Assessment Methods for Economically Sound Separation Zones Between Open-Pit and Underground Copper Mines

Abstract

This invention provides a method for evaluating an economic isolation zone between an open-pit copper mine and underground mining, comprising the following steps: S1, during the mining process of the open-pit (10), setting multiple vertically arranged positioning posts (31) in an economic isolation zone (30) between the open-pit (10) and the underground mining area (20); S2, obtaining position change information of the positioning posts (31); S3, obtaining the width D of the economic isolation zone (30) based on the position change information, the rock and soil hardness grade, and the height of the underground mining area (20). This invention, by setting multiple vertically arranged positioning posts in an economic isolation zone between the open-pit and underground mining area during the open-pit mining process, and by considering the impact of blasting operations on the position of the positioning posts, as well as the rock and soil hardness grade and the height of the underground mining area, ultimately obtains a safer, more accurate, and more economical width D of the economic isolation zone.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for evaluating an economically viable isolation zone between open-pit and underground copper mining operations. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, during the transition from open-pit to underground copper mining, an economic isolation zone is typically established between the open-pit and underground mining areas for safety reasons. The width of this economic isolation zone determines both the safety of subsequent underground mining (i.e., a narrow isolation zone can easily compromise safety) and the profitability of the copper mine (i.e., an overly wide isolation zone can render large areas of the mine unprofitable). However, the width of existing economic isolation zones is generally determined directly based on rock and soil type standards. This method fails to consider the impact of blasting operations on the economic isolation zone during the transition from open-pit to underground mining, potentially leading to safety issues. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a method for evaluating the economical isolation zone between open-pit and underground copper mining, which can effectively solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0004] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0005] An evaluation method for an economically viable isolation zone between open-pit and underground copper mining operations includes the following steps:

[0006] S1, During the open-pit mining process, multiple vertically positioned positioning columns are set in the economic isolation zone between the open-pit and the underground mining area;

[0007] S2, Obtain the position change information of the positioning column;

[0008] S3. Obtain the width D of the economical isolation zone based on the location change information, the rock and soil hardness grade, and the height of the underground mining area.

[0009] An evaluation method for an economically viable isolation zone between open-pit mines and underground mining operations includes the following steps:

[0010] S1, During the open-pit mining process, multiple vertically positioned positioning columns are set in the economic isolation zone between the open-pit and the underground mining area;

[0011] S2, Obtain the position change information of the positioning column;

[0012] S3. Obtain the width D of the economical isolation zone based on the location change information, the rock and soil hardness grade, and the height of the underground mining area.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: During the open-pit mining process, this invention sets up multiple vertically positioned positioning columns in an economical isolation zone between the open-pit and the underground mining area. By considering the impact of blasting operations on the position of the positioning columns, and taking into account the position change information, the hardness grade of the soil and rock, and the height of the underground mining area, a safer, more accurate, and more economical width D of the economical isolation zone is finally obtained. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a construction principle diagram of the method for evaluating the economic isolation zone between open-pit and underground mining in copper mines, provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method for converting open-pit mines to underground mining in the evaluation method of the economic isolation zone between open-pit and underground mining in copper mines provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to represent selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] In the description of this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0019] Reference Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for evaluating the economical isolation zone between open-pit and underground copper mining, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1, during the mining process of the open pit 10, multiple vertically arranged positioning columns 31 are set in the economic isolation zone 30 between the open pit 10 and the underground mining area 20;

[0021] S2, obtain the position change information of the positioning post 31;

[0022] S3. The width D of the economic isolation zone 30 is obtained based on the location change information, the rock and soil hardness grade, and the height of the underground mining area 20.

[0023] As a further improvement, in step S1, the open-pit pit 10 includes an open-pit mining boundary 12 and open-pit blast holes 11. The overall shape of the open-pit pit 10 is a wedge shape, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The underground mining area 20 is located on one side of the open-pit pit 10, and its overall shape is a wedge shape, narrower at the top and wider at the bottom. The side of the open-pit pit 10 away from the underground mining area 20 is the lower part 40 of the copper mine, and the side of the underground mining area 20 away from the open-pit pit 10 is the upper part 50 of the copper mine. The underground mining area 20 includes an adit 21, a mining area 22, and a mining access road 23.

[0024] The positioning post 31, signal receiving station 32, and signal processing unit 33 constitute a positioning system. The positioning system can be a Bluetooth positioning system, infrared positioning system, ultrasonic positioning system, etc., and is not limited thereto, as long as the relative distance between the positioning post 31 and the signal receiving station 32 can be obtained. In one embodiment, the positioning post 31 includes a Bluetooth tag, and the signal receiving station 32 includes a Bluetooth broadcast station. The broadcast signal sent by the Bluetooth tag includes a direction-finding data packet, which contains the current Bluetooth tag's ID, the ID of its logical clock synchronization unit, and other information. The Bluetooth broadcast station itself includes a Bluetooth antenna array; after the system starts, all Bluetooth broadcast stations and Bluetooth tags synchronize their logical clocks. By acquiring parameters such as the Bluetooth tag's signal strength and angle of arrival in real time, the processing unit can calculate the Bluetooth tag's positioning data in real time; that is, the calculation of the Bluetooth tag's position is based on Bluetooth AoA. Bluetooth positioning systems, infrared positioning systems, ultrasonic positioning systems, etc., are all existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0025] As a further improvement, the positioning post 31 has a vertical depth of 20-50 cm, thereby ensuring that the impact of blasting on the geology can be reflected. Preferably, the positioning post 31 has a vertical depth of 25-30 cm.

[0026] As a further improvement, in step S1, the spacing of the positioning posts 31 increases gradually along the direction from the open-pit pit 10 to the underground mining area 20. That is, the positioning posts 31 closer to the open-pit pit 10 have a smaller spacing, while the positioning posts 31 farther from the open-pit pit 10 have a larger spacing. As a further improvement, in step S1, the spacing of the positioning posts 31 is 50-500cm. Preferably, the spacing of the positioning posts 31 is 100-300cm. In one embodiment, the spacing of the positioning posts 31 is approximately 200cm (this distance does not need to be precisely calculated, because the relative distance between the positioning posts 31 and the signal receiving station 32 is obtained later). As a further improvement, generally 3-5 rows of positioning posts 31 are set, with 3-5 positioning posts 31 in each row, i.e., 3*3~5*5. Of course, when statistically analyzing the position change information of the positioning posts 31 later, the position change of all positioning posts 31 relative to the signal receiving station 32 can be counted, and then the average value can be taken.

[0027] As a further improvement, in step S2, the step of obtaining the position change information of the positioning post 31 includes:

[0028] S21, acquire the position change information of the positioning post 31 after at least 50 explosions from the initial setting time to the end time. Preferably, acquire the position change information of the positioning post 31 after 50-100 explosions from the initial setting time to the end time. More preferably, acquire the position change information of the positioning post 31 after 60-80 explosions from the initial setting time to the end time. In one embodiment, acquire the position change information of the positioning post 31 after 70 explosions from the initial setting time to the end time.

[0029] As a further improvement, in step S3, the soil hardness grades include: soft soil, ordinary soil, hard soil, gravelly hard soil, soft rock, moderately hard rock, hard rock, and very hard rock. Generally, the initial width d of the economic isolation zone 30 corresponding to soft soil is between 25 and 35 meters; the initial width d of the economic isolation zone 30 corresponding to ordinary soil is between 30 and 50 meters and between 20 and 25 meters; the initial width d of the economic isolation zone 30 corresponding to hard soil is between 15 and 20 meters; the initial width d of the economic isolation zone 30 corresponding to gravelly hard soil is between 12 and 15 meters; and the initial width d of the economic isolation zone 30 corresponding to rock is between 10 and 12 meters. The above data are based on the applicant's experience in mining at the Zijinshan Gold and Copper Mine and other Zijin Copper Mines, summarizing various soil hardness levels. However, the above data does not take into account the impact of blasting operations during the construction of the open-pit pit 10 on the structure of the economic isolation zone 30. Furthermore, the above data does not take into account the impact of the height H of the underground mining area 20 on the structure of the economic isolation zone 30.

[0030] Therefore, as a further improvement, in this embodiment of the invention, the step of obtaining the width D of the economical isolation zone 30 based on the location change information, the rock and soil hardness grade, and the height H of the underground mining area 20 specifically further includes:

[0031] The width D of the economic isolation zone 30 is obtained according to the formula D=d*k+s, where k is a coefficient greater than or equal to 1 and increases with the increase of the location change information; s is a distance constant (unit: meters) greater than or equal to 0, which increases with the increase of the height H of the underground mining area 20.

[0032] In one embodiment, the position change information is divided into multiple levels, each level corresponding to a different coefficient k. Furthermore, the position change information L represents the displacement of the initial and final positions of the positioning column 31. Please refer to Table 1 below, which shows the values ​​of different coefficients k obtained from simulation calculations for different position change information. That is, when the position change information is less than or equal to 10cm, the value of coefficient k is 1~1.35. Generally, when the position change information L exceeds 10cm, it indicates that the economic isolation zone 30 will be severely affected by the blasting work of the open pit 10 during construction, requiring the installation of additional concrete protective retaining walls, etc. The installation of the concrete protective retaining walls can be selected according to actual needs. Specifically, the excavation depth of the concrete protective retaining wall is 0.5~3 meters, the thickness is 0.5~2 meters, and the height is 1~3 meters. More preferably, the excavation depth of the concrete protective retaining wall is 0.5~1 meter, the thickness is 0.8~1 meter, and the height is 1.5~2 meters.

[0033] The position change information L is the absolute value of the change in distance between the positioning post 31 and the signal receiving station 32.

[0034] Table 1

[0035]

[0036] The height H of the underground mining area 20 is the vertical distance from the top of the copper mine to the adit 21. Specifically, the value of s increases by 0.5 meters for every 4-5 meters increase in the height H of the underground mining area 20. In one embodiment, the height H of the underground mining area 20 is 20 meters, and the value of s is 0.5 meters * 4~5, i.e., 2 meters to 2.5 meters. This is because the upper part 50 of the copper mine will exert pressure on the economic isolation zone 30 and the underground mining area 20. Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider the pressure exerted by the upper part 50 of the copper mine on the economic isolation zone 30, and thus adaptively adjust the width of the economic isolation zone 30.

[0037] This invention is not limited to copper mining; it can be applied to mining in other types of mines. Furthermore, this invention provides a method for evaluating the economic isolation zone between open-pit and underground mining operations, comprising the following steps:

[0038] S1', During the open-pit mining process, multiple vertically positioned positioning columns are set in the economic isolation zone between the open-pit and the underground mining area;

[0039] S2', Obtain the position change information of the positioning column;

[0040] S3': Obtain the width D of the economical isolation zone based on the location change information, soil hardness grade, and height of the underground mining area. Steps S1'-S3' are the same as steps S1 to S3, and will not be repeated here.

[0041] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the economical isolation zone between open-pit and underground copper mining, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, during the mining process of the open pit (10), multiple vertically arranged positioning columns (31) are set in the economic isolation zone (30) between the open pit (10) and the underground mining area (20); wherein, the spacing of the positioning columns (31) increases along the direction from the open pit (10) to the underground mining area (20); S2, obtain the position change information of the positioning column (31); S3, the width D of the economic isolation zone (30) is obtained based on the location change information, the rock and soil hardness grade and the height of the underground mining area (20); The soil hardness grades include: soft soil, ordinary soil, hard soil, gravelly hard soil, soft rock, moderately hard rock, hard rock, and very hard rock; wherein the initial width d of the economic isolation zone (30) corresponding to the soft soil is between 25 and 35 meters; the initial width d of the economic isolation zone (30) corresponding to the hard soil is between 15 and 20 meters; and the initial width d of the economic isolation zone (30) corresponding to the gravelly hard soil is between 12 and 15 meters. The width D is obtained according to the formula D=d*k+s, where k is a coefficient greater than or equal to 1 and increases with the increase of the location change information; s is a distance constant greater than or equal to 0 and increases with the increase of the height H of the underground mining area (20).

2. The method for evaluating the economic isolation zone between open-pit and underground copper mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the depth of the positioning post (31) in the vertical direction is 20-50cm.

3. The method for evaluating the economic isolation zone between open-pit and underground copper mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the spacing between the positioning posts (31) is 50-500cm.

4. The method for evaluating the economic isolation zone between open-pit and underground copper mining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the step of obtaining the position change information of the positioning post (31) includes: S21, obtain the position change information of the positioning column (31) after at least 50 blasts from the initial setting time to the end time.

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