Box structure, thermal management system and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a box structure, a thermal management system and a vehicle. The box structure comprises an outer box, the outer box has an expansion cavity; a partition plate is located in the expansion cavity, the partition plate is connected with the outer box to separate the expansion cavity into a first separated cavity and a second separated cavity; at least part of the first separated cavity is located above the second separated cavity; a water inlet hole is arranged on the partition plate, the first separated cavity and the second separated cavity are communicated through the water inlet hole; and a degassing pipe is arranged on the outer box, the degassing pipe is communicated with the first separated cavity, and the degassing pipe is used for communicating a cooling pipeline to introduce fluid in the cooling pipeline into the first separated cavity. The box structure of the application solves the problem of low separation efficiency of gas and liquid in the expansion tank of the vehicle in the prior art.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of vehicles, in particular to a tank structure, a thermal management system and a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the gradual maturity of battery technology, more motor drive technology is applied to electric vehicles. The expansion tank is mainly used to accommodate and compensate the expansion and contraction of water in the system, and is also used as a water supply for the system. It is an essential safety functional element in the vehicle refrigeration system.

[0003] When the motor is running at high speed for a long time, the battery pack will generate a lot of heat, and water vapor is easily formed in the cooling system. These gases will enter the circulation along with the cooling liquid through the pipe joint. If the gases are not removed in time, air resistance will occur, which will reduce the cooling capacity of the system. When the cooling water is close to the boiling point, the water pump output will also decrease. In order to remove the water vapor that may exist in the system in time, an expansion tank needs to be added to the system.

[0004] The existing expansion tank for vehicle cooling system generally has the following problems:

[0005] The internal structure of the open expansion tank is relatively simple, and the stability of the function of the tank in the system cannot be guaranteed in special cases. For example, when the vehicle is driving on a bumpy road, it will produce severe vibration, which will cause the liquid in the tank to tilt to one side, and the expansion tank will have the risk of air intake. As the use cycle of the tank increases, the probability of air erosion of the water pump will increase, and the service life of the water pump will be reduced.

[0006] The cooling liquid overflowing into the interior of the expansion tank is generally at a high temperature. When the cooling liquid in the interior of the expansion tank is less, the vaporized cooling liquid cannot be quickly condensed into a liquid state, which may cause damage to the expansion tank. At the same time, the discharge of the gaseous cooling liquid into the air will cause waste of the cooling liquid. SUMMARY

[0007] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a tank structure, a thermal management system and a vehicle to solve the problem of low separation efficiency of gases and liquids in the expansion tank of the vehicle in the prior art.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present application, a tank structure is provided, comprising: an outer tank body, the outer tank body having an expansion cavity; a partition plate, the partition plate being located in the expansion cavity, the partition plate being connected with the outer tank body to divide the expansion cavity into a first separation cavity and a second separation cavity; at least part of the first separation cavity being located above the second separation cavity; a water inlet hole being provided on the partition plate, the first separation cavity and the second separation cavity being communicated through the water inlet hole; and a degassing pipe, the degassing pipe being provided on the outer tank body, the degassing pipe being communicated with the first separation cavity, the degassing pipe being used to communicate with a cooling pipeline to introduce a fluid in the cooling pipeline into the first separation cavity.

[0009] Further, the water inlet hole is a circular through hole; and / or, the water inlet hole is a plurality of water inlet holes, and the plurality of water inlet holes are arranged at intervals.

[0010] Further, the box structure further comprises a first baffle and a second baffle arranged at intervals, the first baffle and the second baffle are located in the inflation cavity, and a partition plate is located between the first baffle and the second baffle; one end of the partition plate is connected with the first baffle, and the other end of the partition plate is connected with the second baffle, and the partition plate, the first baffle and the second baffle enclose a first separation cavity and a second separation cavity.

[0011] Further, the first baffle and the side wall of the outer box are arranged at intervals to form a first backflow cavity between the first baffle and the side wall of the outer box, the first baffle is provided with a first air passage hole, one end of the first air passage hole is communicated with the first separation cavity, and the other end of the first air passage hole is communicated with the first backflow cavity; the second baffle and the side wall of the outer box are arranged at intervals to form a second backflow cavity between the second baffle and the side wall of the outer box, the second baffle is provided with a second air passage hole, one end of the second air passage hole is communicated with the first separation cavity, and the other end of the second air passage hole is communicated with the second backflow cavity.

[0012] Further, the first air passage hole is a plurality of first air passage holes, and the plurality of first air passage holes are arranged at intervals; and / or, the second air passage hole is a plurality of second air passage holes, and the plurality of second air passage holes are arranged at intervals; and / or, the first air passage hole and the second air passage hole are both circular through holes.

[0013] Further, the first baffle is provided with a first water passage hole, one end of the first water passage hole is communicated with the second separation cavity, and the other end of the first water passage hole is communicated with the first backflow cavity; and / or, the second baffle is provided with a second water passage hole, one end of the second water passage hole is communicated with the second separation cavity, and the other end of the second water passage hole is communicated with the second backflow cavity.

[0014] Further, the box structure comprises a water supplement pipe arranged on the outer box, and the water supplement pipe is communicated with the first backflow cavity or the second backflow cavity.

[0015] Further, the box structure comprises: a liquid level sensor arranged on the outer box, the liquid level sensor being arranged on the side wall of the second separation cavity; and / or, a liquid level mirror arranged on the outer box, so as to observe the liquid level in the inflation cavity through the liquid level mirror; and / or, a pressure cover arranged on the outer box, and the pressure cover is provided with a pressure relief port communicated with the first separation cavity.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the present application, a heat management system is provided, comprising the tank structure as described above, the heat management system comprising: a cooling pipeline for transmitting cooling liquid, the cooling pipeline comprising a liquid delivery pipeline; a fluid in the liquid delivery pipeline flows through a component to be cooled; a water pump, one end of the liquid delivery pipeline is connected to a water outlet end of the water pump, and the other end of the liquid delivery pipeline is connected with a first inlet pipe connected with the gas removal pipe of the tank structure and a second inlet pipe for communicating with a heat exchanger.

[0017] Further, the cooling pipeline further comprises a liquid return pipeline, the liquid return pipeline is connected with the water supplement pipe of the tank structure, and the other end of the liquid return pipeline is connected with a water inlet end of the water pump.

[0018] According to another three aspects of the present application, a vehicle is provided, comprising a heat management system, the heat management system being the heat management system as described above.

[0019] By applying the technical solution of the present application, the tank structure can solve the problem of air suction of the expansion tank in long-term vibration of the vehicle body, and the stability of the water tank in bumpy road conditions is increased through the design of two notched baffles. The risk of cavitation of the water pump is reduced, and the service life of the water pump is prolonged; the tank structure horizontally places a water distribution baffle in the interior of the water tank, the baffle and the other two vertically placed baffles form a gas-liquid separation chamber in the middle of the water tank, the gas-liquid separation efficiency is improved, and the waste of cooling liquid is reduced; the tank structure mainly relates to the application of the expansion tank on the new energy bus, and compared with the traditional water tank, the advantages of the present application are embodied in improving the internal design, preventing damage of the water pump and the water tank caused by special conditions, and improving the circulation efficiency of the heat management system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings accompanying the specification of the present application form a part thereof, serve to provide further understanding of the present application, and together with the description of the exemplary embodiments of the present application and the explanation thereof serve to explain the present application, and do not constitute improper limitations on the present application. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 A structural schematic view of an embodiment of the tank structure according to the present application is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 A sectional view of an embodiment of the tank structure of the present application is shown;

[0023] Figure 3 An internal structural schematic view of an embodiment of the tank structure of the present application is shown;

[0024] Figure 4 A structural schematic view of the heat management system of the present application is shown.

[0025] Among them, the above drawings include the following reference signs:

[0026] 8, outer box; 81, first baffle; 810, first water passage; 811, first air passage; 84, first reflux cavity; 83, second baffle; 830, second water passage; 831, second air passage; 86, second reflux cavity; 82, partition; 820, water inlet hole; 85, first separation cavity; 87, second separation cavity; 10, cooling pipeline; 101, infusion pipeline; 1011, first inlet pipe; 1012, second inlet pipe; 102, liquid return pipeline; 1, water replenishment pipe; 2, liquid level sensor; 3, liquid level mirror; 4, degassing pipe; 5, pressure cover; 6, pressure relief port; 20, water pump; 30, heat exchanger; 50, component to be cooled. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0028] Referring to Figures 1 to 4 , the box structure of the embodiment comprises: an outer box 8, the outer box 8 has an expansion cavity; a partition 82, the partition 82 is located in the expansion cavity, and the partition 82 is connected with the outer box 8 to divide the expansion cavity into a first separation cavity 85 and a second separation cavity 87; at least part of the first separation cavity 85 is located above the second separation cavity 87; the partition 82 is provided with a water inlet hole 820, and the first separation cavity 85 and the second separation cavity 87 are communicated through the water inlet hole 820; a degassing pipe 4, the degassing pipe 4 is arranged on the outer box 8, and the degassing pipe 4 is communicated with the first separation cavity 85, and the degassing pipe 4 is used to communicate the cooling pipeline 10 to introduce the fluid in the cooling pipeline 10 into the first separation cavity 85. By arranging the water inlet hole 820 on the partition 82 inside the outer box 8, the gas-liquid separation chamber is established without affecting the internal volume. When the water tank is heated and expanded, the vaporized cooling liquid can be rapidly condensed into liquid state by adding cooling water, preventing the damage of the water tank due to thermal expansion, improving the utilization efficiency of the cooling liquid, reducing the waste of the cooling liquid, and solving the problem of low separation efficiency of the gas and liquid in the expansion water tank of the vehicle in the prior art.

[0029] In order to achieve better separation effect, referring to Figures 1 to 3 , in the box structure of the embodiment, the water inlet hole 820 is a circular through hole; and / or, the water inlet hole 820 is a plurality of water inlet holes 820, and the plurality of water inlet holes 820 are arranged at intervals.

[0030] In the box structure of the embodiment, referring to Figures 1 to 3The box structure further comprises a first baffle 81 and a second baffle 83 which are arranged at intervals, the first baffle 81 and the second baffle 83 are located in the expansion cavity, and the partition plate 82 is located between the first baffle 81 and the second baffle 83; one end of the partition plate 82 is connected with the first baffle 81, and the other end of the partition plate 82 is connected with the second baffle 83; the partition plate 82, the first baffle 81 and the second baffle 83 enclose a first separation cavity 85 and a second separation cavity 87.

[0031] With the above arrangement, the water passing hole and the air passing hole of the baffle are added, which not only ensures sufficient contact between the liquid and the water outlet hole, but also improves the efficiency of the cooling liquid vapor entering the expansion tank for storage, thereby preventing the cooling liquid from being lost due to excessive evaporation, reducing the waste of the cooling liquid, and improving the cooling effect of the cooling system.

[0032] In the box structure of the embodiment, referring to Figures 1 to 3 , the first baffle 81 and the side wall of the outer box 8 are arranged at intervals to form a first backflow cavity 84 between the first baffle 81 and the side wall of the outer box 8, the first baffle 81 is provided with a first air passing hole 811, one end of the first air passing hole 811 is in communication with the first separation cavity 85, and the other end of the first air passing hole 811 is in communication with the first backflow cavity 84; the second baffle 83 and the side wall of the outer box 8 are arranged at intervals to form a second backflow cavity 86 between the second baffle 83 and the side wall of the outer box 8, the second baffle 83 is provided with a second air passing hole 831, one end of the second air passing hole 831 is in communication with the first separation cavity 85, and the other end of the second air passing hole 831 is in communication with the second backflow cavity 86.

[0033] In order to achieve better separation effect, referring to Figures 1 to 3 , the first air passing hole 811 is a plurality of first air passing holes 811 which are arranged at intervals; and / or, the second air passing hole 831 is a plurality of second air passing holes 831 which are arranged at intervals; and / or, the first air passing hole 811 and the second air passing hole 831 are both circular through holes.

[0034] Referring to Figures 1 to 3 , in the box structure of the embodiment, the first baffle 81 is provided with a first water passing hole 810, one end of the first water passing hole 810 is in communication with the second separation cavity 87, and the other end of the first water passing hole 810 is in communication with the first backflow cavity 84; and / or, the second baffle 83 is provided with a second water passing hole 830, one end of the second water passing hole 830 is in communication with the second separation cavity 87, and the other end of the second water passing hole 830 is in communication with the second backflow cavity 86.

[0035] In the box structure of the embodiment, referring to Figures 1 to 3 , the box structure comprises a water supplement pipe 1 which is arranged on the outer box 8, and the water supplement pipe 1 is in communication with the first backflow cavity 84 or the second backflow cavity 86.

[0036] Referring to Figures 1 to 3 In the tank structure of the embodiment, the tank structure comprises: a liquid level sensor 2 arranged on the outer tank 8, the liquid level sensor 2 being arranged on the side wall of the second separation cavity 87; and / or a liquid level mirror 3 arranged on the outer tank 8, the liquid level in the expansion cavity being observed through the liquid level mirror 3; and / or a pressure cover 5 arranged on the outer tank 8, the pressure cover 5 being provided with a pressure relief port 6 communicating with the first separation cavity 85.

[0037] The tank structure of the embodiment is described as follows:

[0038] The water tank structure of the embodiment can improve the gas-liquid separation efficiency of the cooling liquid. A partition plate 82 with a water inlet hole 820 is designed on the upper portion of the outer tank. The middle hole facilitates the addition of the cooling liquid. The first baffle 81 and the second baffle 83 are arranged on the two sides inside the outer tank 8. The first air passage 811 and the second air passage 831 above the first baffle 81 and the second baffle 83 facilitate the separation of gas and liquid, and can guide the gas to the gas removal pipe 4 above the outer tank 8. When the vehicle body shakes, the first air passage 811 and the second air passage 831 above the two vertical plates can make the liquid that shakes to one side flow back to the necessary volume below through the hole on the other side, to a certain extent, blocking the risk of air suction of the water supply pipe 1. The first water passage 810 and the second water passage 830 below communicate with the water inlet. At the same time, the first baffle 81 and the second baffle 83 can block the liquid from tilting to one side to a certain extent, further blocking the risk of air suction of the water supply pipe 1.

[0039] The transverse partition plate 82 serves as a water separation baffle and forms a gas-liquid separation chamber with the two vertical first baffle 81 and the second baffle 83 in the middle of the tank. A water separation partition plate 82 is placed horizontally inside the tank. The water flow passes through the surrounding partition plate 82, the first baffle 81 and the second baffle 83 inside the tank to form a first separation cavity 85, realizing gas-liquid separation. When the water tank expands due to heat, the gas separated from the water is more likely to float up and be discharged outward through the gas removal pipe 4 on the tank. The internal structure formed by the three baffles can also increase the stability of the tank interior, reducing the shaking of the tank. This internal design can not only improve the gas discharge efficiency when the water tank expands at high temperature, but also ensure the stability of the water tank when the vehicle runs on a bumpy road section.

[0040] The thermal management system of the embodiment comprises the tank structure described above, and comprises: a cooling pipeline 10 for transmitting the cooling liquid, the cooling pipeline 10 comprising a liquid conveying pipeline 101; a fluid in the liquid conveying pipeline 101 flowing through the component to be cooled 50; a water pump 20, one end of the liquid conveying pipeline 101 being connected to the water outlet end of the water pump 20, the other end of the liquid conveying pipeline 101 being connected with a first inlet pipe 1011 connected with the gas removal pipe 4 of the tank structure and a second inlet pipe 1012 for communicating with the heat exchanger 30.

[0041] In the thermal management system of the embodiment, the cooling pipeline 10 further comprises a liquid return pipeline 102 connected with the water supplement pipeline 1 of the tank structure, and the other end of the liquid return pipeline 102 is connected with the water inlet end of the water pump 20.

[0042] The battery thermal management system of the embodiment utilizes air conditioning elements including an evaporator, a condenser, a PTC heater and the like assembled in the system to provide a heat source for heating at low temperature or a cold source for heat dissipation at high temperature. Figure 4 When the vehicle is running, part of the hot gas flow generated by the battery pack passes through the plate heat exchanger 30, and the other part enters the tank structure together with the cooling liquid through the degassing pipeline 4, so as to promote the temperature rise of the cooling liquid in the water tank, and the volume of the cooling liquid in the system is increased. The vaporized cooling liquid is condensed into liquid state again after being supplemented with water in the water tank, and then reenters the water pump 20 and flows back to the battery pack for circulation. The gas generated in the system flows back to the water tank, and is discharged through the pressure relief port 6, so as to keep the pressure of the system stable. The pressure regulating valve in the expansion cavity automatically opens to discharge water vapor when the pressure in the expansion cavity is too high. Conversely, when the water level drops, air can be supplied to the water tank in time to ensure the positive pressure in the water tank and prevent pitting corrosion of the cooling system. When the cooling liquid in the expansion water tank is too little, the liquid level sensor 2 at the bottom of the water tank can play an alarm role. At this time, the cooling liquid in the system needs to be increased through the water supplement pipeline 1 for circulation, and the driver can observe the liquid level of the cooling liquid in the water tank through the liquid level mirror 3 to judge the situation.

[0043] The vehicle of the embodiment comprises the thermal management system, and the thermal management system is the thermal management system described above.

[0044] The baffle is added in the water tank to increase the stability of the water tank and reduce the risk of air suction of the water pump.

[0045] From the above description, it can be seen that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:

[0046] The tank structure of the present application can solve the problem of air suction of the expansion water tank in long-term vibration of the vehicle body, and the stability of the water tank in bumpy road conditions is increased through the design of two notched baffles. The risk of cavitation of the water pump is reduced, and the service life of the water pump is prolonged.

[0047] The tank structure of the present application horizontally places a water distribution baffle in the water tank, and the baffle and the other two vertically placed baffles form a gas-liquid separation chamber in the middle of the water tank, which can improve the gas-liquid separation efficiency and reduce the waste of the cooling liquid.

[0048] The box structure of the application mainly relates to the application of the expansion water tank on the new energy bus, compared with the traditional water tank, the advantages of the application are reflected in improving the internal design, preventing the damage of the water pump and the water tank caused by special circumstances, and improving the circulation efficiency of the thermal management system.

[0049] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0050] The relative arrangement of parts and steps, numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, unless otherwise specifically stated. At the same time, it should be understood that the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in proportion to the actual proportions. Techniques, methods and devices known to those skilled in the relevant art can not be discussed in detail, but should be considered as part of the authorized description, if appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary, and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the example embodiments can have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0051] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation words such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "transverse, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate and imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application; the orientation words "inner, outer" refer to the inner and outer of the contour of each component itself.

[0052] For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", "left", "rear", "front", "vertical" and "horizontal" as can be perceived herein relative to the accompanying drawings refer to the orientation of the components being described. However, it is to be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device described herein relative to the other device or structure is inverted, then a spatially relative term such as "above" can be interpreted as meaning "below" or "below" can be interpreted as meaning "above". The device can also be oriented in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. The devices can be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

[0053] In addition, it should be pointed out that the use of "first", "second" and the like words to qualify parts, is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding parts, and the above words have no special meaning unless otherwise stated, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0054] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with the purpose of enabling not to limit the scope of protection of the present application, but of enabling a person skilled in the art to make various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A box structure, characterized by, The box structure comprises: an outer box body (8) having an expansion cavity; a partition plate (82) located in the expansion cavity, the partition plate (82) being connected with the outer box body (8) to divide the expansion cavity into a first separated cavity (85) and a second separated cavity (87); at least part of the first separated cavity (85) is located above the second separated cavity (87); the partition plate (82) is provided with a water inlet hole (820), and the first separated cavity (85) and the second separated cavity (87) are communicated through the water inlet hole (820); a degassing pipe (4) arranged on the outer box body (8), the degassing pipe (4) being communicated with the first separated cavity (85), and the degassing pipe (4) being used for communicating with a cooling pipe (10) to introduce fluid in the cooling pipe (10) into the first separated cavity (85); the water inlet hole (820) is a circular through hole; and / or, the water inlet hole (820) is a plurality of water inlet holes (820) arranged at intervals; the box structure further comprises a first baffle (81) and a second baffle (83) arranged at intervals, the first baffle (81) and the second baffle (83) being located in the expansion cavity, and the partition plate (82) being located between the first baffle (81) and the second baffle (83); one end of the partition plate (82) is connected with the first baffle (81), and the other end of the partition plate (82) is connected with the second baffle (83), and the partition plate (82), the first baffle (81) and the second baffle (83) enclose the first separated cavity (85) and the second separated cavity (87).

2. The box structure according to claim 1, wherein the first baffle (81) and a side wall of the outer box body (8) are arranged at intervals to form a first backflow cavity (84) between the first baffle (81) and the side wall of the outer box body (8), and the first baffle (81) is provided with a first air passing hole (811), one end of the first air passing hole (811) being communicated with the first separated cavity (85), and the other end of the first air passing hole (811) being communicated with the first backflow cavity (84); the second baffle (83) and the side wall of the outer box body (8) are arranged at intervals to form a second backflow cavity (86) between the second baffle (83) and the side wall of the outer box body (8), and the second baffle (83) is provided with a second air passing hole (831), one end of the second air passing hole (831) being communicated with the first separated cavity (85), and the other end of the second air passing hole (831) being communicated with the second backflow cavity (86).

3. The box structure according to claim 2, wherein the first air passing hole (811) is a plurality of first air passing holes (811) arranged at intervals; and / or, the second air passing hole (831) is a plurality of second air passing holes (831) arranged at intervals; and / or, The first air passing hole (811) and the second air passing hole (831) are both circular through holes.

4. The box structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first baffle (81) is provided with a first water passing hole (810), one end of the first water passing hole (810) being in communication with the second separation cavity (87), and the other end of the first water passing hole (810) being in communication with the first backflow cavity (84); and / or, The second baffle (83) is provided with a second water passing hole (830), one end of the second water passing hole (830) being in communication with the second separation cavity (87), and the other end of the second water passing hole (830) being in communication with the second backflow cavity (86).

5. The box structure of claim 4, wherein, The box structure comprises a water replenishing pipe (1) provided on the outer box (8), the water replenishing pipe (1) being in communication with the first backflow cavity (84) or the second backflow cavity (86).

6. The box structure of claim 1, wherein The box structure comprises: a liquid level sensor (2) provided on the outer box (8), the liquid level sensor (2) being provided on the side wall of the second separation cavity (87); and / or, a liquid level mirror (3) provided on the outer box (8) to observe the liquid level in the expansion cavity through the liquid level mirror (3); and / or, a pressure cover (5) provided on the outer box (8), the pressure cover (5) being provided with a pressure relief opening (6) in communication with the first separation cavity (85).

7. A thermal management system comprising the box structure of any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by The thermal management system comprises: a cooling pipeline (10) for transmitting cooling liquid, the cooling pipeline (10) comprising a liquid delivery pipeline (101); the fluid in the liquid delivery pipeline (101) flowing through the component (50) to be cooled; a water pump (20), one end of the liquid delivery pipeline (101) being connected to the water outlet end of the water pump (20), and the other end of the liquid delivery pipeline (101) being connected with a first inlet pipe (1011) connected to the gas removal pipe (4) of the box structure and a second inlet pipe (1012) for being in communication with the heat exchanger (30).

8. The thermal management system of claim 7, wherein, The cooling pipeline (10) further comprises a liquid return pipeline (102), the liquid return pipeline (102) being connected to the water replenishing pipe (1) of the box structure, and the other end of the liquid return pipeline (102) being connected to the water inlet end of the water pump (20).

9. A vehicle comprising a thermal management system, characterized in that The thermal management system is the thermal management system according to claim 7 or 8.

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