Water-stopping structure and construction method of expansion joint surface of water conveyance structures crossing rivers

Abstract

This invention discloses a surface water-stopping structure for expansion joints of water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes, and its construction method. It belongs to the technical field of seepage prevention and sealing of expansion joints in lining concrete. The structure includes lining concrete of the water conveyance structure, a filling groove set in the expansion joint between the lining concrete sections, a separation plate, a high-elasticity mortar caulking body, and a first anti-seepage coating set in the filling groove, and a second anti-seepage coating set on the surface of the lining concrete and the surface of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body. A pressure-resistant component connected to the lining concrete limits the position of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the second anti-seepage coating. The water-stopping structure of this invention can be used for both new construction and repair projects. Construction is simple and convenient. Compared with the method of embedding water-stopping materials within the lining concrete, it not only has a shorter construction period and lower cost, but also effectively ensures construction quality. Furthermore, this water-stopping structure can withstand the pressure of internal and external water seepage, thus exhibiting good adaptability and durability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seepage prevention and sealing technology for expansion joints in lining concrete, specifically to a surface water-stopping structure for expansion joints of water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes, and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] The description of the background art in this invention pertains to related technologies and is used merely for illustration and to facilitate understanding of the invention. It should not be construed as the applicant explicitly believing or presuming that the invention was prior art on the filing date of the first application.

[0003] my country's water resources are unevenly distributed in time and space, leading to an increasing number of inter-basin and inter-regional water transfer projects, many of which cross rivers. These river-crossing water conveyance structures include tunnels, box culverts, and inverted siphons. The expansion joint sealing structures of these structures are characterized by their ability to withstand the pressure of pressurized water seeping outwards from the inner tunnel during operation, and the pressure of high-head water seeping inwards from external rivers during maintenance.

[0004] Currently, rubber waterstops or copper sheets are embedded inside the expansion joints of water conveyance structures crossing rivers. However, due to the high difficulty in constructing these structures and the difficulty in ensuring construction quality, some water conveyance structures crossing rivers (including water conveyance tunnels, pressure culverts, inverted siphons, etc.) suffer from severe leakage due to long-term exposure to internal and external water pressure and corrosion. This not only reduces the economic benefits of water diversion projects but also directly affects the service life of the projects.

[0005] Because expansion joints in water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes need to withstand temperature deformation and uneven deformation, they must bear the pressure of internal water seepage during normal operation and the pressure of external water seepage during maintenance when there is a higher water head. Therefore, dealing with the failure of the internal waterstops in the expansion joints of these structures is a very difficult task. Currently, common methods include chiseling away the concrete around the waterstop, reinstalling the waterstop, and then re-pouring the surrounding concrete; or drilling holes near the waterstop for chemical grouting; or anchoring or pasting a layer of rubber waterstop onto the surface of the expansion joint. None of these methods can guarantee the water-stopping effect of the expansion joint, and they are also time-consuming, costly, and have poor durability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a surface water-stopping structure for expansion joints of water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes, and its construction method, so as to solve the problems of high construction difficulty and difficulty in ensuring construction quality of existing water-stopping structures in expansion joints of water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes, and the problems of long construction period, high cost and poor durability of existing methods for dealing with the failure of internal water-stopping strips in expansion joints of water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0008] A surface waterproofing structure for expansion joints of water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes includes:

[0009] The lining concrete of the water conveyance structure has an expansion joint between two adjacent lining concrete blocks, and a filling groove is provided above the expansion joint.

[0010] The isolation panel is bonded to the bottom of the filling groove and covers the expansion joint;

[0011] High-elasticity mortar caulking compound; the high-elasticity mortar caulking compound fills the filling groove.

[0012] The first anti-seepage coating is located between the sidewalls and bottomwalls of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the sidewalls and bottomwalls of the filling groove and the isolation plate, and is bonded to the sidewalls and bottomwalls of the filling groove and the isolation plate.

[0013] The second anti-seepage coating is bonded to the top wall of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the surface of the lining concrete near the filling groove.

[0014] The compressive strength component is fixedly connected to the lining concrete and limits the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the second anti-seepage coating.

[0015] The water-stopping structure of this invention is installed on the surface of the expansion joints of water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes. Whether in new construction or repair projects, construction is relatively simple and convenient. Compared to embedding water-stopping materials within the concrete lining, it not only shortens the construction period and reduces costs but also effectively ensures construction quality. This water-stopping structure not only stops water but also withstands the pressure of internal and external water seepage. Specifically, the high-elasticity mortar caulking body can adapt to the deformation of the expansion joint (i.e., structural joint), the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the pressure-resistant components withstand the pressure of external water seepage, and the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the second anti-seepage coating withstand the pressure of internal water seepage. Therefore, the water-stopping structure of this invention has good adaptability and durability, improving the service life of the entire project.

[0016] Furthermore, the aforementioned anti-compression component includes a first limiting component and a second limiting component symmetrically arranged on both sides of the filling groove;

[0017] Both the first limiting component and the second limiting component include a pressure plate and a fastener; the pressure plate is located on the second anti-seepage coating, one end of the pressure plate is fixedly connected to the corresponding lining concrete through the fastener, and the other end of the pressure plate corresponds to the high elastic mortar caulking body, and there is a gap L1 between the two pressure plates.

[0018] The pressure plate of the present invention is in the form of a cantilever. Specifically, one end of the pressure plate corresponding to the high elastic mortar caulking body is in a cantilever state, and there is a gap between the two pressure plates. It not only has a limiting effect on the high elastic mortar caulking body to bear the pressure of external water seepage, but also has a yielding effect on the deformation of the high elastic mortar caulking body to ensure that it can adapt to the deformation of the expansion joint (i.e., structural joint).

[0019] Furthermore, the thickness of the aforementioned pressure plate gradually decreases from the end connected to the fastener to the end corresponding to the high-elasticity mortar caulking body, and the end of the pressure plate corresponding to the high-elasticity mortar caulking body is curved, with the bending direction being away from the high-elasticity mortar caulking body.

[0020] The thickness of the pressure plate of the present invention gradually decreases, and the pressure plate has a larger thickness near the fixing member, which ensures that the pressure plate has a large bending strength when bent at this position, and also ensures that the pressure plate can be in close contact with the second anti-seepage coating during the bending process, and can also ensure that it can rebound after bending.

[0021] Furthermore, the gap L1 between the two pressure plates is 1 to 2 cm, the width L2 of the expansion joint is 3 to 10 cm, and L2 - L1 ≥ 2 cm.

[0022] Furthermore, the first anti-seepage coating is bonded to the side and bottom walls of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the isolation plate by an interface agent; the second anti-seepage coating is bonded to the top wall of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the surface of the lining concrete near the expansion joint by an interface agent.

[0023] Furthermore, there are gaps between the two sides of the aforementioned isolation plate and the sidewalls of the filling groove.

[0024] The isolation plate of the present invention can cover the expansion joint, which facilitates the implementation of the first anti-seepage coating and ensures the continuity of the first anti-seepage coating. At the same time, the isolation plate separates the first anti-seepage coating and the high-elasticity mortar caulking body from the bottom of the filling groove, providing free deformation space for the first anti-seepage coating and the high-elasticity mortar caulking body, and ensuring that the deformation of the first anti-seepage coating and the high-elasticity mortar can adapt to the changes of the expansion joint.

[0025] Furthermore, the expansion joints are filled with flexible waterproofing material.

[0026] Furthermore, the first and second anti-seepage coatings are both made of single-component polyurea, and the second anti-seepage coating has a base fabric embedded inside; the thickness of the first anti-seepage coating is 1-2 mm; and the thickness of the second anti-seepage coating is not less than 4 mm.

[0027] A construction method for constructing the surface waterproofing structure of the expansion joints of the aforementioned water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes includes the following steps:

[0028] S1: A filling groove is opened at the top of the expansion joint;

[0029] S2: Adhere the isolation plate to the bottom wall of the filling groove so that the isolation plate covers the expansion joint;

[0030] S3: Apply the first anti-seepage coating to the side and bottom walls of the filling groove and the isolation plate;

[0031] S4: Fill the groove with high-elasticity mortar, and after curing, form a high-elasticity mortar caulking body;

[0032] S5: Apply a second waterproof coating to the top wall of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the surface of the lining concrete near the expansion joint;

[0033] S6: Apply a compressive strength component to the concrete surface to limit the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the second waterproof coating;

[0034] S7: Allow to cure naturally for 1 to 3 days to complete the construction of the entire water-stop structure.

[0035] Furthermore, prior to step S1 above, a flexible waterproofing filler material is filled into the expansion joint;

[0036] In step S1, after the filling groove is opened, the inside of the groove is leveled, cleaned, and dried.

[0037] In step S2, when bonding the isolation plate, ensure that there are gaps between the two sides of the isolation plate and the sidewalls of the filling groove.

[0038] In step S3, an interface agent is first applied to the sidewalls and bottomwalls of the filling tank and the isolation plate. After the interface agent is surface dry, one or more layers of single-component polyurea are scraped to make the thickness of the single-component polyurea 1-2 mm, forming the first anti-seepage coating.

[0039] In step S5, an interface agent is first applied to the top wall of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the surface of the lining concrete near the filling groove. After the interface agent is surface dry, one or more layers of single-component polyurea are scraped on, then the base fabric is pasted on, and then one or more layers of single-component polyurea are scraped on to make the thickness of the single-component polyurea not less than 4mm, forming a second anti-seepage coating.

[0040] In step S6, the pressure plate is placed on the second anti-seepage coating, with one end of the pressure plate corresponding to the corresponding lining concrete and the other end corresponding to the high-elasticity mortar caulking body. At the same time, the pressure plate is fixedly connected to the corresponding lining concrete by fasteners.

[0041] This invention allows for the construction of water-stopping structures on the surface of expansion joints in water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes. It can be used for new dam construction or for the repair of water-stopping structures in existing dams. The surface construction is simple and convenient, with a short construction period, low cost, and effective control over construction quality.

[0042] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] The water-stopping structure of this invention is installed on the surface of the expansion joints of water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes. Whether in new construction or repair projects, the construction is relatively simple and convenient. Compared with the method of embedding water-stopping materials in the lining concrete, it not only has a shorter construction period and lower cost, but also effectively ensures construction quality. At the same time, the water-stopping structure of this invention not only has the function of stopping water, but also has the function of bearing the pressure of internal and external water seepage. Therefore, it has good adaptability and durability, and improves the service life of the entire project. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the surface waterproofing structure of the expansion joint of the water conveyance structure for crossing rivers and lakes according to the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the end face structure at the expansion joint between the lining concrete sections of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first limiting component of the present invention.

[0047] In the diagram: 10-lining concrete; 11-expansion joint; 12-filling groove; 20-isolation plate; 30-high elastic mortar caulking body; 40-first anti-seepage coating; 50-second anti-seepage coating; 60-compression component; 61-first limiting component; 62-second limiting component; 63-pressure plate; 64-fixing component; 65-pad; 70-flexible water-stopping filling material; 80-interface agent. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] This embodiment provides a surface water-stopping structure for expansion joints of water conveyance structures crossing rivers. This water-stopping structure is installed on the surface of the dam body, so it can be used for both newly built dams and repairs of dams where water-stopping has failed. Because this water-stopping structure is applied to the surface, construction is relatively simple and convenient. Compared with existing buried water-stopping methods, it not only has a shorter construction period and lower cost, but also effectively ensures construction quality. In addition, this water-stopping structure not only has the function of stopping water, but also has the function of bearing the pressure of internal and external water seepage, thereby improving the service life of the entire dam project.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The surface waterproofing structure of the expansion joint of the water conveyance structure crossing the river in this embodiment includes:

[0052] The water conveyance structure has a lining concrete 10, with an expansion joint 11 between two adjacent lining concrete blocks 10, and a filling groove 12 is provided on the upper part of the expansion joint 11.

[0053] The isolation plate 20 is bonded to the bottom of the filling groove 12 and covers the expansion joint 11;

[0054] High-elasticity mortar caulking body 30 is filled in the filling groove 12;

[0055] The first anti-seepage coating 40 is located between the sidewalls and bottomwalls of the high elastic mortar caulking body 30 and the sidewalls and bottomwalls of the filling groove 12 and the isolation plate 20, and is bonded to the sidewalls and bottomwalls of the filling groove 12 and the isolation plate 20.

[0056] The second anti-seepage coating 50 is bonded to the top wall of the high elastic mortar caulking body 30 and the surface of the lining concrete 10 near the filling groove 12.

[0057] The compressive strength component 60 is fixedly connected to the lining concrete 10 and limits the high elastic mortar caulking body 30 and the second anti-seepage coating 50.

[0058] In this embodiment, the high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30 and the pressure-resistant component 60 bear the pressure of external water seepage into the interior, while the high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30 and the second anti-seepage coating 50 bear the pressure of internal water seepage into the exterior.

[0059] The expansion joint 11 between two adjacent lining concrete blocks 10 is the structural joint. The filling groove 12 is set on the surface of the lining concrete 10 and is symmetrical about the expansion joint 11.

[0060] The width of the isolation plate 20 is greater than the width of the expansion joint 11 but less than the width of the filling groove 12. When the isolation plate 20 is bonded to the bottom of the filling groove 12, it is symmetrical about the filling groove 12, thus completely covering the expansion joint 11. The presence of the isolation plate 20 can cover the expansion joint 11, facilitating the implementation of the first anti-seepage coating 40 and ensuring the continuity of the first anti-seepage coating 40.

[0061] The high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30 is made of high-elasticity mortar, which is poured and solidified. It has a good deformation capacity and can meet the relative deformation between the lining concrete 10. At the same time, after it is filled in the filling groove 12, it is used to bear the internal and external water seepage pressure.

[0062] The first impermeable coating 40 is formed by scraping a single-component polyurea and is bonded to the side and bottom walls of the filling groove 12 and the isolation plate 20 by an interface agent. The second impermeable coating 50 consists of scraped single-component polyurea and a base fabric. The base fabric is placed inside the single-component polyurea during the scraping process to disperse stress concentration and ensure the uniformity of the single-component polyurea thickness. The second impermeable coating 50 is also bonded to the top wall of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30 and the surface of the lining concrete 10 near the filling groove 12 by an interface agent.

[0063] The compression-resistant component 60 includes a first limiting component 61 and a second limiting component 62 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the filling groove 12. The first limiting component 61 and the second limiting component 62 have the same structure but opposite directions. Here, only the structure of the first limiting component 61 is described.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 3 The first limiting component 61 includes a pressure plate 63 and a fixing member 64. The pressure plate 63 is placed on the second anti-seepage coating 50, with one end corresponding to the corresponding lining concrete 10 and fixedly connected to the corresponding lining concrete 10 through the fixing member 64, and the other end corresponding to the high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30. There is a gap between the two pressure plates 63 in the first limiting component 61 and the second limiting component 62. In this embodiment, the pressure plate 63 is in the form of a cantilever. Specifically, the end corresponding to the high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30 is in a cantilever state, and there is also a gap between the two pressure plates 63. It not only has a limiting function for the high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30 to bear the pressure of external water seepage, but also has a yielding function for the deformation of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30 to ensure that it can adapt to the deformation of the expansion joint.

[0065] The fastener 64 includes an anchor rod, a nut, and a washer. The anchor rod passes through the pressure plate 63 and the second impermeable coating 50 in sequence and is anchored in the corresponding lining concrete 10. The nut is threadedly connected to the anchor rod and is used to fix the pressure plate 63. The washer 65 is located between the nut and the pressure plate 63 to prevent the nut from loosening. In other embodiments of the present invention, the fastener 64 may also be a bolt, etc.

[0066] Preferably, the thickness of the pressure plate 63 gradually decreases from the end connected to the fastener 64 to the end corresponding to the high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30, and the end of the pressure plate 63 corresponding to the high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30 is curved, with the bending direction away from the high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30. The gradually decreasing thickness of the pressure plate 63, with a larger thickness near the fastener 64, ensures that the pressure plate 63 has greater bending strength when bent at this location, also ensures that the pressure plate 63 can be in close contact with the second waterproof coating 50 during bending, and also ensures that it can spring back after bending.

[0067] In this embodiment, the width of the filling groove 12 is 3-10cm and the depth is 2-5cm; the material of the isolation plate is a film or PVC sheet, etc., with a thickness of less than 1mm and a width 1-2cm less than the width of the filling groove 12; the thickness of the first anti-seepage coating 40 is 1-2mm; the thickness of the second anti-seepage coating 50 is not less than 4mm; the first anti-seepage coating 40 adopts a single-component polyurea (Type I), and the second anti-seepage coating adopts a single-component polyurea (Type II); the gap L1 between the two pressure plates is 1-2cm, the width L2 of the expansion joint is 3-10cm, and L2-L1≥2cm.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] This embodiment provides a construction method for constructing the surface waterproofing structure of the expansion joint of the water conveyance structure crossing a river or lake as described in Embodiment 1. The method specifically includes the following steps:

[0070] S1: Fill the expansion joint 11 between two adjacent lining concrete blocks 10 with flexible waterproofing material. The flexible waterproofing material can be polysulfide sealant, polyurethane, foam board, wood board, asphalt hemp, etc.

[0071] S2: A filling groove 12 is opened on the surface of two adjacent lining concrete blocks 10 near the expansion joint 11. The filling groove 12 is located at the top of the expansion joint 11 and is symmetrical about the expansion joint 11. Then, the inner wall of the filling groove 12 is leveled, cleaned and dried.

[0072] S3: Attach the isolation plate 20 to the bottom wall of the filling groove 12, ensuring that there is a gap between the two sides of the isolation plate 20 and the side wall of the filling groove 12. Preferably, ensure that the isolation plate 20 is symmetrical about the expansion joint 11.

[0073] S4: Apply interface agent 80 to the side and bottom walls of the filling tank 12 and the surface of the isolation plate 20. After the interface agent is surface dry, apply one or more layers of single-component polyurea to ensure that the final thickness of the single-component polyurea is 1-2 mm, forming the first anti-seepage coating. If two or more layers of single-component polyurea need to be applied, apply the next layer of single-component polyurea after the previous layer is surface dry.

[0074] S5: High-elasticity polyurea mortar material is poured into the filling groove 12, making the top of the high-elasticity polyurea mortar material flush with the surface of the lining concrete 10. After curing, the high-elasticity polyurea mortar material forms a high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30. In this embodiment, the technical indicators of the high-elasticity polyurea mortar material must meet the following conditions:

[0075] Table 1 Technical Specifications of High-Elasticity Polyurea Mortar Materials

[0076]

[0077] S6: Apply interface agent 80 to the top wall of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30 and the surface of the lining concrete 10 near the filling groove 12. After the interface agent 80 is surface dry, apply one or more layers of single-component polyurea, then attach the base fabric, and then apply one or more layers of single-component polyurea to make the thickness of the single-component polyurea not less than 4mm, forming a second anti-seepage coating. When applying the next layer of single-component polyurea, it should be done after the previous layer of single-component polyurea is surface dry.

[0078] In this embodiment, the first impermeable coating 40 is made of one-component polyurea (Type I), and the second impermeable coating is made of one-component polyurea (Type II). Each one-component polyurea must meet the following conditions:

[0079] Table 2 Main technical indicators of single-component polyurea

[0080]

[0081] S7: Install the pressure-resistant component 60. First, drill holes in the second impermeable coating 50 and the lining concrete 10; then place the pressure plate 63 on the second impermeable coating 50, with one end of the pressure plate 63 corresponding to the corresponding lining concrete 10 and the other end corresponding to the high-elasticity mortar caulking body 30; then, the anchor rod is passed through the pressure plate 63 and the second impermeable coating 50 in sequence and anchored in the lining concrete 10, and finally fixed with nuts and washers 65. The pressure plate 63 is fixed by fixing multiple sets of fasteners.

[0082] S8: After 1 to 3 days of natural curing, complete the construction of the entire water-stop structure.

[0083] This invention allows for the construction of water-stopping structures on the surface of expansion joints in water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes. It can be used for new dam construction or for the repair of water-stopping structures in existing dams. The surface construction is simple and convenient, with a short construction period, low cost, and effective control over construction quality (facilitating inspection and rework).

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surface waterproofing structure for expansion joints of water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes, characterized in that, include: The lining concrete of the water conveyance structure has an expansion joint between two adjacent lining concrete blocks, and the upper part of the expansion joint is provided with a filling groove. A partition plate, which is bonded to the bottom of the filling groove and covers the expansion joint; A high-elasticity mortar caulking compound, wherein the high-elasticity mortar caulking compound is filled in the filling groove; The first anti-seepage coating is located between the sidewalls and bottomwalls of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the sidewalls and bottomwalls of the filling groove and the isolation plate, and is bonded to the sidewalls and bottomwalls of the filling groove and the isolation plate. The second anti-seepage coating is bonded to the top wall of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the surface of the lining concrete near the filling groove. A compressive strength component, which is fixedly connected to the lining concrete and limits the high elasticity mortar joint sealant and the second anti-seepage coating; The anti-compression component includes a first limiting component and a second limiting component symmetrically arranged on both sides of the filling groove; Both the first limiting component and the second limiting component include a pressure plate and a fixing element; the pressure plate is located on the second anti-seepage coating, one end of the pressure plate is fixedly connected to the corresponding lining concrete through the fixing element, and the other end of the pressure plate corresponds to the high elastic mortar caulking body, and there is a gap L1 between the two pressure plates; The thickness of the pressure plate gradually decreases from the end connected to the fastener to the end corresponding to the high-elasticity mortar joint filler, and the end of the pressure plate corresponding to the high-elasticity mortar joint filler is curved in a direction away from the high-elasticity mortar joint filler.

2. The surface waterproofing structure of the expansion joint of a water conveyance structure crossing a river or lake as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The gap L1 between the two pressure plates is 1 to 2 cm, the width L2 of the expansion joint is 3 to 10 cm, and L2-L1≥2 cm.

3. The surface waterproofing structure of the expansion joint of a water conveyance structure crossing a river or lake as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first anti-seepage coating is bonded to the side and bottom walls of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the isolation plate by an interface agent; the second anti-seepage coating is bonded to the top wall of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the surface of the lining concrete near the expansion joint by an interface agent.

4. The surface waterproofing structure of the expansion joint of a water conveyance structure crossing a river or lake as described in claim 1, characterized in that, There are gaps between the two sides of the isolation plate and the sidewalls of the filling groove.

5. The surface waterproofing structure of the expansion joint of a water conveyance structure crossing a river or lake as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion joint is filled with flexible waterproofing material.

6. The surface waterproofing structure for expansion joints of water conveyance structures crossing rivers and lakes according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The first and second anti-seepage coatings are both made of single-component polyurea, and the second anti-seepage coating has a base fabric embedded inside; the thickness of the first anti-seepage coating is 1-2 mm; and the thickness of the second anti-seepage coating is not less than 4 mm.

7. A construction method for constructing the surface waterproofing structure of the expansion joint of a water conveyance structure crossing a river or lake as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: A filling groove is opened at the top of the expansion joint; S2: Adhere the isolation plate to the bottom wall of the filling groove so that the isolation plate covers the expansion joint; S3: Apply the first anti-seepage coating to the side and bottom walls of the filling groove and the isolation plate; S4: Fill the groove with high-elasticity mortar, and after curing, form a high-elasticity mortar caulking body; S5: Apply a second waterproof coating to the top wall of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the surface of the lining concrete near the expansion joint; S6: Apply a compressive strength component to the concrete surface to limit the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the second waterproof coating; S7: Allow to cure naturally for 1 to 3 days to complete the construction of the entire water-stop structure.

8. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Before step S1, fill the expansion joint with flexible waterproofing material; In step S1, after the filling groove is opened, the inside of the groove is leveled, cleaned, and dried. In step S2, when bonding the isolation plate, ensure that there are gaps between the two sides of the isolation plate and the sidewalls of the filling groove. In step S3, an interface agent is first applied to the sidewalls and bottomwalls of the filling tank and the isolation plate. After the interface agent is surface dry, one or more layers of single-component polyurea are scraped to make the thickness of the single-component polyurea 1-2 mm, forming the first anti-seepage coating. In step S5, an interface agent is first applied to the top wall of the high-elasticity mortar caulking body and the surface of the lining concrete near the filling groove. After the interface agent is surface dry, one or more layers of single-component polyurea are scraped on, then the base fabric is pasted on, and then one or more layers of single-component polyurea are scraped on to make the thickness of the single-component polyurea not less than 4mm, forming a second anti-seepage coating. In step S6, the pressure plate is placed on the second anti-seepage coating, with one end of the pressure plate corresponding to the corresponding lining concrete and the other end corresponding to the high-elasticity mortar caulking body. At the same time, the pressure plate is fixedly connected to the corresponding lining concrete by fasteners.

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