Automatic braking device and method for a pumping unit

Abstract

The application relates to an automatic brake device and method of a pumping unit, which comprises, from top to bottom, a brake cam, a hand brake upper connecting rod, a hand brake telescopic cylinder, a hand brake assembly, a brake hub and a brake disc, wherein the brake hub and the brake disc are in contact connection, and from bottom to top, a base, a brake driving mechanism, a brake compensation mechanism, a connecting connecting rod, a self-brake telescopic cylinder and an upper connecting rod are sequentially connected. The automatic brake mechanism can realize automatic brake of the pumping unit during shutdown of oil exploitation, improves the safety and automation level of the pumping unit during shutdown brake, and realizes remote automatic brake during shutdown; meanwhile, the manual brake and the automatic brake are relatively independent, and the manual brake and the automatic brake of the pumping unit can be realized independently without affecting each other.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a braking device for an oil pumping unit used in oil extraction, and more particularly to an automatic braking device and method for an oil pumping unit. Background Technology

[0002] Oil pumping units, characterized by their simple structure, smooth reversing, and high reliability, are crucial equipment for oilfield development. To ensure long-term reliable operation, pumping units require periodic shutdowns for maintenance, upkeep, and repairs. Currently used pumping units employ manual braking, requiring two people to work together: one to stop the pumping unit motor and the other to operate the braking mechanism. First, the brake lever locking device is released. Then, the brake lever is manually pulled, causing the brake pads to lock the brake hub via a linkage mechanism. The lever locking device is then engaged to ensure reliable braking, thus completing the braking process. During shutdown operations, if personnel forget to engage the brake after shutdown or if shutdown is achieved remotely, changes in well load can cause the pumping unit's counterweight to shift, posing a safety hazard.

[0003] The patent with application number 201410196368.X uses spring force for braking. During normal operation of the pumping unit, an electromagnetic coil (i.e., a linear motor) compresses the spring to release the brake. This patent has the following problems in practical implementation: First, the force on the pull rod is relatively large, and currently there are no high-load linear motors, making implementation difficult. Second, the automatic braking described in this patent lacks a locking mechanism during normal pumping unit operation, requiring the linear motor to provide continuous power and keep the pull rod stationary. The working principle of a linear motor dictates that the pull rod cannot remain stationary for extended periods. Furthermore, since the pumping unit operates continuously every day, a power supply failure to the electromagnetic coil will cause the pumping unit to automatically brake, affecting normal production. Therefore, this patent is difficult to implement in the field.

[0004] The patent with application number 201920560836.5 uses an electric push rod to pull a lever to achieve automatic braking. When a manual braking mechanism is required, the automatic braking connection parts need to be manually removed on-site, and the manual braking mechanism needs to be connected simultaneously to achieve manual braking. The manual and automatic braking cannot be integrated, and on-site switching is required.

[0005] The patent application with application number 202020469943.X directly connects an automatic push rod to a manual brake linkage to achieve automatic braking. Existing pumping unit brake pads separate from the brake drum under spring force to release the brake. However, due to limited installation space for the spring, the spring's restoring force is relatively small. The electric push rod is connected to the linkage at both ends via hinges. Under the influence of gravity, the electric push rod easily pulls the linkage, and the electric push rod weighs at least tens of kilograms. The spring force cannot withstand such a large load, leading to continuous brake pad wear during pumping unit operation and affecting the normal operation of the pumping unit.

[0006] The above three patented automatic braking designs use a designated automatic braking displacement for braking. When the brake pads are severely worn, the original braking displacement can no longer achieve braking, which can easily lead to a situation where the brakes are not tight enough.

[0007] In addition, when the pumping unit stops, the balance block of the pumping unit needs to stop at a specific position to facilitate maintenance and other operations. Automatic brakes are driven by electric means, and it takes a certain amount of time from the start of the brake to the complete stop. It is difficult to control the stopping position of the balance block of the pumping unit. Current manual brakes can quickly stop the balance block at a designated position through the coordination of human eyes.

[0008] To improve the safety and reliability of braking after the pumping unit stops, an automatic braking device for the pumping unit was designed, which integrates manual braking and automatic braking and has an automatic braking compensation function. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Purpose of the invention: To address the aforementioned deficiencies in the existing technology, this invention provides an automatic braking device and method for oil pumping units. Based on the existing manual braking system for oil pumping units, an automatic braking system is added. Manual and automatic braking are relatively independent, allowing for separate manual and automatic braking of the oil pumping unit without interference.

[0010] Technical solution: An automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit, comprising:

[0011] The components connected from top to bottom are: brake cam, upper handbrake linkage, handbrake telescopic cylinder, and handbrake assembly.

[0012] The brake hub and brake disc are connected in contact.

[0013] The components connected from bottom to top are: base, brake drive mechanism, brake compensation mechanism, connecting rod, self-braking telescopic cylinder, and upper connecting rod.

[0014] The base is fixedly installed on the pumping unit base, and the braking drive mechanism is fixedly connected to the base.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit in this invention, the braking drive mechanism is a linear drive mechanism with a self-locking function.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the automatic braking device for a pumping unit in this invention: the braking drive mechanism is controlled in a way that is simultaneously linked with the pumping unit motor. When the pumping unit is stopped, the braking drive mechanism drives the automatic brake to start, and when the pumping unit is started, the braking drive mechanism drives the automatic brake to release. Alternatively, different control methods can be used: when stopping, the pumping unit is stopped first and then braked; when starting, the brake is released first and then the pumping unit is started.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit in this invention: the braking drive mechanism is provided with upper and lower limit elements to control the extension and retraction distance of the braking drive mechanism.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit in this invention: the bottom of the braking compensation mechanism is fixedly connected to the push rod on the braking drive mechanism, the upper part is hinged to the connecting rod, and the upper end of the connecting rod is threadedly connected to the self-braking telescopic cylinder.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit in this invention: the braking compensation mechanism includes a telescopic rod, a sleeve, and a spring element, wherein the bottom of the sleeve is fixedly connected to the power push rod of the braking drive mechanism; the telescopic rod is provided with a limiting shoulder and a guide seat, and an elastic element is provided between the sleeve and the guide seat; the limiting shoulder limits the upward distance of the telescopic rod relative to the sleeve, which can prevent the compression spring from being over-compressed and failing.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit in this invention, the lengths of the self-braking telescopic cylinder and the hand-braking telescopic cylinder are greater than the maximum displacement of the connected pull rod.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit in this invention: the upper end of the upper connecting rod is hinged to the brake cam, and the lower end is installed on the self-braking telescopic cylinder. Through the limiting platform at the end of the self-braking telescopic cylinder, it can be axially displaced within the self-braking telescopic cylinder.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit in this invention: the handbrake assembly is connected to the handbrake telescopic cylinder, one end of the upper connecting rod of the handbrake is still hinged to the brake cam, and the other end is installed in the self-braking telescopic cylinder, which can move freely axially within the handbrake telescopic cylinder through the end limiting step of the self-braking telescopic cylinder.

[0023] An automatic braking method for an oil pumping unit, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0024] (1) When the pumping unit stops, the brake drive mechanism starts in conjunction with it. The brake drive mechanism drives the sleeve in the brake compensation mechanism to move down. The sleeve moves down to the limit shoulder of the telescopic rod, and the elastic element is compressed.Figure 2 -c) When the compressive force of the elastic element is greater than the braking force, the elastic element drives the telescopic rod to move down, and then drives the connecting rod, the self-braking telescopic cylinder, and the upper connecting rod to pull down the brake cam, thereby realizing the automatic braking of the pumping unit.

[0025] (2) The elastic element in the brake compensation mechanism is always in a compressed state, and the compression force is always greater than the braking force. When the brake disc in the brake hub is worn, the brake drive mechanism goes down to the limit position. The brake disc has not yet completely locked the hub. At this time, the elastic element in the brake compensation mechanism continues to pull down the telescopic rod by the compression force until the brake disc completely locks the wheel disc and completes the automatic braking operation.

[0026] (3) After the automatic braking operation is completed, the upper linkage pulls the brake cam downward and rotates it. The upper linkage of the handbrake, which is hinged to the brake cam, moves downward and extends into the handbrake telescopic cylinder. At this time, the lower linkage connected to the lower part of the handbrake telescopic cylinder remains stationary, thus ensuring that the automatic braking action does not affect the manual braking system.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The automatic braking device and method for an oil pumping unit disclosed in this invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) The automatic braking mechanism can realize the automatic braking of the oil pumping unit when it stops, which improves the safety and automation level of the oil pumping unit when it stops, and realizes remote automatic braking.

[0029] (2) The automatic braking device has a self-locking function, which can reliably lock after braking is completed;

[0030] (3) The handbrake linkage assembly is retained, and the two sets of brake linkage assemblies are respectively equipped with telescopic cylinders. The two braking methods operate independently and do not interfere with each other, realizing the manual and automatic integration of the pumping unit brake.

[0031] (4) A brake compensation mechanism with a spring is provided. When the brake disc wears, the spring automatically extends under tension to compensate for the downward displacement of the pull rod cam, thus ensuring the reliability of the stop brake. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the braking compensation mechanism of the present invention.

[0034] in:

[0035] 1—Base 2—Brake drive mechanism

[0036] 3—Brake compensation mechanism

[0037] 31—Telescopic pole

[0038] 311—Limit shoulder; 312—Guide seat;

[0039] 32—Sleeve

[0040] 33—Elastic element

[0041] 4—Connecting rod; 5—Self-braking telescopic cylinder

[0042] 6—Upper connecting rod; 7—Brake cam

[0043] 8—Brake hub 9—Brake disc

[0044] 10—Handbrake upper linkage; 11—Handbrake telescopic cylinder

[0045] 12—Handbrake assembly Detailed implementation method:

[0046] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0047] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides an automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit, comprising:

[0048] The components connected from top to bottom are: brake cam 7, handbrake upper linkage 10, handbrake telescopic cylinder 11, and handbrake assembly 12.

[0049] The brake hub 8 and the brake disc 9 are in contact connection.

[0050] The components connected from bottom to top are: base 1, brake drive mechanism 2, brake compensation mechanism 3, connecting rod 4, self-braking telescopic cylinder 5, and upper connecting rod 6.

[0051] Furthermore, the base 1 is fixedly installed on the pumping unit base. The braking drive mechanism 2 is fixedly connected to the base 1.

[0052] Furthermore, the braking drive mechanism 2 is a linear drive mechanism with a self-locking function, preferably an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0053] The brake drive mechanism 2 is controlled in conjunction with the pumping unit motor. When the pumping unit stops, the brake drive mechanism 2 activates the automatic brake; when the pumping unit starts, the brake drive mechanism 2 releases the automatic brake. Alternatively, different control methods can be used: when stopping, the pumping unit stops first and then brakes; when starting, the brake is released first and then the pumping unit is started.

[0054] Furthermore, the braking drive mechanism 2 is provided with upper and lower limit elements to control the extension and retraction distance of the braking drive mechanism 2. The limit elements are preferably one of a limit switch, a position sensor, and a displacement sensor.

[0055] Furthermore, the bottom of the brake compensation mechanism 3 is fixedly connected to the push rod on the brake drive mechanism 2, and the upper part is hinged to the connecting rod 4. The upper end of the connecting rod 4 is threadedly connected to the self-braking telescopic cylinder 5.

[0056] Furthermore, the braking compensation mechanism 3 includes a telescopic rod 31, a sleeve 32, and a spring element 33, wherein the bottom of the sleeve 32 is fixedly connected to the power push rod of the braking drive mechanism 2; the telescopic rod 31 is provided with a limiting shoulder 311 and a guide seat 312, and an elastic element 33 is provided between the sleeve 32 and the guide seat 312. Figure 2 -a), preferably a compression spring, with the limiting shoulder 311 restricting the axial displacement distance of the telescopic rod 31 in the sleeve 32, thereby limiting the maximum compression of the elastic element 33 ( Figure 2 -b) to prevent the elastic element 33 from failing due to excessive compression under impact.

[0057] Furthermore, the compressive force of the elastic element 33 is greater than the minimum braking force.

[0058] Furthermore, the upper end of the upper connecting rod 6 is hinged to the brake cam 7, and the lower end is installed on the self-braking telescopic cylinder 5. Through the limiting platform at the end of the self-braking telescopic cylinder 5, it can move axially within the self-braking telescopic cylinder 5.

[0059] Furthermore, the handbrake assembly 12 is connected to the handbrake telescopic cylinder 11. One end of the handbrake upper connecting rod 10 is still hinged to the brake cam 7, and the other end is installed on the self-braking telescopic cylinder 11. It can move freely axially within the handbrake telescopic cylinder 11 through the end limiting step of the self-braking telescopic cylinder 11.

[0060] Furthermore, the lengths of the self-braking telescopic cylinder 5 and the hand-braking telescopic cylinder 11 are greater than the maximum displacement of the connected pull rod.

[0061] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this invention discloses an automatic braking method for a pumping unit, utilizing the aforementioned automatic braking device for a pumping unit. The specific steps are as follows:

[0062] (1) When the pumping unit stops, the brake drive mechanism 2 starts in conjunction with it. The brake drive mechanism 2 drives the sleeve 32 in the brake compensation mechanism 3 to move down. The sleeve 32 moves down to the limiting shoulder 311 of the telescopic rod 31, and the elastic element 33 is compressed. Figure 2 -c) When the compressive force of the elastic element 33 is greater than the braking force, the elastic element 33 drives the telescopic rod 31 to move down, and then the telescopic rod 31 drives the connecting rod 4, the self-braking telescopic cylinder 5, and the upper connecting rod 6 to pull down the brake cam 7, thereby realizing the automatic braking of the pumping unit.

[0063] (2) The elastic element 33 in the brake compensation mechanism 3 always remains in a compressed state, and the compression force is always greater than the braking force. When the brake disc 9 in the brake hub 8 is worn, the brake drive mechanism 2 moves down to the limit position. The brake disc 9 has not yet completely locked the hub. At this time, the elastic element 33 in the brake compensation mechanism 3 continues to pull down the telescopic rod 31 by the compression force until the brake disc 9 completely locks the wheel disc and completes the automatic braking operation.

[0064] (3) After the automatic braking operation is completed, the upper connecting rod 6 pulls the brake cam 7 to rotate downwards, and the handbrake upper connecting rod 10, which is hinged to the brake cam 7, moves downwards and extends into the handbrake telescopic cylinder 11. At this time, the lower connecting rod 12 connected to the lower part of the handbrake telescopic cylinder 11 remains stationary, thereby ensuring that the automatic braking action does not affect the manual braking system.

[0065] When the manual brake is applied, the manual brake assembly 12 transmits pulling force through the handbrake telescopic cylinder 11, pulling the brake cam 7 downward to complete the braking operation. At the same time, the upper connecting rod 6 in the automatic brake assembly moves downward and extends into the automatic brake telescopic cylinder 5. At this time, the components below the connecting rod 4 can remain stationary, avoiding the impact of the manual brake action on the automatic brake system.

[0066] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0067] The preferred embodiments of this patent have been described in detail above. However, this patent is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of this patent.

Claims

1. An automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit, characterized in that, include: The components connected from top to bottom are: brake cam, upper handbrake linkage, handbrake telescopic cylinder, and handbrake assembly. The brake hub and brake disc are connected in contact. The components connected from bottom to top are: base, brake drive mechanism, brake compensation mechanism, connecting rod, self-braking telescopic cylinder, and upper connecting rod. The upper end of the upper connecting rod is hinged to the brake cam, and the lower end is installed on the self-braking telescopic cylinder. Through the limiting platform at the end of the self-braking telescopic cylinder, it can be axially displaced within the self-braking telescopic cylinder. The handbrake assembly is connected to the handbrake telescopic cylinder. One end of the handbrake upper connecting rod is still hinged to the brake cam, and the other end is installed in the self-braking telescopic cylinder. It can move freely axially inside the handbrake telescopic cylinder through the end limiting step of the self-braking telescopic cylinder. The braking compensation mechanism includes a telescopic rod, a sleeve, and a spring element. The bottom of the sleeve is fixedly connected to the power push rod of the braking drive mechanism. The telescopic rod is provided with a limiting shoulder and a guide seat. An elastic element is provided between the sleeve and the guide seat. The upper end of the connecting rod is threadedly connected to the self-braking telescopic cylinder. The compressive force of the elastic element is greater than the minimum braking force.

2. The automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The braking drive mechanism is a linear drive mechanism with a self-locking function.

3. The automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The linear drive mechanism is an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder drive mechanism.

4. The automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The braking drive mechanism is controlled in a way that is linked with the pumping unit motor. When the pumping unit stops, the braking drive mechanism drives the automatic brake to start, and when the pumping unit starts, the braking drive mechanism drives the automatic brake to release.

5. The automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The braking drive mechanism adopts different control methods: when stopping, the machine is stopped first and then the brake is applied; when starting, the brake is released first and then the pumping unit is started.

6. An automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The braking drive mechanism is equipped with upper and lower limit elements to control the extension and retraction distance of the braking drive mechanism.

7. The automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The limiting element is one of a limit switch, a position sensor, and a displacement sensor.

8. The automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting shoulder restricts the axial displacement distance of the telescopic rod in the sleeve, thereby limiting the maximum compression of the elastic element and preventing the elastic element from failing due to excessive compression under impact.

9. The automatic braking device for an oil pumping unit as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element is a compression spring.

10. An automatic braking method for a pumping unit, using an automatic braking device for a pumping unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: (1) When the pumping unit stops, the brake drive mechanism starts in conjunction with it. The brake drive mechanism drives the sleeve in the brake compensation mechanism to move down. The sleeve moves down to the limit shoulder of the telescopic rod, and the elastic element is compressed. When the compression force of the elastic element is greater than the braking force, the elastic element drives the telescopic rod to move down. Then, the telescopic rod drives the connecting rod, the self-braking telescopic cylinder, and the upper connecting rod to pull down the brake cam, thereby realizing the automatic braking of the pumping unit. (2) The elastic element in the brake compensation mechanism is always in a compressed state, and the compression force is always greater than the braking force. When the brake disc in the brake hub is worn, the brake drive mechanism goes down to the limit position, but the brake disc has not completely locked the hub. At this time, the elastic element in the brake compensation mechanism continues to pull down the telescopic rod by the compression force until the brake disc completely locks the wheel disc and completes the automatic braking operation. (3) After the automatic braking operation is completed, the upper linkage pulls the brake cam downward and rotates it. The upper linkage of the handbrake, which is hinged to the brake cam, moves downward and extends into the handbrake telescopic cylinder. At this time, the lower linkage connected to the lower part of the handbrake telescopic cylinder remains stationary, thus ensuring that the automatic braking action does not affect the manual braking system.

Images