A long-angle sensor and a batch automatic debugging system thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a long-angle sensor and belongs to the long-angle sensor field. The long-angle sensor comprises a pull rope long-angle sensor, a wire outlet pipe, a spring bin and an oil tank. The pull rope long-angle sensor comprises a sensor pull rope shell, a lower wire disc is rotatably arranged in the sensor pull rope shell, a steel wire rope is coiled on the surface of the lower wire disc, and one end of the steel wire rope, which is away from the lower wire disc, penetrates through and extends out of the wire outlet pipe. The structure of the pull rope long-angle sensor, the wire outlet pipe and the spring bin is improved, the oil tank is added to fill rust-proof oil, the rust-proof effect of the steel wire rope and the constant force spring is increased, a certain damping effect is achieved, the winding caused by the broken wire of the steel wire rope is slowed down, the targeted batch automatic debugging system has multi-interface access capability, products can be parallelly debugged, the multi-product access almost does not affect the debugging efficiency, a plurality of sensors can be debugged at one time, corresponding data can be recorded, and it is more convenient to insert or take out the sensor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of long-angle sensor technology, and in particular to a long-angle sensor and its batch automatic debugging system. Background Technology

[0002] Long-angle sensors are a type of pull-rope sensors. Pull-rope sensors are an ingenious structural design of linear displacement sensors, fully combining the advantages of angle sensors and linear displacement sensors. They are sensors with small installation size, compact structure, large measuring stroke, and high accuracy, with strokes ranging from hundreds of millimeters to tens of meters. The function of pull-rope sensors is to convert mechanical motion into electrical signals that can be measured, recorded, or transmitted.

[0003] The pull-string displacement sensor consists of a stretchable stainless steel rope wound around a threaded hub, which is connected to a precision rotary sensor. The sensor can be an incremental encoder, an absolute (independent) encoder, a hybrid or conductive plastic rotary potentiometer, a synchronizer, or a resolver. Operationally, the pull-string displacement sensor is mounted in a fixed position, with the pull-string attached to the moving object.

[0004] The linear motion of the rope and the axis of motion of the moving object are aligned;

[0005] As motion occurs, the rope extends and contracts. An internal spring ensures the rope tension remains constant; a threaded hub drives a precision rotary sensor, which outputs an electrical signal proportional to the distance the rope moves. Measuring the output signal allows determination of the displacement, direction, or velocity of the moving object.

[0006] Existing long-angle sensors lack damping functionality. During use, if the pull rope breaks, it will retract rapidly, causing entanglement or structural damage. Furthermore, the interface for testing this effect is limited, or manual testing is required. A single test can only satisfy the detection of one or two sensors, resulting in low efficiency, long testing time, and the possibility of errors in the manual test results. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of sensors being prone to tangling or structural damage, low testing efficiency, and long testing time in the prior art, and to propose a long-angle sensor.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A long-angle sensor includes a pull-cord long-angle sensor, a cable outlet tube, a spring compartment, and a fuel tank;

[0010] The pull rope length angle sensor includes a sensor pull rope housing, inside which a lower wire reel rotates. A steel wire rope is wound around the surface of the lower wire reel. The end of the steel wire rope away from the lower wire reel passes through and extends out of the wire tube. A pull ring is connected to the end of the steel wire rope away from the lower wire reel.

[0011] The top of the sensor pull cord housing is fixedly connected to the bottom of the spring chamber, and the top of the spring chamber is fixedly connected to the test frame.

[0012] Preferably, a sensor chip is installed inside the sensor pull cord housing, and a sensor signal transmission terminal is installed at the signal connection end of the chip, and the sensor signal transmission terminal is installed on the surface of the sensor pull cord housing.

[0013] Preferably, the outlet tube includes a tube body, a positioning rod, a rubber block, a plastic retaining ring, and a retraction spring;

[0014] The rubber block, positioning rod, and plastic retaining ring are of varying heights. Multiple plastic retaining rings are engaged with adjacent positioning rods. One end of the positioning rod extends into the main body of the conduit and is connected to the rubber block. A retraction spring is connected between each two adjacent rubber blocks.

[0015] Preferably, a sealing ring is threaded to the end of the conduit body away from the pull rope long angle sensor, and a rubber ring is fixedly installed inside the sealing ring.

[0016] Preferably, the spring compartment includes a main compartment body and a positioning end;

[0017] The inner wall of the main compartment is equipped with multiple sponges, and each sponge has a permeation capillary installed inside. The top of each permeation capillary is connected to the bottom of the refueling tank. A constant force spring is rotatably connected inside the main compartment and is connected to the lower reel. One end of the positioning end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main compartment.

[0018] Preferably, the top of the fuel tank is fitted with a pressure equalization cap for balancing atmospheric pressure, and the interior of the fuel tank is filled with rust-preventive oil.

[0019] A batch automatic debugging system includes a test fixture, a test drive assembly, and a drive belt;

[0020] There are two drive belts, and both drive belts are rotatably connected to the front of the test frame. Multiple spaced clamping frames are installed on both drive belts.

[0021] There are four test drive components, and all four test drive components are slidably connected to the test fixture in a front-to-back manner.

[0022] Preferably, the test frame includes a main frame and an upper frame;

[0023] The front of the main frame is rotatably connected to two transmission belts, and the front of the main frame is provided with multiple signal connector input terminals, which are located between two adjacent transmission belts.

[0024] The top of the upper frame is provided with a connecting plate, and two drive motors are installed on both the left and right sides of the connecting plate. The ends of the four drive motors away from the connecting plate are rotatably connected to the first rollers. The bottom of the connecting plate is engaged with the top of multiple test drive components.

[0025] Preferably, the test drive assembly includes a walking mechanism, a moving plate, and a hydraulic lifting rod;

[0026] A connecting block is fixedly installed on the top of the walking mechanism. The top of the connecting block is engaged with the bottom of the test frame. Multiple driven wheels are installed on the bottom of the moving plate. The multiple driven wheels are slidably connected to the inside of the test frame. The hydraulic lifting rod is installed on the bottom of the moving plate. The output rod of the hydraulic lifting rod is connected to an insertion pin through a coupling.

[0027] Preferably, the insertion needle is a frustum-shaped body that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, and the diameter of the cross-section at the top of the insertion needle is four-fifths of the inner diameter of the pull ring, and the diameter of the cross-section at the bottom of the insertion needle is one-half of the diameter of the pull ring.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a long-angle sensor, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. This long-angle sensor, by setting up an outlet tube, allows the sensor pull rope housing, outlet tube and steel wire rope to form a sealed space to reduce the leakage of anti-rust oil, and can also clean the surface of the steel wire rope in a timely manner. When the rubber ring is severely worn, removing a set of two plastic retaining rings can reduce the rebound force of the compression spring and cause the two rubber blocks to retract to form a new rubber ring to continue to consolidate the sealing effect.

[0030] 2. This long-angle sensor, by incorporating a spring chamber and adding a sponge and a permeating capillary tube inside, allows rust-preventive oil to slowly permeate into the capillary tube in conjunction with the oil tank. Then, when the pressure balance cover is opened or the pull ring pulls the wire rope, the flow gap between the rubber ring and the wire rope balances the atmospheric pressure, and the rust-preventive oil also permeates into the long-angle sensor to protect and lubricate the wire rope. This provides strong protection for both the constant force spring and the wire rope.

[0031] 3. This invention, by setting up a test frame, a test drive component and a transmission belt, can not only fix multiple long-angle sensors at one time, but also perform detection and debugging at different distances or the same distance according to different numbers and positions of long-angle sensors as needed, and use a chip to record data in conjunction with the main frame.

[0032] This invention improves the structure of the pull rope length angle sensor, the lead tube, and the spring chamber by adding an oil tank filled with anti-rust oil. This enhances the anti-rust effect of the wire rope and constant force spring while also providing a certain damping effect, reducing the entanglement caused by wire rope breakage. The targeted batch automatic debugging system has multiple interface access capabilities, allowing for parallel product debugging. Multiple product access has almost no impact on debugging efficiency. It can debug multiple sensors at once and record corresponding data. Inserting and removing sensors is more convenient, effectively improving debugging and testing efficiency and showing good application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a first-person perspective three-dimensional structural diagram of the batch automatic debugging system in this invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a two-dimensional structural diagram of the batch automatic debugging system in this invention from a second perspective;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the batch automatic debugging system in this invention from a third-person perspective;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the long-angle sensor from the first perspective in this invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second perspective of the long-angle sensor in this invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a frontal cross-sectional view of the batch automatic debugging system in this invention.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a top view cross-sectional structural diagram of the sensor pull rope housing in this invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a top view cross-sectional structural diagram of the main compartment in this invention;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a front view schematic diagram of the test driving component in this invention;

[0042] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0043] In the diagram: 1. Pull rope angle sensor; 11. Sensor pull rope housing; 12. Lower reel; 13. Pull rope; 14. Pull ring; 15. Sensor signal transmission end; 2. Outlet tube; 21. Tube body; 22. Positioning rod; 23. Rubber block; 24. Plastic retaining ring; 25. Contraction spring; 26. Sealing ring; 27. Rubber ring; 3. Spring chamber; 31. Main chamber body; 32. Sponge; 33. Permeation capillary tube; 34. Positioning 35. Constant force spring; 4. Test frame; 41. Main frame; 42. Upper frame; 43. Connecting plate; 44. Drive motor; 45. First roller; 46. Signal connector input end; 5. Test drive assembly; 51. Walking mechanism; 52. Connecting block; 53. Moving plate; 54. Driven wheel; 55. Hydraulic lifting rod; 56. Insertion pin; 6. Transmission belt; 61. Clamping frame; 7. Oil tank; 71. Air pressure balance cover. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0045] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0046] Example 1,

[0047] Reference Figure 4 , 5 7, 8, 10

[0048] A long-angle sensor includes a pull-cord long-angle sensor 1, a cable outlet tube 2, a spring compartment 3, and a fuel tank 7;

[0049] The pull rope length angle sensor 1 includes a sensor pull rope housing 11, a lower wire reel 12 that rotates inside the sensor pull rope housing 11, a steel wire rope 13 that is wound around the surface of the lower wire reel 12, the end of the steel wire rope 13 away from the lower wire reel 12 that passes through and extends out of the wire tube 2, and a pull ring 14 that is connected to the end of the steel wire rope 13 away from the lower wire reel 12.

[0050] The top of the sensor pull cord housing 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the spring chamber 3, and the top of the spring chamber 3 is fixedly connected to the test frame 4.

[0051] In this embodiment, a sensor chip is installed inside the sensor pull cord housing 11, and a sensor signal transmission terminal 15 is installed at the signal connection end of the chip. The sensor signal transmission terminal 15 is installed on the surface of the sensor pull cord housing 11.

[0052] In this embodiment, the cable outlet tube 2 includes a cable tube body 21, a positioning rod 22, a rubber block 23, a plastic retaining ring 24, and a retraction spring 25;

[0053] The height of the rubber block 23, the positioning rod 22, and the plastic retaining ring 24 are as follows: multiple plastic retaining rings 24 are engaged with adjacent positioning rods 22; one end of the positioning rod 22 extends into the main body of the conduit 21 and is connected to the rubber block 23; and a retraction spring 25 is connected between each adjacent rubber block 23.

[0054] In this embodiment, a sealing ring 26 is threadedly connected to the end of the conduit body 21 away from the pull rope long angle sensor 1, and a rubber ring 27 is fixedly installed inside the sealing ring 26.

[0055] In this embodiment, the spring compartment 3 includes a main compartment body 31 and a positioning end 34;

[0056] Multiple sponges 32 are installed on the inner wall of the main compartment 31, and each sponge 32 has a permeation capillary tube 33 installed inside. The top of each permeation capillary tube 33 is connected to the bottom of the oil tank 7. A constant force spring 35 is rotatably connected inside the main compartment 31. The constant force spring 35 is connected to the lower reel 12. One end of the positioning end 34 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main compartment 31.

[0057] In this embodiment, the top of the fuel tank 7 is fitted with a pressure balance cover 71 for balancing atmospheric pressure, and the inside of the fuel tank 7 is filled with rust-preventive oil.

[0058] Example 2,

[0059] Reference Figure 1 , 2 3, 6, 9

[0060] A batch automatic debugging system includes a test rack 4, a test drive assembly 5, and a transmission belt 6;

[0061] There are two drive belts 6, and both drive belts 6 are rotatably connected to the front of the test frame 4. Multiple spaced clamping frames 61 are installed on both drive belts 6.

[0062] There are four test drive components 5, and all four test drive components 5 are slidably connected to the test fixture 4.

[0063] In this embodiment, the test frame 4 includes a main frame 41 and an upper frame 42;

[0064] The front of the main frame 41 is rotatably connected to two transmission belts 6, and the front of the main frame 41 is provided with multiple signal connector input terminals 46, which are located between two adjacent transmission belts 6.

[0065] The top of the upper frame 42 is provided with a connecting plate 43. Two drive motors 44 are installed on the left and right sides of the connecting plate 43. The ends of the four drive motors 44 away from the connecting plate 43 are rotatably connected to the first rollers 45. The bottom of the connecting plate 43 is engaged with the top of multiple test drive components 5.

[0066] In this embodiment, the test drive assembly 5 includes a walking mechanism 51, a moving plate 53, and a hydraulic lifting rod 55;

[0067] A connecting block 52 is fixedly installed on the top of the walking mechanism 51. The top of the connecting block 52 is engaged with the bottom of the test frame 4. Multiple driven wheels 54 are installed on the bottom of the moving plate 53. The multiple driven wheels 54 are slidably connected to the inside of the test frame 4. The hydraulic lifting rod 55 is installed on the bottom of the moving plate 53. The output rod of the hydraulic lifting rod 55 is connected to the insertion pin 56 through a coupling.

[0068] In this embodiment, the insertion pin 56 is a frustum-shaped body that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The diameter of the top cross-section of the insertion pin 56 is four-fifths of the inner diameter of the pull ring 14, and the diameter of the bottom cross-section of the insertion pin 56 is one-half of the diameter of the pull ring 14.

[0069] Furthermore, in embodiment 3, the sensor signal transmission end 15 has raised metal dots, and the signal connector input end 46 also has corresponding raised metal contacts. When these two contacts come into contact with each other, the signals and data recorded by the sensor chip can be transmitted to the main frame 41. The main frame 41 is used to record the test results and to control other components. The control center recorded in the main frame 41 can be any module or control motherboard that can perform this function.

[0070] Furthermore, in embodiment 4, a lifting rod can be used to establish a connection between the main frame 41 and the transmission belt 6 between the two transmission belts 6.

[0071] See Figures 1-10 In this invention, not only is the rope length angle sensor itself improved, but a special device for multi-point recording and testing of the rope length angle sensor is also made.

[0072] In the pull rope length angle sensor, the original part, which only had the pull rope length angle sensor 1 and the spring chamber 3, was improved by adding an outlet tube 2. This allows the wire rope 13 to exit more smoothly, while the outlet tube 2, the wire rope 13, and the sensor pull rope housing 11 form a sealed space. At this time, the constant force spring 35 is connected to the lower reel 12, and the oil tank 7 is connected to the permeation capillary tubes 33 in multiple sponges 32. The oil tank 7 is filled with anti-rust oil. Under these conditions, when the air pressure balance cover 71 is opened, when the steel... When the wire rope 13 is pulled out, the gap between the wire rope 13 and the rubber ring 27 will balance the atmospheric pressure. Under the action of gravity, the rust-preventive oil in the oil tank 7 will gradually penetrate into the sponge 32 through the permeation capillary 33, and then penetrate into the sensor pull rope shell 11 through the constant force spring 35 to wet the wire rope 13. This improves the pull rope long angle sensor 1 and the spring chamber 3, fills them with rust-preventive oil, increases the rust prevention effect of the constant force spring 35 and the wire rope 13, and at the same time plays a damping role, reducing the entanglement caused by the pull rope breaking.

[0073] When testing is required, the pull rope length angle sensor to be tested is placed from the right side and engaged with the left side clamping frame 61 of one set of clamping frames 61. At this time, the transmission belt 6 rotates and clamps the pull rope length angle sensor to the left and transports the pull rope length angle sensor to the left until all stations (four clamping stations in the attached figure) are filled or the pull rope length angle to be tested (when the sensor is less than four stations) is completely inserted between the two transmission belts 6. At this time, the transmission belt 6 stops working. At this time, the signal connector input end 46 makes contact with the corresponding contact point on the corresponding sensor signal transmission end 15, and the main frame 41 is connected to the corresponding sensor. At this time, there are two options.

[0074] Select 1. Pull the lower reel 12 on the four sensors together to start multiple hydraulic lifting rods 55 to drive the insertion needle 56 to move downward and insert into the pull ring 14 of the four sensors. At this time, the connecting plate 43 can be placed on the top of the upper frame 42, and the bottom of the connecting plate 43 is locked with multiple connecting blocks 52. Start the two drive motors 44 to drive the first roller 45 to rotate. At this time, the connecting plate 43 will drive the insertion needle 56 to move forward through the connecting block 52, the walking mechanism 51, the moving plate 53, and the hydraulic lifting rod 55. That is, it will drive the pull ring 14 to pull out the steel wire rope 13 to move forward. When it reaches the predetermined position, the drive motor 44 is de-energized. Under the retraction force of the constant force spring 35 and the positioning end 34, the steel wire rope 13 is retracted and the connecting plate 43 is driven back to the initial position. The hydraulic lifting rod 55 controls the insertion needle 56 to rise to the initial position.

[0075] Option 2: When the sensor displacement distances at each workstation are different, remove the connecting plate 43, activate multiple hydraulic lifting rods 55 to drive the insertion needles 56 to move downwards and insert into the pull rings 14 of the four sensors. At this time, the walking mechanism 51 drives the moving plate 53 and the driven wheel 54 to move within the main frame 41. Through the hydraulic lifting rods 55 and the insertion needles 56, steel wire ropes 13 of different lengths are pulled out through the pull rings 14. When the predetermined position is reached, the corresponding walking mechanism 51 is de-energized. Under the retraction force of the constant force spring 35 and the positioning end 34, the steel wire ropes 13 are retracted, and the connecting plate 43 is driven back to the initial position. The hydraulic lifting rods 55 control the insertion needles 56 to rise to the initial position.

[0076] After testing, faulty sensors can be pulled forward and discarded. The rest can be collected by starting the transmission belt 6. When the sensor moves to the far left, the locking brackets 61 on the two transmission belts 6 will release the sensor and it will fall to the left platform for collection. This enables multi-interface access capability and allows for parallel product debugging. The access of multiple products has almost no impact on debugging efficiency.

[0077] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-angle sensor, characterized in that, Includes a pull rope long angle sensor (1), a cable outlet (2), a spring compartment (3), and a fuel tank (7); The pull rope length angle sensor (1) includes a sensor pull rope shell (11), inside which a lower wire reel (12) rotates, and a steel wire rope (13) is wound on the surface of the lower wire reel (12). The end of the steel wire rope (13) away from the lower wire reel (12) passes through and extends out of the wire tube (2), and the end of the steel wire rope (13) away from the lower wire reel (12) is connected to a pull ring (14). The top of the sensor pull cord housing (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the spring chamber (3), and the top of the spring chamber (3) is fixedly connected to the test frame (4). The spring magazine (3) includes a main magazine body (31) and a positioning end (34); The inner wall of the main compartment (31) is equipped with multiple sponges (32), and each sponge (32) is equipped with a permeation capillary (33). The top of each permeation capillary (33) is connected to the bottom of the refueling tank (7). A constant force spring (35) is rotatably connected inside the main compartment (31). The constant force spring (35) is connected to the lower reel (12). One end of the positioning end (34) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main compartment (31).

2. The long-angle sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor pull cord housing (11) is equipped with a sensor chip inside, and the signal connection end of the chip is equipped with a sensor signal transmission end (15), which is mounted on the surface of the sensor pull cord housing (11).

3. The long-angle sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet tube (2) includes a tube body (21), a positioning rod (22), a rubber block (23), a plastic retaining ring (24), and a retraction spring (25); There are multiple rubber blocks (23), positioning rods (22), and plastic retaining rings (24). Multiple plastic retaining rings (24) are engaged with adjacent positioning rods (22). One end of the positioning rod (22) extends into the main body (21) of the conduit and is connected to the rubber block (23). A retraction spring (25) is connected between two adjacent rubber blocks (23).

4. A long-angle sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The end of the main body (21) away from the long angle sensor (1) of the cable is threaded with a sealing ring (26), and a rubber ring (27) is fixedly installed inside the sealing ring (26).

5. A long-angle sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the fuel tank (7) is fitted with a pressure balance cover (71) for balancing atmospheric pressure, and the inside of the fuel tank (7) is filled with rust-preventive oil.

6. A batch automatic debugging system for the long-angle sensor according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes a test fixture (4), a test drive assembly (5), and a drive belt (6); There are two transmission belts (6), and both transmission belts (6) are rotatably connected to the front of the test frame (4). Multiple spaced clamping frames (61) are installed on both transmission belts (6). There are four test drive components (5), and all four test drive components (5) are slidably connected to the test frame (4) in a front-to-back manner.

7. The batch automatic debugging system for long-angle sensors according to claim 6, characterized in that, The test frame (4) includes a main frame (41) and an upper frame (42). The front of the main frame (41) is rotatably connected to two transmission belts (6), and the front of the main frame (41) is provided with multiple signal connector input terminals (46), and the multiple signal connector input terminals (46) are located between two adjacent transmission belts (6). The top of the upper frame (42) is provided with a connecting plate (43), and two drive motors (44) are installed on the left and right sides of the connecting plate (43). The end of each of the four drive motors (44) away from the connecting plate (43) is rotatably connected to a first roller (45). The bottom of the connecting plate (43) is engaged with the top of multiple test drive components (5).

8. The batch automatic debugging system for long-angle sensors according to claim 6, characterized in that, The test drive assembly (5) includes a walking mechanism (51), a moving plate (53), and a hydraulic lifting rod (55). A connecting block (52) is fixedly installed on the top of the walking mechanism (51). The top of the connecting block (52) is engaged with the bottom of the test frame (4). Multiple driven wheels (54) are installed on the bottom of the moving plate (53). The multiple driven wheels (54) are slidably connected to the inside of the test frame (4). The hydraulic lifting rod (55) is installed on the bottom of the moving plate (53). The output rod of the hydraulic lifting rod (55) is connected to an insertion pin (56) through a coupling.

9. The batch automatic debugging system for long-angle sensors according to claim 8, characterized in that, The insertion needle (56) is a frustum-shaped body that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The diameter of the top cross-section of the insertion needle (56) is four-fifths of the inner diameter of the pull ring (14), and the diameter of the bottom cross-section of the insertion needle (56) is one-half of the diameter of the pull ring (14).

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