A high-gain dielectric-loaded vortex antenna

Abstract

The application relates to the field of communication technology and discloses a high-gain medium vortex antenna, which comprises a feed horn antenna and a medium vortex lens; the feed horn antenna is used for generating a spherical wave; the hyperboloid of the feed horn antenna and the medium vortex lens is connected through an optical principle; the feed horn antenna is arranged at the focal point of the hyperboloid of the medium lens; the medium lens converges and collimates the spherical wave generated by the feed horn antenna to form a plane wave; the medium vortex lens transmits a stepped spiral structure to form a vortex electromagnetic wave; the vortex electromagnetic wave is designed according to a mode calculation formula of the vortex electromagnetic wave; theoretically, any required mode can be obtained; the vortex electromagnetic wave generated in this way has the characteristics of high power and is helpful to long-distance transmission in a wireless communication system. The high-gain medium vortex antenna has the advantages of high gain, high isolation and light weight.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a high-gain dielectric vortex antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of communication technology, the spectrum resource is increasingly scarce, but we are increasingly eager for the capacity and speed of communication. Therefore, how to improve the utilization rate of spectrum and exploit more abundant spectrum resources has become the core and hotspot today.

[0003] Under the existing time division, frequency division, space division, code division, polarization and other multiplexing technology means, the communication link transmission capacity under the condition of using far-field plane electromagnetic wave for communication has approached the Shannon limit. Under the guidance of the problem of improving the spectrum utilization rate without expanding the available spectrum bandwidth, the orbital angular momentum electromagnetic vortex technology gradually enters people's field of vision. According to Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic waves can not only propagate energy but also propagate momentum, and the propagated momentum can be divided into linear momentum and angular momentum, and the angular momentum can be divided into rotational angular momentum and orbital angular momentum. In quantum mechanics, angular momentum is a basic physical quantity, and rotational angular momentum is related to the spin of a quantum, corresponding to the polarization of light in optics, and corresponding to the polarization mode of electromagnetic waves in electromagnetics. The orbital angular momentum describes the transverse rotation mode of the spatial coordinate of the spiral wave beam, which is perpendicular to the direction of the Poynting vector. Unlike existing multiplexing technologies, the orbital angular momentum electromagnetic vortex multiplexing technology can use the orbital angular momentum mode as a modulation parameter, and use the inherent orthogonality of the orbital angular momentum mode to modulate multiple signals onto different orbital angular momentum modes, and distinguish different channels according to the mode number or topological charge number. In this way, people can obtain multiple independent orbital angular momentum channels on the same carrier frequency. Since the orbital angular momentum can theoretically have infinite dimensions, it can form an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, so theoretically, the same carrier frequency can obtain infinite transmission capacity using orbital angular momentum electromagnetic vortex multiplexing.

[0004] However, there are still many problems in the actual application of wireless communication systems, such as the difficulty of long-distance transmission of vortex electromagnetic waves due to low central energy, the isolation of each mode in the mode multiplexing system, and the design and manufacture of lightweight vortex electromagnetic wave devices, and therefore a high-gain, high-isolation and lightweight vortex electromagnetic wave generator is needed for future wireless communication long-distance transmission and mode multiplexing systems. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above problems or deficiencies, the present application provides a high-gain dielectric vortex antenna, which has high gain, high isolation and lightweight advantages to meet the needs of the field of communication technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] A high-gain medium vortex antenna comprises a feed horn antenna and a medium vortex lens; wherein the feed horn antenna serves as an electromagnetic wave input end of the medium vortex antenna and generates a spherical wave; the hyperboloid of the feed horn antenna and the medium vortex lens are connected through optical principles; the feed horn antenna is placed at the focal point of the hyperboloid of the medium vortex lens; the medium vortex lens collimates the spherical wave generated by the feed horn antenna to form a plane wave; and the step thickness of the transmission stepped spiral structure of the medium vortex lens is proportional to the rotation azimuth angle, and the medium vortex lens forms a vortex electromagnetic wave corresponding to different azimuth angles after the electromagnetic wave is incident.

[0008] As a preference, the feed horn antenna adopts a conical horn antenna and a rectangular horn antenna, and the open ends of the two are circular and rectangular respectively; and when designing the rectangular horn antenna, the E-plane and H-plane directional pattern curves in the main lobe range should be made to coincide as much as possible.

[0009] As a preference, the profile curve of the hyperboloid of the medium vortex lens (2) passing through the center can be obtained by using the optical path principle; the O point is the midpoint of the curve arc and serves as the origin of the rectangular coordinate system; the profile curve convex direction is towards the negative direction of the X axis; the F point is a point source emitting a spherical wave; the P point is an arbitrary point on the selected line; the Q point coincides with the origin; the Q' point is the projection of the P point on the X axis; and the following should be met:

[0010] FP=FQ+nQQ'

[0011] The polar coordinates of the P point are FQ=f, and the above formula can be written as:

[0012]

[0013] If the P point adopts the rectangular coordinates with the O point as the origin, then:

[0014] ρ 2 =(x+f) 2 +y 2

[0015]

[0016] Finally, it can be converted into:

[0017] (n 2 -1)x 2 +2(n-1)fx-y 2 =0

[0018] wherein is the refractive index of the material, and ε rRelative permittivity of the medium vortex lens (2) material.

[0019] As a preference, the transmission step spiral structure of the medium vortex lens is composed of several steps in the form of a fan-shaped cylinder, and the height difference between each adjacent two steps is equal; for a certain wavelength of electromagnetic wave, a spiral phase plate corresponds to a unique topological charge number, that is, a unique mode; and the expression of the topological charge number of the spiral phase plate is l=h s (n-n0) / lambda, wherein h s is the maximum difference of the step height of the phase plate, n represents the refractive index of the phase plate, n0 is the refractive index of the space around the phase plate, and lambda is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0020] As a preference, the medium vortex lens adopts a polytetrafluoroethylene medium material.

[0021] The present application has the advantages of:

[0022] The present application adopts a medium vortex lens with a converging collimation function of electromagnetic waves and a transmission step spiral structure. Compared with a general vortex electromagnetic wave generator, the present application is more simple, the generated vortex electromagnetic wave is more standard and stable, and a higher gain can be obtained, so as to overcome the problem that the central energy of the vortex electromagnetic wave is low and will diverge with the transmission distance, so that it can be transmitted at a farther distance. In addition, the present application also has the characteristics of high isolation degree between modes and light weight of the medium material, so as to meet the needs of future wireless communication long-distance transmission and mode multiplexing system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a front view of a structure model of an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a side view of a structure model of an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a simulation far field curve diagram of an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical method of the present application is described clearly and in detail below in connection with the drawings of an embodiment of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the present application is usually placed, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only used for differentiation in description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] The present application is described in detail below in connection with the drawings

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 shown, Figure 1 and Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a high-gain medium vortex antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application, which comprises a feed horn antenna 1 and a medium vortex lens 2. The feed horn antenna 1 serves as an electromagnetic wave input end of the medium vortex antenna and generates a spherical wave. The hyperboloid of the feed horn antenna 1 and the medium vortex lens 2 are connected by optical principles. The feed horn antenna 1 is placed at the focal point of the hyperboloid of the medium vortex lens 2. The medium vortex lens 2 collimates the spherical wave generated by the feed horn antenna 1 to form a plane wave, greatly improving the gain of the antenna. The step thickness of the transmission stepped spiral structure of the medium vortex lens 2 is proportional to the rotation azimuth angle. After the electromagnetic wave is incident, the optical path it passes through is different for different azimuth angles, thereby forming a vortex electromagnetic wave. According to the mode calculation formula of the vortex electromagnetic wave, the vortex electromagnetic wave of any mode can be generated in theory.

[0031] In this embodiment, the feed horn antenna 1 is generally a rectangular horn antenna with a rectangular opening end. Its operating frequency band is 170GHz-260GHz, and the waveguide port is a standard waveguide of 1.092mm*0.546mm. The radiation pattern curves of the E-plane and H-plane of the rectangular horn antenna basically coincide within the main lobe range, ensuring that the radiated spherical wave is as standard as possible.

[0032] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional curve formed by the hyperboloid of the dielectric vortex lens 2 passing through its center can be obtained using the optical path principle. Let point O be the midpoint of the curve arc and the origin of the rectangular coordinate system. The convex direction of the cross-sectional curve is towards the negative direction of the X-axis. A spherical wave is emitted from the point source at point F. P is any point on this selected line. Q coincides with the origin, and Q' is the projection of point P onto the X-axis. Therefore:

[0033] FP=FQ+nQQ'

[0034] The polar coordinates of point P are FQ = f, the above formula can be written as:

[0035]

[0036] If point P uses rectangular coordinates with point O as the origin, then:

[0037] ρ 2 =(x+f) 2 +y 2

[0038]

[0039] Ultimately, it can be transformed into:

[0040] (n 2 -1)x 2 +2(n-1)fx-y 2 =0

[0041] in ε is the refractive index of the material. r The relative permittivity of the dielectric vortex lens 2 is given. In this embodiment, the dielectric material is polytetrafluoroethylene with a relative permittivity of 2.01, and the hyperboloid aperture size is 30mm.

[0042] In this embodiment, the transmission stepped spiral structure of the dielectric vortex lens 2 consists of 24 fan-shaped columnar steps, with equal height differences between any two adjacent steps. For a given wavelength of electromagnetic wave, each spiral phase plate corresponds to a unique topological charge, i.e., a unique mode. The expression for the topological charge of the spiral phase plate is l = h. s(n-n0) / λ, where n is the refractive index of the medium material taken as 1.42, n0 is the refractive index of the space around the phase plate taken as 1, and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave calculated as 1.36 mm according to the center frequency of 220 GHz, and finally h s The maximum difference representing the step height of the phase plate is calculated as 3.26 mm;

[0043] The above-described embodiments only express the specific implementation of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the technical concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-gain dielectric-loaded Vivaldi antenna, characterized by: The application relates to a medium vortex antenna, which comprises a feed horn antenna (1) and a medium vortex lens (2); wherein the feed horn antenna (1) is used as an electromagnetic wave input end of the medium vortex antenna and generates a spherical wave; the feed horn antenna (1) is connected with a hyperboloid of the medium vortex lens (2) through an optical principle; the feed horn antenna (1) is arranged at a focal point of the hyperboloid of the medium vortex lens (2); the medium vortex lens (2) collimates the spherical wave generated by the feed horn antenna (1) to form a plane wave; and the medium vortex lens (2) forms a vortex electromagnetic wave through a transmission step spiral structure of the medium vortex lens (2), wherein the step thickness of the transmission step spiral structure is proportional to a rotation azimuth angle, and the vortex electromagnetic wave is formed corresponding to different azimuth angles after electromagnetic wave incidence. The transmission stepped spiral structure of the medium vortex lens is composed of several stepped fan-shaped columns, and the height difference between each adjacent two steps is equal; for electromagnetic waves of a certain wavelength, a spiral phase plate corresponds to a unique topological charge number, that is, a unique mode; and the expression of the topological charge number of the spiral phase plate is wherein, is the maximum difference of the step height of the phase plate, is the refractive index of the phase plate, is the refractive index of the space around the phase plate, is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

2. A high-gain dielectric-mediun vortec antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The feed horn antenna (1) adopts a conical horn antenna and a rectangular horn antenna, and the open ends of the conical horn antenna and the rectangular horn antenna are circular and rectangular respectively; and when the rectangular horn antenna is designed, the E-plane and H-plane direction pattern curves in the main lobe range of the rectangular horn antenna should be made to coincide as much as possible.

3. A high-gain dielectric-mediun vortec antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The profile curve of the hyperboloid of the medium vortex lens (2) passing through the center can be obtained by using an optical path principle; an O point is an arc midpoint of a curve and is used as an origin of a rectangular coordinate system; the profile curve is convex to the negative direction of the X axis; a point source is arranged at an F point to emit a spherical wave; a P point is an arbitrary point on the selected line; a Q point is coincident with the origin; a Q' point is a projection of the P point on the X axis; and the following formula should be satisfied: dFQ' = dFQ. ； The polar coordinates of point P are , The above equation can be written as: ； If the P point adopts a rectangular coordinate with the O point as the origin, the following formula can be obtained: ； ； Finally, the formula can be changed into the following formula: ( ； wherein is the refractive index of the material, is the relative permittivity of the material of the vortex lens (2).

4. A high-gain dielectric-mediun vortec antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The medium vortex lens adopts a polytetrafluoroethylene medium material.

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