A low-power integrated wireless initiator and initiation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a low-power integrated wireless initiator and an initiation method. The wireless initiator is internally provided with a wireless initiation control module (including a lithium battery and an antenna), and realizes cable-free control of the initiator through the built-in battery, antenna and wireless initiation control module. The low-power lithium battery is used to detonate the terminal initiator through the built-in boost unit and energy storage ignition unit. The wireless initiator can meet the life requirements after the rocket is assembled and launched. For other longer life requirements, the battery needs to be replaced. The present invention realizes cable-free and information-based control of the initiator. The initiator has functions such as self-power supply, on-line status self-check, wireless communication, etc., can reduce hundreds of kilograms of batteries and cable networks on the rocket, and greatly improves the carrying capacity of the launch vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a low-power integrated wireless initiator and an initiation method, and belongs to the field of aerospace explosive device design. Background Art

[0002] Traditional initiators, serving as the initial pyrotechnic element of launch vehicles and other spacecraft, receive power from the upper control system via a cable network onboard the rocket, generating detonation energy and completing detonation functions. Typically, to ensure reliable initiator detonation, the entire launch vehicle system is designed with cables and dedicated high-power pyrotechnic batteries to provide transmission lines and high-power electrical energy for the initiator. Currently, the pyrotechnic batteries widely used in launch vehicle systems have power ratings of several hundred watts or even kilowatts, and these dedicated pyrotechnic batteries are relatively large and heavy. Furthermore, to reliably supply power to the initiator, a large number of pyrotechnic initiation cables are laid from the batteries to the pyrotechnic devices. It is estimated that the weight of the dedicated pyrotechnic batteries and cable network on a launch vehicle can reach hundreds of kilograms. These batteries and cables remain in use throughout the mission, placing a significant load on the launch vehicle and reducing its carrying capacity.

[0003] In addition, the existing launch vehicles do not have high enough accuracy in monitoring the resistance status of electrical pyrotechnics such as detonators. After the entire rocket is assembled, only the ignition circuit is tested, and the status of the pyrotechnics is not monitored. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present invention is: to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, provide a low-power integrated wireless detonator and detonation method, which can be applied to spacecraft such as launch vehicles, eliminate the dedicated batteries and cable networks of the rocket's pyrotechnic system, and realize cable-free control of the detonator.

[0005] The solution of the present invention is: a low-power integrated wireless detonator, which includes a wireless detonator control module, a terminal detonator, a wireless detonator control module integrated antenna, a wireless integrated MCU unit, a power supply unit, a boost unit, and an energy storage ignition unit;

[0006] Antennas are used to receive and send wireless signals;

[0007] The wireless integrated MCU unit receives wireless control commands through the antenna according to the preset cycle and after successful recognition, controls the boost unit and energy storage ignition unit to perform corresponding actions and feedback status information;

[0008] The boost unit is used to boost the voltage output by the power supply unit, charge the energy storage ignition unit, and store the energy of the power supply unit in the energy storage ignition capacitor;

[0009] Energy storage ignition unit, used to release the electrical energy of the energy storage ignition capacitor to the terminal detonator;

[0010] The terminal initiator converts electrical energy into chemical energy and outputs detonation energy after receiving the instantaneous discharge current stimulation.

[0011] Preferably, the wireless control instructions include a wake-up instruction, a safety instruction, a combat instruction, an ignition instruction, and a sleep instruction; after receiving the wake-up instruction, the wireless integrated MCU unit switches from the low-power sleep state to the working state. In the working state:

[0012] After receiving the safety instruction, it enters the safety state, controls the energy storage and ignition unit to open the discharge circuit, reduces the voltage of the energy storage and ignition capacitor to 0, and the boost unit does not work;

[0013] After receiving the combat instruction, it enters the combat state, completes the binding of the firing parameters, where the firing parameters include the ignition delay time, and at the same time controls the boost unit to boost the voltage output by the power supply unit and charge the energy storage and ignition unit, storing the energy of the power supply unit in the energy storage and ignition capacitor;

[0014] After receiving the ignition instruction, it enters the ignition state, and controls the energy storage and ignition unit to release the electrical energy of the energy storage and ignition capacitor to the terminal initiator;

[0015] After receiving the sleep instruction, it returns to the low-power sleep state.

[0016] Preferably, in the low-power sleep state, the power supply unit only supplies power to the wireless integrated MCU unit and the antenna. In the working state, the power supply unit also supplies power to the boost unit and the energy storage and ignition unit.

[0017] Preferably, the boost unit includes a boost controller, a transformer, and a diode D1;

[0018] The positive terminal of the output end of the power supply unit is connected to the opposite-name end of the primary coil of the transformer. The same-name end of the primary coil of the transformer is connected to the negative terminal of the output end of the power supply unit through the boost controller. The same-name end of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the diode D1, and the opposite-name end is grounded. The voltage at the output end of the diode D1 is the output of the boost unit;

[0019] The boost controller integrates a switching MOS transistor. The wireless integrated MCU unit outputs a charging and boosting enable signal. When the charging and boosting enable signal is at a high level, it controls the conduction of the switching MOS transistor, and then the primary coil of the transformer conducts. The voltage of the power supply unit is boosted and output through the transformer to charge the energy storage capacitor in the energy storage and ignition unit; when the charging and boosting enable signal is at a low level, the switching MOS transistor disconnects, the transformer does not work, and the output voltage of the boost unit is 0.

[0020] Preferably, the energy storage and ignition unit includes an energy storage capacitor C1, a discharge resistor R1, a resistor R2, a pressure relief switch triode Q1, a discharge triode Q4, a first discharge switch Q2, a second discharge switch Q3, and a field effect transistor driver U1; the terminal initiator realizes initiation by connecting a bridge resistor.

[0021] Both ends of the energy storage capacitor C1 are connected in parallel with the resistor R2. One end of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected in series with one end of the discharge resistor R1. The other end of the discharge resistor R1 is connected in series with the collector of the discharge switch triode Q1. The emitter of the discharge switch triode Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and grounded. The base of the discharge switch triode Q1 is connected to the discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit. When the discharge control signal is at a high level, the discharge switch triode Q1 is turned on, and the energy storage capacitor completes energy discharge. Otherwise, when the discharge control signal is at a low level, the discharge switch triode Q1 is turned off; both the first discharge switch Q2 and the second discharge switch Q3 are field effect transistors. The source of the first discharge switch Q2 is connected in parallel with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1. The drain is connected to one end of the bridge circuit of the terminal initiator. The gate is connected to the collector of the discharge triode Q4. The base of the discharge triode Q4 is connected to the first discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit. When the first discharge control signal is at a high level, the first discharge switch Q2 is turned on, making the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor conduct with one end of the bridge circuit of the terminal initiator. When the ignition signal is at a low level, the first discharge switch Q2 is turned off; the source of the second discharge switch Q3 is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and grounded. The drain is connected to the other end of the bridge resistor of the terminal initiator. The gate of the second discharge switch Q3 is connected to the field effect transistor driver U1. The field effect transistor driver U1 connects the second discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit to the second discharge switch Q3. When the second discharge control signal is at a high level, the second discharge switch Q3 is turned on, realizing the conduction between the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor and the bridge circuit of the terminal initiator; when the second discharge control signal is at a high level, the second discharge switch Q3 is turned off.

[0022] Preferably, the capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor C1 is not less than 100 uF.

[0023] Preferably, the wireless integrated MCU unit (includes a wireless SoC radio frequency chip and a data memory;

[0024] The data memory stores a unique ID address, product information, and life status information. The product information includes the state of the product, the voltage of the energy storage and ignition capacitor, and the bound ignition delay parameters. The life status information includes the lithium battery voltage and the number of times of entering the combat state;

[0025] The wireless SoC RF chip performs wireless communication encoding and decoding on the received wireless signal to obtain wireless control instructions, which include wake-up instructions, combat instructions, ignition instructions, and sleep instructions; the wireless control instructions include an ID address, and the wireless SoC RF chip extracts the ID address in the wireless control instructions and compares it with the ID address stored in the data memory. When the ID address matches successfully, the corresponding instruction is executed;

[0026] After receiving the sleep instruction, it controls the power supply unit to only supply power to the wireless integrated MCU unit, so that the wireless integrated MCU unit enters the low-power mode, receives wireless signals through the antenna according to a preset period, and only enters the working state when a wake-up instruction is received, otherwise it remains in the sleep state all the time;

[0027] When receiving a security instruction, it enters the security state, controls the discharge control signal to be high level, and controls the first discharge control signal, the second discharge control signal, and the charge boost enable signal to be low level;

[0028] After receiving the combat instruction, it enters the combat state, and controls the discharge control signal, the first discharge control signal, and the second discharge control signal to be all low level;

[0029] When receiving the ignition instruction, it enters the ignition state, controls the discharge control signal to be low level, and outputs the first discharge control signal and the second discharge control signal to be high level, so as to realize the conduction of the discharge loop formed by the energy storage capacitor and the terminal initiator, and finally complete the discharge initiation.

[0030] Preferably, when the wireless integrated MCU unit receives the ignition instruction, after delaying for the first preset time according to the bound ignition delay parameter, it first outputs the second discharge control signal to be high level, waits for a period of time, and then outputs the first discharge control signal to be high level.

[0031] Preferably, the above low-power integrated wireless initiator further includes an internal resistance detection unit, and the internal resistance detection unit is used to collect and detect the bridge resistance of the terminal initiator. The internal resistance detection unit (36) includes a detection switch, a first current-limiting resistor, a reference resistor, a second current-limiting resistor, and a differential AD sampling unit;

[0032] One end of the detection switch is connected to the power supply, and the other end is connected to the first current-limiting resistor. The first current-limiting resistor, the bridge resistance of the detection terminal initiator, the reference resistor, and the second current-limiting resistor are connected in series;

[0033] The differential AD sampling unit collects the voltages at both ends of the bridge resistance of the terminal initiator and the voltages at both ends of the reference resistor, and sends them to the wireless initiation control module;

[0034] The wireless initiation control module obtains the resistance value of the bridge resistance of the terminal initiator by comparing the voltages at both ends of the bridge resistance of the terminal initiator and the voltages at both ends of the reference resistance.

[0035] Preferably, the above-mentioned low-power integrated wireless initiator further includes an antenna window cover and a housing; the antenna window cover and the terminal initiator are installed at both ends of the housing, forming a sealed cavity with the housing, and the wireless initiation control module is encapsulated inside the sealed cavity.

[0036] Preferably, the physical interface of the antenna window cover adopts a threaded design. The housing is the outer shell of the low-power integrated wireless initiator, which is a tubular structure made of metal stainless steel material. It is fixed to the antenna window cover through threaded connection and fixed to the terminal initiator through laser welding at the contact part. The inside of the housing is the wireless initiation control module. There is an O-ring seal at the threaded connection between one end of the housing and the antenna window cover, and the other end is sealed after laser welding with the terminal initiator.

[0037] Preferably, the antenna selected is a 2.45 GHz ceramic antenna with an impedance matching of 50 Ω and an omnidirectional radiation pattern.

[0038] Another technical solution of the present invention is: a low-power integrated wireless initiation method, which includes the following steps:

[0039] S1. When initially powered on, the wireless integrated MCU unit receives wireless control instructions through the antenna according to a preset period.

[0040] S2. After the wireless integrated MCU unit receives and successfully recognizes the wake-up instruction, it switches from the low-power sleep state to the working state. In the working state, steps S3 to S6 are executed.

[0041] S3. After receiving the safety instruction, it enters the safety state, controls the energy storage and ignition unit to open the discharge circuit, reduces the voltage of the energy storage and ignition capacitor to 0, and the boosting unit does not work.

[0042] S4. After receiving the combat instruction, it enters the combat state, completes the binding of the firing parameters, where the firing parameters include the ignition delay time, and at the same time controls the boosting unit to boost the voltage output by the power supply unit and charge the energy storage and ignition unit, storing the energy of the power supply unit in the energy storage and ignition capacitor.

[0043] S5. After receiving the ignition instruction, it enters the ignition state, controls the energy storage and ignition unit to release the electrical energy of the energy storage and ignition capacitor to the terminal initiator. After the terminal initiator receives the stimulation of the instantaneous discharge current, the electrical energy is converted into chemical energy and outputs detonation energy.

[0044] S6. After receiving the sleep instruction, the power supply unit is controlled to supply power only to the wireless integrated MCU unit and the antenna, and the wireless detonation control module returns to the low-power sleep state and starts again from step S2.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0046] (1) The present invention dynamically controls the working state of the wireless detonation control module through wireless signals. In the dormant state, the module works at low power consumption. In the working state, the module charges the energy storage ignition unit and stores the energy of the power supply unit in the energy storage ignition capacitor. Under command control, the module releases the electric energy of the energy storage ignition capacitor to the terminal detonator to complete the detonation, thus realizing the cable-free control of the detonator and simplifying the cable network design of the control system of the launch vehicle. The dedicated battery and cable network of the rocket's pyrotechnic system can be eliminated, thereby increasing the carrying capacity of the launch vehicle by hundreds of kilograms.

[0047] (2) The present invention has a built-in high-precision internal resistance detection circuit, which can accurately detect the bridge resistance of the detonator online at any time, with a measurement error of less than 0.1Ω.

[0048] (3) The built-in wireless detonation control module of the present invention adopts an integrated and miniaturized design, integrating the antenna, lithium battery, wireless integrated MCU unit, energy storage ignition unit, internal resistance detection unit and other circuits. The volume of the wireless detonator is basically equivalent to that of the existing detonator, and can be widely used in aerospace systems such as current launch vehicles to support the intelligent upgrading of spacecraft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 A low-power integrated wireless initiator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of a low-power integrated wireless initiator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a working principle diagram of a low-power integrated wireless initiator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a low-power integrated wireless initiator boost unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage ignition unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 2 is a schematic diagram of an internal resistance detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0056] Figure 1 This is the external view of the low - function integrated wireless detonator of the present invention. Figure 2 This is the internal structure diagram of the low - function integrated wireless detonator of the present invention. Figure 3 This is the schematic diagram of the low - function integrated wireless detonator of the present invention.

[0057] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, a low - power integrated wireless detonator provided by the present invention includes: an antenna window cover 1, a housing 2, a wireless detonation control module 3, and a terminal detonator 4. The wireless detonation control module 3 integrates an antenna 31, a power supply unit 32, a wireless integrated MCU unit 33, a boosting unit 34, an energy - storage firing unit 35, and an internal resistance detection unit 36.

[0058] When initially powered on, the wireless detonation control module 3 is in a low - power sleep state. The power supply unit 32 only powers the wireless integrated MCU unit 33. After the wireless integrated MCU unit 33 receives and successfully identifies wireless control instructions through the antenna 31 according to a preset period, it completes corresponding actions and feeds back status information. The wireless control instructions include a wake - up instruction, a safety instruction, a combat instruction, an ignition instruction, and a sleep instruction.

[0059] After receiving the wake - up instruction, the wireless integrated MCU unit 33 controls the power supply unit 32 to supply power to the boosting unit 34 and the energy - storage firing unit 35. The wireless detonation control module 3 switches from the low - power sleep state to the working state. In the working state:

[0060] After receiving the safety instruction, it enters the safety state. The wireless integrated MCU unit 33 controls the energy - storage firing unit 35 to open the discharge circuit, reducing the voltage of the energy - storage firing capacitor to 0, and the boosting unit does not work.

[0061] After receiving the combat instruction, it enters the combat state. The wireless integrated MCU unit 33 completes the binding of firing parameters, where the firing parameters include the ignition delay time. At the same time, it controls the boosting unit 34 to boost the voltage output by the power supply unit 32 and charge the energy - storage firing unit 35, storing the energy of the power supply unit 32 in the energy - storage firing capacitor. At the same time, it controls the internal resistance detection unit 36 to stop working.

[0062] After receiving the ignition instruction, it enters the ignition state. The wireless integrated MCU unit 33 controls the energy - storage firing unit 34 to release the electrical energy of the energy - storage firing capacitor to the terminal detonator 4. After the terminal detonator 4 receives the stimulation of the instantaneous discharge current, the electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, and detonation energy is output.

[0063] After receiving the sleep instruction, the wireless integrated MCU unit 33 controls the power supply unit 32 to supply power only to the wireless integrated MCU unit 33 and the antenna 31, and other units do not work (do not consume energy), and the wireless detonation control module 3 returns to the low-power sleep state. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the total power consumption is only 0.4 uA at this time.

[0064] The terminal detonator is the same as the traditional electric detonator, with an energetic material installed inside and a metal material shell design. It can complete the detonation function after receiving the stimulation of electric energy (high current).

[0065] The antenna window cover 1 of the low-power integrated wireless detonator is the window for the wireless detonation control module to transmit wireless signals. The antenna of the wireless detonation control module 3 transmits wireless signals, all of which are transmitted to the upper-level control system through the antenna window cover 1. This antenna window cover is designed with a transparent non-metallic material, generally made of polycarbonate, organic glass rod, etc., to facilitate the reliable transmission when the wireless signal (electromagnetic wave) passes through. The physical interface of the antenna window cover adopts a threaded design and is connected and fixed to the shell of the wireless detonator through threads.

[0066] The antenna window cover 1 and the terminal detonator 4 are installed at both ends of the shell 2, forming a sealed cavity with the shell 2, and the wireless detonation control module 3 is encapsulated inside the sealed cavity.

[0067] The physical interface of the antenna window cover adopts a threaded design. The shell is the outer shell of the low-power integrated wireless detonator, which is a tubular structure made of metal stainless steel. It is fixed by threaded connection with the antenna window cover and fixed by laser welding at the contact part with the terminal detonator. The inside of the shell is the wireless detonation control module. There is an O-ring seal at the threaded connection between one end of the shell and the antenna window cover, and the other end is sealed after laser welding with the terminal detonator. In this way, a sealed whole is formed inside the shell, playing a role of sealing and protecting the internal integrated circuits such as the wireless detonation control module.

[0068] The antenna has the characteristics of small volume and low power consumption. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a 2.45 GHz ceramic antenna is selected, with an impedance match of 50 Ω and an omnidirectional radiation direction; the size is 4×2×2 (mm), and the antenna is welded on the circuit board of the wireless detonation control module 3.

[0069] The power supply unit is the only energy source of the wireless initiator, providing electrical energy for control and firing. The power supply unit consists of a battery holder, a lithium battery, and a voltage stabilizing circuit. The battery holder is welded to the circuit board of the wireless initiation control module. The lithium battery selects a small-sized LIR1254 button battery, which is fixed on the circuit board through the battery holder and supplies electrical energy to other units of the wireless initiation control module through the voltage stabilizing circuit. After the voltage stabilizing circuit stabilizes the voltage of the lithium battery at a preset voltage value, it outputs. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the voltage stabilizing circuit stabilizes the voltage of the battery at 3.3V.

[0070] The boosting unit 34 consists of a boost controller, a transformer, a diode D1, etc. The positive pole of the output end of the power supply unit is connected to the opposite-name end of the primary coil of the transformer. The same-name end of the primary coil of the transformer is connected to the negative pole of the output end of the power supply unit through the boost controller. The same-name end of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the diode D1, and the opposite-name end is grounded. The voltage at the output end of the diode D1 is the output of the boosting unit.

[0071] The boost controller integrates a switching MOS transistor and an output voltage feedback circuit. The wireless integrated MCU unit outputs a charging boost enable signal. When the charging boost enable signal is at a high level, it controls the conduction of the switching MOS transistor, and then the primary coil of the transformer conducts. The voltage of the power supply unit is boosted and output after passing through the transformer to charge the energy storage capacitor in the energy storage and firing unit. When the charging boost enable signal is at a low level, the switching MOS transistor disconnects, the transformer does not work, and the output voltage of the boosting unit is 0. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the wireless integrated MCU unit controls the boost controller to boost the voltage of the lithium battery from (2.8 - 4.0)V to (15 - 16)V through the transformer to charge the energy storage capacitor in the energy storage and firing unit.

[0072] As Figure 5 shown, the energy storage and firing unit 35 mainly includes an energy storage capacitor C1, a pressure relief resistor R1, a resistor R2, a pressure relief switch triode Q1, a discharge triode Q4, a first discharge switch Q2, a second discharge switch Q3, and a field effect transistor driver U1. The terminal initiator (4) is a semiconductor bridge type or bridge strip type electro-explosive device, and it realizes initiation by connecting the bridge resistor.

[0073] A resistor R2 is connected in parallel across both ends of the energy storage capacitor C1. One end of a discharge resistor R1 is connected in series with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1. The other end of the discharge resistor R1 is connected in series with the collector of a discharge switching triode Q1. The emitter of the discharge switching triode Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and grounded. The base of the discharge switching triode Q1 is connected to a discharge control signal output by a wireless integrated MCU unit. When the discharge control signal is at a high level, the discharge switching triode Q1 is turned on, and the energy storage capacitor completes energy discharge. Otherwise, when the discharge control signal is at a low level, the discharge switching triode Q1 is turned off; both the first discharge switch Q2 and the second discharge switch Q3 are field effect transistors. The source of the first discharge switch Q2 is connected in parallel with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1. The drain is connected to one end of the terminal initiator bridge circuit. The gate is connected to the collector of a discharge triode Q4. The base of the discharge triode Q4 is connected to a first discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit. When the first discharge control signal is at a high level, the first discharge switch Q2 is turned on, enabling the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor to be conducted to one end of the terminal initiator bridge circuit. When the ignition signal is at a low level, the first discharge switch Q2 is turned off; the source of the second discharge switch Q3 is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and grounded. The drain is connected to the other end of the resistor of the terminal initiator bridge circuit. The gate of the second discharge switch Q3 is connected to a field effect transistor driver U1. The field effect transistor driver U1 connects a second discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit to the second discharge switch Q3. When the second discharge control signal is at a high level, the second discharge switch Q3 is turned on, achieving conduction between the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor and the terminal initiator bridge circuit; when the second discharge control signal is at a high level, the second discharge switch Q3 is turned off.

[0074] When the base of the discharge switching triode Q1 receives a high level output by the wireless integrated MCU unit, the energy storage capacitor completes energy discharge; both the first discharge switch Q2 and the second discharge switch Q3 are field effect transistors. Among them, the first discharge switch Q2 controls the conduction between the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and the resistor of the terminal initiator bridge circuit. The source of the first discharge switch Q2 is connected in parallel with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1. The drain is connected to one end of the terminal initiator bridge circuit. The gate is connected to the collector of a discharge triode Q4. When the base of the discharge triode Q4 receives a high level output by the wireless integrated MCU unit, the first discharge switch Q2 is turned on, enabling the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor to be conducted to the terminal initiator bridge circuit; the second discharge switch Q3 controls the conduction between the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and the terminal initiator. The source of this field effect transistor is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and grounded. The drain is connected to the other end of the resistor of the terminal initiator bridge circuit. The gate of the second discharge switch Q3 is connected to a driver. When the driver receives a high level from the wireless integrated MCU unit, the second discharge switch Q3 is instantaneously turned on, achieving conduction between the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor and the terminal initiator bridge circuit, thereby enabling the discharge loop formed by the energy storage capacitor and the terminal initiator to be conducted, and finally completing discharge initiation.

[0075] The capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor is not less than 100 uF. When the initiator receives a control command to charge, the energy storage capacitor receives the energy of the lithium battery through the transformer and charges. After the energy storage capacitor is fully charged, it waits for the detonation signal from the upper-level control system. If it receives the detonation signal, the energy of the energy storage capacitor is instantaneously released to the terminal initiator through the discharge switch. Otherwise, the energy is released to the pressure relief resistor through the pressure relief switch triode. To increase the safety of the energy storage and ignition unit, the first discharge switch Q2 and the second discharge switch Q3 are sequentially turned on at 2 ms before detonation and at the moment of detonation.

[0076] As Figure 6 shown, the internal resistance detection unit is used to detect the bridge resistance of the terminal initiator 4. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the detection frequency is once every 100 ms. The internal resistance detection unit of the present invention uses the method of resistance voltage division and differential acquisition to accurately detect the bridge resistance of the terminal initiator. The internal resistance detection unit 36 includes a detection switch, a first current-limiting resistor, a reference resistor, a second current-limiting resistor, and a differential AD sampling unit;

[0077] One end of the detection switch is connected to the power supply, and the other end is connected to the first current-limiting resistor. The first current-limiting resistor, the bridge resistance of the detected terminal initiator, the reference resistor, and the second current-limiting resistor are connected in series;

[0078] The differential AD sampling unit collects the voltage across the bridge resistance of the terminal initiator (the voltage difference between voltage 1 and voltage 2 in the figure) and the voltage across the reference resistor (the voltage difference between voltage 2 and voltage 3 in the figure), and sends them to the wireless initiation control module 3;

[0079] The wireless initiation control module 3 compares the voltage across the bridge resistance of the terminal initiator and the voltage across the reference resistor to obtain the resistance value of the bridge resistance of the terminal initiator,

[0080] When starting to collect, the wireless integrated MCU unit controls the first discharge switch and the second discharge switch to close, and the detection switch to open. The 3.3 V voltage flows through the first current-limiting resistor, the terminal initiator, the reference resistor, and the second current-limiting resistor, forming a voltage difference across the terminal initiator and across the reference resistor. At the same time, these two differential voltages are sent to the differential ADC for acquisition, and the two are compared to obtain the accurate bridge resistance value of the terminal initiator. The reference resistor is a 1 Ω resistor, and its accuracy is not greater than 0.5%. The current-limiting resistor can ensure that the current flowing through the terminal initiator is less than 10 mA.

[0081] The wireless integrated MCU unit is the control center of the wireless initiator. The wireless integrated MCU unit 33 includes a wireless SoC radio frequency chip and a data memory inside;

[0082] The data memory stores a unique ID address, product information, and lifespan status information. The product information includes the state of the product, the voltage of the energy storage and ignition capacitor, and the bound ignition delay parameter. The lifespan status information includes the lithium battery voltage and the number of times entering the combat state;

[0083] The wireless SoC RF chip performs wireless communication encoding and decoding on the received wireless signal to obtain a wireless control instruction. The wireless control instruction includes a wake-up instruction, a combat instruction, an ignition instruction, and a sleep instruction; the wireless control instruction includes an ID address. The wireless SoC RF chip extracts the ID address in the wireless control instruction and compares it with the ID address stored in the data memory. When the ID address matches successfully, the corresponding instruction is executed;

[0084] After receiving the sleep instruction, it controls the power supply unit to only supply power to the wireless integrated MCU unit, so that the wireless integrated MCU unit enters the low-power mode, receives wireless signals through the antenna according to a preset period, and only enters the working state when a wake-up instruction is received, otherwise it remains in the sleep state all the time;

[0085] When receiving a security instruction, it enters the security state, controls the discharge control signal to be high level, and controls the first discharge control signal, the second discharge control signal, and the charge boost enable signal to be low level;

[0086] After receiving the combat instruction, it enters the combat state and controls the discharge control signal, the first discharge control signal, and the second discharge control signal to be all low level;

[0087] When receiving the ignition instruction, it enters the ignition state, controls the discharge control signal to be low level, and outputs the first discharge control signal and the second discharge control signal to be high level, so as to realize the conduction of the discharge loop formed by the energy storage capacitor and the terminal initiator, and finally complete the discharge and detonation.

[0088] When the wireless integrated MCU unit receives the ignition instruction, after delaying for a first preset time according to the bound ignition delay parameter, it first outputs the second discharge control signal to be high level, waits for a period of time (such as, 2 ms), and then outputs the first discharge control signal to be high level.

[0089] In a specific implementation of the present invention, the wireless integrated MCU unit selects a mature 2.4 GHz wireless SoC RF chip, which integrates a single-chip microcomputer and a radio frequency function, supports the basic frequency band of 2.400 GHz to 2.4835 GHz. At the same time, the wireless integrated MCU unit internally integrates storage units such as RAM and FLASH, and integrates a high-precision clock.

[0090] Each wireless initiator completes data information interaction with the superior through an antenna and a wireless integrated MCU unit (receiving control instructions from the superior and feeding back its own status information), receives and analyzes the instructions of the superior control system, and when the ID address matches successfully, completes functions such as information interaction, status conversion, and ignition; performs a charging and boosting action according to the charging and boosting enable instruction of the wireless integrated MCU unit, converts the voltage of the low-power lithium battery (2.8 - 4.0)V into a voltage of (15 - 16)V, and completes energy storage. After receiving the ignition instruction, the energy storage and firing unit 35 discharges to the terminal initiator 4 to complete the detonation function.

[0091] The terminal initiator has the characteristic of low-energy ignition, generally being a semiconductor bridge type or bridge strip type electro-explosive device, with an internal bridge resistance of about 1Ω and filled with explosive. The energy storage capacitor of the energy storage and firing unit inside the wireless ignition control module discharges to form a large current. After the large current passes through the 1Ω bridge resistance, an electric explosion occurs, further igniting the explosive. The reliability of the energy storage capacitor discharging to make the 1Ω bridge resistance generate an electric explosion is at least 99.9% (confidence level 0.95).

[0092] The low-power integrated wireless initiator adopts an extremely low-power design mode, with its states set to sleep and working states. When in the sleep state, except for the normal operation of wireless communication, the rest of the circuits do not work, and the period for the wireless communication to search for the wireless signal of the superior control system through the antenna is greater than 10 seconds. If no superior wake-up instruction is received, the wireless initiator always remains in the sleep state, and the energy of the lithium battery can ensure that the wireless initiator remains in the sleep state for more than 4 years. If a wake-up instruction from the superior control system is received during the sleep state, the wireless initiator enters the working state and initializes all circuits.

[0093] In summary, this wireless initiator has a built-in wireless ignition control module (including a lithium battery and an antenna), realizes cableless control of the initiator through the built-in battery, antenna, and wireless ignition control module, and realizes the detonation of the terminal initiator by the low-power lithium battery through the built-in boosting unit and energy storage and firing unit. Compared with traditional initiators, this wireless initiator realizes cableless control and at the same time has functions such as status monitoring, delay, and wireless communication. It can usually be realized by low-power wireless communication methods such as 2.4G, Bluetooth, and ZigBee. At the same time, this wireless initiator adopts an extremely low-power work process design and has a service life of 4 years after being assembled on the upper stage. Generally, the general assembly of a launch vehicle is ready for launch within half a year or even within 1 month after assembly. This wireless initiator can meet the service life requirements for launch after the assembly of the rocket. For other longer service life requirements, the battery needs to be replaced. The present invention realizes cableless and informatized control of the initiator. The initiator has functions such as independent power supply, on-line status self-check, and wireless communication, which can reduce hundreds of kilograms of batteries and cable networks on the rocket and greatly improve the carrying capacity of the launch vehicle.

[0094] The present invention adopts an integrated design of an internal lithium battery, an antenna, and a wireless detonation control module, which can realize the detonation of the detonator in a cable-free manner. Based on a very low power consumption design, it has a lifespan of at least 4 years without battery replacement, meeting the full-cycle lifespan requirements of launch vehicle launches. At the same time, it can meet various flexible intelligent control requirements, improve the payload capacity of the launch vehicle by hundreds of kilograms, and provide strong support for intelligent launch vehicle technology.

[0095] Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and decorations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-power integrated wireless initiator, characterized in that It includes a wireless detonation control module (3) and a terminal detonator (4). The wireless detonation control module (3) integrates an antenna (31), a wireless integrated MCU unit (33), a power supply unit (32), a boost unit (34), and an energy storage and ignition unit (35). The antenna (31) is used for receiving and sending wireless signals. The wireless integrated MCU unit (33), after receiving a wireless control instruction according to a preset period through the antenna (31) and successfully identifying it, controls the boost unit (34) and the energy storage and ignition unit (35) to perform corresponding actions and feedback status information. The boost unit (34) is used for boosting the voltage output by the power supply unit (32) and charging the energy storage and ignition unit (35), storing the energy of the power supply unit (32) in the energy storage ignition capacitor. The energy storage and ignition unit (35) is used for releasing the electric energy of the energy storage ignition capacitor to the terminal detonator (4). The terminal detonator (4), after receiving the stimulation of the instantaneous discharge current, converts electrical energy into chemical energy and outputs detonation energy. The energy storage and ignition unit (35) includes an energy storage capacitor C1, a discharge resistor R1, a resistor R2, a pressure relief switch triode Q1, a discharge triode Q4, a first discharge switch Q2, a second discharge switch Q3, and a field effect transistor driver U1. The terminal detonator (4) realizes detonation by connecting a bridge resistor. Both ends of the energy storage capacitor C1 are connected in parallel with the resistor R2. The positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected in series with one end of the discharge resistor R1. The other end of the discharge resistor R1 is connected in series with the collector of the discharge switch triode Q1. The emitter of the discharge switch triode Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and grounded. The base of the discharge switch triode Q1 is connected to the discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit. When the discharge control signal is at a high level, the discharge switch triode Q1 is turned on, and the energy storage capacitor completes energy discharge. Otherwise, when the discharge control signal is at a low level, the discharge switch triode Q1 is turned off. The first discharge switch Q2 and the second discharge switch Q3 are both field effect transistors. The source electrode of the first discharge switch Q2 is connected in parallel with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1, the drain electrode is connected to one end of the terminal detonator bridge circuit, and the gate electrode is connected to the collector of the discharge triode Q4. The base of the discharge triode Q4 is connected to the first discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit. When the first discharge control signal is at a high level, the first discharge switch Q2 is turned on, enabling the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor to be conducted with one end of the terminal detonator bridge circuit. When the ignition signal is at a low level, the first discharge switch Q2 is turned off. The source electrode of the second discharge switch Q3 is connected to the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1 and grounded, the drain electrode is connected to the other end of the terminal detonator bridge resistor, and the gate electrode of the second discharge switch Q3 is connected to the field effect transistor driver U1. The field effect transistor driver U1 connects the second discharge control signal output by the wireless integrated MCU unit to the second discharge switch Q3. When the second discharge control signal is at a high level, the second discharge switch Q3 is turned on, realizing the conduction between the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor and the terminal detonator bridge circuit. When the second discharge control signal is at a high level, the second discharge switch Q3 is turned off.

2. The low-power integrated wireless detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that The wireless control instructions include a wake-up instruction, a safety instruction, a combat instruction, an ignition instruction, and a sleep instruction. After the wireless integrated MCU unit (33) receives the wake-up instruction, it switches from the low-power sleep state to the working state. In the working state: After receiving the safety instruction, it enters the safety state, controls the energy storage and firing unit (35) to open the discharge circuit, reduces the voltage of the energy storage and firing capacitor to 0, and the boost unit does not work; After receiving the combat instruction, it enters the combat state, completes the binding of firing parameters, where the firing parameters include the ignition delay time. At the same time, it controls the boost unit (34) to boost the voltage output by the power supply unit (32) and charge the energy storage and firing unit (35), storing the energy of the power supply unit (32) in the energy storage capacitor; After receiving the ignition instruction, it enters the ignition state, controls the energy storage and firing unit (35) to release the electrical energy of the energy storage capacitor to the terminal initiator (4); After receiving the sleep instruction, it returns to the low-power sleep state.

3. The low-power integrated wireless initiator according to claim 1, characterized in that In the low-power sleep state, the power supply unit (32) only supplies power to the wireless integrated MCU unit (33) and the antenna. In the working state, the power supply unit (32) also supplies power to the boost unit (34) and the energy storage and firing unit (35).

4. A low-power integrated wireless detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that The boost unit includes a boost controller, a transformer, and a diode D1; The positive pole of the output terminal of the power supply unit is connected to the opposite-name end of the primary coil of the transformer. The same-name end of the primary coil of the transformer is connected to the negative pole of the output terminal of the power supply unit through the boost controller. The same-name end of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the diode D1, and the opposite-name end is grounded. The voltage at the output terminal of the diode D1 is the output of the boost unit; The boost controller integrates a switching MOS transistor. The wireless integrated MCU unit outputs a charging and boosting enable signal. When the charging and boosting enable signal is at a high level, it controls the conduction of the switching MOS transistor, and then the primary coil of the transformer conducts. The voltage of the power supply unit is boosted and output after passing through the transformer to charge the energy storage capacitor in the energy storage and firing unit. When the charging and boosting enable signal is at a low level, the switching MOS transistor disconnects, the transformer does not work, and the output voltage of the boost unit is 0.

5. The low-power integrated wireless initiator according to claim 1, wherein The wireless integrated MCU unit (33) contains a wireless SoC RF chip and a data memory; The data memory stores a unique ID address, product information, and life status information. The product information includes the state of the product, the voltage of the energy storage and firing capacitor, and the bound ignition delay parameters. The life status information includes the lithium battery voltage and the number of times of entering the combat state; The wireless SoC RF chip performs wireless communication encoding and decoding on the received wireless signal to obtain wireless control instructions. The wireless control instructions include a wake-up instruction, a combat instruction, an ignition instruction, and a sleep instruction. The wireless control instructions include an ID address. The wireless SoC RF chip extracts the ID address in the wireless control instructions and compares it with the ID address stored in the data memory. When the ID address matches successfully, the corresponding instruction is executed; After receiving the sleep instruction, the control power supply unit only supplies power to the wireless integrated MCU unit, enabling the wireless integrated MCU unit to enter the low-power mode. It receives wireless signals through the antenna according to a preset period and enters the working state only when a wake-up instruction is received; otherwise, it remains in the sleep state all the time. When a security instruction is received, it enters the security state, controls the discharge control signal to be at a high level, and controls the first discharge control signal, the second discharge control signal, and the charging boost enable signal to be at a low level. After receiving the combat instruction, it enters the combat state, and controls the discharge control signal, the first discharge control signal, and the second discharge control signal to be at a low level. When an ignition instruction is received, it enters the ignition state, controls the discharge control signal to be at a low level, and outputs the first discharge control signal and the second discharge control signal to be at a high level, thereby enabling the discharge circuit formed by the energy storage capacitor and the terminal initiator to conduct, and finally completing the discharge and initiation.

6. The low-power integrated wireless detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that When the wireless integrated MCU unit receives the ignition instruction, after delaying for a first preset time according to the bound ignition delay parameter, it first outputs the second discharge control signal to be at a high level, waits for a period of time, and then outputs the first discharge control signal to be at a high level.

7. The low-power integrated wireless detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that It further includes an internal resistance detection unit. The internal resistance detection unit is used to collect and detect the bridge resistance of the terminal initiator. The internal resistance detection unit (36) includes a detection switch, a first current-limiting resistor, a reference resistor, a second current-limiting resistor, and a differential AD sampling unit. One end of the detection switch is connected to the power supply, and the other end is connected to the first current-limiting resistor. The first current-limiting resistor, the bridge resistance of the detection terminal initiator, the reference resistor, and the second current-limiting resistor are connected in series. The differential AD sampling unit collects the voltages at both ends of the bridge resistance of the terminal initiator and the voltages at both ends of the reference resistor, and sends them to the wireless initiation control module (3). ​ 8. A low-power integrated wireless initiator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that ​ 9. The low-power integrated wireless detonator according to claim 8, characterized in that ​ 10. A low-power integrated wireless detonator initiation method based on the low-power integrated wireless detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that ​ ​ ​ S3. After receiving the safety instruction, enter the safety state, control the energy storage ignition unit (35) to open the discharge circuit, so that the voltage of the energy storage ignition capacitor drops to 0, and the boost unit does not work; S4. After receiving the combat instruction, enter the combat state, complete the binding of the firing parameters, where the firing parameters include the ignition delay time. At the same time, control the boost unit (34) to boost the voltage output by the power supply unit (32), and charge the energy storage ignition unit (35) to store the energy of the power supply unit (32) in the energy storage ignition capacitor; S5. After receiving the ignition instruction, enter the ignition state, control the energy storage ignition unit (35) to release the electrical energy of the energy storage ignition capacitor to the terminal initiator (4). After the terminal initiator (4) receives the instantaneous discharge current stimulation, the electrical energy is converted into chemical energy and outputs detonation energy; S6. After receiving the sleep instruction, control the power supply unit (32) to only supply power to the wireless integrated MCU unit (33) and the antenna (31). The wireless detonation control module (3) returns to the low-power sleep state and starts to execute again from step S2.

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