Use of phospholipids, nutritional composition, food and use thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of phospholipids for non-therapeutic purposes in promoting bone growth, development and health in human or animal bodies. The present invention also relates to a nutritional composition comprising phospholipids and lactoferrin, a food comprising the nutritional composition, and the use of the nutritional composition or food for non-therapeutic purposes in promoting bone growth, development and health in human or animal bodies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to the field of food. Specifically, the present invention relates to the use of phospholipids for non-therapeutic purposes in promoting bone growth, development and health in the human or animal body. The present invention also relates to a nutritional composition comprising phospholipids and lactoferrin, a food comprising the nutritional composition, and the use of the nutritional composition or food for non-therapeutic purposes in promoting bone growth, development and health in the human or animal body. Background Art

[0002] Bone is a highly active connective tissue that can repair its own micro-damage through bone metabolism and bone remodeling, and maintain the homeostatic balance of bone structure, load and calcium content. At the same time, bone also regulates metabolic processes as an endocrine organ and is an important organ for maintaining human life. From the neonatal period, bone mass increases with age until the bone matures and reaches its peak in adolescence. Studies have found that paying attention to increasing bone mass during adolescence can achieve individual peak bone mass in adolescence. Therefore, the growth and development of bones during adolescence is crucial to bone maturation. Studies have pointed out that bone mineral density (BMD) during adolescence determines the peak bone mass and subsequent bone loss rate in adulthood. Reduced BMD can lead to insufficient bone mass, thereby causing a series of bone diseases such as rickets and osteomalacia, which seriously affects the bone health of adolescents. During this period, nutritional supplementation is an important factor affecting the peak bone mass. The intake of nutrients can increase the peak bone mass and promote bone formation.

[0003] Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease caused by various reasons, which is particularly harmful to the health and quality of life of the elderly. Bone remodeling is a complex biological process. Osteoclasts in bone tissue complete the bone absorption function, while osteoblasts dominate the bone formation function. Once the balance between the two is broken, it will cause bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis. At present, drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis mainly slow down bone loss and restore bone metabolism balance by inhibiting bone absorption and stimulating bone formation. Food raw materials without side effects are particularly important in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

[0004] Therefore, seeking a natural functional nutrient to improve BMD in adolescents and increase bone formation is of great significance for increasing bone mass, preventing bone diseases such as adolescent fractures and osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly people, and maintaining bone health. Summary of the invention

[0005] One object of the present invention is to provide a non-therapeutic use of phospholipids in promoting bone growth and health in the human or animal body, such as improving bone density.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a nutritional composition comprising phospholipids and lactoferrin.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a food product comprising the nutritional composition.

[0008] A further object of the present invention is to provide a non-therapeutic use of the nutritional composition or food in promoting bone growth and health in the human or animal body, such as improving bone density.

[0009] In particular, the present invention is achieved by:

[0010] 1. The use of phospholipids for non-therapeutic purposes in promoting bone growth and health in humans or animals, such as improving bone density, wherein the phospholipids include glycerophospholipids or consist of glycerophospholipids.

[0011] 2. The use according to item 1, wherein the glycerophospholipid is represented by the following formula:

[0012]

[0013] wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a C2-C 24 Carbon chain; X is a residue derived from an amino alcohol or inositol represented by the free formula XOH.

[0014] 3. The use according to item 2, wherein the amino alcohol is choline, ethanolamine, or serine.

[0015] 4. The use according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the phospholipid comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, serine phospholipids, and phosphatidylinositol.

[0016] 5. The use according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the phospholipid comprises phosphatidylcholine, and optionally comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine, serine phospholipids, phosphatidylinositol and sphingomyelin.

[0017] 6. The use according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the phospholipid comprises or consists of: relative to the total mass of the phospholipid,

[0018] 15.0-100% by mass, for example 25.0-100% by mass, for example 50.0-100% by mass, for example 75.0-100% by mass, for example 85.0-100% by mass, for example 90.0-100% by mass, for example 95.0-100% by mass of phosphatidylcholine;

[0019] 0-35.0% by mass, such as 0-30.0% by mass, such as 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of sphingomyelin;

[0020] 0-40.0% by mass, for example 0-35.0% by mass, for example 0-30.0% by mass, for example 0-20.0% by mass, for example 0-10.0% by mass, for example 0-5.0% by mass, for example 0-3.0% by mass, for example 0-1.0% by mass of phosphatidylethanolamine;

[0021] 0-15.0% by mass, such as 0-12.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of serine phospholipids; and

[0022] 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-15.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of phosphatidylinositol.

[0023] 7. The use according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the phospholipid is a plant-derived phospholipid and / or an animal-derived phospholipid.

[0024] 8. The use according to item 7, wherein the plant-derived phospholipid is a plant phospholipid derived from one or more of soybean, and / or coconut, and / or flaxseed, and / or walnut, and / or sunflower seed.

[0025] 9. The use according to item 7, wherein the plant-derived phospholipid is provided by one or more of soybean oil, and / or coconut oil, and / or linseed oil, and / or walnut oil, and / or soybean lecithin, and / or sunflower lecithin, and / or sunflower seed oil, or one or more of the food raw materials made therefrom.

[0026] 10. The use according to item 7, wherein the plant-derived lecithin is soybean lecithin.

[0027] 11. The use according to item 7, wherein the animal-derived phospholipid is a phospholipid derived from one or more of cow's milk, and / or goat's milk, and / or egg yolk.

[0028] 12. The use according to item 11, wherein the cow's milk and / or goat's milk lecithin is provided in the form of milk lecithin powder and / or whey powder enriched with milk lecithin.

[0029] 13. The use according to any one of items 1 to 12, wherein the promotion of bone growth, development and health comprises one or more of the following: improving osteoporosis, repairing cartilage damage, and repairing osteogenesis damage.

[0030] 14. A nutritional composition comprising phospholipids and lactoferrin, wherein the phospholipids comprise or consist of glycerophospholipids.

[0031] 15. The nutritional composition according to item 14, wherein the glycerophospholipid is represented by the following formula:

[0032]

[0033] wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a C2-C 24 Carbon chain; X is a residue derived from an amino alcohol or inositol represented by the free formula XOH.

[0034] 16. The nutritional composition according to item 15, wherein the amino alcohol is choline, ethanolamine, or serine.

[0035] 17. The nutritional composition according to any one of items 14 to 16, wherein the phospholipids comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, serine phospholipids, and phosphatidylinositol.

[0036] 18. The nutritional composition according to any one of items 14 to 17, wherein the phospholipids comprise phosphatidylcholine, and optionally comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine, serine phospholipids, phosphatidylinositol and sphingomyelin.

[0037] 19. The nutritional composition according to any one of items 14 to 18, wherein the phospholipids comprise or consist of: relative to the total mass of the phospholipids,

[0038] 15.0-100% by mass, for example 25.0-100% by mass, for example 50.0-100% by mass, for example 75.0-100% by mass, for example 85.0-100% by mass, for example 90.0-100% by mass, for example 95.0-100% by mass of phosphatidylcholine;

[0039] 0-35.0% by mass, such as 0-30.0% by mass, such as 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of sphingomyelin;

[0040] 0-40.0% by mass, for example 0-35.0% by mass, for example 0-30.0% by mass, for example 0-20.0% by mass, for example 0-10.0% by mass, for example 0-5.0% by mass, for example 0-3.0% by mass, for example 0-1.0% by mass of phosphatidylethanolamine;

[0041] 0-15.0% by mass, such as 0-12.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of serine phospholipids; and

[0042] 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-15.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of phosphatidylinositol.

[0043] 20. The nutritional composition according to any one of items 14 to 19, consisting of phospholipids and lactoferrin.

[0044] 21. The nutritional composition according to any one of items 14 to 20, wherein the phospholipids are of plant origin and / or animal origin.

[0045] 22. The nutritional composition according to item 21, wherein the plant-derived phospholipids are plant phospholipids derived from one or more of soy, and / or coconut, and / or flaxseed, and / or walnut, and / or sunflower seeds.

[0046] 23. The nutritional composition according to item 21, wherein the plant-derived phospholipids are provided by one or more of soybean oil, and / or coconut oil, and / or flaxseed oil, and / or walnut oil, and / or soybean lecithin, and / or sunflower lecithin, and / or sunflower seed oil, or one or more of the food ingredients made therefrom.

[0047] 24. The nutritional composition according to item 21, wherein the vegetable-derived lecithin is soy lecithin.

[0048] 25. The nutritional composition according to item 21, wherein the animal-derived phospholipids are phospholipids derived from one or more of cow's milk, and / or goat's milk, and / or egg yolk.

[0049] 26. The use according to item 25, wherein the cow's milk and / or goat's milk lecithin is provided in the form of milk lecithin powder and / or whey powder enriched with milk lecithin.

[0050] 27. The nutritional composition according to any one of items 14 to 26, wherein the lactoferrin is derived from or provided in the form of a nutritional ingredient rich in lactoferrin, such as concentrated whey protein powder rich in lactoferrin and / or lactoferrin powder, etc., preferably lactoferrin powder.

[0051] 28. The nutritional composition according to any one of items 14 to 27, wherein the amount of lactoferrin relative to 1 part by mass of phospholipid is 0.005-15 parts by mass, preferably 0.01-10 parts by mass, preferably 0.05-10 parts by mass, preferably 0.05-5 parts by mass, preferably 0.05-1 part by mass, preferably 0.05-0.5 parts by mass.

[0052] 29. Food comprising the nutritional composition according to any one of items 14 to 28.

[0053] 30. The food product according to item 29, wherein the food product is in powder form or liquid form.

[0054] 31. The food according to any one of items 29 to 30, wherein the food is a formula food or dietary supplement for infants, children, pregnant women, the elderly.

[0055] 32. The food according to any one of items 29 to 31, wherein the nutritional composition is added in an amount such that, relative to the total mass of the food, the mass content of the phospholipids is 0.02-2.0%, preferably 0.04-1.0%, and the mass content of the lactoferrin is 0.002-1.2%, preferably 0.004-0.8%.

[0056] 33. The food according to any one of items 29 to 32, wherein the amount of lactoferrin is 0.05-5 parts by mass, preferably 0.05-1 part by mass, preferably 0.05-0.5 parts by mass per 1 part by mass of phospholipid, and the content of phospholipid is 0.04-1.0% by mass and the content of lactoferrin is 0.004-0.8% by mass relative to the total mass of the food.

[0057] 34. Use of the nutritional composition according to any one of items 14 to 28 or the food according to any one of items 29 to 33 for non-therapeutic purposes in promoting bone growth and health in humans or animals, such as improving bone density.

[0058] 35. The use according to item 34, wherein the promotion of bone growth, development and health comprises one or more of the following: improving osteoporosis, repairing cartilage damage, and repairing osteogenesis damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 A graph showing the fluorescence intensity of zebrafish vertebrae after different treatments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] Unless otherwise specified, the meanings of the technical terms in this specification are the same as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. However, if there is any conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0061] As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings.

[0062] The term "infant" refers to a human between 0 and 6 months of age.

[0063] The term "older infant" refers to persons 6 to 12 months of age.

[0064] The term "young child" refers to a person between 12 and 36 months of age.

[0065] The term "infant" refers to a human aged 0-36 months.

[0066] The term "child" refers to a person aged 3-6 years.

[0067] The term "juvenile" refers to a person aged 7-17 years.

[0068] The term "youth" refers to persons aged 18-40 years.

[0069] The term "adolescent" refers to persons aged 7-40 years.

[0070] The term "middle-aged" refers to persons aged 41-65 years.

[0071] The term "elderly" or "senior citizen" refers to persons over the age of 65 years.

[0072] The term "infant formula" used herein covers infant formula, follow-on formula and toddler formula. Generally, infant formula is used as a breast milk substitute from birth, follow-on formula is used as a breast milk substitute from 6-12 months after the birth of the infant, and toddler formula refers to a breast milk substitute from 12-36 months after the birth of the infant.

[0073] The term "infant formula" refers to a liquid or powdered product made from milk and milk protein products or soybeans and soybean protein products as the main raw materials, with appropriate amounts of vitamins, minerals and / or other ingredients added, and produced and processed only by physical methods. It is suitable for normal infants to eat, and its energy and nutritional components can meet the normal nutritional needs of infants aged 0-6 months.

[0074] The term "follow-up infant formula" refers to a liquid or powdered product made from milk and milk protein products or soy and soy protein products as the main raw materials, with appropriate amounts of vitamins, minerals and / or other ingredients added, and produced and processed only by physical methods. It is suitable for older infants, and its energy and nutritional components can meet part of the nutritional needs of normal older infants aged 6-12 months.

[0075] The term "infant formula food" refers to a liquid or powdered product made from milk and milk protein products or soybeans and soybean protein products as the main raw materials, with appropriate amounts of vitamins, minerals and / or other ingredients added, and produced and processed only by physical methods. It is suitable for infants to eat, and its energy and nutritional components can meet part of the nutritional needs of normal infants aged 12-36 months.

[0076] The term "breast milk" is to be understood as mother's breast milk or colostrum.

[0077] The term "exclusively breastfed infant or young child" has its usual meaning and refers to an infant who derives a substantial portion of his or her nutrients and / or energy from human breast milk.

[0078] The term "infants / older infants / young children fed mainly with infant formula" has the usual meaning, referring to infants or young children whose nutritional source of nutrients and / or energy mainly comes from infant formula, older infant milk or growing-up milk produced and processed by physical methods. The term "mainly" means at least 50%, such as at least 75%, of those nutrients and / or energy.

[0079] In addition, in the context of the present invention, the term "comprising" or "including" does not exclude other possible elements. The composition of the present invention (including the various embodiments described herein) may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the following elements: the basic elements and necessary limitations of the present invention described herein, and any other or optional ingredients, components, or limitations described herein or otherwise as required.

[0080] The individual described in the present invention is applicable to normal humans, and can be an infant and / or an older infant, and / or a toddler, and / or a child, and / or a young person, and / or a middle-aged person, and / or an elderly person.

[0081] Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages are by mass.

[0082] Now the present invention will be described in more detail. It should be noted that the various aspects, features, embodiments, examples and advantages described in the present application may be compatible and / or may be combined together.

[0083] The present invention relates to the non-therapeutic use of phospholipids in promoting the growth and development of bones and health of human or animal bodies, such as improving bone density, a nutritional composition comprising phospholipids and lactoferrin, a food comprising the nutritional composition, and the non-therapeutic use of the nutritional composition or food in promoting the growth and development of bones and health of human or animal bodies, such as improving bone density.

[0084] The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0085] Uses of phospholipids

[0086] In one aspect, the present invention provides the use of phospholipids for non-therapeutic purposes (nutrition and health care) in promoting bone growth and health in the human or animal body, such as improving bone density.

[0087] Phospholipids are the main components of biological membranes and cell membranes, and play a vital role in physiological processes such as the entry and exit of substances inside and outside cells and the excretion of metabolites. Phospholipids have significant effects in promoting nerve signal conduction, improving brain vitality, delaying body aging, preventing vascular sclerosis and anti-thrombosis, so they are known as "brain gold" and "vascular scavenger". After phospholipids enter the body, they can be hydrolyzed into glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and various amino alcohols by various phospholipases. A large number of studies have shown that phosphatidylcholine has the ability to excite brain nerve cells and strengthen the rapid development of brain nerve synapses, and has a significant effect on improving cognitive dysfunction. At present, there is no relevant research on its effect on bone growth and development in the existing technology.

[0088] However, the inventors have found that some phospholipids also have new functions of promoting bone growth and health, such as improving bone density and improving osteoporosis, thus meeting the market demand for bone strengthening functions.

[0089] In the context of the present invention, the term "phospholipid" is a general term for the various components of phospholipids. Phospholipids, also known as phospholipids and phospholipids, refer to lipids containing phosphoric acid and belong to complex lipids. Phospholipids are composed of five elements: C, H, O, N, and P. They are the main components of biological membranes and are characterized by producing a mixture containing fatty acids and phosphoric acid after hydrolysis. Phospholipids are amphiphilic molecules with a hydrophilic nitrogen or phosphorus head at one end and a hydrophobic (lipophilic) long hydrocarbon chain at the other end. For this reason, the hydrophilic ends of phospholipid molecules are close to each other, and the hydrophobic ends are close to each other, and they often form a phospholipid bilayer, i.e., the structure of the cell membrane, together with other molecules such as proteins, glycolipids, and cholesterol.

[0090] In one embodiment, the phospholipid comprises or consists of glycerophospholipid.

[0091] In other words, the phospholipids include the following phospholipids: it contains a structure in which one molecule of glycerol is bonded to two molecules of fatty acid and one molecule of phosphatidic acid, wherein two hydroxyl groups of the glycerol are bonded to the two molecules of fatty acid, and the other hydroxyl group is bonded to the phosphatidic acid, the phosphatidic acid part contains one free acid hydroxyl group, and the other acid hydroxyl group can be a free acid hydroxyl group or form an ester structure with amino alcohol or inositol.

[0092] In one embodiment, the glycerophospholipid can be represented by the following formula:

[0093]

[0094] wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a C2-C 24 (e.g. C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C 10 , C 11 , C 12 , C13 , C 14 , C 15 , C 16 , C 17 , C 18 , C 19 , C 20 , C 21 , C 22 , C 23 , C 24 , or a range defined by any two of them) carbon chain; X is a residue derived from an amino alcohol (such as choline, ethanolamine, serine) or inositol represented by the free formula XOH.

[0095] In one embodiment, the phospholipids include one or more selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylcholine (also known as phosphatidylcholine) (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (also known as cephalin) (PE), serine phospholipids (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI).

[0096] In one embodiment, the phospholipids include phosphatidylcholine (also known as egg phospholipids) (PC), and optionally include one or more selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine (also known as cephalin) (PE), serine phospholipids (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI).

[0097] In one embodiment, the phospholipids may optionally further include sphingomyelin.

[0098] In one embodiment, the phospholipids include phosphatidylcholine (also known as egg phospholipids) (PC), and optionally include one or more selected from the following: phosphatidylethanolamine (also known as cephalin) (PE), serine phospholipids (also known as phosphatidylserine) (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and sphingomyelin.

[0099] In one embodiment, the phospholipids may optionally further include other edible phospholipids, such as one or more of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol (also known as cardiolipin), and the like.

[0100] In one embodiment, the phospholipids include, mainly include, essentially consist of, or consist of: relative to the total mass of the phospholipids,

[0101] 15.0-100% by mass, for example 25.0-100% by mass, for example 50.0-100% by mass, for example 75.0-100% by mass, for example 85.0-100% by mass, for example 90.0-100% by mass, for example 95.0-100% by mass of phosphatidylcholine (also known as lecithin) (PC);

[0102] 0-35.0% by mass, such as 0-30.0% by mass, such as 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of sphingomyelin (also called sphingomyelin) (SM);

[0103] 0-40.0% by mass, for example 0-35.0% by mass, for example 0-30.0% by mass, for example 0-20.0% by mass, for example 0-10.0% by mass, for example 0-5.0% by mass, for example 0-3.0% by mass, for example 0-1.0% by mass of phosphatidylethanolamine (also known as cephalin) (PE);

[0104] 0-15.0% by mass, such as 0-12.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of serine phospholipids (PS); and

[0105] 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-15.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of phosphatidylinositol (PI).

[0106] In one embodiment, the phospholipids may also optionally contain other edible phospholipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol (also known as cardiolipin), etc., which together with the above-mentioned phospholipids (i.e., phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine, serine phospholipids and phosphatidylinositol) add up to 100% by mass; and preferably, the total amount does not exceed 50% of the phospholipids, for example, no more than 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 12%, 10%, 8%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5% by mass.

[0107] In one embodiment, the phospholipids are composed of: relative to the total mass of the phospholipids,

[0108] 15.0-100% by mass, for example 25.0-100% by mass, for example 50.0-100% by mass, for example 75.0-100% by mass, for example 85.0-100% by mass, for example 90.0-100% by mass, for example 95.0-100% by mass of phosphatidylcholine;

[0109] 0-35.0% by mass, such as 0-30.0% by mass, such as 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of sphingomyelin;

[0110] 0-40.0% by mass, for example 0-35.0% by mass, for example 0-30.0% by mass, for example 0-20.0% by mass, for example 0-10.0% by mass, for example 0-5.0% by mass, for example 0-3.0% by mass, for example 0-1.0% by mass of phosphatidylethanolamine;

[0111] 0-15.0% by mass, such as 0-12.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of serine phospholipids; and

[0112] 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-15.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of phosphatidylinositol.

[0113] In this document, when not otherwise specified, the term "mainly" should be understood to mean accounting for more than 50% by mass of the mentioned substance, for example, it can be more than 60% by mass, more than 70% by mass, more than 75% by mass, more than 80% by mass, more than 85% by mass, more than 90% by weight, or more than 95% by mass.

[0114] Herein, when not otherwise stated, the term “substantially” should be understood to mean at least 85% by mass of the substance mentioned, for example, at least 90% by mass, at least 95% by mass, 90%-99.9% by mass.

[0115] In one embodiment, the amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) relative to the total mass of the phospholipid can be 15.0-100% by mass, such as 25.0-100% by mass, such as 50.0-100% by mass, such as 75.0-100% by mass, such as 85.0-100% by mass, such as 90.0-100% by mass, such as 95.0-100% by mass. For example, the amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) relative to the total mass of the phospholipids may be 15.0, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6, 15.7, 15.8, 15.9, 16.0, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5, 16.6, 16.7, 16.8, 16.9, 17.0, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4, 17.5, 17.6, 17.7, 17.8, 17.9, 18.0, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.7, 18.8, 18.9, .7, 18.8, 18.9, 19.0, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6, 19.7, 19.8, 19.9, 20.0, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 20.5, 20.6, 20.7, 20.8, 20.9, 21.0, 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, 21.4, 21.5, 21.6, 21.7, 21.8, 21.9, 22.0, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 22.4, 22.5, 22.6, 22.7, 22.8, 22.9, 23.0 , 23.1, 23.2, 23.3, 23.4, 23.5, 23.6, 23.7, 23.8, 23.9, 24.0, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4, 24.5, 24.6, 24.7, 24.8, 24.9, 25.0, 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.8, 25.9, 26.0, 26.1, 26.2, 26.3, 26.4, 26.5, 26.6, 26.7, 26.8, 26.9, 27.0, 27.1, 27.2, 27.3, 2 7.4, 27.5, 27.6, 27.7, 27.8, 27.9, 28.0, 28.1, 28.2, 28.3, 28.4, 28.5, 28.6, 28.7, 28.8, 28.9, 29.0, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 29.4, 29.5, 29.6, 29.7, 29.8, 29.9, 30.0, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 30.5, 30.6, 30.7, 30.8, 30.9, 31.0, 31.1, 31.2, 31.3, 31.4, 31.5, 31.6, 31.7、31.8、31.9、32.0、32.1、32.2、32.3、32.4、32.5、32.6、32.7、32.8、32.9、33.0、33.1、33.2、33.3、33.4、33.5、33.6、33.7、33.8、33.9、34.0、34.1、34.2、34.3、34.4、34.5、34.6、34.7、34.8、34.9、35.0、35.1、35.2、35.3、35.4、35.5、35.6、35.7、35.8、35.9、36.0、36.1、36.2、36.3、36.4、36.5、36.6、36.7、36.8、36.9、37.0、37.1、37.2、37.3、37.4、37.5、37.6、37.7、37.8、37.9、38.0、38.1、38.2、38.3、38.4、38.5、38.6、38.7、38.8、38.9、39.0、39.1、39.2、39.3、39.4、39.5、39.6、39.7、39.8、39.9、40.0、40.1、40.2、40.3、40.4、40.5、40.6、40.7、40.8、40.9、41.0、41.1、41.2、41.3、41.4、41.5、41.6、41.7、41.8、41.9、42.0、42.1、42.2、42.3、42.4、42.5、42.6、42.7、42.8、42.9、43.0、43.1、43.2、43.3、43.4、43.5、43.6、43.7、43.8、43.9、44.0、44.1、44.2、44.3、44.4、44.5、44.6、44.7、44.8、44.9、45.0、45.1、45.2、45.3、45.4、45.5、45.6、45.7、45.8、45.9、46.0、46.1、46.2、46.3、46.4、46.5、46.6、46.7、46.8、46.9、47.0、47.1、47.2、47.3、47.4、47.5、47.6、47.7、47.8、47.9、48.0、48.1、48.2、48.3、48.4、48.5、48.6、48.7、48.8、48.9、49.0、49.1、49.2、49.3、49.4、49.5、49.6、49.7、49.8、49.9、50.0、50.1、50.2、50.3、50.4、50.5、50.6、50.7、50.8、50.9、51.0、51.1、51.2、51.3、51.4、51.5、51.6、51.7、51.8、51.9、52.0、52.1、52.2、52.3、52.4、52.5、52.6、52.7、52.8、52.9、53.0、53.1、53.2、53.3、53.4、53.5、53.6、53.7、53.8、53.9、54.0、54.1、54.2、54.3、54.4、54.5、54.6、54.7、54.8、54.9、55.0、55.1、55.2、55.3、55.4、55.5、55.6、55.7、55.8、55.9、56.0、56.1、56.2、56.3、56.4、56.5、56.6、56.7、56.8、56.9、57.0、57.1、57.2、57.3、57.4、57.5、57.6、57.7、57.8、57.9、58.0、58.1、58.2、58.3、58.4、58.5、58.6、58.7、58.8、58.9、59.0、59.1、59.2、59.3、59.4、59.5、59.6、59.7、59.8、59.9、60.0、60.1、60.2、60.3、60.4、60.5、60.6、60.7、60.8、60.9、61.0、61.1、61.2、61.3、61.4、61.5、61.6、61.7、61.8、61.9、62.0、62.1、62.2、62.3、62.4、62.5、62.6、62.7、62.8、62.9、63.0、63.1、63.2、63.3、63.4、63.5、63.6、63.7、63.8、63.9、64.0、64.1、64.2、64.3、64.4、64.5、64.6、64.7、64.8、64.9、65.0、65.1、65.2、65.3、65.4、65.5、65.6、65.7、65.8、65.9、66.0、66.1、66.2、66.3、66.4、66.5、66.6、66.7、66.8、66.9、67.0、67.1、67.2、67.3、67.4、67.5、67.6、67.7、67.8、67.9、68.0、68.1、68.2、68.3、68.4、68.5、68.6、68.7、68.8、68.9、69.0、69.1、69.2、69.3、69.4、69.5、69.6、69.7、69.8、69.9、70.0、70.1、70.2、70.3、70.4、70.5、70.6、70.7、70.8、70.9、71.0、71.1、71.2、71.3、71.4、71.5、71.6、71.7、71.8、71.9、72.0、72.1、72.2、72.3、72.4、72.5、72.6、72.7、72.8、72.9、73.0、73.1、73.2、73.3、73.4、73.5、73.6、73.7、73.8、73.9、74.0、74.1、74.2、74.3、74.4、74.5、74.6、74.7、74.8、74.9、75.0、75.1、75.2、75.3、75.4、75.5、75.6、75.7、75.8、75.9、76.0、76.1、76.2、76.3、76.4、76.5、76.6、76.7、76.8、76.9、77.0、77.1、77.2、77.3、77.4、77.5、77.6、77.7、77.8、77.9、78.0、78.1、78.2、78.3、78.4、78.5、78.6、78.7、78.8、78.9、79.0、79.1、79.2、79.3、79.4、79.5、79.6、79.7、79.8、79.9、80.0、80.1、80.2、80.3、80.4、80.5、80.6、80.7、80.8、80.9、81.0、81.1、81.2、81.3、81.4、81.5、81.6、81.7、81.8、81.9、82.0、82.1、82.2、82.3、82.4、82.5、82.6、82.7、82.8、82.9、83.0、83.1、83.2、83.3、83.4、83.5、83.6、83.7、83.8、83.9、84.0、84.1、84.2、84.3、84.4、84.5、84.6、84.7、84.8、84.9、85.0、85.1、85.2、85.3、85.4、85.5、85.6、85.7、85.8、85.9、86.0、86.1、86.2、86.3、86.4、86.5、86.6、86.7、86.8、86.9、87.0、87.1、87.2、87.3、87.4、87.5、87.6、87.7、87.8、87.9、88.0、88.1、88.2、88.3、88.4、88.5、88.6、88.7、88.8、88.9、89.0、89.1、89.2、89.3、89.4、89.5、89.6、89.7、89.8、89.9、90.0、90.1、90.2、90.3、90.4、90.5、90.6、90.7、90.8、90.9、91.0、91.1、91.2、91.3、91.4、91.5、91.6、91.7, 91.8, 91.9, 92.0, 92.1, 92.2, 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, 92.6, 92.7, 92.8, 92.9, 93.0, 93.1, 93.2, 93.3, 93.4, 93.5, 93.6, 93.7, 93.8, 93.9, 94.0, 94.1, 94.2, 94.3, 94.4, 94.5, 94.6, 94.7, 94.8, 94.9, 95.0, 95.1, 95.2, 95.3, 95.4, 95.5, 95.6, 95.7, 95.8, 95.9, 96.0, 96.1, 96.2, 96.3, 96.4, 96.5, 96.6, 96.7, 96.8, 96.9, 97.0, 97.1, 97.2, 97.3, 97.4, 97.5, 97.6, 97.7, 97.8, 97.9, 98.0, 98.1, 98.2, 98.3, 98.4, 98.5, 98.6, 98.7, 98.8, 98.9, 99.0, 99.1, 99.2, 99.3, 99.4, 99.5, 99.6, 99.7, 99.8, 99.9, 100% by mass, or a range defined by any two of them.

[0116] In one embodiment, the amount of sphingomyelin relative to the total mass of the phospholipids can be 0-35.0% by mass, such as 0-30.0% by mass, such as 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass. For example, the amount of sphingomyelin relative to the total mass of the phospholipids can be 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0 .0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10. 4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 11.0, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 12.0, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 13.0, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 14.0, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 15.0, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6, 15.7, 15.8, 15.9, 16.0, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5, 16.6, 16.7, 16.8, 16.9, 17.0, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4, 17.5, 17.6, 17.7, 17.8, 17.9, 18.0, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.7, 18.8, 18.9, 19.0, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6, 19.7, 19.8, 19.9, 20.0, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 20.5, 20.6, 20.7, 20.8, 20.9, 21.0, 21.1, 21.2, 21.3, 21.4, 21.5, 21.6, 21.7, 21.8, 21.9, 22.0, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 22.4, 22.5, 22.6, 22.7, 22.8, 22.9, 23.0, 23.1, 23.2, 23.3 , 23.4, 23.5, 23.6, 23.7, 23.8, 23.9, 24.0, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4, 24.5, 24.6, 24.7, 24.8, 24.9, 25.0, 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 25.4, 25.5, 25.6, 25.7, 25.8, 25.9, 26.0, 26.1, 26.2, 26.3, 26.4, 26.5, 26.6, 26.7, 26.8, 26.9, 27.0, 27.1, 27.2, 27.3, 27.4、27.5、27.6、27.7、27.8、27.9、28.0、28.1、28.2、28.3、28.4、28.5、28.6、28.7、28.8、28.9、29.0、29.1、29.2、29.3、29.4、29.5、29.6、29.7、29.8、29.9、30.0、30.1、30.2、30.3、30.4、30.5、30.6、30.7、30.8、30.9、31.0、31.1、31.2、31.3、3 1.4, 31.5, 31.6, 31.7, 31.8, 31.9, 32.0, 32.1, 32.2, 32.3, 32.4, 32.5, 32.6, 32.7, 32.8, 32.9, 33.0, 33.1, 33.2, 33.3, 33.4, 33.5, 33.6, 33.7, 33.8, 33.9, 34.0, 34.1, 34.2, 34.3, 34.4, 34.5, 34.6, 34.7, 34.8, 34.9, 35.0% by mass, or a range defined by any two of them.

[0117] In one embodiment, the amount of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) relative to the total mass of the phospholipid can be 0-40.0% by mass, such as 0-35.0% by mass, such as 0-30.0% by mass, such as 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass. For example, the amount of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) relative to the total mass of the phospholipids can be 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, .7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 10. .1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 11.0, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 12.0, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 13.0, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 14.0, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 15.0, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6, 15.7, 15.8, 15.9, 16.0, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5, 16.6, 16.7, 16.8, 16.9, 17.0, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4, 17.5, 17.6, 17.7, 17.8, 17.9, 18.0, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5, 18.6, 18.7, 18.8、18.9、19.0、19.1、19.2、19.3、19.4、19.5、19.6、19.7、19.8、19.9、20.0、20.1、20.2、20.3、20.4、20.5、20.6、20.7、20.8、20.9、21.0、21.1、21.2、21.3、21.4、21.5、21.6、21.7、21.8、21.9、22.0、22.1、22.2、22.3、22.4、22.5、22.6、22.7、22.8、22.9、23.0、23.1、23.2、23.3、23.4、23.5、23.6、23.7、23.8、23.9、24.0、24.1、24.2、24.3、24.4、24.5、24.6、24.7、24.8、24.9、25.0、25.1、25.2、25.3、25.4、25.5、25.6、25.7、25.8、25.9、26.0、26.1、26.2、26.3、26.4、26.5、26.6、26.7、26.8、26.9、27.0、27.1、27.2、27.3、27.4、27.5、27.6、27.7、27.8、27.9、28.0、28.1、28.2、28.3、28.4、28.5、28.6、28.7、28.8、28.9、29.0、29.1、29.2、29.3、29.4、29.5、29.6、29.7、29.8、29.9、30.0、30.1、30.2、30.3、30.4、30.5、30.6、30.7、30.8、30.9、31.0、31.1、31.2、31.3、31.4、31.5、31.6、31.7、31.8、31.9、32.0、32.1、32.2、32.3、32.4、32.5、32.6、32.7、32.8、32.9、33.0、33.1、33.2、33.3、33.4、33.5、33.6、33.7、33.8、33.9、34.0、34.1、34.2、34.3、34.4、34.5、34.6、34.7、34.8、34.9、35.0、35.1、35.2、35.3、35.4、35.5、35.6、35.7、35.8、35.9、36.0、36.1、36.2、36.3、36.4、36.5、36.6、36.7、36.8、36.9、37.0、37.1、37.2、37.3、37.4、37.5、37.6、37.7、37.8、37.9、38.0、38.1、38.2、38.3、38.4、38.5、38.6、38.7、38.8, 38.9, 39.0, 39.1, 39.2, 39.3, 39.4, 39.5, 39.6, 39.7, 39.8, 39.9, 40.0% by mass, or a range defined by any two of them.

[0118] In one embodiment, the amount of serine phospholipids (PS) relative to the total mass of the phospholipids can be 0-15.0% by mass, such as 0-12.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass. For example, relative to the total mass of the phospholipids, the amount of serine phospholipids (PS) can be 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0 , 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 11.0, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11. 9, 12.0, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 13.0, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 14.0, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 15.0% by mass, or a range defined by any two of them.

[0119] In one embodiment, the amount of phosphatidylinositol (PI) relative to the total mass of the phospholipids can be 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-15.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass.For example, the amount of phosphatidylinositol (PI) relative to the total mass of the phospholipids can be 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.8, 7.9 2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10. 9, 11.0, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 12.0, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 13.0, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 14.0, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 15.0, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6, 19.0, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6, 19.7, 19.8, 19.9, 20.0% by mass, or a range defined by any two of them.

[0120] In one embodiment, the phospholipid is a plant-derived phospholipid and / or an animal-derived phospholipid. In one embodiment, the phospholipid can be a plant-derived phospholipid. In one embodiment, the phospholipid can be an animal-derived phospholipid. In one embodiment, the phospholipid can be a plant-derived phospholipid and an animal-derived phospholipid.

[0121] In one embodiment, the plant-derived lecithin is a plant lecithin derived from one or more of soybean, and / or coconut, and / or flaxseed, and / or walnut, and / or sunflower seed.

[0122] In one embodiment, the plant-derived lecithin can be provided by one or more of soybean oil, and / or coconut oil, and / or linseed oil, and / or walnut oil, and / or soybean lecithin, and / or sunflower lecithin, and / or sunflower seed oil, or one or more of the food raw materials made therefrom.

[0123] In one embodiment, the phospholipid or plant-derived phospholipid may be soybean lecithin.

[0124] In one embodiment, the phospholipid or plant-derived phospholipid may be soybean-derived phosphatidylcholine (or soy lecithin).

[0125] In one embodiment, the animal-derived phospholipid is phospholipid derived from one or more of cow's milk, and / or goat's milk, and / or egg yolk.

[0126] In one embodiment, the bovine and / or goat milk lecithin may be provided in the form of milk lecithin powder and / or whey powder enriched with milk lecithin.

[0127] The phospholipids of animal origin and the glycerophospholipids contained in the phospholipids of plant origin have close or similar components and compositions.

[0128] In one embodiment, said promoting bone growth, development and health comprises improving bone density.

[0129] In one embodiment, the promotion of bone growth, development and health includes one or more of the following: improving osteoporosis, repairing cartilage damage, and repairing osteogenic damage.

[0130] In one embodiment, the promoting bone growth and development includes: promoting human bone growth, development and health, including promoting bone growth, development and health in infants, children, adolescents and / or middle-aged and elderly people; and / or promoting animal, especially mammal bone growth, development and health.

[0131] In one embodiment, the phospholipid can be used in an amount of, for example, 0.0006-0.1 g / day / kg body weight, such as 0.001-0.05 g / day / kg body weight, such as 0.006-0.025 g / day / kg body weight, for example, 0.0006, 0.0007, 0.0008, 0.0009, 0.0010, 0.0015, 0.0020, 0.0025, 0.0030, 0.0035, 0.0040, 0.0045, 0.0050, 0.0055, 0.0060, 0.0065, 0.00 70, 0.0075, 0.0080, 0.0085, 0.0090, 0.0095, 0.010, 0.011, 0.012, 0.013, 0.014, 0.015, 0.016, 0.017, 0.018, 0.019, 0.020, 0.021, 0.022, 0.023, 0.024, 0.025, 0.026, 0.027, 0.028, 0.029, 0.030, 0.031, 0.032, 0.033, 0.034, 0.035, 0.036, 0.0 37, 0.038, 0.039, 0.040, 0.041, 0.042, 0.043, 0.044, 0.045, 0.046, 0.047, 0.048, 0.049, 0.050, 0.051, 0.052, 0.053, 0.054, 0.055, 0.056, 0.057, 0.058, 0.059, 0.060, 0.061, 0.062, 0.063, 0.064, 0.065, 0.066, 0.067, 0.068, 0.069, 0.070, 0. 0.071, 0.072, 0.073, 0.074, 0.075, 0.076, 0.077, 0.078, 0.079, 0.080, 0.081, 0.082, 0.083, 0.084, 0.085, 0.086, 0.087, 0.088, 0.089, 0.090, 0.091, 0.092, 0.093, 0.094, 0.095, 0.096, 0.097, 0.098, 0.099, 0.10 g / day / kg body weight, or the amount of the range defined by any two thereof. For example, for an infant weighing 6 kg, it can be taken in an amount of 0.006-0.6 g / day. When the phospholipids are used in the above amount, they can significantly play a role in promoting bone growth and development (eg, improving osteoporosis and / or repairing cartilage damage and / or repairing osteogenic damage).

[0132] In one embodiment, the phospholipids can be used alone or in the form of a composition comprising the phospholipids, such as food, especially milk powder. The food can be formula food or dietary supplement for infants, children, pregnant women, middle-aged and elderly people.

[0133] In one embodiment, the phospholipid is used in the form of a food product comprising the phospholipid. Preferably, the total amount of the phospholipids in the food is 0.02-2.0%, preferably 0.04-1.0%, for example, it can be 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.50%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%, 0.58%, 0.59%, 0.60%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%, 0.65%, 0.66%, 0.67%, 0.68%, 0.69%, 0.70%, 0.71%, 0.72%, 0.73%, 0.74%, 0.75%, 0.76%, 0.77%, 0.78%, 0.79 35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.50%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%, 0.58%, 0.59%, 0.60%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%, 0.65%, 0.66%, 0.67%, 0.68%, 0.69%, 0.70%, 0.71%, 0.72%, 0.73%, 0.74%, 0.75%, 0.76%, 0.77%, 0.78%, 0.79%, 0.80%, 0.81%, 0.82%, 0.83%, 0.84%, 0.85%, 0.86%, 0.87%, 0.88%, 0.89%, 0.90%, 0.91%, 0.92%, 0.93%, 0.94%, 0.95%, 0.96%, 0.97%, 0.98%, 0.99%, 1.00%, 1.01%, 1.02%, 1.03%, 1.04%, 1.05%, 1.06%, 1.07%, 1.08%, 1.09%, 1.10%, 1.11%, 1.12%, 1.13%, 1.14%, 1.15%, 1.16 %, 1.17%, 1.18%, 1.19%, 1.20%, 1.21%, 1.22%, 1.23%, 1.24%, 1.25%, 1.26%, 1.27%, 1.28%, 1.29%, 1.30%, 1.31%, 1.32%, 1.33%, 1.34%, 1.35%, 1.36%, 1.37%, 1.38%, 1.39%, 1.40%, 1.41%, 1.42%, 1.43%, 1.44%, 1.45%, 1.46%, 1.47%, 1.48%, 1.49%, 1.50%, 1.51%, 1.52%, 1.53%, 1.54%, 1.55%, 1.56%, 1.57%, 1.58%, 1.59%, 1.60%, 1.61%, 1.62%, 1.63%, 1.64%, 1.65%, 1.66%, 1.67%, 1.68%, 1.69%, 1.70%, 1.71%, 1.72%, 1.73%, 1.74%, 1.75%, 1.76%, 1.77%, 1.78%, 1.79%, 1.8 0%, 1.81%, 1.82%, 1.83%, 1.84%, 1.85%, 1.86%, 1.87%, 1.88%, 1.89%, 1.90%, 1.91%, 1.92%, 1.93%, 1.94%, 1.95%, 1.96%, 1.97%, 1.98%, 1.99%, 2.00% by mass, or a range defined by any two of them. When phospholipids are used in the above amounts, the effects of phospholipids in promoting bone growth and development (e.g., improving osteoporosis and / or repairing cartilage damage and / or repairing osteogenic damage) can be significantly exerted. .

[0134] Nutritional composition

[0135] The phospholipids can also be used in combination with lactoferrin. The present inventors have found that when phospholipids are used in combination with lactoferrin, the effects of promoting bone growth and health, such as improving bone density, can be further enhanced, and a synergistic effect may exist in this regard.

[0136] Thus, in another aspect, the present invention relates to a nutritional composition comprising phospholipids and lactoferrin.

[0137] The phospholipids are as described above in the uses of phospholipids.

[0138] Therefore, in one embodiment, the phospholipid comprises or consists of glycerophospholipid.

[0139] In one embodiment, the glycerophospholipid can be represented by the following formula:

[0140]

[0141] wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a C2-C 24 (e.g. C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C 10 , C 11 , C 12 , C 13 , C 14 , C 15 , C 16 , C 17 , C 18 , C 19 , C 20 , C21 , C 22 , C 23 , C 24 , or a range defined by any two of them) carbon chain; X is a residue derived from an amino alcohol (such as choline, ethanolamine, serine) or inositol represented by the free formula XOH.

[0142] In one embodiment, the phospholipids include one or more selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylcholine (also known as phosphatidylcholine) (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (also known as cephalin) (PE), serine phospholipids (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI).

[0143] In one embodiment, the phospholipids include phosphatidylcholine (also known as egg phospholipids) (PC), and optionally include one or more selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine (also known as cephalin) (PE), serine phospholipids (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI).

[0144] In one embodiment, the phospholipids may optionally further include sphingomyelin.

[0145] In one embodiment, the phospholipids include phosphatidylcholine (also known as egg phospholipids) (PC), and optionally include one or more selected from the following: phosphatidylethanolamine (also known as cephalin) (PE), serine phospholipids (also known as phosphatidylserine) (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and sphingomyelin.

[0146] In one embodiment, the phospholipids may optionally further include other edible phospholipids, such as one or more of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol (also known as cardiolipin), and the like.

[0147] In one embodiment, the phospholipids include, mainly include and are selected from, essentially consist of, or consist of: relative to the total mass of the phospholipids,

[0148] 15.0-100% by mass, for example 25.0-100% by mass, for example 50.0-100% by mass, for example 75.0-100% by mass, for example 85.0-100% by mass, for example 90.0-100% by mass, for example 95.0-100% by mass of phosphatidylcholine;

[0149] 0-35.0% by mass, such as 0-30.0% by mass, such as 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of sphingomyelin;

[0150] 0-40.0% by mass, for example 0-35.0% by mass, for example 0-30.0% by mass, for example 0-20.0% by mass, for example 0-10.0% by mass, for example 0-5.0% by mass, for example 0-3.0% by mass, for example 0-1.0% by mass of phosphatidylethanolamine;

[0151] 0-15.0% by mass, such as 0-12.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of serine phospholipids; and

[0152] 0-20.0% by mass, such as 0-15.0% by mass, such as 0-10.0% by mass, such as 0-5.0% by mass, such as 0-3.0% by mass, such as 0-1.0% by mass of phosphatidylinositol.

[0153] All statements regarding phospholipids above in the uses of phospholipids also apply here.

[0154] Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 80 kDa and belongs to the transferrin family. Lactoferrin is found in high levels in colostrum and milk, and in lower levels in mucosal secretions such as tears, saliva, semen, nasal and bronchial secretions, bile and gastrointestinal fluid. In addition, lactoferrin is also a component of neutrophils. Lactoferrin is one of the body's main defense molecules. In addition to helping transport and transfer iron ions and increasing the bioavailability of iron, it also has a variety of biological immune activities, including broad-spectrum antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and immune regulatory activities.

[0155] In one embodiment, the nutritional composition consists essentially of phospholipids and lactoferrin.

[0156] In one embodiment, the nutritional composition consists essentially of phospholipids and lactoferrin.

[0157] In one embodiment, the nutritional composition consists of phospholipids and lactoferrin.

[0158] In one embodiment, the lactoferrin may be derived from or provided in the following form: a nutrient rich in lactoferrin (LF), such as concentrated whey protein powder rich in lactoferrin and / or lactoferrin powder, etc., preferably lactoferrin powder.

[0159] In one embodiment, when phospholipids and lactoferrin are used in combination, the amount of lactoferrin relative to 1 part by mass of phospholipids can be 0.005-15 parts by mass, preferably 0.01-10 parts by mass, preferably 0.05-10 parts by mass, preferably 0.05-5 parts by mass, preferably 0.05-1 parts by mass, preferably 0.05-0.5 parts by mass, for example, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20、0.21、0.22、0.23、0.24、0.25、0.26、0.27、0.28、0.29、0.30、0.31、0.32、0.33、0.34、0.35、0.36、0.37、0.38、0.39、0.40、0.41、0.42、0.43、0.44、 0.45、0.46、0.47、0.48、0.49、0.50、0.51、0.52、0.53、0.54、0.55、0.56、0.57、0.58、0.59、0.60、0.61、0.62、0.63、0.64、0.65、0.66、0.67、0.68、0.69、 0.70、0.71、0.72、0.73、0.74、0.75、0.76、0.77、0.78、0.79、0.80、0.81、0.82、0.83、0.84、0.85、0.86、0.87、0.88、0.89、0.90、0.91、0.92、0.93、0.94、 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6 .6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 10.0, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 11.0, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 12.0, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 1 2.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 13.0, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 14.0, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 15.0 parts by mass, or a range defined by any two of them.

[0160] When the ratio of phospholipids to lactoferrin is within the above range, the effect on promoting bone growth and health, such as increasing bone density, is more significant.

[0161] In one embodiment, the amount of lactoferrin can be 0.05-0.5 parts by mass, such as 0.06-0.5 parts by mass, or any other value or range within the range as described above, relative to 1 part by mass of phospholipids. When phospholipids and lactoferrin are used in the above ratio range, the effect is more significant, and can synergistically promote bone growth and development and increase bone density.

[0162] food

[0163] In another aspect, the present invention also relates to a food product comprising the nutritional composition.

[0164] The food of the present invention may be in powder form or in liquid form.

[0165] The food of the present invention can be a formula food or dietary supplement for infants, children, pregnant women, and the elderly.

[0166] In one embodiment, the nutritional composition is added in an amount such that, relative to the total mass of the food, the mass content of the phospholipid is 0.02-2.0%, preferably 0.04-1.0%. For example, relative to the total mass of the food, the mass content of phospholipids can be 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.30%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, %, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.40%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.50%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%, 0.58%, 0.59%, 0.60%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%, 0.65%, 0.66%, 0.67%, 0.68%, 0.69%, 0.70%, 0.71%, 0.72%, 0.73%, 0.74%, 0.7 5%, 0.76%, 0.77%, 0.78%, 0.79%, 0.80%, 0.81%, 0.82%, 0.83%, 0.84%, 0.85%, 0.86%, 0.87%, 0.88%, 0.89%, 0.90%, 0.91%, 0.92%, 0.93%, 0.94%, 0.95%, 0.96%, 0.97%, 0.98%, 0.99%, 1.00%, 1.01%, 1.02%, 1.03%, 1.04%, 1.05%, 1.06%, 1.07%, 1.08%, 1.09%, 1.10%, 1.11%, 1.12%, 1.13%, 1. 1.14%, 1.15%, 1.16%, 1.17%, 1.18%, 1.19%, 1.20%, 1.21%, 1.22%, 1.23%, 1.24%, 1.25%, 1.26%, 1.27%, 1.28%, 1.29%, 1.30%, 1.31%, 1.32%, 1.33%, 1.34%, 1.35%, 1.36%, 1.37%, 1.38%, 1.39%, 1.40%, 1.41%, 1.42%, 1.43%, 1.44%, 1.45%, 1.46%, 1.47%, 1.48%, 1.49%, 1.50%, 1.51%, 1.52%, 1.53%, 1.54%, 1.55%, 1.56%, 1.57%, 1.58%, 1.59%, 1.60%, 1.61%, 1.62%, 1.63%, 1.64%, 1.65%, 1.66%, 1.67%, 1.68%, 1.69%, 1.70%, 1.71%, 1.72%, 1.73%, 1.74%, 1.75%, 1.76%, 1.77%, 1.7 8%, 1.79%, 1.80%, 1.81%, 1.82%, 1.83%, 1.84%, 1.85%, 1.86%, 1.87%, 1.88%, 1.89%, 1.90%, 1.91%, 1.92%, 1.93%, 1.94%, 1.95%, 1.96%, 1.97%, 1.98%, 1.99%, 2.00% by mass, or a range defined by any two of them. .

[0167] In one embodiment, the nutritional composition is added in an amount such that, relative to the total mass of the food, the mass content of lactoferrin is 0.002-1.2% by mass, preferably 0.004-0.8% by mass. For example, relative to the total mass of the food, the amount of lactoferrin may be 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025, 0.030, 0.035, 0.040, 0.045, 0.050, 0.055, 0.060, 0.065, 0.070, 0.075, 0.080, 0.085, 0.090, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.30, 0.31, 0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35 12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.30, 0.31, 0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35, 0.36, 0.37, 0.38, 0.39, 0.40, 0.41, 0.42, 0.43, 0.44, 0.45, 0.46, 0.47, 0.48, 0.49 , 0.50, 0.51, 0.52, 0.53, 0.54, 0.55, 0.56, 0.57, 0.58, 0.59, 0.60, 0.61, 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.70, 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.80, 0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 1.20%, 1.40%, 1.50%, 1.60%, 1.70%, 1.80%, 1.90%, 2.00%, 2.01%, 2.02%, 2.03%, 2.04%, 2.05%, 2.06%, 2.07%, 2.08%, 2.09%, 2.10%, 2.11%, 2.12%, 2.13%, 2.14%, 2.15%, 2.16%, 2.17%, 2.18%, 2.19%, 3.20%, 3.30%, 3.40%, 3.50%, 3.60%, 3.70%, 3.80%, 3.90%, 4.11%, 4.12%, 4.13%, 4.14%, 4.15%, 4.16%, 4.17%, 4.18%, 4.19%, 5.

[0168] When the content of phospholipids and lactoferrin in food is within the above range, it can significantly promote bone growth, development and health (such as improving osteoporosis, repairing cartilage damage, repairing bone damage, etc.), and at the same time it can balance various aspects of nutrition required by the human body or animal body.

[0169] In a preferred embodiment, in the food, the amount of lactoferrin relative to 1 mass part of phospholipids can be 0.05-5 mass parts, preferably 0.05-1 mass parts, preferably 0.05-0.5 mass parts, or any other value or range within this range as described above, and relative to the total mass of the food, the content of the phospholipids is 0.04-1.0% by mass, or any other value or range within this range as described above for phospholipids, and the content of the lactoferrin is 0.004-0.8% by mass, or any other value or range within this range as described above for lactoferrin. When the ratio of phospholipids to lactoferrin and the respective dosages are within the above range or preferred range, the effect of promoting bone growth and health (such as improving osteoporosis, repairing cartilage damage, repairing osteogenic damage, etc.) is more significant, and can synergistically promote bone growth and health, especially improve bone density, such as repairing cartilage loss and repairing osteogenic damage, and at the same time can balance various aspects of nutrition required by the human or animal body.

[0170] In addition to phospholipids and lactoferrin, the food may also contain other ingredients, such as proteins / amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, etc., which are often contained in formula foods, such as infant formula foods such as milk powder.

[0171] use

[0172] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the above nutritional composition or the above food for non-therapeutic purposes in promoting bone growth and health of the human or animal body, such as improving bone density.

[0173] In one embodiment, said promoting bone growth, development and health comprises improving bone density.

[0174] In one embodiment, the promotion of bone growth, development and health includes one or more of the following: improving osteoporosis, repairing cartilage damage, and repairing osteogenic damage.

[0175] In one embodiment, the promoting bone growth and development includes: promoting human bone growth, development and health, including promoting bone growth, development and health in infants, children, adolescents and / or middle-aged and elderly people; and / or promoting animal, especially mammal bone growth, development and health.

[0176] In one embodiment, the phospholipids can be used in an amount of, for example, 0.0006-0.1g / day / kg body weight, for example, 0.001-0.05g / day / kg body weight, for example, 0.006-0.025g / day / kg body weight, for example, 0.012-0.025g / day / kg body weight, or any other value or range within this range as described above for the use of phospholipids. For example, for an infant weighing 6kg, the phospholipids can be taken in an amount of, for example, 0.006-0.6g / day, for example, 0.07-0.15g / day. And relative to 1 mass part of phospholipids, the amount of lactoferrin can be 0.05-0.5 mass parts, for example, 0.06-0.5 mass parts, or any other value or range within this range as described above. When phospholipids and lactoferrin are used in an amount within the above range, especially within a preferred range, the effect on promoting bone growth and health, for example, increasing bone density, is more significant.

[0177] Example

[0178] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the art.

[0179] Animal experiments

[0180] In basic and preclinical research, zebrafish has become an important model organism for studying bone development and disease. Since zebrafish are transparent throughout the embryonic and larval stages, their bone formation and osteoblast activity can be monitored more clearly and in detail. Like other vertebrates, zebrafish have a complex ossified skeleton composed of cartilage and bone. The skeleton is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells that first produce chondrocytes, then osteocytes and osteoblasts. Based on the evolutionary conservation of vertebrate skeletal genes, zebrafish skeletons contain the same bone cells as mammals, and many skeletal structures have obvious homology in mammals. Therefore, the zebrafish model can be used for the study of osteoporosis, arthritis, and bone development. This method systematically and intuitively evaluates the effects on bone development, which has far-reaching significance for the application of raw materials.

[0181] 1. Experimental Materials

[0182] 1.1. Sample and preparation information

[0183] Phospholipids: LECIGRAN 1000P from Cargill Texturing Solutions, Germany, phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) content 97.0% by mass

[0184] Lactoferrin: Hilmar1000 lactoferrin from Hilmar, USA, lactoferrin content 97.2% by mass

[0185] Phospholipids and lactoferrin are prepared into 10.0 mg / mL stock solutions with standard dilution water and used immediately after preparation.

[0186] Positive control: Alendronate sodium tablets, white tablets, batch number U006983, Merck Sharp & Dohme BV, store in a cool and dark place. Prepare 2.50 mg / mL stock solution with standard dilution water and store at -20℃.

[0187] 1.2. Experimental animals

[0188] Zebrafish were kept in 28°C fish water (water quality: 200 mg instant sea salt per 1L reverse osmosis water, conductivity 450-550 μS / cm; pH 6.5-8.5; hardness 50-100 mg / L CaCO3), experimental animal use license number: SYXK (Zhejiang) 2012-0171. The feeding and management complies with the requirements of the international AAALAC certification (certification number: 001458).

[0189] Wild-type AB strain zebrafish were bred in natural pairs. Zebrafish aged 3 days post fertilization (3dpf) were used for the determination of the maximum detection concentration (MTC) of the anti-osteoporosis efficacy of the samples and their efficacy evaluation.

[0190] Transgenic cartilage green fluorescent zebrafish Tg (Col2a1a: eGFP) were bred by natural pair mating. Zebrafish aged 2 days post fertilization (2dpf) were used to evaluate the cartilage damage repair efficacy of samples and compositions.

[0191] Transgenic osteogenic green fluorescent zebrafish Tg(OlaSp7:nlsGFP)cy25 were bred by natural pair mating. Zebrafish aged 3 days post fertilization (3dpf) were used for evaluation of the osteoprotective efficacy of samples and compositions.

[0192] The conversion method of zebrafish dosage to human dosage for efficacy evaluation can be found in CN113496071A. Specifically, for a person weighing 60 kg, the zebrafish dosage and the theoretical human dosage can be converted according to the following relationship: zebrafish (mg / L) = [human (g / day) × 1000] / 6.

[0193] 1.3. Instruments, consumables and reagents

[0194] Dissecting microscope (SZX7, OLYMPUS, Japan); CCD camera (VertA1, Shanghai Tusen Vision Technology Co., Ltd., China); electric focus continuous zoom fluorescence microscope (AZ100, Nikon, Japan); precision electronic balance (CP214, OHAUS, USA); rocking decolorization shaker (2D-9556-A, Taicang Hualida Experimental Equipment Co., Ltd., China); 6-well plate (Nest Biotech, China).

[0195] Dexamethasone (Batch No. L1931006, Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., China); 4% tissue cell fixative (Batch No. 20210828, Solarbio, China); Alizarin red (Batch No. C12071107, Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., China); Glycerol (Batch No. C12219636, Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., China); Potassium hydroxide (Batch No. T20110104, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China); Anhydrous Magnesium chloride (C1809044, Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., China); anhydrous ethanol (batch number 20210514, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China); hydrogen peroxide (batch number 20210203, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China); dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, batch number BCCD8942, Sigma, Switzerland); methyl cellulose (batch number C2004046, Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., China).

[0196] 1.4 Detection Method

[0197] 1.4.1 Anti-osteoporosis efficacy testing

[0198] 3dpf wild-type AB strain zebrafish were randomly selected in a 6-well plate, with 15 in each well (experimental group). The samples were given water-soluble (concentrations are shown in Table 1), and the positive control alendronate sodium tablets were 2.50μg / mL. At the same time, a model control group and a normal control group were set up, with a capacity of 3mL per well. Except for the normal control group, dexamethasone was given water-soluble to establish a zebrafish osteoporosis model in all other experimental groups. The zebrafish were treated at 28℃ until 5dpf and the medium was changed. After the medium was changed, the treatment continued until 7dpf. After the treatment, the zebrafish were fixed and stained with alizarin red. After staining, 8 zebrafish were randomly selected from each experimental group and photographed under a fluorescence microscope. The NIS-Elements D 3.20 advanced image processing software was used to analyze and collect data, and the fluorescence intensity of the spine was analyzed. The calculation formula for the therapeutic effect of the test product on zebrafish osteoporosis is as follows:

[0199] Osteoporosis therapeutic effect (%) = S (test group) - S (model control group) / S (normal control group) - S (model control group) × 100%

[0200] 1.4.2 Cartilage damage repair efficacy test

[0201] 2dpf transgenic cartilage green fluorescent zebrafish were randomly selected in a 6-well plate, and 15 zebrafish were treated in each well (experimental group). The samples were given water-soluble (concentrations are shown in Table 1), and the positive control chondroitin sulfate concentration was 1000μg / mL. At the same time, a normal control group and a model control group were set up, and the volume of each well was 3mL. Except for the normal control group, dexamethasone was given water-soluble in all other experimental groups to establish a zebrafish cartilage injury model. After treatment at 28℃ to 5dpf, 8 zebrafish were randomly selected from each experimental group and placed under a fluorescence microscope for photography. NIS-Elements D 3.20 advanced image processing software was used to collect data and analyze the cartilage fluorescence intensity. The statistical analysis results of this indicator were used to evaluate the cartilage injury repair efficacy of each experimental group. The statistical analysis results are expressed as mean±SE. SPSS26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and p<0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.

[0202] 1.4.3 Osteogenic injury repair efficacy test

[0203] 3dpf transgenic teleost green fluorescent zebrafish were randomly selected in a six-well plate, and 15 zebrafish were treated in each well (experimental group). The samples were given water solution (concentrations are shown in Table 2), the positive control alendronate sodium tablets were 5.00μg / mL concentration, and the normal control group and model control group were set up at the same time, with a capacity of 3mL per well. Except for the normal control group, the remaining groups were given dexamethasone to establish the zebrafish osteoblast injury model, and the medium was changed at 28℃ until 5dpf. After the medium was changed, the treatment was continued until 7dpf. Eight zebrafish were randomly selected from each experimental group and photographed under a fluorescence microscope. The data were collected using NIS-Elements D 3.20 advanced image processing software to analyze the zebrafish teleost fluorescence intensity. The statistical analysis results of this indicator were used to evaluate the osteoblast protection efficacy of the sample.

[0204] 1.5 Data Analysis

[0205] The statistical results were expressed as mean ± SE. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and p < 0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant.

[0206] 2. Experimental results

[0207] 2.1. Evaluation of anti-osteoporosis efficacy

[0208] The effects of phospholipids on increasing bone density and improving bone health were studied. The results are shown in Tables 1, 2, and Figure 1 .

[0209] Table 1. Results of the anti-osteoporosis efficacy evaluation experiment (n=8)

[0210]

[0211] Compared with the model control group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001

[0212] Table 2. Anti-osteoporosis therapeutic effect (n=8)

[0213]

[0214]

[0215] Compared with the model control group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001

[0216] Osteoporosis (OP) is an important public health problem worldwide. Existing osteoporosis models are still insufficient in terms of efficiency and speed: on the one hand, the in vivo rat model is time-consuming, labor-intensive, inefficient, low-sensitivity, and requires a large amount of compounds; on the other hand, the in vitro osteoblast and osteoclast primary cell models have harsh experimental conditions, are difficult to master and control, and have a relatively single action link, which cannot reflect the comprehensive effects of in vivo experiments.

[0217] The research on zebrafish skeleton has physiological and genetic basis: like mammals, zebrafish skeleton develops from three embryonic stem cell lines, namely neural crest, somatic mesoderm and lateral plate. Studies have shown that zebrafish larvae skeleton contains cells required for bone formation and bone resorption, which is a relatively complete system. The bone formation mechanism also includes endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification, and the process is strictly regulated by a complex mechanism including a series of transcription factors and hormones. The key genes involved in the regulation, such as runx2, osteonectin, and osteoprogenin, have a high degree of homology with the relevant genes of mammals. In China, zebrafish are used to establish osteoporosis models.

[0218] This experiment used zebrafish model animals. The zebrafish larvae at 4 days post fertilization (dpf) were exposed to different concentrations of phospholipids (62.5, 125, 250 μg / mL) or 2.5 μg / mL alendronate sodium tablets (positive control group). A normal control group (normal zebrafish treated with fish water) and a model control group (normal zebrafish treated with dexamethasone) were set up at the same time. After culturing at 28°C for 5 days, the cells were stained with alizarin red, and photos were taken after staining to calculate the cumulative optical density of the first three vertebrae of the zebrafish.

[0219] Figure 1 The graph shows the fluorescence intensity of zebrafish vertebrae after different treatments, where the bright area (representing red fluorescence) is the zebrafish vertebrae.

[0220] Figure 1 Tables 1 and 2 show that compared with the normal control group without dexamethasone, the fluorescence intensity of zebrafish vertebrae in the model control group using dexamethasone was significantly reduced, indicating that dexamethasone significantly reduced the amount of mineralization and bone density of zebrafish head bones, and successfully induced osteoporosis in zebrafish. Compared with the model control group using dexamethasone, the use of dexamethasone followed by 62.5, 125, and 250 μg / mL phospholipid treatment increased the cumulative optical density of zebrafish vertebrae, significantly increased bone density, improved osteoporosis, and reversed dexamethasone-induced bone loss. This shows that phospholipids can significantly increase bone density and improve osteoporosis.

[0221] 2.2. Evaluation of cartilage damage repair efficacy

[0222] Table 3. Results of cartilage damage repair efficacy evaluation experiment (n=8)

[0223]

[0224] Compared with the model control group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001

[0225] In this experiment, zebrafish model animals were used. Zebrafish larvae at 4 days post fertilization (4dpf) were exposed to different concentrations of phospholipids (62.5, 125, 250μg / mL) or 1000μg / mL chondroitin sulfate (positive control group). A normal control group (normal zebrafish treated with fish water) and a model control group (normal zebrafish treated with dexamethasone) were set up at the same time. After culturing at 28℃ for 5 days, the cartilage was stained with alizarin red, and photos were taken after staining to calculate the cumulative optical density of zebrafish cartilage.

[0226] The results in Table 3 show that compared with the normal control group without dexamethasone, the fluorescence intensity of zebrafish vertebrae in the model control group using dexamethasone was significantly reduced, indicating that dexamethasone significantly reduced the amount of mineralization and bone density of zebrafish head bones, and successfully induced zebrafish cartilage damage. Compared with the model control group using dexamethasone, the use of dexamethasone followed by 62.5, 125, and 250 μg / mL phospholipid treatment can increase the cumulative optical density of zebrafish cartilage, significantly increase bone density, improve cartilage damage, and reverse dexamethasone-induced cartilage damage. This shows that phospholipids can significantly increase bone density and repair cartilage damage.

[0227] 2.3. Evaluation of osteoblastic injury repair efficacy

[0228] Table 4. Results of osteoblast repair efficacy evaluation experiment (n=8)

[0229]

[0230]

[0231] Compared with the model control group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001

[0232] In this experiment, zebrafish model animals were used. Zebrafish larvae at 4 days post fertilization (4dpf) were exposed to different concentrations of phospholipids (62.5, 125, 250μg / mL) or 5μg / mL alendronate sodium (positive control group). A normal control group (normal zebrafish treated with fish water) and a model control group (normal zebrafish treated with dexamethasone) were set up at the same time. After culturing at 28℃ for 5 days, the cells were stained with alizarin red, and photos were taken after staining to calculate the cumulative optical density of zebrafish bone formation.

[0233] The results in Table 4 show that compared with the normal control group without dexamethasone, the fluorescence intensity of zebrafish osteoblasts in the model control group using dexamethasone was significantly reduced, indicating that dexamethasone significantly reduced the bone density of zebrafish heads and successfully induced zebrafish osteoblastic damage. Compared with the model control group using dexamethasone, the use of dexamethasone followed by 62.5, 125, and 250 μg / mL phospholipid treatment increased the cumulative optical density of zebrafish osteoblasts, significantly increased bone density, reversed dexamethasone-induced osteoblastic damage, and improved osteoblastic damage. This shows that phospholipids can significantly increase bone density and repair osteoblastic damage.

[0234] 2.4. Evaluation of the efficacy of the composition in repairing cartilage damage

[0235] The efficacy of the combination of phospholipids and lactoferrin in repairing cartilage damage and improving bone health was studied. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0236] Table 5. Results of cartilage damage repair efficacy evaluation experiment (n=8)

[0237]

[0238]

[0239] Compared with the model control group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001

[0240] In this experiment, zebrafish model animals were used. Zebrafish larvae at 4 days post-fertilization (dpf) were exposed to different concentrations of phospholipids and lactoferrin or 1000 μg / mL chondroitin sulfate (positive control group). A normal control group (normal zebrafish treated with fish water) and a model control group (normal zebrafish treated with dexamethasone) were set up at the same time. After culturing at 28°C for 5 days, the cells were stained with alizarin red, and photos were taken after staining to calculate the cumulative optical density of zebrafish cartilage.

[0241] The results in Table 5 show that compared with the normal control group without dexamethasone, the fluorescence intensity of zebrafish cartilage in the model control group using dexamethasone was significantly reduced, indicating that dexamethasone significantly reduced the bone density of zebrafish cartilage and successfully induced zebrafish cartilage damage.

[0242] However, the present inventors found that, compared with the model control group using dexamethasone, when phospholipids and lactoferrin were used in combination, the fluorescence intensity of cartilage could be significantly increased, dexamethasone-induced cartilage damage could be reversed, and cartilage damage could be improved, and there could be a synergistic effect between phospholipids and lactoferrin.

[0243] In particular, in terms of the components and amounts used, Experimental Example 3 is equivalent to the combination of Comparative Examples 2 and 4. Relative to the model control group, Example 3, Comparative Examples 2 and 4 increase the cartilage fluorescence intensity by 671610, 220053 and 163828, respectively. The increase in cartilage fluorescence intensity in Example 3 (671610) is greater than the sum of the increases in Comparative Examples 2 and 4 (383881).

[0244] 2.5. Evaluation of the efficacy of the composition in repairing osteoblastic damage

[0245] The efficacy of the combination of phospholipids and lactoferrin in repairing osteoblastic damage and improving bone health was studied. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0246] Table 6. Results of osteoblast repair efficacy evaluation experiment (n=8)

[0247]

[0248] Compared with the model control group, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001

[0249] The results in Table 6 show that compared with the normal control group without dexamethasone, the fluorescence intensity of zebrafish osteoblasts in the model control group using dexamethasone was significantly reduced, indicating that dexamethasone significantly reduced the bone density of zebrafish and successfully induced zebrafish osteoblast damage. Compared with the model control group, each comparison ratio can increase the cumulative optical density of zebrafish cartilage, indicating that both phospholipids and lactoferrin are helpful in promoting bone health.

[0250] The inventors also found that compared with the model control group, when phospholipids and lactoferrin were used in combination, the effect was more significant, which could significantly increase the fluorescence intensity of osteoblasts, reverse dexamethasone-induced osteoblastic damage, improve osteoblastic damage, and there could be a synergistic effect between phospholipids and lactoferrin.

[0251] In particular, in terms of the components and amounts used, Experimental Example 2 is equivalent to the combination of Comparative Examples 1 and 3. Compared with the normal control group, Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 and 3 increased the osteogenic fluorescence intensity by 319055, 68788 and 236607, respectively. The increase in cartilage fluorescence intensity in Example 1 (319055) is greater than the sum of the increases in Comparative Examples 1 and 3 (305395).

[0252] The present invention provides research on the efficacy of phospholipids in promoting bone development, and finds that phospholipids can promote bone growth and health, improve bone density, such as improving osteoporosis, and repair cartilage damage and osteogenesis damage. And when phospholipids are used together with lactoferrin, the effect is more significant, and there can be a synergistic effect between the two components. Therefore, phospholipids have broad prospects in improving osteoporosis and promoting bone development in the body, and provide new ideas for the development of functional foods in the future.

[0253] The above is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, improvements can be made to the present invention, but these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Use of a nutritional composition in preparing a functional food for promoting bone growth, development and health in a human or animal body, wherein the promoting bone growth, development and health in a human or animal body includes repairing cartilage damage, wherein the nutritional composition consists of phospholipids and lactoferrin, The phospholipids are composed of: Relative to the total mass of the phospholipids, 95.0-100% by mass phosphatidylcholine; 0-1.0% by mass of sphingomyelin; 0-1.0% by mass of phosphatidylethanolamine; 0-1.0% by mass of serine phospholipids; and 0-1.0% by mass of phosphatidylinositol, The amount of lactoferrin is 0.45-0.55 parts by mass relative to 1 part by mass of phospholipids. And the phospholipid is used in an amount of 0.0060-0.0065 g / day / kg body weight.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the phospholipid is a phospholipid of plant origin and / or an phospholipid of animal origin.

3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the plant-derived phospholipids are plant phospholipids derived from one or more of soybeans, coconuts, flax seeds, walnuts, and sunflower seeds.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the plant-derived phospholipids are provided by one or more of soybean oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, walnut oil, soybean lecithin, sunflower lecithin, and sunflower seed oil.

5. The use according to claim 2, wherein the food raw material is made from one or more of soybean oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, walnut oil, soybean lecithin, sunflower lecithin, and sunflower seed oil, and the plant-derived lecithin is provided by one or more of the food raw materials. The use according to claim 2 , wherein the plant-derived lecithin is soybean lecithin.

7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the animal-derived phospholipid is a phospholipid derived from one or more of cow's milk, goat's milk, and egg yolk.

8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the phospholipids derived from bovine milk are provided in the form of milk phospholipid powder and / or whey powder enriched with milk phospholipids.

9. The use according to claim 7, wherein the phospholipids derived from goat milk are provided in the form of milk phospholipid powder and / or whey powder enriched with milk phospholipids.

10. The use according to claim 1, wherein the lactoferrin is provided in the form of a nutritional ingredient rich in lactoferrin.

11. The use according to claim 1, wherein the lactoferrin is provided in the form of: concentrated whey protein powder enriched with lactoferrin and / or lactoferrin powder.

12. The use according to claim 1, wherein the lactoferrin is provided in the form of lactoferrin powder.

13. The use according to claim 1, wherein the functional food is in powder form or liquid form.

14. The use according to claim 1, wherein the functional food is infant formula.

15. The use according to claim 1, wherein the functional food is a children's formula.

16. The use according to claim 1, wherein the functional food is a maternal formula food.

17. The use according to claim 1, wherein the functional food is a formula food for middle-aged and elderly people.

18. The use according to claim 1, wherein the functional food is a dietary supplement.

19. The use according to claim 1, wherein the nutritional composition is added in an amount such that, relative to the total mass of the functional food, the mass content of the phospholipids is 0.02-2.0%, and the mass content of the lactoferrin is 0.002-1.2%.

20. The use according to claim 19, wherein the nutritional composition is added in an amount such that the mass content of the phospholipid is 0.04-1.0% relative to the total mass of the functional food.

21. The use according to claim 1, wherein the nutritional composition is added in an amount such that the mass content of lactoferrin is 0.004-0.8% relative to the total mass of the functional food.

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