Carbon verification service method and system based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of carbon verification business methods based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism, by constructing the carbon verification business consortium chain including regulatory unit, emission control unit and third-party verification agency, using audit access mechanism, guarantee the authority of the qualification of verification agency;Carbon emission data of emission control unit is stored using private chain, the source of data is clear, improve verification accuracy;Introduce reverse auction market mechanism, design reverse auction scheme based on ring signature, ensure the fairness of market mechanism;Establish verification service scoring mechanism, ensure carbon verification business quality, build verification report spot-check system, prevent verification agency from cheating.The carbon verification system based on blockchain designed by the application realizes the authenticity and credibility of carbon emission data and the traceability of carbon verification data;Reverse auction scheme based on ring signature uses cryptography technologies such as ring signature to ensure the fairness of market mechanism, promote the marketization of carbon verification business, and ensure the quality and efficiency of verification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blockchain technology, specifically to a carbon verification business method and system based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] Under the trend of carbon neutrality, the construction of carbon emission trading market is extremely important. In the process of carbon quota issuance, settlement and compliance of emission units, the most important basic data is their carbon emissions in the previous year. The confirmation of this basic data must follow the management of carbon verification system. Due to limitations in verification technology and related mechanisms, the current carbon verification system has prominent problems such as low credibility of emission data, easy tampering of verification data, and low quality and efficiency of verification services.

[0003] As a brand-new decentralized infrastructure and distributed computing paradigm, blockchain technology utilizes cryptography and distributed consensus protocols to achieve multi-party data maintenance, immutability, and full traceability, thus providing new solutions for carbon verification business.

[0004] However, most existing technical solutions simply involve emission control units uploading carbon emission data to smart contracts, calculating carbon emissions based on existing formulas, and generating verification reports. This approach cannot guarantee the credibility of carbon emission data. Furthermore, existing third-party verification agencies are procured through bidding. Under this model, there is often a serious mismatch between the budget of the bidding unit and the work requirements of the agency, resulting in low agency enthusiasm, low verification quality and efficiency, and even situations where the relevant units are overburdened.

[0005] Based on the above analysis, the problems and shortcomings of the existing technology are as follows:

[0006] (1) The integration of blockchain technology with carbon verification business is not perfect enough, and the credibility of the data source on the chain cannot be guaranteed. Third-party institutions are still required to verify the data.

[0007] (2) The marketization level is low due to the commissioning model of third-party verification agencies, the supply of verification services is insufficient, the quality and efficiency of verification are low, the verification work is highly dependent on the regulatory authorities, and in the long run, the relevant units are prone to excessive burdens. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a carbon verification business method and system based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism. In the case of unreliable carbon emission data, the invention entrusts third-party institutions to conduct data verification services, designs a reverse auction scheme based on ring signature, optimizes the allocation of verification resources through market mechanism, leverages the regulatory role of units and departments, takes high-quality verification services as the guide, uses competition mechanism as the means, and establishes a reasonable verification service price as the basis to improve verification efficiency and ensure verification quality.

[0009] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] A carbon verification business method based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism includes the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Construct a consortium blockchain network, which includes regulatory authorities, emission control authorities, and third-party verification agencies. Regulatory authorities conduct qualification reviews of third-party verification agencies and endorse qualified agencies for access.

[0012] Step 2: The emission control unit builds a private blockchain, and each department collects carbon emission activity data through the Internet of Things or manually enters it onto the blockchain, clarifying the data source;

[0013] Step 3: The emission control unit submits a carbon verification service request to the regulatory authority. The regulatory authority publishes an auction registration contract on the blockchain, and qualified third-party verification agencies can register and apply for bidding.

[0014] Step 4: The regulatory authority establishes a shared auction account, issues auction contracts, and a third-party verification agency conducts a reverse auction for carbon verification services. The winning bidder conducts carbon verification for the emission control unit and uploads the verification report to the blockchain.

[0015] Step 5: Emission control units score the relevant agencies on service quality, and regulatory units conduct regular spot checks on the carbon emission data and carbon verification reports of emission control units.

[0016] As a further aspect of the present invention: the carbon emission activity data in step two includes fossil fuel combustion data; CO2 emission data generated during the production process; net purchased electricity and heat data; and carbon compensation / offsetting data such as green electricity use and energy storage recovery per unit.

[0017] As a further aspect of the present invention: the conditions in step three refer to the scoring of a third-party carbon verification agency and whether it is qualified to verify the carbon industry.

[0018] As a further aspect of the present invention: the scoring of third-party carbon verification agencies is based on a formula. Calculate, E i (n) represents the evaluation score of institution i after conducting n carbon verifications;

[0019] Where, parameter P represents the most recent P rounds of verification, e i (m) represents the evaluation score of the m-th round of verification service.

[0020] As a further aspect of the present invention: the establishment of the auction shared account in step four is to prevent the disclosure of the institution's identity by the account address of the third-party verification agency.

[0021] As a further aspect of the present invention: the reverse auction method based on ring signature in step four includes the following specific steps:

[0022] S1: The regulatory authority publishes the auction contract and makes the auction information public, including the minimum bid and auction duration set according to the industry information of the emission control authority.

[0023] To prevent collusion in auctions, specific information about emission control entities will not be disclosed.

[0024] S2: Bid from third-party verification agency i i As shown below:

[0025] bid i ={H(bid) i ID), price};

[0026] Wherein, H(bid) i ID) is the bid verification document from a third-party verification agency. i The hash function mapping of ID, bid i The format of the ID is: bid i ID = {Sig(ID), TimeStamp}, where Sig(ID) is the identity information signed by the third-party verification agency using its private key, TimeStamp is the timestamp of the bid; price is the bid, and its value must not be less than the minimum bid set by the regulatory authority.

[0027] S3: The third-party verification agency i uses a one-way hash function to calculate k = H(bid). i This is the symmetric encryption function E. k symmetric key;

[0028] S4: Suppose there are n institutions with bidding qualifications, and their public key set is: PK = (pk1, pk2, ..., pkkn) i-1 ,pk i ,pk i+1 ,...,pk n Each institution possesses the public keys of the other n-1 institutions;

[0029] For each other institution, institution i generates a set of random numbers R = (r1,...,r2) i-1 ,r i+1 ,...,r n Then, use the corresponding public key to calculate the corresponding y. j =g j (r j ), where the function g j (·) is the public key pk of organization j. j Encryption functions for encryption;

[0030] S5: Mechanism i generates a random number v, and obtains the parameter y by solving the following ring equation. i :

[0031]

[0032] Then, organization i uses its own private key to calculate r. i :r i =g s -1 (y i ), here r i The calculation requires the private key of the bidding institution; institutions that are not qualified to bid cannot generate a valid ring signature.

[0033] S6: Institution i uses a shared auction account to send a bid to the auction contract. i Ring Signature sig =(PK,v,R∪r) i The auction contract first checks the validity of the ring signature; if valid, the bid is submitted. i The information will be publicly displayed on the blockchain; otherwise, the pricing information will be discarded.

[0034] S7: After the auction ends, the winner will be selected based on the following criteria: the institution with the lowest bid wins;

[0035] If multiple agencies offer the lowest price, the agency with the highest service rating wins.

[0036] If multiple agencies offer the lowest price and have the same service rating, the agency that submits the price first wins.

[0037] The winning bidder sends its bid confirmation to the auction contract. The auction contract verifies the identity of the bidding institution and the validity of the bid timestamp. If valid, the winning bidder is declared the successful bidder; otherwise, the auction fails.

[0038] As a further aspect of the present invention: the symmetric cryptographic algorithm and the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm selected in the reverse auction method are the Chinese national cryptographic SM4 algorithm and the Chinese national cryptographic SM2 algorithm, respectively, and the hash algorithm is the Chinese national cryptographic SM3 algorithm.

[0039] As a further aspect of this invention: In step five, after the regulatory authorities conduct random checks and find units and verification agencies that violate regulations, they will impose fines on the units and verification agencies and deduct the corresponding service evaluation scores from the verification agencies. If there are multiple violations, the verification agencies will be forcibly removed from the consortium blockchain.

[0040] As a further aspect of the present invention: a carbon verification business system based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism, including an access review module, a statistical scoring module, a reverse auction module, a verification service module, and a sampling inspection module;

[0041] The review and approval module is used by regulatory authorities to review the qualifications of third-party verification agencies. Agencies that pass the review will be included in the carbon verification service alliance chain.

[0042] The statistical scoring module is used to record the historical service scores of the verification agencies and to conduct statistical scoring of the corresponding verification agencies after the emission control unit specifies the scoring standards in each round.

[0043] The reverse auction module is used by the system to perform reverse auctions on the verification service. The specific scheme adopts a reverse auction scheme based on ring signature.

[0044] The verification service module is used by third-party organizations to conduct carbon verification services for emission control entities. The verification organization verifies the private chain of the enterprise's carbon emission data and uploads the report to the consortium blockchain.

[0045] The random inspection module is used by regulatory authorities to conduct regular random inspections of carbon emission data and carbon verification reports. If violations are found, the relevant units and institutions will be subject to corresponding penalties.

[0046] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0047] (1) The expected benefits and commercial value of the technical solution of this invention after transformation are as follows:

[0048] This invention can ensure the authenticity and reliability of carbon emission data and verification processes, optimize the allocation of carbon verification resources and business processes, improve the operational efficiency of carbon verification services, enhance the efficiency and quality of carbon verification services, guarantee the fairness of the verification market mechanism, lay the foundation for the healthy operation of the carbon trading market, promote the standardized and sound development of the national carbon trading market, and help achieve the dual carbon goals as soon as possible.

[0049] (2) The technical solution of the present invention solves a technical problem that people have long wanted to solve but have never been able to solve successfully:

[0050] This invention addresses the challenges of unreliable data and low service quality in carbon verification by utilizing blockchain technology and market-based third-party verification mechanisms. The proposed reverse auction scheme based on ring signatures ensures the fairness of the market-based verification service. Attached Figure Description

[0051] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the carbon verification method provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the reverse auction scheme based on ring signature provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental results of the reverse auction scheme provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this invention is a carbon verification business method based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism, including the following steps:

[0057] S101: Construct a consortium blockchain network, which includes regulatory authorities, emission control authorities, and third-party verification agencies;

[0058] Among these measures, regulatory authorities conduct qualification reviews of third-party verification agencies and endorse qualified agencies for entry.

[0059] S102: Emission control units build private blockchains, and various departments collect carbon emission activity data through the Internet of Things or manually enter it onto the blockchain, clearly defining the data source;

[0060] S103: Emission control entities submit carbon verification service requests to regulatory authorities, who then publish auction registration contracts on the blockchain. Qualified third-party verification agencies can register and apply for bidding.

[0061] S104: Regulatory authorities establish shared auction accounts, issue auction contracts, and third-party verification agencies conduct reverse auctions for carbon verification services. The winning bidders conduct carbon verification for emission control units and upload the verification reports to the blockchain.

[0062] S105: Emission control authorities score relevant agencies on service quality, and regulatory authorities conduct regular spot checks on carbon emission data and carbon verification reports.

[0063] In S102, carbon emission activity data includes fossil fuel combustion data; CO2 emission data generated during production processes; net purchased electricity and heat data; and carbon compensation / offsetting data such as green electricity use and energy storage recovery per unit.

[0064] The conditions in S103 refer to the rating of carbon verification agencies and their eligibility to verify the industry. i(n) represents the evaluation score of institution i after conducting n carbon verifications, which is calculated from historical service scores. The calculation formula is as follows: Where parameter P represents the most recent P rounds of verification, and the specific parameters are specified by the unit being verified. i (m) represents the evaluation score of the service in the m-th round of verification. The calculation method is based on the fact that the impact of incorrect service scores on the total evaluation score will gradually decrease over time.

[0065] The purpose of establishing a shared auction account in S104 is to prevent the verification agency's account address from revealing the agency's identity.

[0066] The reverse auction scheme uses a ring signature-based reverse auction scheme. In this embodiment, the selected symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms are the Chinese national standard SM4 algorithm and SM2 algorithm, respectively, and the hash algorithm is the Chinese national standard SM3 algorithm. The specific steps are as follows:

[0067] S1: The regulatory authority publishes the auction contract and makes the auction information public, including the minimum bid and auction duration set according to the industry information of the emission control authority.

[0068] To prevent collusion in auctions, specific information about emission control entities will not be disclosed.

[0069] S2: Bid from third-party verification agency i i As shown below:

[0070] bid i ={H(bid) i ID), price};

[0071] Wherein, H(bid) i ID) is the bid verification document from a third-party verification agency. i The hash function mapping of ID, bid i The format of the ID is: bid i ID = {Sig(ID), TimeStamp}, where Sig(ID) is the identity information signed by the third-party verification agency using its private key, TimeStamp is the timestamp of the bid; price is the bid, and its value must not be less than the minimum bid set by the regulatory authority.

[0072] S3: The third-party verification agency i uses a one-way hash function to calculate k = H(bid). i This is the symmetric encryption function E. k symmetric key;

[0073] S4: Suppose there are n institutions with bidding qualifications, and their public key set is: PK = (pk1, pk2, ..., pkkn) i-1 ,pki ,pk i+1 ,...,pk n Each institution possesses the public keys of the other n-1 institutions;

[0074] For each other institution, institution i generates a set of random numbers R = (r1,...,r2) i-1 ,r i+1 ,...,r n Then, use the corresponding public key to calculate the corresponding y. j =g j (r j ), where the function g j (·) is the public key pk of organization j. j Encryption functions for encryption;

[0075] S5: Mechanism i generates a random number v, and obtains the parameter y by solving the following ring equation. i :

[0076]

[0077] Then, organization i uses its own private key to calculate r. i :r i =g s -1 (y i ), here r i The calculation requires the private key of the bidding institution, so institutions that are not qualified to bid cannot generate a valid ring signature;

[0078] S6: Institution i uses a shared auction account to send a bid to the auction contract. i Ring Signature sig =(PK,v,R∪r) i The auction contract first checks the validity of the ring signature; if valid, the bid is submitted. i The information will be publicly displayed on the blockchain; otherwise, the pricing information will be discarded.

[0079] S7: After the auction ends, the winner will be selected based on the following criteria: the institution with the lowest bid wins;

[0080] If multiple agencies offer the lowest price, the agency with the highest service rating wins.

[0081] If multiple agencies offer the lowest price and have the same service rating, the agency that submits the price first wins.

[0082] The winning bidder sends its bid confirmation to the auction contract. The auction contract verifies the identity of the bidding institution and the validity of the bid timestamp. If valid, the winning bidder is declared the successful bidder; otherwise, the auction fails.

[0083] In S105, if the regulatory authority finds any non-compliant entities or verification agencies during random checks, it will impose fines on the entities and verification agencies and deduct corresponding service evaluation points from the verification agencies. If there are multiple violations, the verification agencies will be forcibly removed from the consortium blockchain.

[0084] A carbon verification business system based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism includes an approval and access module, a statistical scoring module, a reverse auction module, a verification service module, and a sampling inspection module;

[0085] The review and approval module is used by regulatory authorities to review the qualifications of third-party verification agencies. Agencies that pass the review will be included in the carbon verification service alliance chain.

[0086] The statistical scoring module is used to record the historical service scores of the verification agencies and to conduct statistical scoring of the corresponding verification agencies after the emission control unit specifies the scoring standards in each round.

[0087] The reverse auction module is used by the system to perform reverse auctions on the verification service. The specific scheme adopts a reverse auction scheme based on ring signature.

[0088] The verification service module is used by third-party organizations to conduct carbon verification services for emission control entities. The verification organization verifies the private chain of the enterprise's carbon emission data and uploads the report to the consortium blockchain.

[0089] The random inspection module is used by regulatory authorities to conduct regular random inspections of carbon emission data and carbon verification reports. If violations are found, the relevant units and institutions will be subject to corresponding penalties.

[0090] In a specific application embodiment, to demonstrate the inventiveness and technical value of the technical solution of the present invention, this section describes application embodiments of the technical solution of the claims on specific products or related technologies.

[0091] A scheme was designed for the reverse auction mechanism in this invention. This scheme improves the quality of carbon verification services through a registration-based bidding mechanism and utilizes cryptographic techniques such as ring signatures to conceal the identity of the verification agency, thus ensuring the fairness of the reverse auction. Testing has shown that the designed scheme is effective and can achieve the goal of ensuring market fairness.

[0092] The embodiments of the present invention have achieved some positive results during the research and development or use process, and indeed have great advantages compared with the prior art. The following content describes them in conjunction with the data, charts and other information from the experimental process:

[0093] To test the effectiveness of the reverse auction scheme, the experiment involved 10 institutions, including one that colluded with the emissions control authority. The auction process consisted of 10 rounds of bidding. In each round, institutions could choose to bid or not, and those bidding randomly lowered their bids. The experiment used a gradient of 50, with 100 to 500 auctions conducted, and the proportion of successful bids by the colluding institution was recorded. The experimental results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the proportion of successful bids by colluding organizations did not exceed the theoretical value of 0.1, proving the effectiveness of the scheme.

[0094] It should be noted that embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. The hardware portion can be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portion can be stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or dedicated-design hardware. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described devices and methods can be implemented using computer-executable instructions and / or included in processor control code, for example, such code provided on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD, or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as read-only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The devices and modules of the present invention can be implemented by hardware circuitry such as very large-scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field-programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., or by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of the above-described hardware circuitry and software, such as firmware.

[0095] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A carbon verification business method based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct a consortium blockchain network, which includes regulatory authorities, emission control authorities, and third-party verification agencies. Regulatory authorities conduct qualification reviews of third-party verification agencies and endorse qualified agencies for entry. Step 2: The emission control unit builds a private blockchain, and each department collects carbon emission activity data through the Internet of Things or manually enters it onto the blockchain, clarifying the data source; Step 3: The emission control unit submits a carbon verification service request to the regulatory authority. The regulatory authority publishes an auction registration contract on the blockchain, and qualified third-party verification agencies can register and apply for bidding. Step 4: The regulatory authority establishes a shared auction account, issues auction contracts, and a third-party verification agency conducts a reverse auction for carbon verification services. The winning bidder conducts carbon verification for the emission control unit and uploads the verification report to the blockchain. Step 5: Emission control units score the relevant agencies on service quality, and regulatory units conduct regular spot checks on the carbon emission data and carbon verification reports of emission control units; The scoring by third-party carbon verification agencies is based on a formula. calculate, Indicating the organization In progress Evaluation score after carbon verification; Among them, parameters Indicates recent Round of carbon verification, Indicates the first Evaluation score for each round of carbon verification; Step four involves a reverse auction based on ring signatures. The specific steps are as follows: S1: The regulatory authority publishes the auction contract and makes the auction information public, including the minimum bid and auction duration set according to the industry information of the emission control authority. To prevent collusion in auctions, specific information about emission control entities will not be disclosed. S2: Third-party verification agency Quotation As shown below: ； in, It is a bid verification certificate from a third-party verification agency. Hash function mapping, The format is: ,in It is the identity information signed by a third-party verification agency using its private key. This is the timestamp for the quote; The value of this bid must not be less than the minimum bid set by the regulatory authority; S3: Third-party verification agency Calculate using a one-way hash function This is a symmetric encryption function. symmetric key; S4: Assume there are a total of [number] people with bidding qualifications. The public key set of the following organizations is: Each institution owns the rest Public keys of individual institutions; mechanism Generate a set of random numbers for each of the other institutions. Then use the corresponding public key to calculate the corresponding , where the function Is the user organization Public Key Encryption functions for encryption; S5: Institution Generate random numbers The parameters are obtained by solving the following ring equations. : Then, the organization Calculate using your own private key : , here The calculation requires the private key of the bidding institution; institutions that are not qualified to bid cannot generate a valid ring signature. S6: Organization Use a shared auction account to send bids to the auction contract. With ring signature The auction contract first checks the validity of the ring signature; if valid, the bid is then submitted. The information will be publicly displayed on the blockchain; otherwise, the pricing information will be discarded. S7: After the auction ends, the winner will be selected based on the following criteria: the institution with the lowest bid wins; If multiple agencies offer the lowest price, the agency with the highest service rating wins. If multiple agencies offer the lowest price and have the same service rating, the agency that submits the price first wins. The winning bidder sends its bid confirmation to the auction contract. The auction contract verifies the identity of the bidding institution and the validity of the bid timestamp. If valid, the winning bidder is declared the successful bidder; otherwise, the auction fails.

2. The carbon verification business method based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission activity data in Step 2 includes data on fossil fuel combustion; CO2 emissions from the production process; net purchased electricity and heat consumption; and carbon compensation or offset data for green electricity use and energy storage recovery per unit.

3. The carbon verification business method based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditions in step three refer to the scoring by a third-party carbon verification agency and whether it is qualified to verify the carbon industry.

4. A carbon verification business method based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The purpose of establishing an auction-shared account in step four is to prevent the disclosure of the organization's identity by the account address of a third-party verification agency.

5. A carbon verification business method based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The symmetric cryptography algorithm and asymmetric cryptography algorithm selected in the reverse auction method are the Chinese national cryptographic SM4 algorithm and the Chinese national cryptographic SM2 algorithm, respectively, and the hash algorithm is the Chinese national cryptographic SM3 algorithm.

6. A carbon verification business method based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step five, if the regulatory authorities find any units or verification agencies to be in violation during random checks, they will impose fines on the units and verification agencies and deduct the corresponding service evaluation scores from the verification agencies. If there are multiple violations, the verification agencies will be forcibly removed from the consortium blockchain.

7. A business system using the carbon verification business method based on blockchain and reverse auction mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes an access review module, a statistical scoring module, a reverse auction module, a verification service module, and a sampling inspection module; The review and approval module is used by regulatory authorities to review the qualifications of third-party verification agencies. Agencies that pass the review will be included in the carbon verification service alliance chain. The statistical scoring module is used to record the historical service scores of the verification agencies and to conduct statistical scoring of the corresponding verification agencies after the emission control unit formulates the scoring standards. The reverse auction module is used by the system to perform reverse auctions on the verification service. The specific scheme adopts a reverse auction scheme based on ring signature. The verification service module is used by third-party organizations to conduct carbon verification services for emission control entities. The verification organization verifies the private chain of the enterprise's carbon emission data and uploads the report to the consortium blockchain. The random inspection module is used by regulatory authorities to conduct regular random inspections of carbon emission data and carbon verification reports. If violations are found, the relevant units and institutions will be subject to corresponding penalties.

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