A tool locking cylinder structure for a machine tool spindle power head

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tool locking cylinder structure for a machine tool spindle power head, comprising: a cylinder body, in which a piston assembly is arranged; a force increasing assembly, which is movably arranged in the cylinder body and is matched with the piston assembly; a spindle, one end of the spindle is inserted into the cylinder body and is coaxially arranged with the cylinder body, a thrust screw, one end of the thrust screw penetrates into the cylinder body and passes through the force increasing assembly, and the other end of the thrust screw penetrates into the spindle; an elastic assembly, the elastic assembly is sleeved on the thrust screw and is located in the spindle, and the elastic assembly is used to provide elastic force; a pull rod, the pull rod penetrates into the spindle and is coaxially connected with the thrust screw; wherein, the force increasing assembly includes a force increasing wedge block and a wedge block bushing sleeved on the thrust screw, one end of the wedge block bushing abuts against the elastic assembly, and the other end of the wedge block bushing abuts against the force increasing wedge block. The present invention has a large tool pulling force, does not damage the spindle structure, has a wide application range and is convenient for maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of machine tools, and particularly to a tool locking cylinder structure for a power head of a machine tool spindle. Background Art

[0002] In the field of machine tools, in order to adapt to the one-time processing of more complex parts, the rapid replacement of the cutting tools on the machine tool spindle is a standard for measuring the machining ability of the machine tool. During the machining process, due to requirements such as high rotational speed and large cutting force, higher challenges are also posed to the pulling force requirements of the tool holder. In existing applications, in order to meet the tool changing and tool pulling requirements of the machine tool, traditional cylinders are used to push for tool changing. Such a method not only occupies a large floor space, consumes a high amount of energy, and has frequent failure rates, but also often causes the situation where the pulling force of the cylinder damages the machine tool spindle due to unreasonable design. Because in the traditional tool pulling design, the tool pulling cylinder is designed outside, and the pulling force is applied to the spindle, which causes the spindle to bear a large external force. Long-term use not only affects the accuracy of the spindle but also affects the internal structure of the spindle, reducing the service life of the machine tool and increasing the maintenance cost of the enterprise.

[0003] Therefore, in view of the above industry status and the actual problems faced, it is necessary to develop a tool locking cylinder for a power head of a machine tool spindle that can solve the above industry problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention is to avoid the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a tool locking cylinder structure for a power head of a machine tool spindle, which improves the tool pulling force while avoiding spindle damage.

[0005] The present invention solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical solutions: A tool locking cylinder structure for a power head of a machine tool spindle, comprising:

[0006] A cylinder body, in which a piston assembly is arranged;

[0007] An intensifying component, movably arranged in the cylinder body, and the intensifying component is matched with the piston assembly;

[0008] A spindle, one end of which is inserted into the cylinder body and arranged coaxially with the cylinder body,

[0009] A thrust screw, one end of which penetrates into the cylinder body and passes through the intensifying component, and the other end of the thrust screw penetrates into the spindle;

[0010] An elastic component, sleeved on the thrust screw and located inside the spindle, and the elastic component is used to provide elastic force;

[0011] A pull rod, which penetrates into the spindle and is coaxially connected with the thrust screw;

[0012] Among them, the force - increasing component includes a force - increasing wedge block and a wedge - block bushing sleeved on the thrust screw. One end of the wedge - block bushing abuts against the elastic component, and the other end of the wedge - block bushing abuts against the force - increasing wedge block. The force - increasing wedge block is in contact and cooperation with the piston component.

[0013] In several embodiments, the piston component includes a downward - pressing piston, a pushing piston sleeve, and a downward - pressing guide pin. The downward - pressing piston is in contact and cooperation with the pushing piston sleeve and is coaxially arranged in the cylinder body. The pushing piston sleeve is sleeved on the thrust screw, and the downward - pressing guide pin penetrates into the pushing piston sleeve and is arranged parallel to the thrust screw.

[0014] In several embodiments, the pushing piston sleeve is located between the downward - pressing piston and the force - increasing wedge block.

[0015] In several embodiments, one end of the downward - pressing guide pin is connected to the force - increasing wedge block, and the force - increasing wedge block can drive the downward - pressing guide pin to move in the pushing piston sleeve until it abuts against the downward - pressing piston.

[0016] In several embodiments, a guide collar is sleeved on the force - increasing wedge block, and the guide collar is in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder body.

[0017] In several embodiments, the guide collar is connected to the cylinder body through a collar setscrew.

[0018] In several embodiments, a tail - cover assembly is arranged on one side of the cylinder body close to the downward - pressing piston. The tail - cover assembly includes an oil - inlet nozzle joint, a tail end - cover, and a wear - resistant sheet. The tail end - cover is used to seal the cylinder body. The wear - resistant sheet is arranged in the tail end - cover and has a through - hole. One end of the oil - inlet nozzle joint penetrates into the tail end - cover and abuts against the wear - resistant sheet. The oil - inlet nozzle joint is used to input a liquid medium into the cylinder body.

[0019] In several embodiments, a bearing is arranged between the oil - inlet nozzle joint and the tail end - cover, and the tail end - cover can rotate around the oil - inlet nozzle joint through the bearing.

[0020] In several embodiments, a piston - sleeve guide block is arranged in the cylinder body, and the inner wall of the piston - sleeve guide block is in contact and cooperation with the outer wall of the pushing piston sleeve.

[0021] In several embodiments, the elastic component includes a disc spring and a disc - spring pressing piece that are sleeved on the thrust screw and abut against each other. The disc - spring pressing piece abuts against the step surface in the main shaft.

[0022] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] 1: The lightweight design makes the product more miniaturized, and the overall circular design is more in line with aerodynamics, capable of adapting to high - speed rotating application scenarios.

[0024] 2: The 360 - degree unrestricted rotation enables high - speed operation. The rotation - fitting type can achieve tight fitting under high - speed rotation.

[0025] 3: The inclined wedge design is adopted to multiply the pulling force, meeting the tightening force requirements of heavy - duty cutting and different pulling force scenarios. At the same time, it does not damage the spindle structure and does not cause external force on the machine tool. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings described herein are only for the purpose of illustrating the selected embodiments and do not represent all possible implementations, and should not be considered as a limitation on the scope of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1 Schematically shows a partial three - dimensional structure of the tool - locking cylinder structure of the machine - tool spindle power head in this embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 Schematically shows the overall planar structure of the tool - locking cylinder structure of the machine - tool spindle power head in this embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 Schematically shows Figure 2 the sectional structure of

[0030] Figure 4 Schematically shows Figure 3 the partial enlarged structure of DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in conjunction with the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] As Figures 1-4As shown in the figure, the tool locking cylinder structure of the machine tool spindle power head provided in this embodiment is mainly composed of a cylinder block 23, a force-increasing component, a spindle 27, a thrust screw 22, an elastic component, a pull rod 28, and a tail cover component. The cylinder block 23 can adopt a circular oil cylinder block structure, or other shapes. Its front position is connected to the spindle 27, the thrust screw 22, the elastic component, and the pull rod 28 to form a tool pulling structure. The force-increasing component is located in the middle position inside the cylinder block 23 to form a force-increasing structure, and the tail cover component is connected to the tail end position of the cylinder block 23 to form a hydraulic oil pushing structure, thereby realizing the overall functions of pulling and loosening the tool.

[0034] Specifically, a piston assembly is arranged inside the cylinder block 23. The piston assembly includes a downward pressure piston 11, a push piston sleeve 14, and a downward pressure guide pin 16. The downward pressure piston 11 is in contact and cooperation with the push piston sleeve 14 and is coaxially arranged inside the cylinder block 23. At the same time, a downward pressure piston seal ring 12 and a downward pressure piston guide ring 13 are arranged between the downward pressure piston 11 and the cylinder block 23, which are conventional spare parts in the field and realize the functions of sealing and guiding.

[0035] At the same time, a piston sleeve guide block 15 is arranged inside the cylinder block 23. The inner wall of the piston sleeve guide block 15 is in contact and cooperation with the outer wall of the push piston sleeve 14 to ensure the straightness of the axial movement of the piston sleeve 14.

[0036] The force-increasing component among them includes a force-increasing wedge block 18 and a wedge block bushing 21 sleeved on the thrust screw 22. One end of the wedge block bushing 21 abuts against the elastic component, and the other end of the wedge block bushing 21 abuts against the force-increasing wedge block 18. The force-increasing wedge block 18 is in contact and cooperation with the piston assembly. A guide sleeve ring 20 is sleeved on the force-increasing wedge block 18. The guide sleeve ring 20 is in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder block 23, and the guide sleeve ring 20 is connected to the cylinder block 23 through a sleeve retaining screw 19.

[0037] The push piston sleeve 14 is located between the downward pressure piston 11 and the force-increasing wedge block 18. One end of the downward pressure guide pin 16 is connected to the force-increasing wedge block 18. The force-increasing wedge block 18 can drive the downward pressure guide pin 16 to move inside the push piston sleeve 14 until it abuts against the downward pressure piston 11.

[0038] One end of the thrust screw 22 penetrates into the cylinder block 23 and passes through the force-increasing component. The other end of the thrust screw 22 penetrates into the spindle 27. One end of the spindle 27 is inserted into the cylinder block 23 and is coaxially arranged with the cylinder block 23. The push piston sleeve 14 is sleeved on the thrust screw 22. The downward pressure guide pin 16 penetrates into the push piston sleeve 14 and is arranged parallel to the thrust screw 22.

[0039] The corresponding elastic component includes a disc spring 24 and a disc spring pressing piece 25 sleeved on the thrust screw 22 and abutted against each other. The disc spring pressing piece 25 abuts against the stepped surface inside the main shaft 27, and the disc spring 24 abuts against the wedge block bushing 21.

[0040] The end cover assembly includes an oil inlet nozzle joint 1, a tail end cover 3, and a wear-resistant piece 7. The tail end cover 3 is used to seal the cylinder block 23. The wear-resistant piece 7 is arranged inside the tail end cover 3, and a through hole is provided at its axial position. One end of the oil inlet nozzle joint 1 penetrates into the tail end cover 3 and abuts against the wear-resistant piece 7. The oil inlet nozzle joint 1 is used to input a liquid medium into the cylinder block 23, that is, the flow channel inside the oil inlet nozzle joint 1 is communicated with the through hole of the wear-resistant piece 7.

[0041] Meanwhile, in order to achieve rotation, a bearing 4 is arranged between the oil inlet nozzle joint 1 and the tail end cover 3. The tail end cover 3 can rotate around the oil inlet nozzle joint 1 through the bearing 4. A guide sleeve 10 can also be arranged on the inner wall of the tail end cover 3, and the inner wall of the guide sleeve 10 is in contact and cooperation with the outer wall of the wear-resistant piece 7 to meet the guiding requirement.

[0042] A spring 8 can also be arranged on the inner wall of the tail end cover 3 and abuts against one side of the wear-resistant piece 7 to provide buffer elastic force.

[0043] When the present invention is in use, the cylinder block 23 is fixed at the tail end position of the main shaft 27. Conventionally, a tool holder claw is installed in the taper inside the tool holder at the front end of the machine tool, and the tool holder is adjusted to the locked state of the tool holder. Since the locking force of the tool holder is applied by pulling the thrust screw 22 through the pull rod 28, and at the same time, the elastic force of the disc spring 24 is stressed and pre-compressed, the disc spring pressing piece 25 abuts against the internal step of the main shaft 27. Then, by adjusting the clamping and pulling position, the wedge block bushing 21 moves backward and cooperates with the 8-fold force-increasing wedge block to push and form an increased force, and moves backward to push the downward pressure guide pin 16 to move backward and abut against the downward pressure piston 11. Then, the push piston sleeve 14 and the thrust screw 22 are pushed and pulled backward through the force-increasing wedge block 18 to realize the strong tightening of the tool holder, thereby forming a pulling force on the tool holder claw.

[0044] When it is necessary to loosen the tool, the hydraulic oil enters through the oil inlet nozzle joint 1 and enters the inside of the cylinder block 23 through the through hole on the wear-resistant piece 7, pushing the downward pressure piston 11, the downward pressure piston seal ring 12, and the downward pressure piston guide ring 13 to move forward and push the downward pressure guide pin 16 to move, and pushing the wedge block bushing 21 to move forward. The force-increasing wedge block 18 also moves accordingly, thereby pushing the push piston sleeve 14 and the thrust screw 22 to move forward, and the tool loosening action can be realized to complete the loosening of the tool holder. When it is necessary to clamp the tool holder, the hydraulic valve body is released, and the hydraulic oil flows out from the rear end. At this time, the disc spring 24 returns to its original position through its own elastic force to complete the locking of the tool holder.

[0045] The present invention not only has technical advantages such as small size, low energy consumption, convenient use, long service life, large broaching force, no damage to the spindle structure, and no external force on the machine tool, but also has good cost advantages. It can improve the actual difficulties in the field of machine tools while reducing the overall cost for the industry. It enables the upstream and downstream industries of industrial machine tools to benefit. Moreover, this set of mechanisms also has a series of advantages such as a wide application range and convenient maintenance. It not only has high economic value but also high social value.

[0046] All the ways described in this article can be carried out in any suitable order. Any and all examples used, or the exemplary language provided in this article, are only for better illustrating the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention, unless otherwise claimed. The language in the detailed description should not be construed as indicating any essential elements for practicing the present invention that are not claimed.

[0047] The present invention describes preferred embodiments, including the best ways known to the inventors to carry out the present invention. Of course, variations of these preferred embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The inventors envision that those skilled in the art can use such variations as appropriate, and the inventors point out that the present invention can be implemented in other ways different from those specifically described herein. Therefore, the present invention includes all improvements included within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. Moreover, unless otherwise stated or clearly contradictory in content, the present invention includes any of the above elements and all possible variations thereof.

Claims

1. A tool locking cylinder structure for a machine tool spindle power head, characterized in that, Comprising: A cylinder block (23) with a piston assembly disposed therein; A force - increasing assembly movably disposed within the cylinder block (23), the force - increasing assembly cooperating with the piston assembly; a main shaft (27) with one end inserted into the cylinder block (23) and coaxially arranged with the cylinder block (23), a thrust screw (22) with one end penetrating into the cylinder block (23) and passing through the force - increasing assembly, and the other end of the thrust screw (22) penetrating into the main shaft (27); An elastic assembly sleeved on the thrust screw (22) and located within the main shaft (27), the elastic assembly being used to provide elastic force; A pull rod (28) penetrating into the main shaft (27) and coaxially connected to the thrust screw (22); wherein, the force - increasing assembly includes a force - increasing wedge block (18) and a wedge - block bushing (21) sleeved on the thrust screw (22), one end of the wedge - block bushing (21) abuts against the elastic assembly, the other end of the wedge - block bushing (21) abuts against the force - increasing wedge block (18), and the force - increasing wedge block (18) is in contact and cooperation with the piston assembly.

2. The structure of the tool locking cylinder of the machine tool spindle power head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piston assembly includes a downward - pressing piston (11), a pushing piston sleeve (14), and a downward - pressing guide pin (16). The downward - pressing piston (11) is in contact and cooperation with the pushing piston sleeve (14) and coaxially arranged within the cylinder block (23). The pushing piston sleeve (14) is sleeved on the thrust screw (22), and the downward - pressing guide pin (16) penetrates into the pushing piston sleeve (14) and is arranged parallel to the thrust screw (22).

3. The structure of the tool locking cylinder of a machine tool spindle power head according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pushing piston sleeve (14) is located between the downward - pressing piston (11) and the force - increasing wedge block (18).

4. A tool locking cylinder structure for a machine tool spindle power head according to claim 3, characterized in that, One end of the downward - pressing guide pin (16) is connected to the force - increasing wedge block (18), and the force - increasing wedge block (18) can drive the downward - pressing guide pin (16) to move within the pushing piston sleeve (14) until it abuts against the downward - pressing piston (11).

5. The structure of the tool locking cylinder of a machine tool spindle power head according to claim 4, characterized in that, A guide collar (20) is sleeved on the force - increasing wedge block (18), and the guide collar (20) is in contact with the inner wall of the cylinder block (23).

6. The locking tool cylinder structure of a machine tool spindle power head according to claim 5, characterized in that, The guide collar (20) is connected to the cylinder block (23) through a collar setscrew (19).

7. The structure of the tool locking cylinder of a machine tool spindle power head according to claim 6, characterized in that, A tail - cover assembly is provided on one side of the cylinder block (23) near the downward - pressing piston (11). The tail - cover assembly includes an oil - inlet nozzle joint (1), a tail end - cover (3), and a wear - resistant plate (7). The tail end - cover (3) is used to seal the cylinder block (23). The wear - resistant plate (7) is disposed within the tail end - cover (3) and has a through - hole. One end of the oil - inlet nozzle joint (1) penetrates into the tail end - cover (3) and abuts against the wear - resistant plate (7). The oil - inlet nozzle joint (1) is used to input a liquid medium into the cylinder block (23).

8. A tool locking cylinder structure for a machine tool spindle power head according to claim 7, characterized in that, A bearing (4) is provided between the oil - inlet nozzle joint (1) and the tail end - cover (3), and the tail end - cover (3) can rotate around the oil - inlet nozzle joint (1) through the bearing (4).

9. The tool locking cylinder structure of a machine tool spindle power head according to claim 4, characterized in that, A piston - sleeve guide block (15) is disposed within the cylinder block (23), and the inner wall of the piston - sleeve guide block (15) is in contact and cooperation with the outer wall of the pushing piston sleeve (14).

10. The structure of the tool locking cylinder of a machine tool spindle power head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic component includes a disc spring (24) and a disc spring pressing piece (25) which are sleeved on the thrust screw (22) and are in abutment with each other, and the disc spring pressing piece (25) abuts against the stepped surface in the main shaft (27).

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