A circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes

Abstract

The present invention relates to a circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes, and belongs to the field of power management. The circuit structure of the present invention includes a UPS main control circuit, several power modules, a main control board, a Hall current sensor He, a current rise rate detection device Lo, a resistor Rq, a resistor Rz, a switch K1, a bidirectional signal extraction module, resistors R3, R4, Rf, a sliding resistor RW1, a capacitor C1, and a comparator G1. The circuit structure uses a feedforward control method to predict the maximum impact range of the input load in advance, and promptly and quickly sends a wake-up signal to the dormant power module, so that the UPS uninterruptible power supply system can always operate safely within a high operating efficiency range. While significantly shortening the detection time, it does not require a large amount of computing resources and computing time of intelligent control chips such as the CPU.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of power management, and in particular relates to a circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern society, data communication-based cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence applications have spurred the rapid growth of computer data centers. The core of a data center is composed of a large number of high-end, sophisticated microelectronic devices, such as servers and switches. These devices transmit and process low-voltage, high-frequency pulsed digital signals. These sophisticated microelectronic devices are highly susceptible to various high-frequency pulses, such as surges, sags, power outages, and high-voltage spikes, that can damage microelectronic devices, chips, and motherboards. These can also cause severe interference with data processing results and lead to significant data loss. To ensure the long-term stable, safe, and reliable operation of data communication equipment such as servers and switches within the data center, data centers and computer stations are equipped with UPS (uninterruptible power supply) systems to purify the grid power supply and improve the local power supply environment within the computer data center.

[0003] Therefore, UPS (uninterruptible power supply) systems have become essential equipment for data center construction. To ensure safe and stable operation, UPS systems generally utilize redundant / fault-tolerant power supply designs. The higher the redundancy of the UPS system, the greater its safety, but the lower its load capacity. Because the UPS's conversion efficiency during light-load operation is approximately 10% lower than at normal load, this can significantly impact the data center's power usage effectiveness (PUE). Extensive statistical analysis shows that in data centers powered by multi-unit parallel and modular UPS systems, over 70% operate at a UPS load capacity below 25%, representing long-term operation in the light-load range. This results in low UPS system efficiency, high losses, and difficulty meeting design specifications for PUE.

[0004] In order to improve the long-term working efficiency of UPS uninterruptible power supply systems and improve the power utilization efficiency (PUE) index of data centers, mainstream UPS manufacturers have begun to adopt power module sleep technology to improve the operating efficiency of UPS systems under light load. When the UPS load increases to a certain level, the control and management method of quickly waking up the dormant power module is adopted. As long as the wake-up time is fast enough when the load is put into use, the UPS system can always safely operate in a higher operating efficiency range, achieving the purpose of improving the PUE index. At the same time, the operating life of the UPS power module can also be greatly improved.

[0005] Therefore, the ability to quickly detect the time and size of high-power / impact load input, accurately and quickly judge and promptly wake up the dormant power module so that it can be safely put into normal operation is one of the important aspects to consider when designing this type of modular UPS product. The shorter the detection time, the more time is left for the power module to wake up the operation, and the safer the expansion operation will be.

[0006] Currently, the following two methods are commonly used to detect load current conditions:

[0007] Peak current method: A Hall effect current sensor in the output circuit collects real-time load current feedback signals and sends them to a calculation and comparison chip for comparison with a pre-set wake-up threshold. When the collected peak load current signal exceeds the threshold, indicating that the load has left the light-load range, a wake-up command is issued to the dormant power modules, allowing the system to operate at a higher efficiency range for a longer period of time, thereby achieving energy savings and optimizing PUE. This method detects the actual load current, and sampling should be performed at the peak of the AC current signal to ensure accurate load current data. However, this testing method has the following drawbacks: due to the diverse loads, the peak sampling point is difficult to determine in advance, requiring more CPU resources and more frequent sampling points to reduce sampling errors. Furthermore, if the load is heavy and the current rises rapidly, issuing the wake-up command only after the load current has reached the wake-up threshold may result in insufficient wake-up time, leading to the load surge current exceeding the tolerance of the light-load power modules, resulting in serious wake-up failure.

[0008] The real-time waveform calculation method densely segments the output current signal waveform collected by the Hall effect current sensor in the output circuit. The CPU significantly increases the frequency of periodic sampling and detection calculations. Using multi-point sampling, real-time calculation, and rapid judgment, this method assesses the trend of load increase. This allows for diversified control response strategies tailored to specific load conditions, enabling proactive prediction of load current trends. This method delivers fast response and effective control. A higher detection frequency results in faster response, allowing more time for the power module to wake up and quickly start up, and increasing the safety of expanded operation. However, the same calculations and judgments must be performed on the sampled data each time. The more complex and diverse the control strategy, the more CPU resources, such as computational time, are consumed. This prolonged and significant occupation of valuable CPU computing resources can negatively impact other UPS system performance and control response speed.

[0009] The present invention was created to address the practical needs of the aforementioned load current detection and control methods. It proposes a novel load current detection method and circuit structure that is faster than conventional detection methods, does not occupy UPS computing resources for a long time, and is low-cost. This method can rapidly detect sudden bidirectional changes in load current, perform feedforward sampling and rapid response to sudden load increases, and promptly issue a wake-up signal to the UPS's dormant power modules, significantly reducing the risk of wake-up failure and ensuring the safe and stable power supply of equipment in the computer room. Summary of the Invention

[0010] (1) Technical issues to be resolved

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes, so as to solve the shortcomings of the current conventional load impact current detection and control method.

[0012] (2) Technical solution

[0013] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes. The circuit structure includes a UPS main control circuit, several power modules, a main control board, a Hall current sensor He, a current rise rate detection device Lo, a resistor Rq, a resistor Rz, a switch K1, a bidirectional signal extraction module, resistors R3, R4, Rf, a sliding resistor RW1, a capacitor C1 and a comparator G1.

[0014] Among them, the input end of the UPS main control circuit is connected to Ui and the battery pack, and the output end is connected to several power modules. The output end of the power module is connected to the Hall current sensor He, and the output of the Hall current sensor He is connected to the AD sampling end of the main control board and the input end of the bidirectional signal extraction module. The other input end of the bidirectional signal extraction module is grounded through a parallel circuit of a resistor Rq, a switch K1, and a resistor Rz; the first output end of the bidirectional signal extraction module is connected to the positive pole of the comparator G1 through a resistor R4, the second output end is connected to the positive pole of the comparator G1 through a resistor R3, and the third output end is connected to +V through a sliding resistor RW1, and the sliding end of the sliding resistor RW1 is connected to the negative pole of the comparator G1; a capacitor C1 is connected between the positive pole of the comparator G1 and the third output end of the bidirectional signal extraction module; the positive pole of the comparator G1 is connected to the output end of the comparator G1 through a resistor Rf, and the output end of the comparator G1 is connected to the INT0 port of the main control board. The output of the main control board is connected to the power module and the UPS main control circuit.

[0015] Among them, the current rise rate detection inductor Lo, the bidirectional signal extraction module, and the comparator G1 form a pulse waveform detection and comparison circuit that can quickly detect UPS load impact changes. The sudden load current rise rate is converted into a voltage signal at both ends of the current rise rate detection inductor Lo. After entering the bidirectional signal extraction module, it is converted into a signal level acceptable to the comparator G1. The comparator G1 generates a corresponding signal and sends it to the INT0 port of the main control board. After the intelligent chip in the main control board performs intelligent calculations, it issues a wake-up command at the appropriate time.

[0016] Furthermore, when a large load is suddenly added, the current rise rate will be large, and the detection voltage spike at both ends of the current rise rate detection inductor Lo will be higher. When the main control board determines that the instantaneous current rise rate exceeds 3 to 5 times the current load current, it is considered that a relatively large load has been input and the dormant power module needs to be awakened.

[0017] Furthermore, the effective value of the voltage across the current rise rate detection inductor Lo is proportional to the effective value of the load current, and the effective value voltage signal reflects the real-time load status of the UPS system.

[0018] Furthermore, the bidirectional signal extraction module changes the bidirectional peak signal into a unidirectional peak signal, and at the same time performs rectification and transformation on the real-time current effective value signal for use in threshold parameter correction in the subsequent stage.

[0019] Furthermore, the signal generator is composed of the RW1 rising rate threshold setting and the comparator G1 as the core. The rising rate threshold setting is a pre-set voltage value, which serves as the threshold voltage for the comparator to flip. When the detected voltage signal exceeds the threshold, the comparator G1 will act.

[0020] Furthermore, R3 and C1 form a small signal suppression and interference filtering circuit to suppress or filter small-scale load fluctuations and small spike interference signals in the circuit. When the filtered current rise rate signal exceeds the threshold preset by RW1, the signal generator composed of comparator G1 flips and sends an interrupt request signal. The signal also sends an early warning to other circuit function modules on the mainboard, turning on the relevant circuit functions so that they can quickly start working after the wake-up signal arrives.

[0021] Furthermore, R3, R4, and Rf form a correction network for the flip threshold parameter. When the load increases, the load RMS voltage on the "-" terminal of the comparator G1 connected to RW1, fed back by the current RMS signal output from the bidirectional signal extraction module, also increases, thereby compensating for the flip threshold point.

[0022] Furthermore, the comparators G1, RW1 and Rf form a signal generator. When the surge current rising rate exceeds a predetermined threshold, the signal generator sends an interrupt request waveform signal corresponding to the CPU smart chip to activate the interrupt function of the CPU.

[0023] Furthermore, after the CPU chip receives the interrupt request signal sent by the signal generator, it immediately responds and processes it quickly according to the interrupt priority level, digitally filters and corrects the relevant signals, and compares and verifies the current data and historical data. It calls the actual load and sudden load calculation program, performs feedforward judgment calculation on the possible rising range of the sudden load, and then runs the corresponding control strategy program and issues relevant execution instructions to perform the actual wake-up operation.

[0024] Furthermore, the relevant signals include: a load current rising rate signal, a current load current effective value signal, a historical load current effective value signal, a system redundancy, a current UPS working status, and the number of dormant power modules.

[0025] (3) Beneficial effects

[0026] This invention proposes a circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load shock changes. Compared to the peak current method, this method can proactively respond when the load is first applied, before the actual load current reaches a higher threshold, thus buying more time for the sleep module to wake up. It also avoids errors and response lags caused by inaccurate peak detection sampling points.

[0027] Compared to real-time waveform calculation, this method eliminates the need for regular, timed evaluations of densely sampled signals, which consumes significant CPU resources. Instead, it only requires advanced calculations and evaluations when a sudden load current might reach the wake-up threshold. The corresponding control strategy is then executed based on actual conditions and needs, significantly conserving CPU computing resources.

[0028] In summary, the present invention provides a method and circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes based on a conventional modular UPS. The load impact current detection method is completely different from the conventional Hall current detection method, but it is very simple and effective. It only requires local fine-tuning and improvement on the basis of the conventional modular UPS system, with almost no increase in cost and selling price, to achieve the purpose of advance detection of sudden load current and rapid awakening of dormant power modules, so that the UPS system can operate stably and for a long time in a higher operating efficiency range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of an embodiment of the method of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the original load current detection method;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a method and circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the detection voltage waveform on the detection inductor when a sudden load current is applied. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, content and advantages of the present invention more clear, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0035] The present invention relates to a method and circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes in a UPS uninterruptible power supply system, and in particular to applications in which, when a modular UPS is lightly loaded and some power modules are in a dormant state but require rapid awakening when a heavier load is instantaneously applied, the rapid detection method and circuit structure designed herein can significantly shorten detection time and rapidly issue power module wake-up instructions without significantly occupying computing resources and operation time of intelligent control chips such as a CPU.

[0036] The present invention provides a method and circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes based on a conventional modular UPS. By using the method and circuit structure described above, sudden load current signals can be detected faster and earlier, thereby gaining more time for issuing a wake-up command in advance. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the detection and control system of the present invention, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, including:

[0037] The detection and control system circuit structure includes UPS main control circuit, several power modules, main control board, Hall current sensor He, current rise rate detection device Lo, resistor Rq, resistor Rz, switch K1, bidirectional signal extraction module, resistors R3, R4, Rf, sliding resistor RW1, capacitor C1 and comparator G1.

[0038] Among them, the input end of the UPS main control circuit is connected to Ui and the battery pack, and the output end is connected to several power modules. The output end of the power module is connected to the Hall current sensor He, and the output of the Hall current sensor He is connected to the AD sampling end of the main control board and the input end of the bidirectional signal extraction module. The other input end of the bidirectional signal extraction module is grounded through a parallel circuit of a resistor Rq, a switch K1, and a resistor Rz; the first output end of the bidirectional signal extraction module is connected to the positive pole of the comparator G1 through a resistor R4, the second output end is connected to the positive pole of the comparator G1 through a resistor R3, and the third output end is connected to +V through a sliding resistor RW1, and the sliding end of the sliding resistor RW1 is connected to the negative pole of the comparator G1; a capacitor C1 is connected between the positive pole of the comparator G1 and the third output end of the bidirectional signal extraction module; the positive pole of the comparator G1 is connected to the output end of the comparator G1 through a resistor Rf, and the output end of the comparator G1 is connected to the INT0 port of the main control board. The output of the main control board is connected to the power module and the UPS main control circuit.

[0039] Among them, the current rise rate detection inductor Lo, the bidirectional signal extraction module, and the comparator G1 form a pulse waveform detection and comparison circuit that can quickly detect UPS load impact changes. The sudden load current rise rate is converted into a voltage signal at both ends of Lo. After entering the bidirectional signal extraction module, it is converted into a signal level acceptable to the comparator G1. The comparator G1 generates a corresponding signal and sends it to the INT0 port of the main control board. After the intelligent chip in the main control board performs intelligent calculations, it issues a wake-up command at the appropriate time.

[0040] Among them, the current rise rate detection inductor Lo: The inductance in the total output circuit can quickly reflect the rise rate of the load current and play the role of load signal feedforward extraction. Because its inductance value is very small, the additional resistance value is almost negligible and will not have any impact on the operating efficiency of the UPS system.

[0041] Among them, the sudden load impact current range detection: Due to the physical characteristics of the inductor device, the current flowing through the inductor will not change suddenly, but the voltage across the current rise rate detection inductor Lo can change suddenly. Its maximum value is directly related to the current rise rate flowing through the inductor. The calculation formula is: UL = L*di / dt(V); The larger the sudden load, the greater the current rise rate, and the higher the detection voltage spike across the current rise rate detection inductor Lo. Its waveform is as follows Figure 5 When the main control board determines that the instantaneous current rise rate exceeds 3 to 5 times the current load current, it deems that a significant load has been applied and requires the dormant power modules to be awakened. Therefore, without having to wait for the current to actually reach the specified threshold, the potential range of the load current can be predicted in advance, allowing more time for the wake-up operation and better ensuring that the dormant power modules can be safely put into load operation.

[0042] Load current RMS detection: When the actual load of the UPS system is close to the wake-up interval, a smaller load input must also promptly wake up the dormant power modules. The above 3 to 5 times judgment basis can no longer be used, so this parameter needs to be corrected. The current rise rate detection inductor Lo has an RMS voltage value proportional to the RMS load current value. The calculation formula is:

[0043] UL=If*ωL(V).

[0044] Where, If is the effective value of the load current.

[0045] The voltage RMS signal reflects the actual load status of the UPS system. By using the same inductor L0 to obtain two current signals for control strategy calculation and integration, the wake-up signal threshold can be corrected in real time to ensure the fast and safe operation of the UPS system.

[0046] Bidirectional feedforward current signal extraction: In order to quickly respond to sudden load conditions, the sudden load current rise rate spike signals occurring in different time periods of the positive and negative half-cycles of the waveform must be immediately extracted, calculated, and judged. This requires high-speed detection processing, such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the bidirectional signal extraction module can convert the bidirectional peak signal into a unidirectional peak signal, which is convenient for the subsequent stage to perform calculation processing. At the same time, the real-time current effective value signal is also rectified and converted for use in the subsequent stage to correct the threshold parameters.

[0047] Inrush current slope judgment and correction: This part is composed of the signal generator with RW1 rising rate threshold value and comparator G1 as the core, such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, it includes two functions: small signal and interference processing, and load power deviation correction. Among them, the rising rate threshold is a pre-set voltage value, which serves as the threshold voltage for the comparator to flip action. When the detected voltage signal exceeds this threshold, the comparator G1 will be activated.

[0048] Small Signal and Interference Processing: R3 and C1 form a small signal suppression and interference filtering circuit, which suppresses or filters out small load fluctuations and small spike interference signals in the circuit, reducing unnecessary resource usage and system oscillation, and improving the operating stability of the UPS system. When the filtered current rate of rise signal exceeds the threshold preset by RW1, the signal generator composed of comparator G1 flips and issues an interrupt request signal. This signal also sends an early warning to other circuit functional modules on the mainboard, enabling related circuit functions to quickly resume operation when the wake-up signal arrives.

[0049] Load power deviation correction: Figure 4R3, R4, and Rf form a correction network for the flip threshold parameter. When the load increases, the load RMS voltage on the "-" terminal of the comparator G1 connected to RW1, which is fed back by the current RMS signal output from the bidirectional signal extraction module, also increases. This appropriately compensates the flip threshold point, allowing the comparator G1 to enter the flip action range in advance, and at the same time makes the signal generator work more stably.

[0050] Hibernation module wakeup involves two steps: generating a surge interrupt signal and verifying the wakeup command. The surge interrupt signal is generated by a signal generator composed primarily of comparators G1, RW1, and Rf. When the surge current rise rate exceeds a predetermined threshold, the signal generator issues an interrupt request waveform signal corresponding to the CPU smart chip, activating the CPU's interrupt function.

[0051] Wake-up command verification and generation: After receiving the interrupt request signal from the signal generator, the CPU chip immediately responds and processes it according to the interrupt priority. It digitally filters and corrects the relevant signals, compares and verifies current data with historical data, calls the actual load and sudden load calculation program, performs feedforward judgment and calculation on the possible increase range of the sudden load, then runs the corresponding control strategy program and issues the relevant execution command to perform the actual wake-up operation. Relevant signals include: load current rise rate signal, current load current RMS value signal, historical load current RMS value signal, system redundancy, current UPS operating status, and the number of dormant power modules.

[0052] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve the shortcomings of existing methods, such as slow response speed, large errors, or large occupation of CPU computing resources, which affects the response speed of other performance indicators. The present invention also provides a method for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes. Based on the functional components of existing modular UPS products, the method improves the shortcomings of the current conventional load impact current detection and control method. The method of performing calculation and evaluation on each sampled data is changed to a method of only performing calculation and evaluation on the sampled data when a large load impact change occurs, which greatly reduces the number of CPU chip calculations and evaluations required. While quickly detecting load impact current, it can fully release the computing power occupied by the original system CPU intelligent chip, improve the response speed of other related performance operations of the UPS host, and reserve more computing power resources for further improvement and enhancement of the performance of modular UPS products in the future.

[0053] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes, comprising:

[0054] (1) Load current detection link: An inductor device connected in series in the output circuit is used to detect the impact load current feedback signal to obtain information such as the current rise rate and the size of the sudden load capacity, providing a basis for predicting the range that the sudden load may reach in the future.

[0055] (2) Bidirectional feedforward current signal extraction link: The sudden load current signal input at different AC waveform time points is extracted in a timely manner, and the positive and negative pulse signals of different amplitudes are transformed into current signal waveforms that are compatible with the detection circuit.

[0056] (3) Impact current slope judgment link: The collected sudden load impact current rise rate signal is filtered out with small signal interference, the possible range of sudden load is predicted, and a power module pre-wake-up signal is issued.

[0057] (4) Sleep module wake-up link: perform control strategy calculation on the pre-wake-up signal and actual load current data to control the wake-up input, blocking and shutdown operations of the relevant power modules.

[0058] The above-mentioned method and circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes based on a conventional modular UPS, the detection method of the impact current is different from that of a conventional Hall current detection device. First, it is necessary to add an inductor that matches the test method in series to the total output circuit of the modular UPS, and take out the feedforward rise rate signal of the sudden impact current at both ends of the series inductor. At this time, the actual current is still very small, but the amplitude of the feedforward detection signal can be very large, so the corresponding control strategy can be taken in advance. The resistance of the added series detection inductor is very small, and the energy loss on it can be ignored, and there is no adverse effect on the performance and parameters of the original UPS.

[0059] The method and circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes based on a conventional modular UPS, wherein the load current detection link further includes:

[0060] (1) Impact peak range detection: The impact current generated by the sudden load generates an instantaneous impact spike voltage at both ends of the sampling inductor connected in series in the output circuit. The correlation between the maximum amplitude of the spike voltage and the current rise rate can indirectly reflect the spatial range that the future load current may reach.

[0061] (2) Effective value range detection: After the impact current spike caused by the sudden load has passed, the two ends of the sampling inductor connected in series in the output circuit generate the actual load current effective value signal, which is used to speed up the detection response speed and correct the deviation of the detection result.

[0062] The above-mentioned method and circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes based on conventional modular UPS, wherein the impact current slope determination step further includes:

[0063] (1) Small signal and interference processing: Filter and eliminate situations that do not require the dormant power module to wake up, such as normal load fluctuations under light load and the start-stop interference of a small amount of load, so that the UPS system is free from frequent wake-up operations, and the working state is more stable, safer, and the operating efficiency is higher.

[0064] (2) Load power deviation correction: The detected sudden surge current signal is corrected based on the actual load RMS value. When the actual load is small, the action threshold interval is reduced to improve system stability. When the actual load is large, the response time is shortened to speed up the wake-up action.

[0065] The above method and circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes based on a conventional modular UPS, wherein the sleep module awakening step further includes:

[0066] (1) Impact interrupt signal generation link: After the feedforward current impact signal is corrected, if it exceeds the preset flip threshold, the signal generator will send a pulse interrupt request signal to the CPU chip and notify the relevant circuit modules to prepare for waking up the dormant module.

[0067] (2) Wake-up instruction verification and generation link: The CPU intelligent chip immediately activates the load input evaluation calculation program after receiving the interrupt request, and performs digital filtering and calculation evaluation based on previous test data and current sampling data. Before the actual load current actually reaches the action threshold, the corresponding control strategy process can be started in advance based on the evaluation data, greatly shortening the response time.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the original total load current detection method of the modular UPS, such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the actual load of the modular UPS is reflected and calculated through the current waveform signal collected by the Hall current sensor He, which can fully reflect the actual dynamic waveform of the current. After combining it with the voltage sampling data for calculation, the peak value, effective value, rise rate of the current, as well as the active power, apparent power, peak power and other data of the load can be obtained, and these data can be used to control and manage the UPS system.

[0070] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow diagram of the method of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes, including:

[0071] Load current detection link S1: Use the current rise rate detection device Lo connected in series in the output circuit to detect the impact load current feedback signal, obtain information such as the current rise rate and the size of the sudden load capacity, and provide a basis for predicting the range that the sudden load may reach in the future.

[0072] Bidirectional feedforward current signal extraction link S2: The instantaneous signal of the sudden load current input at different AC waveform time points is extracted in a timely manner, and the positive and negative pulse signals of different amplitudes are transformed into current signal waveforms that are compatible with the pulse waveform detection and comparison circuit.

[0073] Inrush current slope judgment link S3: Filter out small signal interference on the collected sudden load inrush current rise rate signal, predict the possible range of sudden load, and send a power module pre-wake-up signal.

[0074] Sleep module wake-up link S4: Perform control strategy calculation on the pre-wake-up signal and actual load current data to control the wake-up, lock-down and other operations of the relevant power modules.

[0075] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method and circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes based on a conventional modular UPS, the load current detection link S1 further includes:

[0076] Impact peak range detection link S11: The impact current generated by the sudden load generates an instantaneous impact spike voltage at both ends of the current rise rate detection inductor Lo connected in series in the output circuit. The correlation between the maximum amplitude of the spike voltage and the current rise rate can indirectly reflect the spatial range that the future load current may reach.

[0077] Effective value range detection link S12: After the impact current spike caused by the sudden load has passed, the actual load current effective value signal is generated at both ends of the current rise rate detection inductor Lo connected in series in the output circuit, which is used to speed up the detection response speed and correct the deviation of the detection result.

[0078] like Figure 1 As shown, the method and circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes based on a conventional modular UPS, the impact current slope determination step S3 further includes:

[0079] Small signal and interference processing link S31: Filter and eliminate situations that do not require the dormant power module to wake up, such as normal load fluctuations under light load and start-stop interference of a small amount of load, so that the UPS system is free from frequent wake-up operations, and the working state is more stable, safer, and the operating efficiency is higher.

[0080] Load power deviation correction step S32: The bidirectional signal extraction module also outputs another load current RMS signal level, which is fed into the other input of comparator G1. The actual load current RMS value is used to correct the comparator's trigger threshold voltage, improving stability. The detected sudden surge current signal is corrected based on the current actual load RMS value. This reduces the action threshold range when the actual load is light, improving system stability. When the actual load is heavy, the response time is shortened, accelerating the wake-up action.

[0081] like Figure 1 As shown, the method and circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes based on a conventional modular UPS, the sleep module awakening step S4 further includes:

[0082] Impact interrupt signal generation link S41: After the feedforward current impact signal is corrected, if it exceeds the preset flip threshold, the signal generator will send a pulse interrupt request signal to the CPU chip and prepare to wake up the dormant power module.

[0083] Wake-up instruction verification generation link S42: After receiving the interrupt request, the CPU intelligent chip immediately activates the load input evaluation calculation program, combines previous test data and current sampling data for digital filtering and calculation evaluation, and can start the corresponding control strategy process in advance based on the evaluation data before the actual load current actually reaches the action threshold, greatly shortening the response time.

[0084] There are different targeted handling methods for different load impact current situations - that is, control strategies. The specific control strategy is composed of many algorithm subroutines. Different input conditions correspond to different algorithm subroutines, and the wake-up method, number, and time of the sleep module will be different. The UPS can work more efficiently and stably under the premise of fast wake-up.

[0085] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the above specific embodiments.

[0086] The present invention discloses a method and circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes based on a conventional modular UPS. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the process of the present invention, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes:

[0087] Step S110: To accurately reflect the actual size of the external load, a detection inductor must be connected in series to the host's total output circuit. The instantaneous voltage ULs across the inductor is L*di / dt, which corresponds to the rate of increase of the sudden load current. The larger the sudden load, the higher the instantaneous voltage ULs. This can proactively reflect the possible rise of the load current to a certain range.

[0088] Step S120: Since the actual load size will affect the determination of the load current rising range, it is necessary to correct the current rising rate signal collected in S110, speed up the sending speed of the wake-up signal, and collect the effective value of the voltage across the inductor UL=I*ωL at this time for calculation and correction.

[0089] Step S2: The instantaneous signal of the sudden load current on the series inductor at different AC waveform time points and the current real-time load effective value signal are extracted in a timely manner, and the positive and negative pulse signals of different amplitudes are transformed into voltage signal waveforms that are suitable for the detection circuit.

[0090] Step S310: For normal load fluctuations and smaller load inputs, the system does not need to wake up a new power module to respond. The circuit automatically performs filtering and shielding processing and does not issue an interrupt request signal to reduce the occupation of CPU computing resources.

[0091] Step S320: When the current load capacity is close to the wake-up value, a smaller sudden load can be used to start the wake-up operation. Therefore, the instantaneous current rise rate signal threshold must be appropriately modified to achieve the purpose of fast response and safe operation.

[0092] Step S410: When the sudden load detection signal exceeds a predetermined threshold, the interrupt signal generator sends an interrupt request signal to notify the CPU to start calling the calculation program, and at the same time sends an early warning to other related circuit modules to make relevant pre-wake-up preparations in advance.

[0093] Step S420: After receiving the request signal for sudden load increase, the CPU intelligent chip immediately responds according to the interrupt request priority level, calls the response calculation and evaluation program, performs digital filtering and feedforward calculation processing based on the previously collected and retained data, predicts the space and time where the load current may reach, and issues control strategy instructions for different situations.

[0094] Compared to the peak current method, this method can respond proactively when the load is first applied, before the actual load current reaches a higher threshold, buying more time for the sleep module to wake up. It also avoids errors and response lags caused by inaccurate sampling peak detection points.

[0095] Compared to real-time waveform calculation, this method eliminates the need for regular, timed evaluations of densely sampled signals, which consumes significant CPU resources. Instead, it only requires advanced calculations and evaluations when a sudden load current might reach the wake-up threshold. The corresponding control strategy is then executed based on actual conditions and needs, significantly conserving CPU computing resources.

[0096] In summary, the present invention provides a method and circuit structure for quickly detecting UPS load impact changes based on a conventional modular UPS. The load impact current detection method is completely different from the conventional Hall current detection method, but it is very simple and effective. It only requires local fine-tuning and improvement on the basis of the conventional modular UPS system, with almost no increase in cost and selling price, to achieve the purpose of advance detection of sudden load current and rapid awakening of dormant power modules, so that the UPS system can operate stably and for a long time in a higher operating efficiency range.

[0097] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes, characterized in that: The circuit structure includes a UPS main control circuit, several power modules, a main control board, a Hall current sensor He, a current rise rate detection device Lo, a resistor Rq, a resistor Rz, a switch K1, a bidirectional signal extraction module, resistors R3, R4, Rf, a sliding resistor RW1, a capacitor C1 and a comparator G1; Among them, the input end of the UPS main control circuit is connected to Ui and the battery pack, and the output end is connected to several power modules. The output end of the power module is connected to the Hall current sensor He, and the output of the Hall current sensor He is connected to the AD sampling end of the main control board and the input end of the bidirectional signal extraction module. The other input end of the bidirectional signal extraction module is grounded through a parallel circuit of a resistor Rq, a switch K1, and a resistor Rz; the first output end of the bidirectional signal extraction module is connected to the positive electrode of the comparator G1 through a resistor R4, the second output end is connected to the positive electrode of the comparator G1 through a resistor R3, and the third output end is connected to +V through a sliding resistor RW1, and the sliding end of the sliding resistor RW1 is connected to the negative electrode of the comparator G1; a capacitor C1 is connected between the positive electrode of the comparator G1 and the third output end of the bidirectional signal extraction module; the positive electrode of the comparator G1 is connected to the output end of the comparator G1 through a resistor Rf, and the output end of the comparator G1 is connected to the INT0 port of the main control board. The output of the main control board is connected to the power module and the UPS main control circuit; Among them, the current rise rate detection inductor Lo, the bidirectional signal extraction module, and the comparator G1 form a pulse waveform detection and comparison circuit that can quickly detect UPS load impact changes. The sudden load current rise rate is converted into a voltage signal at both ends of the current rise rate detection inductor Lo. After entering the bidirectional signal extraction module, it is converted into a signal level acceptable to the comparator G1. The comparator G1 generates a corresponding signal and sends it to the INT0 port of the main control board. After the intelligent chip in the main control board performs intelligent calculations, it issues a wake-up command at the appropriate time.

2. The circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes according to claim 1, wherein: The sudden increase in load will increase the current rise rate, and the detection voltage spike at both ends of the current rise rate detection inductor Lo will be higher. When the main control board determines that the instantaneous current rise rate exceeds 3 to 5 times the current load current, it is considered that a relatively large load has been input and the dormant power module needs to be awakened.

3. The circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes according to claim 1, wherein: The effective value of the voltage across the current rise rate detection inductor Lo is proportional to the effective value of the load current. The effective value voltage signal reflects the real-time load status of the UPS system.

4. The circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes according to claim 1, wherein: The bidirectional signal extraction module changes the bidirectional peak signal into a unidirectional peak signal, and at the same time performs rectification and transformation on the real-time current effective value signal for use in threshold parameter correction in the subsequent stage.

5. The circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes according to claim 1, wherein: The signal generator is composed of the RW1 rising rate threshold and the comparator G1 as the core. The rising rate threshold is a pre-set voltage value, which serves as the threshold voltage for the comparator to flip. When the detected voltage signal exceeds the threshold, the comparator G1 will be activated.

6. The circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes according to claim 5, wherein: R3 and C1 form a small signal suppression and interference filtering circuit to suppress or filter small-scale load fluctuations and small spike interference signals in the circuit. When the filtered current rise rate signal exceeds the threshold preset by RW1, the signal generator composed of comparator G1 flips and sends an interrupt request signal. This signal also sends an early warning to other circuit function modules on the mainboard, turning on related circuit functions so that they can quickly start working after the wake-up signal arrives.

7. The circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes according to claim 5, wherein: R3, R4, and Rf form a correction network for the flip threshold parameter. When the load increases, the load RMS voltage on the "-" terminal of the comparator G1 connected to RW1 also increases, compensating for the flip threshold point.

8. The circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: Comparators G1, RW1, and Rf form a signal generator. When the surge current rise rate exceeds a predetermined threshold, the signal generator sends an interrupt request waveform signal corresponding to the CPU smart chip to activate the CPU's interrupt function.

9. The circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes according to claim 8, wherein: After the CPU chip receives the interrupt request signal from the signal generator, it immediately responds and processes it quickly according to the interrupt priority level, digitally filters and corrects the relevant signals, compares and verifies the current data with the historical data, calls the actual load and sudden load calculation program, performs feedforward judgment calculation on the possible rising range of the sudden load, and then runs the corresponding control strategy program and issues relevant execution instructions to perform the actual wake-up operation.

10. The circuit structure for rapidly detecting UPS load impact changes according to claim 9, wherein: Related signals include: load current rise rate signal, current load current effective value signal, historical load current effective value signal, system redundancy, current UPS working status and the number of dormant power modules.

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