A soil water erosion retention amount monitoring method, system and electronic device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation, and particularly relates to a soil water erosion conservation amount monitoring method, system and electronic device, the method comprising: calculating an actual water erosion modulus of a preset area according to a rainfall erosion factor, a soil erodibility factor, a slope factor, a slope length factor, a vegetation coverage factor and a water and soil conservation factor of the preset area; calculating a maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area according to a preset maximum vegetation coverage factor, the rainfall erosion factor, the soil erodibility factor, the slope factor, the slope length factor and the water and soil conservation factor of the preset area; and then calculating a soil water erosion conservation amount of the preset area. On the one hand, the method is applicable to small-scale and occasional soil water erosion conservation amounts, and on the other hand, the method can meet the monitoring of soil water erosion conservation amounts of large areas by using a UAV, and in particular, the method can conveniently and quickly monitor water and soil loss events in remote areas, thereby avoiding manual monitoring and improving efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil and water conservation technology, and in particular to a method, system and electronic device for monitoring soil water erosion retention. Background Technology

[0002] Soil erosion is the process by which soil, soil bodies, or other surface components are broken down, separated, transported, and deposited under the hydraulic action of rainfall, runoff, and other water processes. Soil erosion is a fundamental geological process occurring in nature; however, human activities such as deforestation, agricultural reclamation, and especially industrialization and urbanization have accelerated this process. The erosion rate brought about by industrialization in various regions far exceeds the erosion rate suffered by vegetation under natural conditions, making soil erosion one of the most prevalent and persistent ecological geological hazards facing humanity today.

[0003] Soil erosion has led to serious consequences: (1) loss of fertile topsoil, damage to land resources, reduction of land productivity, and impact on food and ecological security; (2) sedimentation of silt transported during erosion processes, which blocks rivers and lakes and exacerbates droughts and floods, and the transported pollutants cause eutrophication of rivers, lakes and reservoirs, which in turn have a serious impact on the ecological environment and socio-economic development of downstream areas; (3) erosion and transport cause changes in the content and composition of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, which in turn affects the global biomass cycle and even becomes an important driver of global climate change.

[0004] Current calculations of soil water erosion retention primarily rely on field surveys, hydrological data analysis, and water erosion model simulations. Field surveys are easy to implement and well-established; however, their simplicity is susceptible to subjective bias, and they only provide results without addressing the erosion process, resulting in limited accuracy. Hydrological data analysis offers broad coverage and high efficiency, but it only obtains data from the watershed outlet, treating the watershed interior as a "black box," thus failing to capture information about soil erosion processes within the watershed. Water erosion model simulations are mature, clearly define erosion processes, and offer high accuracy; however, limited by input data constraints, most models can only conduct static studies based on annual and regional scales, lacking applicability to small-scale, sporadic soil wind erosion processes. Furthermore, manual monitoring is time-consuming, inefficient, and cannot meet the needs of monitoring soil wind erosion retention over large areas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a method, system and electronic device for monitoring soil water retention.

[0006] The technical solution of the method for monitoring soil water erosion retention of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] Multiple local images of a preset area are collected using a drone;

[0008] Generate the DOM and DEM of the preset region based on all local images;

[0009] Generate the DOM and DEM of the preset region based on all local images, calculate the vegetation cover factor of the preset region based on the DOM of the preset region, and calculate the slope factor and slope length factor of the preset region based on the DEM of the preset region.

[0010] The rainfall erosivity factor and soil erodibility factor of the preset area are calculated, and the water and soil conservation factor of the preset area is set.

[0011] Based on the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope factor, slope length factor, vegetation cover factor, and soil and water conservation factor of the preset area, the actual water erosion modulus of the preset area is calculated. Based on the preset maximum vegetation cover factor, as well as the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope factor, slope length factor, and soil and water conservation factor of the preset area, the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area is calculated.

[0012] The soil water retention capacity of the preset area is calculated based on the actual water erosion modulus and the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the soil water erosion retention monitoring method of the present invention are as follows:

[0014] On the one hand, it is also applicable to small-scale, sporadic soil water erosion retention. On the other hand, using drones can meet the monitoring of soil water erosion retention in larger areas, especially in remote areas where soil erosion events can be monitored conveniently and quickly, avoiding manual monitoring and being highly efficient.

[0015] The technical solution of the soil water erosion retention monitoring system of the present invention is as follows:

[0016] It includes a data acquisition module, a data generation and calculation module, a calculation settings module, a first calculation module, and a second calculation module;

[0017] The acquisition module is used to: acquire multiple local images of a preset area using a drone;

[0018] The generation and calculation module is used to: generate the DOM and DEM of the preset region based on all local images, calculate the vegetation coverage factor of the preset region based on the DOM of the preset region, and calculate the slope factor and slope length factor of the preset region based on the DEM of the preset region;

[0019] The calculation setting module is used to: calculate the rainfall erosivity factor and soil erodibility factor of the preset area, and set the water and soil conservation factor of the preset area;

[0020] The first calculation module is used to: calculate the actual water erosion modulus of the preset area based on the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope factor, slope length factor, vegetation coverage factor, and soil and water conservation factor of the preset area; and calculate the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area based on the preset maximum vegetation coverage factor, as well as the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope factor, slope length factor, and soil and water conservation factor of the preset area.

[0021] The second calculation module is used to calculate the soil water retention capacity of the preset area based on the actual water erosion modulus of the preset area and the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the soil water erosion retention monitoring system of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] On the one hand, it is also applicable to small-scale, sporadic soil water erosion retention. On the other hand, using drones can meet the monitoring of soil water erosion retention in larger areas, especially in remote areas where soil erosion events can be monitored conveniently and quickly, avoiding manual monitoring and being highly efficient.

[0024] The technical solution of an electronic device according to the present invention is as follows:

[0025] The method includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of a method for monitoring soil water erosion retention as described in any of the preceding claims. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for monitoring soil water erosion retention according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the spatial distribution of soil water erosion retention in the Sanjiangyuan sample plot;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a soil water erosion retention monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring soil water retention, comprising the following steps:

[0030] S1. Collect multiple local images of a preset area using a drone;

[0031] The preset area is the area where soil wind erosion retention needs to be monitored, and can be set according to the actual situation.

[0032] S2. Generate the DOM and DEM of the preset region based on all local images. Calculate the vegetation cover factor of the preset region based on the DOM of the preset region. Calculate the slope factor and slope length factor of the preset region based on the DEM of the preset region.

[0033] Since directly capturing the entire image of the preset area generally results in a low overall image resolution, a high-resolution overall image of the preset area, i.e., the DEM of the preset area, can be generated by stitching together multiple local images.

[0034] Among them, the DOM of the preset area is a digital elevation model used to represent the terrain and landforms of the preset area;

[0035] The specific methods for generating the DOM and DEM of the preset area are as follows:

[0036] 1) First method: Import multiple local images of the preset area collected by the UAV into the DPgrid image processing platform, and after aerial triangulation and DEM editing, generate DOM and DEM of the preset area with high spatial resolution;

[0037] 2) The second method: Select and perform uniform light and color processing on the overexposed and / or dark local images. Import the local images after uniform light and color processing, as well as other remaining local images with normal exposure and / or normal brightness, into the DPgrid image processing platform. After aerial triangulation and DEM editing, generate DOM and DEM of the preset area with high spatial resolution.

[0038] S3. Calculate the rainfall erosivity factor and soil erodibility factor of the preset area, and set the water and soil conservation factor of the preset area.

[0039] S4. Calculate the actual water erosion modulus of the preset area based on the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope factor, slope length factor, vegetation coverage factor, and soil and water conservation factor of the preset area. Calculate the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area based on the preset maximum vegetation coverage factor, as well as the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope factor, slope length factor, and soil and water conservation factor of the preset area.

[0040] S5. Calculate the soil water retention capacity of the preset area based on the actual water erosion modulus and the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area.

[0041] On the one hand, current technology makes it difficult to monitor small-scale soil erosion events using satellites. However, the high spatial resolution of UAV imagery allows for the monitoring of small-scale, sporadic soil erosion events. Therefore, this invention is also applicable to small-scale, sporadic soil water retention. On the other hand, UAVs can monitor soil water retention over larger areas, especially enabling convenient and rapid monitoring of soil erosion events in remote areas, avoiding manual monitoring and achieving high efficiency.

[0042] Optionally, the above technical solution also includes:

[0043] S6. Classification of Soil Erosion Intensity Levels: Based on the soil water erosion modulus, different soil erosion intensity levels are classified, generally into mild erosion, moderate erosion, severe erosion, extremely severe erosion, and extreme erosion. The classification criteria are related to soil type. Soil erosion levels reflect the rationality of land use in a certain area and provide important references for soil and water conservation planning and management, as well as scientific decision-making.

[0044] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the process of calculating the rainfall erosivity factor of the preset area in S3 includes:

[0045] S30. Calculate the rainfall erosivity factor of the preset area using the first formula. The first formula is: ,in, This indicates the average annual rainfall (mm) for the preset area. For the first Monthly rainfall (mm).

[0046] Among them, rainfall erosivity factor This reflects the potential erosive effect of rainfall on soil and is a major driving force behind soil erosion. Using rainfall observation data from meteorological stations in the study area, the first... Monthly rainfall and average annual rainfall .

[0047] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the process of calculating the soil erodibility factor of the preset area in S3 includes:

[0048] S31. Calculate the soil erodibility factor of the preset area using the second formula. The second formula is: ,in, This indicates the sand content (%) in the preset area. This indicates the powder content (%) of the preset area. This indicates the clay content (%) of the preset area. This indicates the percentage of organic carbon in the preset area. .

[0049] Soil erosion occurs on the soil surface, and soil erodibility factors reflect the soil's erosion sensitivity, which is determined by the soil's properties. Different soil properties result in different erodibility factor values. Basic soil properties include the content of silt, sand, clay, and organic carbon. Currently, there are many methods for estimating the soil erodibility factor K, among which the nomograph method proposed by Wischemeier et al. and the EPIC soil erodibility calculation model proposed by Williams et al. are the most widely used. This invention selects the EPIC model to calculate the soil erodibility factor. The specific calculation formula is the second formula.

[0050] Among them, the diameter of sand particles is 0.050~2.000mm, the diameter of powder particles is 0.002~0.050mm, and the diameter of clay particles is <0.002mm.

[0051] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the process of calculating the slope length factor of the preset area in S3 includes:

[0052] S32. Calculate the slope length factor of the preset area using the third formula. The third formula is ,in, , , ， Indicates the slope of the preset area. This represents the rate of change of elevation in the north-south direction of the preset area. This indicates the rate of change of elevation in the east-west direction of the preset area. This represents the horizontal slope length (m) of the preset area, which is the slope length value extracted from the DEM. The slope length index, 22.13 represents the ratio of gully erosion to surface erosion, and 22.13 represents the slope length (m) of the standard plot.

[0053] Calculate using the DEM of the preset area and The process is as follows:

[0054] Using a 3×3 moving window, a third-order inverse distance squared weighted difference model is applied to the DEM of the preset region. and The solution is as follows:

[0055] ;

[0056] ;

[0057] in, The spatial resolution of the DEM for the preset area. The elevation of each grid point around the center position of the moving window.

[0058] Topography is a fundamental natural geographical element influencing soil erosion. It affects the formation and development of soil and vegetation, restricts the redistribution of matter and energy on the Earth's surface, and determines the movement and direction of surface runoff. In the RUSLE model, slope and slope length are indicators for measuring the impact of topography on soil erosion. The greater the slope, the greater the runoff energy and the stronger the scouring capacity of the slope surface; the greater the slope length, the greater the runoff volume and the stronger the erosion.

[0059] The slope length factor L is calculated using the third formula proposed by Wischmeier.

[0060] The slope factor S is calculated using the formula established by Renard et al.:

[0061]

[0062] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the process of calculating the vegetation cover factor of the preset area in S3 includes:

[0063] S33. Calculate the vegetation coverage factor of the preset area using the fourth formula. (Dimensionless), the fourth formula is: ,in, Indicates the preset area VDVI The index is the differential vegetation index. This indicates the first preset parameter. This indicates the second preset parameter. The value is generally 2.5. The value is usually 1, but can also be set according to the actual situation. and The value of .

[0064] Vegetation Coverage Factor At a small-area scale, calculations are performed using the DOM of a predefined region. VDVI Index, and then estimate Specific calculations VDVI The formula for the exponent is as follows:

[0065] G represents the green band of the digital orthophoto (DOM) product acquired by the UAV, R represents the red band, and B represents the blue band.

[0066] Among them, the water and soil conservation factors of the preset area are set. The process is as follows:

[0067] Soil and water conservation factors It is the ratio of soil loss after certain treatments to soil loss when vegetation is planted downhill; a soil and water conservation measure factor. The value range is between 0 and 1. This indicates an area free from erosion. This indicates areas where no soil and water conservation measures have been implemented. Land use information can indirectly reflect soil and water conservation measures. In large-scale watershed soil erosion studies, a method combining field survey data and assigning values ​​to different land use types is commonly used. Combining literature and the land use types of the study area, agricultural land... The value is set to 0.15; there is no erosion in water bodies, wetlands, bare rocks, and snow and ice. The value is set to 0; for other land use types, virtually no water conservation measures were implemented, therefore, in this application... The value is usually 1.

[0068] Optionally, in the above technical solution, step S4, calculating the actual water erosion modulus of the preset area, includes:

[0069] S40. Calculate the actual water erosion modulus of the preset area using the fifth formula. , .

[0070] Among them, the actual water erosion modulus The unit is (t / (hm)) 2 •a) ), Rainfall erosivity factor The unit is (MJ·mm) / (km) 2 ·h·a), soil erodibility factor The unit is (t·km) 2 ·h) / (km 2 ·MJ·mm), , , All are dimensionless, soil and water conservation factors It is dimensionless.

[0071] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the process of calculating the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area in step S4 includes:

[0072] S41. Calculate the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area using the sixth formula. , ,in, This represents the preset maximum vegetation cover factor, where, The value can be 1, or it can be set according to the actual situation.

[0073] Optionally, in the above technical solution, step S5, the process of calculating the soil water retention capacity of the preset area includes:

[0074] S50. Calculate the soil water retention capacity of the preset area using the seventh formula. The seventh formula is: .

[0075] The core idea of ​​this invention is to construct a soil water erosion retention monitoring and assessment platform based on a UAV low-altitude remote sensing system, realizing the real-time production of sub-centimeter-level high spatial resolution digital orthophoto (DOM) and digital elevation model (DEM); using the DOM and DEM products produced by the UAV, high-precision surface vegetation cover factor and slope length factor are obtained in real time; with the help of other auxiliary data, rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, and soil and water conservation factor are obtained sequentially; and with the help of an improved soil loss equation, small-scale, high-precision, real-time monitoring and assessment of soil water erosion retention is achieved.

[0076] This method improves upon the traditional universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) by utilizing UAV photogrammetry to obtain some parameters of the equation. The new method can not only calculate soil water retention for small areas but also boasts advantages such as high accuracy and fast response, making it particularly suitable for monitoring soil water erosion in civil engineering projects. This application employs UAVs and the aforementioned method for monitoring and assessing soil water retention, achieving the following technical advantages compared to existing technologies:

[0077] 1) This method introduces high spatial resolution (sub-centimeter level) UAV DOM and DEM data, which can finely depict the topography of soil water erosion areas, the distribution of low vegetation, and other conditions.

[0078] 2) This method improves the traditional soil loss equation, making it not only theoretically sound but also applicable to a wider range of situations.

[0079] 3) Using drones for soil water erosion surveys and assessments not only allows for monitoring of small areas, but also offers advantages such as high precision and fast response, making it particularly suitable for monitoring soil water erosion in civil engineering projects.

[0080] Using a test area in the Sanjiangyuan region as a predefined area, this invention will be described in detail below:

[0081] S100. Using rainfall observation data from meteorological stations in the Sanjiangyuan region, the monthly average rainfall and annual average rainfall were statistically analyzed, and the rainfall erosivity factor was calculated.

[0082] S101. The soil erodibility factor was calculated by obtaining the content of silt, sand, clay and organic carbon in the soil of the Sanjiangyuan experimental area through soil texture survey.

[0083] S102. After aerial triangulation and DEM editing of UAV images acquired in the Sanjiangyuan experimental area, high spatial resolution DOM and DEM of the study area are obtained; the slope length factor LS is calculated using the DEM; and the vegetation cover factor is calculated using the DOM.

[0084] S103. Assign values ​​to soil and water conservation factors for different land use types based on field survey data;

[0085] S104. Using the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, soil and water conservation factor, slope and slope length factor, and vegetation cover factor calculated above, the soil water retention capacity of the Sanjiangyuan sample plots is calculated using the soil loss equation. Figure 2 As shown.

[0086] In the above embodiments, although the steps are numbered S1, S2, etc., they are only specific embodiments given in this application. Those skilled in the art can adjust the execution order of S1, S2, etc. according to the actual situation, which is also within the protection scope of this invention. It can be understood that in some embodiments, some or all of the above embodiments may be included.

[0087] like Figure 3 As shown, a soil water erosion retention monitoring system 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a data acquisition module 210, a generation and calculation module 220, a calculation setting module 230, a first calculation module 240, and a second calculation module 250.

[0088] The acquisition module 210 is used to: acquire multiple local images of a preset area using a drone;

[0089] The generation and calculation module 220 is used to: generate the DOM and DEM of the preset area based on all local images; calculate the vegetation coverage factor of the preset area based on the DOM of the preset area; and calculate the slope factor and slope length factor of the preset area based on the DEM of the preset area.

[0090] The calculation setting module 230 is used to: calculate the rainfall erosivity factor and soil erodibility factor of the preset area, and set the water and soil conservation factor of the preset area;

[0091] The first calculation module 240 is used to: calculate the actual water erosion modulus of the preset area based on the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope factor, slope length factor, vegetation coverage factor and soil and water conservation factor of the preset area; and calculate the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area based on the preset maximum vegetation coverage factor, as well as the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope factor, slope length factor and soil and water conservation factor of the preset area.

[0092] The second calculation module 250 is used to calculate the soil water erosion retention of the preset area based on the actual water erosion modulus and the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area.

[0093] On the one hand, it is also applicable to small-scale, sporadic soil water erosion retention. On the other hand, using drones can meet the monitoring of soil water erosion retention in larger areas, especially in remote areas where soil erosion events can be monitored conveniently and quickly, avoiding manual monitoring and being highly efficient.

[0094] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the process of calculating the rainfall erosivity factor of the preset area by the calculation setting module 230 includes:

[0095] Calculate the rainfall erosivity factor of the preset area using the first formula. The first formula is: ,in, This indicates the average annual rainfall of the preset area. For the first Monthly rainfall.

[0096] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the process of calculating the soil erodibility factor of the preset area by the calculation setting module 230 includes:

[0097] The soil erodibility factor of the preset area was calculated using the second formula. The second formula is: ,in, Indicates the sand content of the preset area. Indicates the particle content of the preset area. Indicates the clay content of the preset area. This indicates the organic carbon content of the preset area. .

[0098] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the process of calculating the slope length factor of the preset area by the calculation setting module 230 includes:

[0099] Calculate the slope length factor of the preset area using the third formula. The third formula is ,in, , , ， Indicates the slope of the preset area. This represents the rate of change of elevation in the north-south direction of the preset area. This indicates the rate of change of elevation in the east-west direction of the preset area. This indicates the horizontal slope length of the preset area.

[0100] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the process by which the calculation setting module 230 calculates the vegetation cover factor of the preset area includes:

[0101] Calculate the vegetation cover factor of the preset area using the fourth formula. The fourth formula is: ,in, Indicates the preset area VDVI index, This indicates the first preset parameter. This indicates the second preset parameter.

[0102] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the process by which the first calculation module 240 calculates the actual water erosion modulus of the preset area includes:

[0103] The actual water erosion modulus of the preset area is calculated using the fifth formula. , .

[0104] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the process by which the first calculation module 240 calculates the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area includes:

[0105] The maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area is calculated using the sixth formula. , ,in, This represents the preset maximum vegetation coverage factor.

[0106] Optionally, in the above technical solution, the process by which the second calculation module 250 calculates the soil water erosion retention of the preset area includes:

[0107] Calculate the soil water retention capacity of the preset area using the seventh formula. The seventh formula is: .

[0108] The parameters and steps of each unit module in the soil water erosion retention monitoring system 200 of the present invention that implement the corresponding functions can be referred to the parameters and steps in the embodiments of the soil water erosion retention monitoring method described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0109] An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of a method for monitoring soil water erosion retention as described above.

[0110] The electronic device can be a computer, mobile phone, etc., and the corresponding program is computer software or mobile APP, etc. The parameters and steps of the above-mentioned electronic device of the present invention can be referred to the parameters and steps in the embodiment of the soil water erosion retention monitoring method above, and will not be repeated here.

[0111] Those skilled in the art will know that this invention can be implemented as a system, method, or computer program product.

[0112] Therefore, this disclosure can be implemented in the following forms: it can be entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software, generally referred to herein as a "circuit," "module," or "system." Furthermore, in some embodiments, the invention can also be implemented as a computer program product in one or more computer-readable media containing computer-readable program code.

[0113] Any combination of one or more computer-readable media may be used. A computer-readable medium can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this document, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program that can be used by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0114] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring soil water erosion retention, characterized in that, include: Multiple local images of a preset area are collected using a drone; Generate the DOM and DEM of the preset region based on all local images, calculate the vegetation cover factor of the preset region based on the DOM of the preset region, and calculate the slope factor and slope length factor of the preset region based on the DEM of the preset region. The rainfall erosivity factor and soil erodibility factor of the preset area are calculated, and the water and soil conservation factor of the preset area is set. Based on the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope factor, slope length factor, vegetation cover factor, and soil and water conservation factor of the preset area, the actual water erosion modulus of the preset area is calculated. Based on the preset maximum vegetation cover factor, as well as the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope factor, slope length factor, and soil and water conservation factor of the preset area, the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area is calculated. The soil water erosion retention capacity of the preset area is calculated based on the actual water erosion modulus and the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area. The process of calculating the rainfall erosivity factor of the preset area includes: The rainfall erosivity factor of the preset area is calculated using the first formula. The first formula is: ,in, This represents the average annual rainfall of the preset area. For the first Monthly rainfall; The process of calculating the soil erodibility factor of the preset area includes: The soil erodibility factor of the preset area is calculated using the second formula. The second formula is: ,in, This indicates the sand content of the preset area. This indicates the particle content of the preset area. This indicates the clay content of the preset area. This indicates the organic carbon content of the preset area. ; The process of calculating the slope length factor of the preset area includes: The slope length factor of the preset area is calculated using the third formula. The third formula is ,in, , , ， This indicates the slope of the preset area. This represents the rate of elevation change in the north-south direction of the preset area. This represents the rate of change of elevation in the east-west direction of the preset area. This indicates the horizontal slope length of the preset area.

2. The method for monitoring soil water erosion retention according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of calculating the vegetation cover factor of the preset area includes: The vegetation cover factor of the preset area is calculated using the fourth formula. The fourth formula is: ,in, Represents the preset area VDVI index, This indicates the first preset parameter. This indicates the second preset parameter.

3. The method for monitoring soil water erosion retention according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of calculating the actual water erosion modulus of the preset area includes: The actual water erosion modulus of the preset area is calculated using the fifth formula. , .

4. The method for monitoring soil water erosion retention according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of calculating the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area includes: The maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area is calculated using the sixth formula. , ,in, This represents the preset maximum vegetation coverage factor.

5. The method for monitoring soil water erosion retention according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of calculating the soil water retention capacity of the preset area includes: The soil water retention capacity of the preset area is calculated using the seventh formula. The seventh formula is: .

6. A soil water erosion retention monitoring system, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition module, a data generation and calculation module, a calculation settings module, a first calculation module, and a second calculation module; The acquisition module is used to: acquire multiple local images of a preset area using a drone; The generation and calculation module is used to: generate the DOM and DEM of the preset region based on all local images, calculate the vegetation coverage factor of the preset region based on the DOM of the preset region, and calculate the slope factor and slope length factor of the preset region based on the DEM of the preset region; The calculation setting module is used to: calculate the rainfall erosivity factor and soil erodibility factor of the preset area, and set the water and soil conservation factor of the preset area; The first calculation module is used to: calculate the actual water erosion modulus of the preset area based on the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope factor, slope length factor, vegetation coverage factor, and soil and water conservation factor of the preset area; and calculate the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area based on the preset maximum vegetation coverage factor, as well as the rainfall erosivity factor, soil erodibility factor, slope factor, slope length factor, and soil and water conservation factor of the preset area. The second calculation module is used to: calculate the soil water erosion retention of the preset area based on the actual water erosion modulus of the preset area and the maximum water erosion modulus of the preset area; The calculation setting module calculates the rainfall erosivity factor for a preset area, including: Calculate the rainfall erosivity factor of the preset area using the first formula. The first formula is: ,in, This indicates the average annual rainfall of the preset area. For the first Monthly rainfall; The calculation setting module calculates the soil erodibility factor for a preset area, including: The soil erodibility factor of the preset area was calculated using the second formula. The second formula is: ,in, Indicates the sand content of the preset area. Indicates the particle content of the preset area. Indicates the clay content of the preset area. This indicates the organic carbon content of the preset area. .

7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of a method for monitoring soil water erosion retention as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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