A millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna, comprising 8N-channel IQ intermediate frequency signals, a local oscillator power division network, an 8N-channel IQ mixing channel, an 8N-channel radio frequency transceiver channel, and a one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array. The 8N-channel IQ intermediate frequency signals realize intermediate frequency signals with phases by adjusting the amplitude, the local oscillator power division network divides the local oscillator signals into 8N channels, and mixes with the intermediate frequency signals with phases in the 8N-channel IQ mixing channels to generate radio frequency signals, and brings the phase information in the intermediate frequency signals to the 8N-channel radio frequency signals, and the 8N-channel radio frequency signals enter the 8N-channel radio frequency transceiver channels, and the 8N-channel radio frequency transceiver channels are connected to the one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array, and the mixed radio frequency signals with phase information are input into the antenna array, and the radiated electromagnetic waves are superimposed by spatial phases to realize the phased beam scanning function of the millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna. Background Art

[0002] Phased array antennas are antennas that change the shape of their radiation patterns by controlling the feeding phase of the radiating elements in the array antenna. Controlling the phase can change the direction of the maximum value of the antenna pattern to achieve the purpose of beam scanning.

[0003] At present, the commonly used phased arrays in the existing technology can be divided into two categories: traditional analog active phased arrays and active digital phased arrays. The former uses the phase shifter of analog devices to change the signal phase of each array element, and all beamforming operations are completed on the array surface. The latter uses DDS shifting to generate signal phase shift by moving the receiver forward.

[0004] Digital array antennas are developed based on phased array antennas. Their transmit waveforms are generated digitally at the array unit level, and the energy received from the outside is also digitized at the array unit level. This architecture can provide phased signals in the digital domain, perform amplitude-phase weighting and beamforming on transmit and receive beams pointing in any direction, thereby realizing the phase scanning function of the phased array. Digital phased arrays have many advantages over analog active phased arrays, such as multiple receive beams without signal-to-noise ratio loss, adaptive zeroing scanning, and easy calibration. At present, digital phased arrays have been used in many frequency bands, but due to the difficulty of designing millimeter-wave terahertz RF devices, they are rarely used in the millimeter-wave terahertz frequency bands. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a millimeter-wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna to realize the phase scanning function of a one-dimensional antenna array in the millimeter-wave terahertz segment.

[0006] Technical solution: In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The invention discloses a millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna, comprising 8N IQ intermediate frequency signals, a local oscillator power division network, an 8N IQ mixing channel, an 8N radio frequency transceiver channel, and a one-dimensional 8N channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array; the 8N IQ intermediate frequency signals realize intermediate frequency signals with phases by adjusting amplitudes; the local oscillator power division network divides the local oscillator signals into 8N channels, mixes the local oscillator signals with the intermediate frequency signals with phases in the 8N IQ mixing channels to generate radio frequency signals, brings phase information in the intermediate frequency signals to the 8N radio frequency signals, the 8N radio frequency signals enter the 8N radio frequency transceiver channels, the 8N radio frequency transceiver channels are connected to the one-dimensional 8N channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array, inputs the mixed radio frequency signals with phase information into the one-dimensional 8N channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array, and radiates electromagnetic waves through spatial phase superposition to realize the phased beam scanning function of the millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna; N=1, 2, ….

[0008] Furthermore, the 8N IQ intermediate frequency signals include 8N I and Q intermediate frequency signals, each of which includes an I intermediate frequency signal and a Q intermediate frequency signal, and the I intermediate frequency signal and the Q intermediate frequency signal maintain a phase difference of 90 degrees.

[0009] Furthermore, the local oscillator power division network divides the local oscillator signal into 8N channels with equal amplitude and phase through several levels of power division structures. The 8N channels of local oscillator signals with equal amplitude and phase are connected to 8N channels of IQ mixing channels and enter the IQ mixer.

[0010] Furthermore, the 8N IQ mixing channels include IQ signal input / output, local oscillator signal input, RF signal input / output, and an IQ mixer; the IQ signal input / output is connected to the front-end 8N IQ intermediate frequency signals, and inputs or outputs 8N intermediate frequency signals; the local oscillator signal input is connected to the front-end local oscillator power division network, and inputs the local oscillator signal; the RF signal input / output is connected to the back-end 8N RF transceiver channels, and inputs or outputs the RF signal with the same phase information as the intermediate frequency signal.

[0011] Furthermore, the 8N-channel RF transceiver channel includes a first-stage switch, a transmitting power amplifier, a receiving low-noise amplifier, and a second-stage switch; the front-end first-stage switch is connected to the 8N-channel IQ mixing channel, the front-ends of the transmitting power amplifier and the receiving low-noise amplifier are connected to the first-stage switch, and the rear-ends are connected to the second-stage switch, and the second-stage switch is connected to the one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array; when receiving the RF signal with phase information of the 8N-channel IQ mixing channel, the first-stage switch and the second-stage switch are switched to the transmitting power amplifier. The radio frequency signal with phase information is amplified by the transmitting power amplifier and then input into the one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array. The one-dimensional 8-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array radiates electromagnetic wave energy, or the one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array receives electromagnetic wave signals. The first-stage switch and the second-stage switch are switched to the receiving low-noise amplifier. The electromagnetic wave signal received by the one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array is amplified by the receiving low-noise amplifier and then input into the IQ mixer in the 8N IQ mixing channels.

[0012] Furthermore, the one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array includes 8N substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna arrays with the same structure, each substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array includes a coplanar waveguide matching structure, a substrate integrated waveguide cavity, and a radiation slot, the substrate integrated waveguide cavity transmits or receives a radio frequency signal with phase information, and the radiation slot radiates electromagnetic field energy outward or receives external electromagnetic field energy.

[0013] Furthermore, the coplanar waveguide matching structure includes a matching transmission line, a dielectric substrate, and a metal layer on the lower surface, wherein uniform gaps are opened on both sides of the matching transmission line, and rectangular gaps are opened on both sides of the end; the substrate integrated waveguide cavity includes a dielectric substrate, an upper surface metal layer, a lower surface metal layer, and a plurality of metal cylinders; the metal cylinders pass through the dielectric substrate and are evenly distributed along both sides of the center line, wherein two metal cylinders are located at the center of the end of the radiation gap and are separated by a quarter of the working wavelength in the dielectric, forming a short circuit; and a plurality of radiation gaps are opened on the upper surface metal layer of each substrate integrated waveguide cavity.

[0014] Furthermore, the radiation slots are rectangular in shape and are evenly distributed left and right along the center line, and each radiation slot is separated by half the working wavelength in the medium.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The present invention discloses a millimeter wave terahertz band one-dimensional phased array antenna, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0016] 1) The present invention proposes a design scheme for a one-dimensional phased array antenna in the millimeter-wave terahertz frequency band, which realizes the control of a one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array in the millimeter-wave terahertz frequency band to complete its phased beam scanning function. In the millimeter-wave terahertz frequency band, the production of phase shifting devices is very difficult. Through this scheme, the phase shift required by the phased array in the millimeter-wave terahertz frequency band is converted to the intermediate frequency, reducing the design difficulty of millimeter-wave terahertz radio frequency devices.

[0017] 2) The 8N RF transceiver channels of the present invention are integrated with the one-dimensional 8N channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array on a circuit board. After the RF signal is output from the RF channel, it enters the antenna array through the conversion structure of the coplanar waveguide and the substrate integrated waveguide. The conversion structure has the characteristics of short transmission distance and compact structure, which greatly reduces the transmission loss of the connected part of the millimeter wave terahertz signal and improves the energy utilization and integration of the entire system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system framework of a millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the framework of 8-channel IQ intermediate frequency signals in the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the framework of the local oscillator power division network in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a single-channel IQ mixing channel framework in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the framework of a single-channel radio frequency transceiver channel in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a one-dimensional 8-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot array in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot array in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the side structure of a single-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot array in the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention is further introduced below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0027] This specific embodiment discloses a millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna, N is 1, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes 8-channel IQ intermediate frequency signals 1, a local oscillator power division network 2, 8-channel IQ mixing channels 3, 8-channel RF transceiver channels 4, and a one-dimensional 8-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array 5.

[0028] The block diagram of 8-channel IQ intermediate frequency signal 1 is as follows Figure 2 As shown, 8 I and Q intermediate frequency signals 11-18 are included, and the 8 I and Q intermediate frequency signals 11-18 are connected to 8 IQ mixing channels 3. The phase difference between the first I intermediate frequency signal 111 and the Q intermediate frequency signal 112 is 90 degrees. By adjusting the amplitude of the I intermediate frequency signal 111 and the Q intermediate frequency signal 112, the phase information of the mixed RF signal is changed. The remaining seven channels are the same as the first channel.

[0029] The block diagram of the local oscillator power distribution network 2 is as follows Figure 3 As shown, it includes a primary power divider 21, a secondary power divider 22, and a tertiary power divider 23. The primary power divider 21 divides the local oscillator signal into two, the secondary power divider 22 divides the two local oscillator signals of the primary power divider 21 into four, and the tertiary power divider 23 divides the four local oscillator signals of the secondary power divider 22 into eight. Through the three-stage power divider structure, the local oscillator signal is divided into 8 channels with equal amplitude and phase. The 8 channels of equal amplitude and phase local oscillator signals are connected to the 8-channel IQ mixing channel 3 and enter the IQ mixer 34 for mixing.

[0030] The single-channel block diagram of 8-channel IQ mixer channel 3 is as follows Figure 4 As shown, it includes an IQ signal input / output 31, a local oscillator signal input 32, a radio frequency signal input / output 33, and an IQ mixer 34. The 8-channel IQ mixing channel 3, the IQ signal input / output 31 is connected to the front-end 8-channel IQ intermediate frequency signal 1, and inputs or outputs 8-channel IQ intermediate frequency signals; the local oscillator signal input 32 is connected to the front-end local oscillator power division network 2, and inputs the local oscillator signal; the radio frequency signal input / output 33 is connected to the back-end 8-channel radio frequency transceiver channel 4, and inputs or outputs the radio frequency signal with phase information.

[0031] The single-channel block diagram of 8-channel RF transceiver channel 4 is as follows Figure 5As shown, it includes a first-stage switch 41, a transmitting power amplifier 42, a receiving low-noise amplifier 43, and a second-stage switch 44. The front-end first-stage switch 41 is connected to the 8-way IQ mixing channel 3, the front ends of the transmitting power amplifier 42 and the receiving low-noise amplifier 43 are connected to the first-stage switch 41, and the rear ends are connected to the second-stage switch 44. The second-stage switch 44 is connected to the one-dimensional 8-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array 5. When receiving the RF signal with phase information of the 8-channel IQ mixing channel 3, the first-stage switch 41 and the second-stage switch 44 are turned to the transmitting power amplifier 42, and the RF signal with phase information is amplified by the transmitting power amplifier 42, and then input into the one-dimensional 8-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array 5, and the one-dimensional 8-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array 5 radiates electromagnetic wave energy, or the one-dimensional 8-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array 5 receives the electromagnetic wave signal, and the first-stage switch 41 and the second-stage switch 44 are turned to the receiving low-noise amplifier 43, and the electromagnetic wave signal received by the one-dimensional 8-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array 5 is amplified by the receiving low-noise amplifier 43, and then input into the IQ mixer 34 in the 8-channel IQ mixing channel 3.

[0032] The structure diagram and side structure diagram of the antenna unit of the one-dimensional 8-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array 5 are respectively as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the one-dimensional 8-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array 5 includes 8 substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna arrays 51-58 with the same structure, each substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array includes a coplanar waveguide matching structure 511, a substrate integrated waveguide cavity 512, and a radiation slot 513. The substrate integrated waveguide cavity 512 transmits or receives a radio frequency signal with phase information, and the radiation slot 513 radiates electromagnetic field energy outward or receives external electromagnetic field energy. In the one-dimensional 8-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array 5, the coplanar waveguide matching structure 511 includes a matching transmission line 5111, a dielectric substrate 5121, and a metal layer 5123 on the lower surface. Uniform gaps 5112 are opened on both sides of the matching transmission line, and rectangular gaps 5113 are opened on both sides of the end; the substrate integrated waveguide cavity 512 includes a dielectric substrate 5121, an upper surface metal layer 5122, a lower surface metal layer 5123, and a plurality of metal cylinders 5124; the dielectric substrate 5121 has a thickness of 0.254 mm, a dielectric constant of 2.2, and a loss tangent of 0.0004; the metal cylinders 5124 pass through the dielectric substrate 5121 and are evenly distributed on both sides of the center line, wherein two metal cylinders 5124 are located at the center of the end of the radiation gap 513, separated by a quarter of the working wavelength in the medium, to form a short circuit. A plurality of radiation slots 513 are provided on the metal layer 5122 on the upper surface of each substrate integrated waveguide cavity 512. The slots 513 are rectangular in shape and evenly distributed along the center line. Each radiation slot 513 is spaced apart by half the working wavelength of the medium.

[0033] There are 8 substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna arrays 51-58 with the same structure, and the distance between each substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array is equal, which is between 0.5 wavelength and 1 wavelength. Taking 0.5 wavelength and 10 radiation slots as an example, the 8 substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna arrays 51-58 maintain a distance of 0.5 wavelength, and the first I-channel signal amplitude of the 8-channel IQ intermediate frequency signals 11-18 is 1, and the Q-channel signal amplitude is 0; the second I-channel signal amplitude is 0, and the Q-channel amplitude is -1; the third I-channel signal amplitude is -1, and the Q-channel amplitude is 0; the fourth I-channel signal amplitude is 0, and the Q-channel signal amplitude is 1. . . Similarly, each IQ intermediate frequency signal has a phase difference of 90 degrees. After being mixed by the 8-channel IQ mixing channel 3, the phase information is provided to the RF signal. Each of the 8 RF signals has a phase difference of 90 degrees and enters the one-dimensional 8-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array 5 through the 8-channel RF transceiver channels 4. The radiated electromagnetic waves are superimposed in space to achieve a 30-degree beam scan.

[0034] This implementation is not limited to 8 channels, and can be expanded to 16 channels, 24 channels, etc. The implementation is similar to the above 8 channels.

[0035] This implementation does not limit the number of radiation slots, and the implementation is similar to the above-mentioned 10 radiation slots.

Claims

1. A millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna, Features: The invention comprises 8N IQ intermediate frequency signals (1), a local oscillator power division network (2), 8N IQ mixing channels (3), 8N radio frequency transceiver channels (4), and a one-dimensional 8N channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array (5); the 8N IQ intermediate frequency signals (1) comprise 8N I and Q intermediate frequency signals (11-18), each of which comprises an I intermediate frequency signal (111) and a Q intermediate frequency signal (112), the I intermediate frequency signal (111) and the Q intermediate frequency signal (112) maintaining a phase difference of 90 degrees, and the phase information of the mixed radio frequency signal is changed by adjusting the amplitudes of the I intermediate frequency signal 111 and the Q intermediate frequency signal 112, and the remaining seven channels are the same as the first channel. Similarly, the local oscillator power division network (2) divides the local oscillator signal into 8N channels, mixes the local oscillator signal with the intermediate frequency signal with phase in the 8N IQ mixing channels (3) to generate radio frequency signals, and brings the phase information in the intermediate frequency signal to the 8N radio frequency signals. The 8N radio frequency signals enter the 8N radio frequency transceiver channels (4), and the 8N radio frequency transceiver channels (4) are connected to the one-dimensional 8N channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array (5). The mixed radio frequency signal with phase information is input into the one-dimensional 8N channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array (5), and the radiated electromagnetic wave is superimposed through spatial phase to realize the phased beam scanning function of the millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna; N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

2. The millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 1, Features: The local oscillator power division network (2) divides the local oscillator signal into 8N channels with equal amplitude and phase through a plurality of power division structures. The 8N channels of local oscillator signals with equal amplitude and phase are connected to the 8N channels of IQ mixing channels (3) and enter the IQ mixer (34).

3. The millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 1, Features: The 8N-channel IQ mixing channel (3) comprises an IQ signal input / output (31), a local oscillator signal input (32), a radio frequency signal input / output (33), and an IQ mixer (34); the IQ signal input / output (31) is connected to the front-end 8N-channel IQ intermediate frequency signal (1) to input or output the 8N-channel intermediate frequency signal; the local oscillator signal input (32) is connected to the front-end local oscillator power division network (2) to input the local oscillator signal; the radio frequency signal input / output (33) is connected to the back-end 8N-channel radio frequency transceiver channel (4) to input or output the radio frequency signal with the same phase information as the intermediate frequency signal.

4. The millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 1, Features: The 8N-channel radio frequency transceiver channel (4) comprises a first-stage switch (41), a transmitting power amplifier (42), a receiving low-noise amplifier (43), and a second-stage switch (44); the front-end first-stage switch (41) is connected to the 8N-channel IQ mixing channel (3); the front ends of the transmitting power amplifier (42) and the receiving low-noise amplifier (43) are connected to the first-stage switch (41), and the rear ends are connected to the second-stage switch (44); the second-stage switch (44) is connected to the one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array (5); when receiving the radio frequency signal with phase information of the 8N-channel IQ mixing channel (3), the first-stage switch (41) and the second-stage switch (44) are switched to the transmitting mode. The radio frequency signal with phase information is amplified by the transmitting power amplifier (42) and then input into the one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array (5). The one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array (5) radiates electromagnetic wave energy, or the one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array (5) receives electromagnetic wave signals. The first-stage switch (41) and the second-stage switch (44) are switched to the receiving low-noise amplifier (43). The electromagnetic wave signals received by the one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array (5) are amplified by the receiving low-noise amplifier (43) and then input into the IQ mixer (34) in the 8N-channel IQ mixing channels (3).

5. The millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 1, Features: The one-dimensional 8N-channel substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array (5) comprises 8N substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna arrays (51-58) with the same structure, each substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna array comprising a coplanar waveguide matching structure (511), a substrate integrated waveguide cavity (512), and a radiation slot (513), the substrate integrated waveguide cavity (512) transmitting or receiving a radio frequency signal with phase information, and the radiation slot (513) radiating electromagnetic field energy outwards, or receiving external electromagnetic field energy.

6. The millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 5, Features: The coplanar waveguide matching structure (511) comprises a matching transmission line (5111), a dielectric substrate (5121), and a metal layer (5123) on the lower surface; uniform gaps (5112) are opened on both sides of the matching transmission line, and rectangular gaps (5113) are opened on both sides of the end; the substrate integrated waveguide cavity (512) comprises a dielectric substrate (5121), an upper surface metal layer (5122), a lower surface metal layer (5123), and a plurality of metal cylinders (5124); the metal cylinders (5124) pass through the dielectric substrate (5121) and are evenly distributed along both sides of the center line, wherein two metal cylinders (5124) are located at the center of the end of the radiation gap (513) and are separated by a quarter of the working wavelength in the dielectric, forming a short circuit; and a plurality of radiation gaps (513) are opened on the upper surface metal layer (5122) of each substrate integrated waveguide cavity (512).

7. The millimeter wave terahertz one-dimensional phased array antenna according to claim 6, Features: The radiation slots (513) are rectangular in shape and evenly distributed left and right along the center line, and each radiation slot (513) is separated by half the working wavelength in the medium.

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