Method and system for evaluating ancient village landscape based on visual field analysis

Abstract

The application discloses an ancient village landscape evaluation method and system based on visual field analysis, which comprises the following steps: collecting data of a target area and preprocessing the data; constructing a visual field analysis optimization model based on the preprocessed data; obtaining visible areas in the target area based on the visual field analysis optimization model; combining water resource flow, landscape grades and visible areas in the target area to construct an ancient village landscape comprehensive evaluation method; obtaining a comprehensive evaluation index score of an observation point based on the ancient village landscape comprehensive evaluation method; judging whether the comprehensive evaluation index score of the observation point is greater than a set threshold value, and if yes, taking the observation point as a predicted viewing platform site; judging whether the distance between the predicted viewing platform site and an original viewing platform address is greater than an error range, and obtaining the accuracy of the predicted viewing platform site. The application is more scientific, reasonable and operable for the selection of the ancient village viewing platform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of image processing, and relates to an evaluation method and system for ancient village landscapes based on visibility analysis. Background Art

[0002] Visibility analysis is one of the common methods for ancient village planning and protection. Visibility analysis is a common terrain analysis method in geographic information systems. After inputting one or more observation points, traditional visibility analysis generates one or more binary region grids, including visible regions (denoted as "1") and invisible regions (denoted as "0"). Traditional visibility is determined by the relationship between visible objects and occluders, and visibility must simultaneously meet the following three conditions: a) the occluder is in front of the visible object; b) the line-of-sight direction is the same as the direction to be observed; c) the highest horizontal elevation angle of the occluder is greater than the highest horizontal of the target. The principle of visibility analysis is as shown in the appendix Figure 1 As shown, H is the height of the target object relative to the observation point, h is the height of the occluder relative to the observation point, L1 is the distance from the target object to the observation point, and l is the distance from the obstacle to the observation point. Among them, H, L1, and l can be calculated by GIS software. When the positions of the observation point, target object, and obstacle are known, the critical value t at which the obstacle is exactly blocked by the obstacle can be calculated.

[0003]

[0004] When t > h, the obstacle blocks the target object, indicating an invisible region.

[0005] When t < h, the obstacle does not block the target object, indicating a visible region.

[0006] However, traditional visibility analysis cannot be directly applied to the planning and protection of ancient villages. The main reasons are as follows: (1) There is a lack of a comprehensive evaluation method for ancient village landscapes. Planning and protecting ancient villages based solely on traditional visibility analysis is too one-sided. (2) When selecting locations suitable for human viewing, factors affecting the visual impact on humans are not considered, making it impossible to fully contact nature and achieve an immersive effect. (3) Only simply quantifying the area of the visible region of the landscape fails to start from the perspective of humans, ignoring the reduction in the proportion of the observed objects in the field of view as the distance between the observer and the target object increases, and the visual impact on the human eye also weakens accordingly. (4) There are many factors affecting the visual impact on humans, and the comprehensive evaluation method established based solely on visibility analysis is not reliable and complete. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem in the prior art that when selecting viewing sites, only the visible area of ​​the landscape is quantitatively analyzed without considering the visual impact of other factors on the human eye. This invention provides a method and system for evaluating ancient village landscapes based on visible field analysis.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0009] The evaluation method for ancient village landscapes based on visibility analysis includes:

[0010] Collect data from the target area and preprocess the data;

[0011] Based on the preprocessed data, construct a visual field analysis optimization model;

[0012] Based on the view area analysis optimization model, the visible area in the target area is obtained;

[0013] A comprehensive evaluation method for ancient village landscapes is constructed by combining water resource flow, landscape grade, and visible area in the target region.

[0014] Based on the comprehensive evaluation method of ancient village landscape, the comprehensive evaluation index scores of the observation points are obtained;

[0015] Determine whether the comprehensive evaluation index score of the observation point is greater than the set threshold. If it is greater, the observation point will be used as a predicted observation deck site selection point; if it is less than the threshold, the observation point will not be used as a predicted observation deck site selection point.

[0016] Determine whether the distance between the predicted observation deck location and the original observation deck location is greater than the error range to obtain the accuracy of the predicted observation deck location.

[0017] A further improvement of the present invention is that:

[0018] The data for the target area includes elevation maps, water resource distribution vector maps, and landscape distribution vector maps;

[0019] The data preprocessing involves inputting data from the target area using ArcGIS Pro software to obtain the slope and height between the observation point and the target point, the distance between the observation point and the target point, the amount of landscape covering the observation point, and the amount of water resources.

[0020] Based on the preprocessed data, a view domain analysis optimization model is constructed; specifically:

[0021] The elevation map includes observation points and target points; the observation points and target points are located at the summits of mountains at different elevations within the same space; the geometric relationship between the observation points and target points is as follows:

[0022]

[0023]

[0024]

[0025]

[0026]

[0027] θ=180°-γ-β2 (6)

[0028] Where h1 represents the altitude of the observation point; h2 represents the altitude of the target point; L represents the relative distance between the observation point and the target point; β1 represents the slope of the terrain where the observer is located; β2 represents the slope of the terrain where the observer is located; x4 is the distance between the observation point and the target point; x3 is the distance between the observation point and the foot of the mountain where the target point is located; x2 is the distance between the target point and the foot of the mountain where the target point is located; x1 is the distance between the observation point and the foot of the mountain where the observation point is located; θ is the angle between x2 and x3; r is the angle between x3 and L.

[0029] The visual impact of the target point on the observer is represented by the vertical angle α and the sensitivity S:

[0030] The vertical angle α is:

[0031]

[0032] Wherein, the vertical angle α is the angle between x4 and x3; the larger the vertical angle, the more obvious the visual impact of the target point on the observer.

[0033] The sensitivity S is:

[0034] S=sinβ(0°≤β≤90°) (8)

[0035] Where β is the terrain slope; when the line of sight is perpendicular to the landscape surface of the target point, the projected area is the largest, β is 90 degrees, and the sensitivity is 1; when the line of sight is parallel to the landscape surface of the target point, the projected area is the smallest, β is 0 degrees, and the sensitivity is 0; in other cases, it is between 0 and 1.

[0036] The greater the slope of the landscape surface at the target point relative to the observer's viewpoint, the greater the part of the landscape that is seen and the greater the likelihood of it being noticed, resulting in a greater visual impact on the human eye.

[0037] Based on the view area analysis optimization model, the visible area in the target region is obtained, specifically:

[0038] Divide the target area into several small grids using a fishing net, and select the center point of each grid as the observation point;

[0039] Traditional visibility analysis is performed on the target area to obtain the visible area of ​​the observation point;

[0040] The visible area of ​​the observation point is divided into fishing nets, and the center of each fishing net grid is selected as the target point.

[0041] Based on the visibility analysis optimization model, the geometric relationship between the observation point and the target point is processed to obtain the visible area in the target region.

[0042] The target area is divided into several small grids using a fishing net, and the center point of each grid is selected as the observation point; specifically:

[0043] Using ArcGIS Pro software, the target area was divided into small grids of 50,000m × 50,000m, and the center point of each grid was selected as the observation point.

[0044] Traditional visibility analysis is performed on the target area to obtain the visible area of ​​the observation point; specifically:

[0045] Based on the R3 algorithm, traditional visible area analysis is performed on the target region to obtain the visible area of ​​each observation point;

[0046] The visible area of ​​the observation point is divided into sections using fishing nets, and the center of each net grid is selected as the target point; specifically:

[0047] Based on ArcGIS Pro software, the visible area of ​​each observation point calculated by the R3 algorithm was re-divided according to a 30m×20m fishing net, and the center of each fishing net grid was selected as the target point.

[0048] A comprehensive evaluation method for ancient village landscapes is constructed by combining water resource flow, landscape grade, and visible area in the target region; based on this method, comprehensive evaluation index scores for observation points are obtained; specifically:

[0049] Based on water resource flow, landscape grade, and visible area in the target region, a comprehensive evaluation index system for traditional village landscape is constructed.

[0050] Based on the analytic hierarchy process, water resource flow, landscape grade, and visible area are divided into several levels;

[0051] The weight values ​​of each indicator in each level are obtained based on the arithmetic mean method.

[0052] Based on the weight values ​​of each indicator and the number of indicators included in each observation point, obtain the scores of each target point corresponding to each observation point.

[0053] Based on the arithmetic mean method, the weight values ​​of each indicator in each level are obtained, specifically:

[0054]

[0055] Where n represents the matrix order, λ represents the largest eigenvalue of the n-order matrix; i takes values ​​from 1 to n; a ij This is the result of the importance comparison between element i and element j.

[0056] Determine whether the comprehensive evaluation index score of the observation point is greater than the set threshold; specifically, display the comprehensive evaluation index score on the ArcGIS PRO platform; the set threshold is 70 points.

[0057] To determine the accuracy of the predicted observation deck location, the distance between the predicted location and the original location is determined to be greater than the error range.

[0058] Using the original viewing platform in the target area as the observation point and the geographical coordinates of the original viewing platform in the target area as the center, the comprehensive evaluation index scores of the four test points corresponding to 90°, 180°, 270° and 360° are calculated for every 500 meters increase in radius. Finally, the root mean square error of the comprehensive evaluation index scores for different error radii is obtained, and the root mean square error is shown in formula (10).

[0059]

[0060] Where p represents the number of test points, Xi represents the comprehensive evaluation score corresponding to the test point, and x represents the root mean square error of the original observation deck's evaluation score.

[0061] The ancient village landscape evaluation system based on visual field analysis includes:

[0062] A preprocessing module is used to collect data from the target area and preprocess the data.

[0063] The first construction module constructs a visual domain analysis optimization model based on the preprocessed data;

[0064] The acquisition module, based on the visual field analysis optimization model, acquires the visible area in the target area;

[0065] The second construction module is used to construct a comprehensive evaluation method for ancient village landscape by combining water resource flow, landscape level and visible area in the target area;

[0066] The evaluation index score acquisition module obtains the comprehensive evaluation index scores of the observation points based on the comprehensive evaluation method of ancient village landscape.

[0067] The first judgment module is used to determine whether the comprehensive evaluation index score of the observation point is greater than the set threshold.

[0068] The second determination module is used to determine whether the distance between the predicted observation deck location and the original observation deck location is greater than the error range, thereby obtaining the accuracy of the predicted observation deck location.

[0069] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0070] This invention constructs a visual domain analysis optimization model and combines it with water resource flow, landscape grade, and visible area in the target region to build a comprehensive evaluation method for ancient village landscapes. It determines whether the comprehensive evaluation index score of the observation point exceeds a set threshold to obtain the location of the viewing platform. This invention, by combining visual domain analysis results with water resource flow and landscape grade, constructs a comprehensive evaluation method for ancient village landscapes, considering different influencing factors, making it more reliable and complete. This invention is more scientific, rational, and operable in selecting viewing platforms for green landscapes in ancient villages, providing a good technical platform for the planning and protection of ancient villages.

[0071] Furthermore, this invention introduces two parameters, vertical angle and sensitivity, to represent the visual impact of the target point on the observer; considering the visual impact caused by changes in the distance and height difference between the green landscape and the observer, it can better analyze from the observer's perspective. Attached Figure Description

[0072] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0073] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of traditional field-of-view analysis;

[0074] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the ancient village landscape evaluation method based on visual field analysis according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical angle.

[0076] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the principle of relative slope.

[0077] Figure 5 This is a map showing the locations of observation points in an experiment using a comprehensive landscape evaluation method for a certain area.

[0078] Figure 6 A tree diagram showing the main parameter indicators of an experiment on a comprehensive landscape evaluation method for a certain area;

[0079] Figure 7 A graph showing the evaluation scores of target points corresponding to a given observation point;

[0080] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the ancient village landscape evaluation system based on visual field analysis according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 9 This is a rendering of an experiment using a comprehensive landscape evaluation method in a certain area.

[0082] Figure 10 This is a bar chart showing the overall score of a landscape evaluation for a certain area.

[0083] Figure 11 This is a graph showing the root mean square error of the impact score in the comprehensive landscape evaluation of a certain area.

[0084] Figure 12 This is a comparison chart showing the error analysis of an experiment on a comprehensive landscape evaluation method for a certain area. Detailed Implementation

[0085] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0086] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0087] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0088] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0089] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0090] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0091] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0092] See Figure 2 This invention discloses a method for evaluating the landscape of ancient villages based on visual field analysis, including:

[0093] S101, Collect data from the target area and preprocess the data;

[0094] The data for the target area includes elevation maps, water resource distribution vector maps, and landscape distribution vector maps; the data sources and uses are shown in Table 1.

[0095] Table 1. Data Sources and Usage

[0096]

[0097] The data preprocessing involves inputting data from the target area using ArcGIS Pro software to obtain the slope and height between the observation point and the target point, the distance between the observation point and the target point, the amount of landscape covering the observation point, and the amount of water resources.

[0098] S102, Based on the preprocessed data, construct a visual field analysis optimization model.

[0099] An elevation map includes observation points and target points; the observation points and target points are located at the tops of mountain peaks at different elevations within the same space.

[0100] When constructing a visual field analysis optimization model, vertical angle and relative slope need to be considered. Vertical angle takes into account factors affecting visual impact, such as the relative distance and height difference between the observer and the target point; the larger the vertical angle, the more pronounced the visual impact. When considering the terrain where the observer is located, the influence of relative distance and elevation difference on the vertical angle is as follows: Figure 3 As shown: the terrain slope of the target point and the observation point is magnified and simplified into a triangular plane. As the vertical height decreases and the distance between the target object and the observer increases, the viewing angle becomes smaller, the visibility weakens, and the visual impact on people also decreases accordingly.

[0101] See Figure 3 The geometric relationship between the observation point and the target point is as follows:

[0102]

[0103]

[0104]

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] θ=180°-γ-β2 (6)

[0108] Where h1 represents the altitude of the observation point; h2 represents the altitude of the target point; L represents the relative distance between the observation point and the target point; β1 represents the slope of the terrain where the observer is located; β2 represents the slope of the terrain where the observer is located; x4 is the distance between the observation point and the target point; x3 is the distance between the observation point and the foot of the mountain where the target point is located; x2 is the distance between the target point and the foot of the mountain where the target point is located; x1 is the distance between the observation point and the foot of the mountain where the observation point is located; θ is the angle between x2 and x3; r is the angle between x3 and L.

[0109] The vertical angle α is:

[0110]

[0111] Wherein, the vertical angle α is the angle between x4 and x3;

[0112] See Figure 4The greater the slope of the landscape surface relative to the observer's viewpoint, the greater the likelihood that the landscape will be seen and noticed, and the greater the visual impact on the human eye. The degree of visual impact brought about by the relative slope between the observer and the landscape is measured by the projected area of ​​the landscape surface along the line of sight; it is represented by sensitivity S.

[0113] S=sinβ(0°≤β≤90°) (8)

[0114] Where β represents the terrain slope; the projected area is largest when the line of sight is perpendicular to the landscape surface, with β being 90 degrees and a sensitivity of 1; the projected area is smallest when the line of sight is parallel to the landscape surface, with β being 0 degrees and a sensitivity of 0; in other cases, the value is between 0 and 1. When looking at the landscape surface at eye level or from below, the relative slope is the terrain slope; when looking down, the relative slope is 90° minus the terrain slope.

[0115] S103, based on the visible field analysis optimization model, obtains the visible area in the target area.

[0116] S103.1 Divide the target area into several small grids using a fishing net, and select the center point of each grid as the observation point.

[0117] Using ArcGIS Pro software, the target area was divided into 50,000m × 50,000m grids, and the center point of each grid was selected as the observation point.

[0118] S103.2, Perform traditional visible area analysis on the target area to obtain the visible area of ​​the observation point;

[0119] The target region is analyzed using the R3 algorithm to obtain the visible area of ​​each observation point.

[0120] S103.3, divide the visible area of ​​the observation point into fishing nets, and select the center of each fishing net grid as the target point.

[0121] Based on ArcGIS Pro software, the visible area of ​​each observation point calculated by the R3 algorithm was re-divided according to a 30m×20m fishing net, and the center of each fishing net grid was selected as the target point.

[0122] S103.4, based on the visible field analysis optimization model, processes the geometric relationship between the observation point and the target point to obtain the visible area in the target region.

[0123] S104. A comprehensive evaluation method for ancient village landscapes is constructed by combining water resource flow, landscape grade and visible area in the target area.

[0124] S104.1, Based on the water resource flow, landscape grade and visible area in the target area, construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for traditional village landscape.

[0125] S104.2, based on the analytic hierarchy process, divides water resource flow, landscape grade and visible area into several levels.

[0126] When using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to analyze traditional village landscape comprehensive evaluation methods, in order to establish an objective and accurate AHP model, the system structure is divided into a project layer, a factor layer, and an indicator layer. The project layer represents the research object, the factor layer represents the influencing factors of the research object, and the indicator layer represents the influencing indicators corresponding to the influencing factors. The indicator layer is further divided into primary indicators and secondary indicators according to their importance.

[0127] The process of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be summarized as follows:

[0128] (1) Model the problem as a hierarchical structure that includes decision objectives, alternative solutions to achieve the objectives, and criteria for evaluating the alternative solutions;

[0129] (2) Determine the priority between hierarchical elements by making a series of judgments based on pairwise comparisons of elements;

[0130] (3) Based on these judgments, a set of overall priorities is generated for the hierarchical structure;

[0131] (4) Check the consistency of the judgment;

[0132] (5) Make a final decision based on the results of this process.

[0133] See Figure 6Vertical angle and relative slope are used as two optimized parameters in the landscape comprehensive evaluation method's factor layer (visibility). Water resources are further divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary water systems according to water flow and scale. The smallest tributary is classified as a primary water system. Two primary water systems converge to form a secondary water system, and two secondary water systems converge to form a tertiary water system. The larger the water system, the stronger its impact on people. Therefore, primary, secondary, and tertiary water systems are used as indicators in the landscape comprehensive evaluation method's factor layer (water resources). According to the classification of tourist attractions in China, natural landscapes are divided into five categories: 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, and 5A. At the same time, cultural landscapes are divided into five categories according to their spiritual value and influence: Category I, Category II, Category III, Category IV, and Category V. Therefore, natural landscape and cultural landscape are used as the primary indicators of the factor layer (landscape) in the comprehensive landscape evaluation method. Levels 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, and 5A are used as secondary indicators for natural landscape, and Class I, II, III, IV, and V cultural land are used as secondary indicators for cultural landscape. In summary, the final factor layer for the evaluation indicators of traditional village landscapes is determined as: visibility B1, water resources B2, and landscape B3; the indicator layer is: vertical angle C1, relative slope C2, primary water system C3, secondary water system C4, tertiary water system C5, Class I D1, Class 2A D2, Class 3A D3, Class 4A D4, Class 5A D5, Class I cultural land D6, Class II cultural land D7, Class III cultural land D8, Class IV cultural land D9, and Class V cultural land D10. The comprehensive evaluation indicator system for traditional village landscapes is shown in Table 2.

[0134] Table 2. Comprehensive Evaluation Index System for Traditional Village Landscapes

[0135]

[0136] S105, Based on the comprehensive evaluation method of ancient village landscape, obtain the comprehensive evaluation index scores of the observation points;

[0137] S105.1, based on the algorithm averaging method, obtains the weight values ​​of each indicator in each level.

[0138] To minimize the difficulty of comparing factors of different natures and thus improve accuracy, the evaluation process requires pairwise comparisons of indicators, followed by a ranking based on the importance of each indicator. ij Table 3 lists nine importance levels and their assigned values ​​for the importance comparison results between element i and element j. The matrix formed by the pairwise comparison results is called the judgment matrix. The judgment matrix has the following properties:

[0139]

[0140] Table 3. Importance levels 1-9

[0141]

[0142] However, obtaining any weight requires a consistency check, which is based on the CR (consistency ratio). If CR < 1, the consistency check is passed and the result is considered acceptable. Otherwise, the matrix elements must be rearranged and rescaled according to Table 1 until CR meets the consistency condition. The RI (random consistency index) can be found in Table 4. The CR is calculated as follows:

[0143]

[0144] Based on the algorithmic averaging method, the weight values ​​of each indicator in each level are obtained, specifically as follows:

[0145] Assume judgment matrix A:

[0146]

[0147] The weight vector w obtained by the arithmetic mean method i for:

[0148]

[0149] Where n represents the matrix order, λ represents the largest eigenvalue of the n-order matrix, and i takes values ​​from 1 to n.

[0150] Table 4. Values ​​of the Random Consistency Index (RI)

[0151]

[0152]

[0153] The judgment matrices and consistency test results for the factor layer and each evaluation index layer are shown in Tables 5 to 10 below:

[0154] Table 5. Factor Layer Weights

[0155]

[0156] Table 6. Weights of Visibility Level 1 Indicators

[0157]

[0158] Table 7. Weights of Primary Indicators for Water Systems

[0159]

[0160] Table 8. Weights of Primary Landscape Indicators

[0161]

[0162] Table 9. Weights of Secondary Indicators for Natural Landscape

[0163]

[0164]

[0165] Table 10. Weights of Secondary Indicators for Cultural Landscape

[0166]

[0167] The final weight values ​​of the comprehensive evaluation index system for traditional village landscapes are shown in Table 11:

[0168] Table 11 Comprehensive Evaluation Index System for Traditional Village Landscape

[0169]

[0170] S105.2, based on the weight values ​​of each indicator and the number of indicators included in each observation point, obtain the scores of each target point corresponding to each observation point.

[0171] Based on the weight values ​​of the indicators in Table 11, and considering the number of indicators included at each observation point in the target area, the evaluation scores for each target point corresponding to the observation point are calculated. (See also...) Figure 7 This allows us to obtain the evaluation score of the target point corresponding to a certain observation point.

[0172] S106, determine whether the comprehensive evaluation index score of the observation point is greater than the set threshold. If it is greater, the observation point will be used as the predicted observation platform site selection point; if it is less, the observation point will not be used as the predicted observation platform site selection point.

[0173] The comprehensive evaluation index scores are displayed on the ArcGIS PRO platform; the threshold is set at 70 points.

[0174] S107, determine whether the distance between the predicted observation deck location and the original observation deck location is greater than the error range, and obtain the accuracy of the predicted observation deck location.

[0175] Using the original viewing platform in the target area as the observation point and the geographical coordinates of the original viewing platform in the target area as the center, the comprehensive evaluation index scores of the four test points corresponding to 90°, 180°, 270° and 360° are calculated for every 500 meters increase in radius. Finally, the root mean square error of the comprehensive evaluation index scores for different error radii is obtained, and the root mean square error is shown in formula (10).

[0176]

[0177] Where p represents the number of test points, Xi represents the comprehensive evaluation score corresponding to the test point, and x represents the root mean square error of the original observation deck's evaluation score.

[0178] The error range for the selection of observation decks is defined as follows: within a circle with the original observation point in the target area as the center and a radius of 1000 meters, all predicted observation points within this range meet the requirements.

[0179] See Figure 8 This invention discloses an evaluation system for ancient village landscapes based on visual field analysis, comprising:

[0180] A preprocessing module is used to collect data from the target area and preprocess the data.

[0181] The first construction module constructs a visual domain analysis optimization model based on the preprocessed data;

[0182] The acquisition module, based on the visual field analysis optimization model, acquires the visible area in the target area;

[0183] The second construction module is used to construct a comprehensive evaluation method for ancient village landscape by combining water resource flow, landscape level and visible area in the target area;

[0184] The evaluation index score acquisition module obtains the comprehensive evaluation index scores of the observation points based on the comprehensive evaluation method of ancient village landscape.

[0185] The first judgment module is used to determine whether the comprehensive evaluation index score of the observation point is greater than the set threshold.

[0186] The second determination module is used to determine whether the distance between the predicted observation deck location and the original observation deck location is greater than the error range, thereby obtaining the accuracy of the predicted observation deck location.

[0187] Example:

[0188] The technical solution of the present invention will be illustrated using a certain location as an example.

[0189] (1) Selection of observation points for the research scope

[0190] Taking a specific location as the research subject, the entire area is divided into fishing nets, and the center point of each fishing net is selected as the observation point, such as... Figure 5 As shown, a certain area is divided into a 5000m×5000m fishing net grid, and the center point of each grid is selected as the observation point.

[0191] (2) Data preprocessing

[0192] The elevation, slope, geographic coordinates and relative positions of the observation point and the target point of a certain location were extracted as experimental data for the visual field analysis optimization algorithm; the distribution of water resources and the number of scenic spots around the location were extracted as experimental data for the comprehensive evaluation method of ancient village landscape.

[0193] (3) Establish a visual field analysis optimization algorithm model and a comprehensive evaluation method for ancient village landscapes.

[0194] Based on the above experimental data, an experiment was conducted in a certain location using a visibility analysis optimization algorithm. The experimental results were then combined with key parameter indicators to establish a comprehensive landscape evaluation method for that location. The experimental results are as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the visual impact level is graded for different observation points. The overall landscape evaluation score for each observation point in this area is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, observation points 2, 3, and 4 satisfy the total score range of 70 to 100.

[0195] (4) Error Analysis

[0196] To select a suitable error radius during error analysis, the original viewing platform of the village was used as the observation point, and its calculated total visual impact score was used as the standard. Using the geographical coordinates of the original viewing platform as the center, the total visual impact score was calculated for four test points corresponding to 90°, 180°, 270°, and 360° for every 500-meter increase in radius. Finally, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the total visual impact score for different error radii was calculated. The method for calculating the RMS error is as follows: Figure 11 As shown, it can be seen that the root mean square error of the comprehensive evaluation index score increases significantly after the error radius exceeds 1000 meters. Within a range of 1000 meters, the visual impact effect seen by the human eye is basically the same.

[0197]

[0198] The error range for the site selection of the viewing platform is defined as follows: within a circle with the original viewing point of the ancient village as the center and a radius of 1000 meters, all predicted observation points within this range meet the requirements. The original viewing point address of the ancient village is compared with the predicted observation points obtained using the comprehensive evaluation method for ancient village landscapes proposed in this study. The resulting error analysis comparison diagram is shown below. Figure 12 As shown, it can be seen that all three viewpoints selected in this study are within the acceptable error range.

[0199] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the landscape of an ancient village based on visual field analysis, characterized in that, include: Collect data from the target area and preprocess the data; Based on the preprocessed data, construct a visual field analysis optimization model; Based on the view area analysis optimization model, the visible area in the target area is obtained; A comprehensive evaluation method for ancient village landscapes is constructed by combining water resource flow, landscape grade, and visible area in the target region. Based on the comprehensive evaluation method of ancient village landscape, the comprehensive evaluation index scores of the observation points are obtained; Determine whether the comprehensive evaluation index score of the observation point is greater than the set threshold. If it is greater, the observation point will be used as a predicted observation deck site selection point; if it is less than the threshold, the observation point will not be used as a predicted observation deck site selection point. Determine whether the distance between the predicted observation deck location and the original observation deck location is greater than the error range to obtain the accuracy of the predicted observation deck location. Specifically, the construction of a view domain analysis optimization model based on the preprocessed data includes: The elevation map includes observation points and target points; the observation points and target points are located at the summits of mountains at different elevations within the same space; the geometric relationship between the observation points and target points is as follows: in, Indicates the altitude of the observation point; Indicates the altitude of the target point; Indicates the relative distance between the observation point and the target point; Indicates the slope of the terrain at the observer's location; Indicates the slope of the terrain at the observer's location; The distance between the observation point and the target point. This is the distance between the observation point and the foot of the mountain where the target point is located; This is the distance between the target point and the foot of the mountain where the target point is located; This is the distance between the observation point and the foot of the mountain where the observation point is located; for and The included angle; for and The angle between them; The visual impact of the target point on the observer is represented by the vertical angle and the sensitivity S: Vertical angle is: Among them, vertical angle for and The angle between them; the larger the vertical angle, the more obvious the visual impact of the target point on the observer; The sensitivity S is: Where β is the terrain slope; when the line of sight is perpendicular to the landscape surface of the target point, the projected area is the largest, β is 90 degrees, and the sensitivity is 1; when the line of sight is parallel to the landscape surface of the target point, the projected area is the smallest, β is 0 degrees, and the sensitivity is 0; in other cases, it is between 0 and 1. The greater the slope of the landscape surface at the target point relative to the observer's viewpoint, the greater the likelihood that the landscape will be seen and noticed, and the greater the visual impact on the human eye.

2. The visual field analysis-based ancient village landscape evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data for the target area includes elevation maps, water resource distribution vector maps, and landscape distribution vector maps. The data preprocessing involves inputting data from the target area using ArcGIS Pro software to obtain the slope and height between the observation point and the target point, the distance between the observation point and the target point, the amount of landscape covering the observation point, and the amount of water resources.

3. The visual field analysis-based ancient village landscape evaluation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The optimization model based on the field of view analysis obtains the visible area in the target region, specifically as follows: Divide the target area into several small grids using a fishing net, and select the center point of each grid as the observation point; Traditional visibility analysis is performed on the target area to obtain the visible area of ​​the observation point; The visible area of ​​the observation point is divided into fishing nets, and the center of each fishing net grid is selected as the target point. Based on the visibility analysis optimization model, the geometric relationship between the observation point and the target point is processed to obtain the visible area in the target region.

4. The ancient village landscape evaluation method based on visual field analysis according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process involves dividing the target area into several small grids using a fishing net, and selecting the center point of each grid as the observation point; specifically: Using ArcGIS Pro software, the target area was divided into small grids of 50,000m × 50,000m, and the center point of each grid was selected as the observation point. Traditional visibility analysis is performed on the target area to obtain the visible area of ​​the observation point; specifically: Based on the R3 algorithm, traditional visible area analysis is performed on the target region to obtain the visible area of ​​each observation point; The visible area of ​​the observation point is divided into fishing nets, and the center of each fishing net grid is selected as the target point. Specifically: Based on ArcGIS Pro software, the visible area of each observation point calculated by R3 algorithm is re-divided according to the fishing net, and the center of each fishing net grid is selected as the target point. the fishing net, and the center of each fishing net grid is selected as the target point.

5. The method for evaluating the landscape of ancient villages based on visual field analysis according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for comprehensively evaluating the landscape of ancient villages is constructed by combining water resource flow, landscape grade, and visible area in the target region; based on the comprehensive evaluation method for the landscape of ancient villages, the comprehensive evaluation index scores of the observation points are obtained; specifically: Based on water resource flow, landscape grade, and visible area in the target region, a comprehensive evaluation index system for traditional village landscape is constructed. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, water resource flow, landscape grade, and visible area are divided into several levels; The weight values ​​of each indicator in each level are obtained based on the arithmetic mean method. Based on the weight values ​​of each indicator and the number of indicators included in each observation point, obtain the scores of each target point corresponding to each observation point.

6. The visual field analysis-based ancient village landscape evaluation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method of obtaining the weight value of each indicator in each level based on the arithmetic mean is as follows: Wherein, n represents the matrix order, λ represents the maximum eigenvalue of the n-order matrix; i is 1~n; The importance comparison result of element i and element j.

7. The visual field analysis-based ancient village landscape evaluation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The determination of whether the comprehensive evaluation index score of the observation point is greater than the set threshold is as follows: The comprehensive evaluation index score is displayed on the ArcGIS PRO platform; the set threshold is 70 points.

8. The visual field analysis-based ancient village landscape evaluation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The determination of whether the distance between the predicted observation deck location and the original observation deck location is greater than the error range, and the accuracy of the predicted observation deck location, is as follows: Using the original viewing platform in the target area as the observation point and the geographical coordinates of the original viewing platform in the target area as the center, the comprehensive evaluation index scores of the four test points corresponding to 90°, 180°, 270° and 360° are calculated for every 500 meters increase in radius. Finally, the root mean square error of the comprehensive evaluation index scores for different error radii is obtained, and the root mean square error is shown in formula (10). Where p represents the number of test points, Xi represents the comprehensive evaluation score corresponding to the test point, and x represents the root mean square error of the original observation deck's evaluation score.

9. The ancient village landscape evaluation system based on visual field analysis according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: A preprocessing module is used to collect data from the target area and preprocess the data. The first construction module constructs a visual domain analysis optimization model based on the preprocessed data; The acquisition module, based on the visual field analysis optimization model, acquires the visible area in the target area; The second construction module is used to construct a comprehensive evaluation method for ancient village landscape by combining water resource flow, landscape level and visible area in the target area; The evaluation index score acquisition module obtains the comprehensive evaluation index scores of the observation points based on the comprehensive evaluation method of ancient village landscape. The first judgment module is used to determine whether the comprehensive evaluation index score of the observation point is greater than the set threshold. The second determination module is used to determine whether the distance between the predicted observation deck location and the original observation deck location is greater than the error range, thereby obtaining the accuracy of the predicted observation deck location.

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