory 242 and controls the components of network entity 350 that provide the features and functions of network entity 350. Network entity 350 transmits and receives signals under the control of controller / processor 240 via wireless radios 1001a-t and antennas 234a-t. The wireless radios 1001a-t include various components and hardware, such as Figure 2 shown for network entity 350 (such as base station 105) in

[0108] As shown, memory 242 may include message generation logic 1002 and transmission logic 1003. Network entity 350 may receive signals from or transmit signals to one or more UEs (such as Figures 1 - 3 UE 115) and one or more V2X entities (such as Figures 1 - 3 V2X entity 360).

[0109] Figure 11 is a block diagram conceptually showing the design of V2X entity 360. V2X entity 360 includes the structure, hardware, and components shown for Figure 1 and Figure 2 UE 105, Figure 3 the structure, hardware, and components shown by V2X entity 360 or a combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, for example, V2X entity 360 may be a fixed entity (such as a roadside unit), but alternatively may be a non-fixed entity (such as a UE carried by a vehicle or pedestrian). V2X entity 360 includes the structure, hardware, and components shown for Figure 2 or Figure 3 UE 115. For example, V2X entity 360 includes a controller / processor 280 that operates to execute logic or computer instructions stored in a memory 282 and controls the components of V2X entity 360 that provide the features and functions of V2X entity 360. V2X entity 360 transmits and receives signals under the control of controller / processor 280 via wireless radios 1101a-r and antennas 252a-r. The wireless radios 1101a-r include various components and hardware, such as Figure 2 shown for V2X entity 360 in

[0110] As shown in the figure, the memory 282 may include V2X message generation logic 1102 and transmission logic 1103. The V2X entity 360 may receive signals from or send signals to one or more network entities (such as the base station 105, Figure 3 network entity 350, core network, core network device, such as Figure 10 the network entity shown, or Figures 1 - 3 , Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 5A , Figure 5B , Figure 5C , Figure 6, Figure 7 , Figure 9 one or more UEs 115) as shown).

[0111] Note that one or more boxes (or operations) described with reference to Figure 7 or Figure 8 may be combined with one or more boxes (or operations) of another figure. For example, Figure 7 one or more boxes (or operations) may be combined with Figure 8 one or more boxes (or operations). As another example, Figure 7 or Figure 8 one or more boxes may be combined with Figure 2 or Figure 3 one or more boxes (or operations) of another figure. Additionally or alternatively, one or more operations described above with reference to Figures 1 - 7 may be combined with one or more operations described with reference to Figures 9 - 11 in one or more figures.

[0112] In some aspects, the techniques for implementing V2X message monitoring may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of the aspects described below, or in combination with one or more other processes or devices described elsewhere herein. In a first aspect, implementing V2X message monitoring may include a device monitoring one or more vehicle-to-everything (V2X) messages based on a first monitoring interval; determining a second monitoring interval based on UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof; and monitoring one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval. In some examples, the techniques in the first aspect may be implemented in a method or process. In some other examples, the techniques of the first aspect may be implemented in a wireless communication device such as a UE. In some examples, the wireless communication device may include at least one processing unit or system (which may include an application processor, a modem, or other components) and at least one memory device coupled to the processing unit. The processing unit may be configured to perform the operations described herein for the wireless communication device. In some examples, the memory device includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium having program code stored thereon, which when executed by the processing unit is configured to cause the wireless communication device to perform the operations described herein.

[0113] In a second aspect, in combination with the first aspect, the device further determines the type of movement of the device.

[0114] In a third aspect, in combination with the second aspect, the type of movement includes walking, jogging, running, cycling, skating, roller skating, driving, riding in a vehicle, or micromobility riding.

[0115] In a fourth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the type of movement includes the speed of the device.

[0116] In a fifth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the device further determines the first monitoring interval or the second monitoring interval based on the type of movement.

[0117] In a sixth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the UE characteristics include static UE characteristics, dynamic UE characteristics, or a combination thereof.

[0118] In a seventh aspect, in combination with the sixth aspect, the static UE characteristics include device type, type of movement, user input, device capabilities, or a combination thereof.

[0119] In an eighth aspect, in combination with one or more of the sixth to seventh aspects, the dynamic UE characteristics include location, movement state, speed, sensor data, user input, or a combination thereof.

[0120] In a ninth aspect, in combination with one or more of the sixth to eighth aspects, the environmental characteristics include static environmental characteristics, dynamic environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof.

[0121] In a tenth aspect, in combination with the ninth aspect, the static environment characteristics include map information, trail information, road information, terrain information, injury / accident information, or a combination thereof.

[0122] In an eleventh aspect, in combination with one or more of the ninth to tenth aspects, the dynamic environment characteristics include traffic information, weather information, emergency information, one or more received V2X messages, or a combination thereof.

[0123] In a twelfth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to eleventh aspects, each of the first monitoring interval and the second monitoring interval is associated with a non-monitoring time period.

[0124] In a thirteenth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, the second monitoring interval is longer than the first monitoring interval.

[0125] In a fourteenth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to twelfth aspects, the second monitoring interval is shorter than the first monitoring interval.

[0126] In a fifteenth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to fourteenth aspects, the device adjusts the first monitoring interval in order to determine the second monitoring interval.

[0127] In a sixteenth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to fifteenth aspects, the device also receives a first V2X message during a monitoring period based on the first monitoring interval.

[0128] In a seventeenth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to sixteenth aspects, the device also receives a second V2X message during a monitoring period based on the second monitoring interval.

[0129] In an eighteenth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to seventeenth aspects, the device also performs machine learning based on the first monitoring interval, the second monitoring interval, UE characteristics, environment characteristics, or a combination thereof.

[0130] In a nineteenth aspect, in combination with one or more of the first to eighteenth aspects, the device also generates a hazard notification based on the received V2X messages.

[0131] Those skilled in the art will understand that any of a variety of different terms and techniques can be used to represent information and signals. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0132] This article refers to Figures 1 - 3 、Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 5A , Figure 5B , Figure 6A , Figure 6B and Figures 7 - 11 The components, functional blocks, and modules described, including processors, electronic devices, hardware devices, electronic components, logic circuits, memories, software code, firmware code, etc., or any combination thereof. Additionally, the features discussed herein can be implemented via dedicated processor circuitry, via executable instructions, or a combination thereof.

[0133] Those skilled in the art will further understand that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic steps described in connection with the disclosure herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, a general description has been given above in terms of the functionality of the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will also readily recognize that the order or combination of the components, methods, or interactions described herein are merely examples, and the components, methods, or interactions of the various aspects of the present disclosure may be combined or performed in a different manner than shown and described herein.

[0134] The various exemplary logics, logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic processes described in connection with the implementations disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. A general description of the interchangeability of hardware and software has been given in terms of functionality, and it has been illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes above. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0135] Hardware and data processing apparatuses for implementing the various illustrative logics, logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the various aspects disclosed herein can be implemented or performed with a general - purpose single - chip or multi - chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application - specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field - programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general - purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, controller, micro - controller, or state machine. In some implementations, the processor can be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, the combination of one or more microprocessors and a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some implementations, specific processes and methods can be performed by circuits specific to a given function.

[0136] In one or more aspects, the described functionality can be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuits, computer software, firmware (including the structures disclosed in this specification and structural equivalents thereof or any combination thereof). Implementations of the subject matter described in this specification can also be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer storage medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data processing apparatus.

[0137] If implemented in software, the functions can be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or code on a computer - readable medium. The processes of the methods or algorithms disclosed herein can be implemented in a processor - executable software module, which can reside on a computer - readable medium. Computer - readable media includes computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program from one place to another. Storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer - readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD - ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Additionally, any connection can be properly termed a computer - readable medium. As used herein, disk and optical disks include compact disk (CD), laser disk, optical disk, digital versatile disk (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu - ray disk, where disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while optical disks reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer - readable media. Further, operations of a method or algorithm can reside as one or any combination of code and instruction sets on a machine - readable medium and a computer - readable medium, which can be incorporated into a computer program product.

[0138] Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to some other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the disclosure, the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0139] In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily understand that the terms "upper" and "lower" are sometimes used for convenience in describing the figures and indicate relative positions corresponding to the orientation of the figures on a correctly oriented page, and may not reflect the correct orientation of any device implemented.

[0140] The specific features described in the context of separate implementations in this specification can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, the various features described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented separately in multiple implementations or in any suitable sub-combination. In addition, although the features may be described above as acting in a particular combination and even initially claimed as such, one or more characteristics from the claimed combination can in some cases be deleted from the combination, and the claimed combination can be directed to a sub-combination or a variation of the sub-combination.

[0141] Similarly, although the operations are described in a particular order in the figures, this should not be understood as requiring that the operations be performed in the particular order shown or sequentially, or that all of the operations shown be performed to obtain the desired result. In addition, the figures may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of a flowchart. However, other operations not shown can be incorporated into the example processes schematically shown. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously with, or between any of the operations shown. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. In addition, the separation of the various system components in the above implementations should not be understood as required in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. In addition, some other implementations are also within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still obtain the desired result.

[0142] As used herein (including in the claims), when used in a list of two or more items, the term "or" means that any one of the listed items can be taken alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be taken. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, or C, the composition can contain only A; only B; only C; a combination of A and B; a combination of A and C; a combination of B and C; or a combination of A, B, and C. Additionally, as used herein (including in the claims), "or" used in a list of items that ends with "at least one of..." indicates a disjunctive list, such that for example a list of "at least one of A, B, or C" means any one of A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) or any combination thereof. The term "substantially" is defined as largely but not necessarily completely what is specified (and includes what is specified; for example, substantially 90 degrees includes 90 degrees, and substantially parallel includes parallel), as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In any of the disclosed implementations, the term "substantially" can be replaced by "within [a percentage] of what is specified", where the percentage includes.1%, 1.5%, or 10%.

[0143] The foregoing description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication performed at a user equipment (UE), comprising: monitoring one or more vehicle-to-everything (V2X) messages based on a first monitoring interval; determining a second monitoring interval based on the first monitoring interval, UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof; monitoring the one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval; determining a movement type and road information of the UE; and determining the first monitoring interval or the second monitoring interval based on the movement type and the road information, wherein determining the movement type further includes determining a speed of the UE, and determining the road information includes determining a speed limit associated with the road.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The movement type includes walking, jogging, running, cycling, skating, roller skating, driving, riding in a vehicle, or micromobility riding.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The UE characteristics include static UE characteristics, dynamic UE characteristics, or a combination thereof.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The static UE characteristics include device type, movement type, user input, device capabilities, or a combination thereof.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The dynamic UE characteristics include location, movement state, speed, sensor data, user input, or a combination thereof.

6. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The environmental characteristics include static environmental characteristics, dynamic environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein The static environmental characteristics include map information, trail information, road information, terrain information, injury / accident information, or a combination thereof.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein The dynamic environmental characteristics include traffic information, weather information, emergency information, one or more received V2X messages, or a combination thereof.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein: each of the first monitoring interval and the second monitoring interval is associated with a non-monitoring time period; and the second monitoring interval is longer than or shorter than the first monitoring interval.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein Determining the second monitoring interval includes adjusting the first monitoring interval.

11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising receiving a first V2X message during monitoring based on the first monitoring interval.

12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising receiving a second V2X message during monitoring based on the second monitoring interval.

13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising performing machine learning based on the first monitoring interval, the second monitoring interval, the UE characteristics, the environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof.

14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising generating a hazard notification based on the received V2X messages.

15. A user equipment (UE) comprising: at least one processor; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing processor-readable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, is configured to: monitor one or more vehicle-to-everything (V2X) messages based on a first monitoring interval; determine a second monitoring interval based on the first monitoring interval, UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof; and monitor the one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval; determine a movement type and road information of the UE; and determine the first monitoring interval or the second monitoring interval based on the movement type and the road information, Wherein, determining the motion type further includes determining the speed of the UE, and determining the road information includes determining the speed limit associated with the road.

16. The UE according to claim 15, wherein the motion type includes walking, jogging, running, cycling, skating, micromobility ride.

17. The UE according to claim 15, wherein, The UE characteristics include static UE characteristics, dynamic UE characteristics, or a combination thereof.

18. The UE according to claim 17, wherein: The environmental characteristics include static environmental characteristics, dynamic environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof.

19. The UE according to claim 18, wherein: The static UE characteristics include device type, motion type, user input, device capabilities, or a combination thereof; The dynamic UE characteristics include location, motion state, speed, sensor data, user input, or a combination thereof; The static environmental characteristics include map information, trail information, road information, terrain information, injury / accident information, or a combination thereof; or The dynamic environmental characteristics include traffic information, weather information, emergency information, one or more received V2X messages, or a combination thereof.

20. The UE according to claim 15, wherein Each of the first monitoring interval and the second monitoring interval is associated with a non-monitoring time period.

21. The UE according to claim 20, wherein, The first monitoring interval is different from the second monitoring interval.

22. The UE according to claim 20, wherein, The second monitoring interval is longer than the first monitoring interval.

23. The UE according to claim 15, wherein When executed by the at least one processor, the processor-readable code is further configured to: Receive a first V2X message during monitoring based on the first monitoring interval; and Receive a second V2X message during monitoring based on the second monitoring interval.

24. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus includes: Components for monitoring one or more vehicle-to-everything V2X messages based on a first monitoring interval; Components for determining a second monitoring interval based on the first monitoring interval, device characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof; Components for monitoring the one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval; Components for determining the motion type and road information of the apparatus; And Components for determining the first monitoring interval or the second monitoring interval based on the motion type and the road information, Wherein, determining the motion type further includes determining the speed of the apparatus, and determining the road information includes determining the speed limit associated with the road.

25. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, which when executed by a processor at a user equipment UE, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations including: Monitoring one or more vehicle-to-everything V2X messages based on a first monitoring interval; Determining a second monitoring interval based on the first monitoring interval, UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof; Monitoring the one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval; Determining the motion type and road information of the UE; and Determining the first monitoring interval or the second monitoring interval based on the motion type and the road information, Wherein, determining the motion type further includes determining the speed of the UE, and determining the road information includes determining the speed limit associated with the road.

26. A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed by a processor at a user equipment (UE), cause the processor to perform operations, the operations including: Monitoring one or more vehicle-to-everything (V2X) messages based on a first monitoring interval; Determining a second monitoring interval based on the first monitoring interval, UE characteristics, environmental characteristics, or a combination thereof; Monitoring the one or more V2X messages based on the second monitoring interval; Determining a motion type and road information of the UE; and Determining the first monitoring interval or the second monitoring interval based on the motion type and the road information, wherein determining the motion type further includes determining a speed of the UE, and determining the road information includes determining a speed limit associated with the road.

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