A surgical instrument

Abstract

The application discloses a surgical instrument, which comprises an elongated body assembly and a loading unit detachably connected to the elongated body assembly, and the loading unit is provided with an identification surface at the proximal end; the elongated body assembly is provided with a loading unit type identification part, which comprises a first sliding piece, a first trigger, and a first circuit board; the first sliding piece is used for cooperating with the loading unit, and different types of loading units trigger the first sliding piece to slide to different target positions when being inserted; the first trigger is arranged on the first sliding piece; the first circuit board is arranged with at least two first response pieces at intervals along the sliding direction of the first sliding piece, each first response piece is used for cooperating with the first trigger to open or cut off a first electric branch circuit, wherein the load value on each first electric branch circuit is different; and a controller is configured to determine the type of the loading unit according to the feedback signal of the first circuit board. The application solves the problem that the surgical instrument has the risk of misjudgment when identifying the type of the loading unit.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the Chinese Patent Application No. 202110865511.X, filed on July 29, 2021, entitled "A surgical instrument". TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the field of surgical instruments, in particular to a surgical instrument capable of identifying the type of loading unit. BACKGROUND

[0003] Linear clamping, cutting and anastomosis surgical instruments can be used in surgical operations to resect tissue. Traditional linear clamping, cutting and anastomosis surgical instruments include a loading unit and a handle assembly. The loading unit is the effector of the surgical instrument, which is used to clamp the tissue to be cut / anastomosed. Since the handle assembly can be used multiple times in a surgery, while the loading unit is disposable, the loading unit is usually detachably mounted on the handle assembly, and the corresponding loading unit is replaced according to different situations. Different types of loading units require different drives, and when different loading units are replaced, the relevant information of the loading unit (such as the type of the loading unit) needs to be transmitted to the control unit on the handle assembly of the surgical instrument, and then the corresponding drive is selected according to the type of the loading unit to make the loading unit perform the operation, so as to avoid medical accidents.

[0004] The existing surgical instrument usually sets an identification unit to distinguish different types of loading units. The existing identification unit usually adopts the RFID scanning identification method. In this method, an RFID chip needs to be attached to the loading unit side, and a reading device is provided on the handle part. When using, the operator scans the RFID chip attached to the loading unit close to the reading device, and then inserts the loading unit into the handle part, and the control unit obtains the type information of the loading unit according to the information read by the reading device. This identification method needs to scan the RFID before insertion, which increases the operation steps and is not convenient. At the same time, if the type II loading unit is mistakenly inserted into the handle part after scanning the type I loading unit, the control unit cannot determine that the type of the loading unit is wrong at this time. It can be seen that this method also has the risk of misjudgment. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a surgical instrument for linear clamping, cutting and anastomosis, which is convenient to operate and has low risk of misjudgment.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0007] A surgical instrument comprises a handle part, an elongated body assembly defining a longitudinal axis direction, and a loading unit detachably coupled to the elongated body assembly; the loading unit has an identification surface on its proximal end, the position of the identification surface matches the type of the loading unit; the elongated body assembly is provided with a loading unit type identification part, which comprises: a first sliding member for cooperating with the identification surface of the loading unit, when loading units of different types are coupled to the elongated body assembly, the identification surface of the loading unit triggers the first sliding member to slide to different target positions along the longitudinal axis direction; the first sliding member is fixedly connected with a first trigger member; a first circuit board is provided with at least two first response members spaced apart along the longitudinal axis direction, each of the first response members is used for cooperating with the first trigger member to open or cut off a first electric branch, wherein the load value of each first electric branch is different; a controller is configured to determine the type of the loading unit according to the feedback signal of the first circuit board.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present application, the loading unit type identification part further comprises a first reset member between the housing of the elongated body assembly and the first sliding member, the first reset member applies a force to the first sliding member towards the distal end, and the first sliding member is located at the distal end of the elongated body assembly under the action of the first reset member in the initial state.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, the identification feature is the distance from the identification surface of the loading unit to its proximal end.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, the first response member is a conductive contact pad provided on the first circuit board, and the first trigger member is an elastic conductive plug connected to the first sliding member, when the first sliding member drives the elastic conductive plug to slide to contact one of the conductive contact pads on the first circuit board, the first electric branch in which the conductive contact pad is located is connected.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the first response member comprises two elastic conductive contact pads abutting each other, the two elastic conductive contact pads are electrically connected and connect a first electric branch; the first trigger member is an insulating protrusion provided on the first sliding member, when the first sliding member drives the insulating protrusion to slide between the two elastic conductive contact pads, the first electric branch in which the two elastic conductive contact pads are located is cut off.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, the elongated body assembly comprises a housing and a support frame inside the housing, the support frame is provided with a sliding groove, the first circuit board is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding groove, the first sliding member is slidingly connected to the side wall of the sliding groove, and the first reset member is located between the proximal end of the sliding groove and the proximal end of the first sliding member.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present application, the proximal end of the loading unit comprises a connecting structure for engaging with the elongated body assembly, which comprises a first plug-in section and a second plug-in section connected in sequence from the distal end to the proximal end, the outer diameter of the first plug-in section is larger than that of the second plug-in section, and the stepped surface of the first plug-in section and the second plug-in section forms the identification surface.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present application, the first plug-in section is provided with a rotating locking part for engaging with the elongated body assembly.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present application, the first sliding member has a protrusion protruding towards the axis of the elongated body assembly at the distal end, and the identification surface of the loading unit cooperates with the protrusion of the first sliding member.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present application, at least two groups of first response members are arranged on the circuit board in the direction of the longitudinal axis.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present application, an indication unit is further included, which is used to send a first indication signal indicating the type of the loading unit according to the signal of the controller.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present application, the elongated body assembly further comprises a loading unit installation position identification part, which comprises: a second sliding member and a third sliding member, the second sliding member is used to cooperate with the rotating locking part of the loading unit, and the third sliding member is used to cooperate with the proximal end surface of the loading unit, when the loading unit is in the plug-in position and the rotating position, the second sliding member slides to different set positions, and the third sliding member is located at the same set position; the second sliding member is connected with a second trigger member, and the third sliding member is connected with a third trigger member; a second circuit board is provided with a second response member and a third response member, the second response member is used to cooperate with the second trigger member to convert the second electric branch between the first state and the second state, and the third response member is used to cooperate with the third trigger member to convert the third electric branch between the third state and the fourth state; corresponding to the plug-in position and the rotating position of the loading unit, the second circuit board outputs two different states; and a controller is configured to determine whether the loading unit is installed in place according to the feedback signal of the second circuit board.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, the loading unit installation position recognition part further comprises a second reset member, which applies a force towards the distal end to the second sliding member;

[0020] When the loading unit is in the plug-in position, the rotation locking part of the loading unit abuts against the second sliding member, the second trigger triggers the second response member to make the second electric branch circuit in the first state; when the loading unit is in the rotation position, the rotation locking part of the loading unit is separated from the second sliding member, the second sliding member moves to the distal end of the elongated body assembly under the action of the second reset member, and the second trigger is separated from the second response member to make the second electric branch circuit in the second state.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, the loading unit installation position recognition part further comprises a third reset member, which applies a force towards the distal end to the third sliding member; when the loading unit is in the plug-in position and the rotation position, the proximal end surface of the loading unit abuts against the third sliding member, the third trigger triggers the third response member to make the third electric branch circuit in the third state; when the loading unit is in the unplug-in position, the third sliding member moves to the distal end of the elongated body assembly under the action of the third reset member, and the third trigger is separated from the third response member to make the third electric branch circuit in the fourth state.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, the second response member and the third response member are respectively electric switches, the second trigger and the third trigger change the state of the electric switches to change the state of the second electric branch circuit and the third electric branch circuit.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the second electric branch circuit and the third electric branch circuit respectively comprise two load branch circuits connected to the two states of the electric switches, and the load values of the two load branch circuits are different.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of first electric branch circuits are connected in parallel to form a loading unit type recognition circuit, the second electric branch circuit and the third electric branch circuit are connected in series to form a loading unit installation position recognition circuit; the loading unit type recognition circuit and the loading unit installation position recognition circuit are connected in series to the controller.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, the loading unit type recognition circuit further comprises a first load branch circuit connected in parallel to the first electric branch circuit; when the loading unit is in the unplug-in position, the rotation position, and the plug-in position, the loading unit type recognition circuit and the loading unit installation position recognition circuit are respectively in the on state, and the load values in the three states are different.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present application, the loading unit type identification circuit further comprises a first load branch connected in parallel with the first electric branch; the loading unit installation position identification circuit, the first state of the second electric branch and the second state correspond to two electric branches with different load values, the third state of the third electric branch and the fourth state correspond to two electric branches with different load values; when the loading unit is in the unplugged position and installed in place, the loading unit type identification circuit and the loading unit installation position identification circuit are in the on state and the load values in the two states are different.

[0027] The technical scheme of the present application has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0028] The surgical instrument provided by the present application has the following advantages: the proximal end of the loading unit has an identification action surface, the distance between the identification action surface of the loading unit of different types and the proximal end thereof is different; the loading unit type identification part is arranged on the elongated body assembly, which is a sliding part that slides along the longitudinal axis of the elongated body assembly under the action of the identification action surface of the loading unit; the sliding part drives the trigger part to cooperate with the response part on the circuit board to turn on or turn off different electric branches; since the loads of different electric branches are different, the identification of the type of the loading unit is realized. The surgical instrument of the present application can realize the identification of the type of the loading unit during the plugging process of the loading unit, which is convenient to operate and has a low risk of misidentification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will help to understand the purposes and advantages of the present application, in which:

[0030] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific embodiment of the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the handle assembly of a specific embodiment of the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of three different types of loading units in the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a specific embodiment of the loading unit installation position identification part in the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0034] Figure 5 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the loading unit and the elongated body assembly in the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a specific embodiment of the loading unit type identification part in the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0036] Figure 7 Structure diagram of the surgical instrument of the present application when the loading unit type recognition part cooperates with the type III loading unit;

[0037] Figure 8 Structure diagram of the surgical instrument of the present application when the loading unit type recognition part cooperates with the type I loading unit;

[0038] Figure 9 Structure diagram of the surgical instrument of the present application when the loading unit type recognition part cooperates with the type II loading unit;

[0039] Figure 10a Structure diagram of the loading unit type recognition circuit of the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0040] Figure 10b Another structure diagram of the loading unit type recognition circuit of the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0041] Figure 10c Another structure diagram of the loading unit type recognition circuit of the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0042] Figure 11 Structure diagram of a specific embodiment of the first sliding part and the first trigger part of the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0043] Figure 12 Structure diagram of a specific embodiment of the first trigger part and the first response part of the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0044] Figure 13 Structure diagram of a specific embodiment of the first sliding part of the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0045] Figure 14 Structure diagram of a specific embodiment of the first trigger part of the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0046] Figure 15 Structure diagram of a specific embodiment of the first circuit board and the first response part of the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0047] Figure 16 Structure diagram of a specific embodiment of the first trigger part and the first response part of the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0048] Figure 17 Structure diagram of a specific embodiment of the first trigger part of the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0049] Figure 18Structure diagram of another embodiment of the first response member in the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0050] Figure 19 Structure diagram of an embodiment of the second sliding member in the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0051] Figure 20 Structure diagram of an embodiment of the second trigger member in the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0052] Figure 21a Connection state of an embodiment of the loading unit type identification circuit and the loading unit installation in place identification circuit of the present application when the loading unit is not plugged in;

[0053] Figure 21b Connection state of an embodiment of the loading unit type identification circuit and the loading unit installation in place identification circuit of the present application when the loading unit is plugged in;

[0054] Figure 21c Connection state of an embodiment of the loading unit type identification circuit and the loading unit installation in place identification circuit of the present application when the loading unit is rotated in place;

[0055] Figure 22 Structure diagram of the rotation locking connection structure between the loading unit and the elongated body assembly in the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0056] Figure 23a Diagram of the elongated body assembly without the loading unit installed in the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0057] Figure 23b Diagram of the loading unit inserted into the elongated body assembly in the surgical instrument of the present application;

[0058] Figure 23c Diagram of the loading unit rotated in place in the surgical instrument of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings. In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the term "distal / end" refers to the part of a component, instrument and / or device or its component that is farther away from a user (e.g., a doctor using the instrument), and the term "proximal / end" refers to the part of the component, instrument and / or device or its component that is closer to the user. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" should be broadly understood, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0060] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0061] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an embodiment of a surgical instrument. The illustrated embodiment is an endoscopic instrument, and in general, the embodiments of the surgical instrument described herein are endoscopic surgical cutting stapling instruments. However, it should be noted that the surgical instrument can also be a non-endoscopic surgical cutting stapling instrument, such as an open surgical instrument for use in open surgery.

[0062] Figure 1 , Figure 2 The surgical instrument shown includes a handle assembly and a loading unit 200 that are detachably separated from each other, wherein the handle assembly can be adapted to different types of loading units 200, and the distal end of the loading unit 200 is provided with an end effector 210 including an anvil assembly 211 and a cartridge assembly 212, which form a jaw, and the end effector 210 is adapted to perform a specific surgical operation, such as clamping, suturing / stapling, cutting, etc. on tissue. A movable firing member (not shown in the figure) for performing a specific surgical operation is arranged in the end effector 210. The handle assembly includes a handle portion 300 and an elongated body assembly 100, which defines a longitudinal axis extending distally from the distal end of the handle portion 300. The distal end of the elongated body assembly 100 is detachably connected to the loading unit 200. Figure 1

[0063] Further as shown in Figure 1 and 2 , the handle portion 300 includes a handle body 310 and an actuating member 320, and by operating the actuating member 320, the closing, opening, suturing / stapling, cutting, etc. operations of the end effector 210 are realized.​

[0064] In alternative embodiments, the handle portion 300 and the elongated body assembly 100 can be detachably separated from each other, and the handle portion 300 is configured to selectively connect the elongated body assembly 100.

[0065] It should be noted that although the embodiments of the surgical instrument described herein are configured to cut and staple tissue, in alternative embodiments, other techniques for cutting and stapling tissue can also be configured. For example, end effectors that utilize radio frequency (RF) energy or adhesives to staple tissue can also be used.

[0066] Further as shown in Figure 1 the handle assembly described in the embodiments of the present application further comprises a rotating head assembly 400, which is mounted at the distal side of the handle portion 300 and fixedly connected with the proximal end of the elongated body assembly 100, and when the rotating head assembly 400 is operated to rotate around the longitudinal axis of the surgical instrument, it can drive the elongated body assembly 100 and the loading unit 200 to rotate together.

[0067] The surgical instrument described in the above embodiments further comprises a loading unit type identification mechanism, which is used to identify the type of the loading unit, so as to control the driving system to provide driving according to the type of the loading unit.

[0068] Specifically, as shown in Figure 4 the loading unit identification mechanism comprises a loading unit type identification portion 100a, which is provided at the distal side of the elongated body assembly 100, and based on the judgment of the identification mechanism, the type of the loading unit 200 can be determined to facilitate further surgical operation. The specific implementation mode of the loading unit type identification portion 100a is introduced below.

[0069] <Loading unit type identification portion 100a>

[0070] As shown in Figure 6 the loading unit type identification portion 100a comprises a first sliding member 101 which is slidingly connected in the housing 105 of the elongated body assembly 100, a first trigger member 102 which is provided on the first sliding member 101 and slides therewith, a first circuit board 103 which is fixedly connected in the support frame 107 of the elongated body assembly 100, and a controller which is configured to determine the type of the loading unit 200 according to the feedback signal of the first circuit board 103. As shown in Figures 7-9As shown, the first sliding member 101 is used to cooperate with the loading unit 200, and different types of loading units 200 are inserted to trigger the first sliding member 101 to slide to different target positions, thereby driving the first trigger member 102 to slide to different target positions; the first circuit board 103 is arranged at least two first response members 104 in the sliding direction of the first sliding member 101, and each first response member 104 is used to cooperate with the first trigger member 102 to provide an electrical signal corresponding to the type of the loading unit. For example, by cooperating the first response member 104 with the first trigger member 102, a first electrical branch A1 is opened or cut off, wherein the load value on each first electrical branch A1 is different.

[0071] Figure 3 , and Figures 7-9 The above loading unit type identification part 100a is used to identify three different types of loading units 200, wherein the proximal end of the loading unit 200 is provided with a feature 201, and the feature 201 has an identification action surface 202, and the identification action surfaces 202 of different types of loading units 200 are arranged at different target positions along the longitudinal direction, so that when the loading unit 200 is inserted into the elongated body assembly 100, the identification action surface 202 of the feature 201 drives the first sliding member 101 to slide a distance corresponding to the type of the loading unit 200. For example, as shown in Figure 3 , the identification action surface 202 of the I-type loading unit 200 is arranged at the position closest to the proximal end thereof, as shown in Figure 8 , when the I-type loading unit 200 is inserted into the elongated body assembly 100, the identification action surface 202 pushes the first sliding member 101, thereby driving the first trigger member 102 to slide to the first target position, and the first trigger member 102 cooperates with the first response member 104 distal to the elongated body assembly 100, so that the first electrical branch A1 connected to the first response member 104 changes state, and the first circuit board 103 obtains a first electrical signal and sends it to the controller, and the controller determines that the loading unit 200 is an I-type loading unit 200 according to the first electrical signal. Similarly, the identification action surface 202 of the III-type loading unit 200 is arranged at the position farthest from the proximal end thereof, as shown in Figure 7 , when the III-type loading unit 200 is inserted into the elongated body assembly 100, the identification action surface 202 thereof pushes the first sliding member 101, thereby driving the first trigger member 102 to slide to the second target position, and the first trigger member 102 cooperates with the first response member 104 proximal to the elongated body assembly 100, so that the first electrical branch A1 connected to the first response member 104 changes state, and the first circuit board 103 obtains a second electrical signal and sends it to the controller, and the controller determines that the loading unit 200 is a III-type loading unit 200 according to the second electrical signal; and so on, as shown in Figure 9As shown, the controller can identify the Type II loading unit 200, wherein the identification function surface 202 of the identification feature 201 of the Type II loading unit is disposed between the nearest side and the farthest side.

[0072] Since the first response elements 104 are spaced apart on the first circuit board 103, the portion of the first trigger element 102 located between the two first response elements 104 has no electrical signal output during the sliding process. By adjusting the load difference between different first electrical branches A1, a wide recognition tolerance of electrical features can be achieved, thereby improving the reliability of the recognition system.

[0073] Specifically, the load selection on the first electrical branch A1 is not unique. For example, it can be a resistor, diode, inductor, active load, etc. The electrical signal output by the first circuit board 103 can also be of different types. For example, it can be a voltage analog signal, or it can be a frequency modulation, amplitude modulation, capacitor, inductor, etc.

[0074] like Figures 10a-10c This illustrates a loading unit type identification circuit D1 that uses a resistor as a load; specifically, in one embodiment, such as... Figure 10a As shown, the loading unit type identification circuit D1 is composed of two parallel first electrical branches A1, which is used to identify two types of loading units 200; in one embodiment, as... Figure 10b As shown, the loading unit type identification circuit D1 is composed of two parallel first electrical branches A1 and a first load branch A4, used to identify two types of loading units 200; the first load R4 is connected to the first load branch A4, so that the loading unit type identification circuit D1 forms a normally-on circuit; as shown Figure 10c As shown, the loading unit type identification circuit D1 is composed of three parallel first electrical branches A1 and first load branches A4, which is used to identify three types of loading units 200.

[0075] In addition, such as Figure 10bAs shown, the first load branch A4 is connected to the first load R4, so that the loading unit type identification circuit D1 forms a normally-on circuit for self-checking in the state of no insertion of the loading unit 200. For example, when the loading unit 200 is not inserted, the first load branch A4 is in a connected state, so that the entire circuit forms a closed state. Further, after insertion of the loading unit 200, for example, the type III loading unit 200, the identification action surface 202 of the feature part 201 contacts the first sliding member 101, the first trigger member 102 continuously cooperates with the distal first response member 104, and the controller identifies the type of the loading unit 200; insertion of other types of loading units 200, for example, the type I loading unit or the type II loading unit, the identification action surface 202 of the feature part 201 can push the first sliding member 101, turn on the corresponding first electric branch A1 and provide a corresponding identification electric signal, and the controller completes the identification operation of the corresponding loading unit type.

[0076] In a specific embodiment, the first trigger member 102 cooperates with the first response member 104 to turn on the first electric branch A1, and the first trigger member 102 cooperates with the first response member 104 in surface contact or line contact. By setting the cooperation area of the first trigger member 102 and the first response member 104 as surface contact or line contact, the width of the first trigger member 102 and the first response member 104 can be adjusted to achieve a wide sliding range and improve the reliability of the identification system. Specifically, the first response member 104 can be provided with different area identification information intervals, and the first response member 104 can be connected to the first trigger member 102 with a larger area, or the first trigger member 102 can be provided with a larger contact area to facilitate connection with the first response member 104. Both of these two ways can make the identification tolerance of the loading unit type identification part 100a wider and improve the identification accuracy.

[0077] As shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12 , the first response member 104 is a conductive contact piece 104a provided on the first circuit board 103, the first trigger member 102 is an elastic conductive plug 102a, one end of the first trigger member 102 is connected to the first sliding member 101, and the other end abuts against the first circuit board 103, the first sliding member 101 drives the elastic conductive plug 102a to slide to contact the conductive contact piece 104a, and the first electric branch A1 where the conductive contact piece 104a is located is connected. More specifically, as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 15 , the conductive contact piece 104a can be shaped as a square sheet, which can be slightly convex or concave on the circuit board. As shown in Figure 14As shown, the elastic conductive tab 102a is shaped as a substantially V-shaped tab structure, one end of the first trigger 102 is inserted into the first slider 101, specifically, one of the plate surfaces of the first slider 101 is provided with an insertion slot, one side of the V-shaped tab is inserted into the insertion slot of the first slider 101; the other side of the V-shaped tab has an outwardly protruding arc-shaped protrusion, which is used to cooperate with the conductive contact 104a to realize line contact. In this way, the contact area with the conductive contact 104a can be adjusted by adjusting the width of the arc-shaped protrusion. More specifically, in one embodiment, a sheet-shaped conductive tab can also be connected to the surface of the arc-shaped protrusion, so that the elastic conductive tab 102a forms a surface contact with the conductive contact 104a, and the contact area with the conductive contact 104a can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the sheet-shaped conductive tab.

[0078] In order to increase the contact area of the first response 104 and the first trigger 102, two first triggers 102 are detachably connected on the first slider 101, the first triggers 102 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the first slider 101, and two first responses 104 are arranged on the first circuit board 103 in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the first slider 101, the positions of the first responses 104 and the first triggers 102 correspond to each other, so as to turn on the identification circuit when the two first triggers 102 cooperate with the corresponding two first responses 104.

[0079] In another specific embodiment, the first trigger 102 cooperates with the first response 104 to disconnect the first electric branch A1, the length of the first trigger 102 matches the distance between adjacent first responses 104, so that when it moves to different positions, it only cuts off the first electric branch A1 in which the first response 104 is located, and the corresponding identification electric signal is generated by the other turned-on first electric branch A1.

[0080] Alternatively, in an alternative embodiment, the length of the first trigger 102 matches the distance between adjacent first responses 104, so that when it moves to different positions, it can cut off multiple first electric branches A1 at the same time; for example, when the first trigger 102 moves to the first target position and cooperates with the first group and the second group of first responses 104, two first electric branches A1 are cut off at the same time, when it moves to the second target position and cooperates with the second group and the third group of first responses 104, two first electric branches A1 are cut off at the same time, and the identification electric signal is generated by the combination of other branches, and so on.

[0081] As Figures 16-18As shown, the first response member 104 includes two elastic conductive contact pieces 104b abutting each other, and the two elastic conductive contact pieces 104b are electrically connected and form a first electric branch A1. Figure 17 As shown, the first trigger member 102 is an insulating protrusion 102b arranged on the first sliding member 101, and when the first sliding member 101 drives the insulating protrusion 102b to slide between the two elastic conductive contact pieces 104b, the first electric branch A1 in which the two elastic conductive contact pieces 104b are located is cut off.

[0082] Specifically, as shown in Figure 16 As shown, two limiting plates 1031 are formed on the first circuit board 103 along the axial direction of the elongated body assembly 100, and the first response member 104 is arranged between the two limiting plates 1031. The structure of the elastic conductive contact piece 104b is not unique, and in a specific mode, the elastic conductive contact piece 104b is V-shaped, one side plate surface of the two V-shaped elastic conductive contact pieces 104b abuts on the limiting plate 1031, and the other side plate surface abuts on each other to form an electrical connection. In order to reliably electrically connect the two elastic conductive contact pieces 104b, an arc-shaped protruding portion (see Figure 18 ) is formed on one side plate surface of the V-shaped elastic conductive contact piece 104b, which forms a more reliable line contact or surface contact between the two V-shaped elastic conductive contact pieces 104b. In order to more smoothly cut off the connection of the two first response members 104 by the first trigger member 102, the first trigger member 102 is shaped as a protrusion with a sharp corner structure at the proximal end (see Figure 17 ), so that the width of the proximal end is relatively narrow, and it can be easily inserted between the two V-shaped elastic conductive contact pieces 104b. The main body section and the sharp corner section of the first trigger member 102 are smoothly connected, and when the first trigger member 102 slides to the target position, the main body section of the first trigger member 102 cooperates with the first response member 104, and at least a part of the first trigger member 102 is made of a non-conductive material, so as to reliably cut off.

[0083] Specifically, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the elongated body assembly 100 comprises an elongated cylindrical shell 105, and the first sliding member 101 is shaped as a long strip-shaped structure which slides along the axial direction of the elongated cylindrical shell 105; in order to slide the first sliding member 101 to the proximal end of the elongated body assembly 100 in the non-plugged state of the loading unit, a first reset member 106 is arranged between the shell 105 of the elongated body assembly 100 and the first sliding member 101, and the first reset member 106 applies a force to the first sliding member 101 towards the distal end, so that under the action of the first reset member 106, the first sliding member 101 slides to the initial state close to the distal end of the elongated body assembly 100.

[0084] Preferably, as Figure 13 As shown, in order to increase the pushing effect of the first sliding member 101 on the identification action surface 202 of the loading unit 200, a protrusion 101b is arranged at the proximal end of the first sliding member 101 in the axial direction, and a reset hole 101c is arranged on the first sliding member 101 in the longitudinal axis direction, and the first reset member 106 is arranged between the shell 105 and the reset hole 101c.

[0085] Specifically, as Figure 6 As shown, the shell 105 of the elongated body assembly 100 is provided with a support frame 107, the support frame 107 is provided with a sliding groove, the first circuit board 103 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sliding groove, the first sliding member 101 is slidingly connected to the side wall of the sliding groove, and the first reset member 106 is located between the proximal end of the sliding groove and the proximal end of the first sliding member 101.

[0086] As shown in the above embodiment, the surgical instrument comprises Figure 22 As shown, the proximal end of the loading unit 200 forms a feature 201 for characterizing the type of loading unit 200, and a connecting structure for connecting with the elongated body assembly 100; it comprises a first plug-in section 205 and a second plug-in section 206 connected in sequence from the distal end to the proximal end, the outer diameter of the first plug-in section 205 is larger than that of the second plug-in section 206, and the first plug-in section 205 is provided with a rotation locking part 203 for realizing rotation locking with the elongated body assembly 100; the second plug-in section 206 forms a feature 201 for characterizing different types of loading unit 200. Among them, the length of the second plug-in section 206 of different loading units 200 is different, and the stepped surface between the first plug-in section 205 and the second plug-in section 206 abuts on the first sliding member 101, and the stepped surface is the identification action surface 202.

[0087] In addition, the surgical instrument described in the above embodiment further comprises a loading unit installation position recognition mechanism for recognizing whether the loading unit is installed in position, and the driving of the loading unit is controlled after it is monitored that the loading unit is installed in position, so as to avoid medical accidents caused by the operation of the loading unit without being installed in position.

[0088] Specifically, as shown in Figure 4 the loading unit installation position recognition mechanism further comprises an installation position recognition part 100b arranged in the elongated body assembly 100, and the judgment of the installation position recognition part 100b can determine whether the loading unit 200 is installed in position, so as to facilitate further operation. In alternative embodiments, the installation position recognition part 100b can also be arranged in the rotating head assembly 400 or the handle part 300. The specific implementation of the installation position recognition part 100b is described below.

[0089] <Installation position recognition part 100b>

[0090] As shown in Figure 4 the specific implementation of the installation position recognition part 100b comprises: a second sliding part 108 and a third sliding part 109 respectively slidingly connected in the housing 105 of the elongated body assembly 100, the second sliding part 108 is used for cooperating with the rotation locking part 203 of the loading unit 200, and the third sliding part 109 is used for cooperating with the proximal end face 204 of the loading unit 200, when the loading unit 200 is inserted into position and rotated into position, the second sliding part 108 slides to different set positions, and the third sliding part 109 slides to the same set position; a second trigger part 110 and a third trigger part 111, the second trigger part 110 is connected with the second sliding part 108, and the third trigger part 111 is connected with the third sliding part 109; a second circuit board 112 fixedly connected in the housing 105 of the elongated body assembly 100, the second circuit board 112 is provided with a second response part 113 and a third response part 114, the second response part 113 is used for cooperating with the second trigger part 110 to switch the second electric branch A2 between the first state and the second state, and the third response part 114 is used for cooperating with the third trigger part 111 to switch the third electric branch A3 between the third state and the fourth state; corresponding to the insertion position and the rotation position of the loading unit 200, the second circuit board 112 outputs two different states; and the controller is configured to determine whether the loading unit 200 is installed in position according to the feedback signal of the second circuit board 112.

[0091] Specifically, the first state and the second state of the second electric branch A2 refer to two circuit states with different output signals, for example, the first state can be an electric branch on state, and the second state can be an electric branch off state; or, the first state can be an electric branch with a load L1, and the output signal thereof is V1; the second state can be an electric branch with a load L2, and the output signal thereof is V2; similarly, the third state and the fourth state of the third electric branch A3 also refer to two circuit states with different output signals, which will not be described herein again.

[0092] The loading unit 200 is locked on the elongated body assembly 100 in a rotating manner after being plugged into position, specifically, as shown in Figure 22 the rotating locking portion 203 of the loading unit 200 is a locking protrusion arranged at the end of the loading unit 200, and the locking slide groove 118 is arranged inside the housing 105 of the elongated body assembly 100, and the locking protrusion cooperates with the locking slide groove 118 to realize the rotating locking of the loading unit 200.

[0093] More specifically, as shown in Figure 19 and Figure 23a the second sliding member 108 is slidably arranged on the support frame 107 in the elongated body assembly 100, the distal end of the second sliding member 108 is provided with a locking portion 108b and a reset hole 108a, the reset hole 108a and the housing 105 of the elongated body assembly 100 are provided with a reset member 115, and the reset member 115 can be a spring, a spring piece or a leaf spring. Figure 23b As shown, the loading unit 200 is inserted into the elongated body assembly 100 along the X direction, and the rotating locking portion 203 of the loading unit 200 pushes the second sliding member 108 to move proximally, so that the rotating locking portion 203 is located at the corner of the locking slide groove 118; Figure 23c As shown, the loading unit 200 is rotated along the Y direction, and the rotating locking portion 203 moves to give way to the second sliding member 108, and the second sliding member 108 is reset under the biasing force of the reset member 115, and the second sliding member 108 and the locking portion of the locking slide groove 118 are limited, so that the rotating locking portion 203 is locked in the elongated body assembly 100.

[0094] Since the loading unit 200 is installed on the elongated body assembly 100 by means of rotation locking, the loading unit 200 is locked on the elongated body assembly 100 by rotation after being inserted into position, thus the loading unit 200 has an insertion position and a rotation position. In the insertion position, the rotation locking portion 203 of the loading unit 200 pushes the second sliding member 108 to move to a position where the second response member 113 is cooperated, so that the state of the second electric branch A2 is changed, for example, from the off state to the on state, the proximal end surface 204 of the loading unit 200 pushes the third sliding member 109 to move to a position where the third response member 114 is cooperated, so that the state of the third electric branch A3 is changed, for example, from the on state to the off state; at this time, the second circuit board 112 outputs a first signal, for example, the state of the second electric branch A2 is 1, and the state of the third electric branch A3 is 0; in the rotation position, since the rotation locking portion 203 of the loading unit 200 is rotated, it is separated from the second sliding member 108, at this time, the second sliding member 108 moves to a position where the second response member 113 is not cooperated, so that the state of the second electric branch A2 is changed, for example, from the on state to the off state, and the axial position of the proximal end surface 204 of the loading unit 200 does not change in the process of rotation, thus it keeps cooperating with the second response member 113, and the state of the third electric branch A3 keeps unchanged; at this time, the second circuit board 112 outputs a second signal, for example, the state of the second electric branch A2 is 0, and the state of the third electric branch A3 is 0; the controller can determine whether the loading unit 200 is installed in position according to the electric signal output by the second circuit board 112.

[0095] In addition, the second reset member 115 is arranged to make the second trigger member 110 and the second response member 113 reliably separated when the loading unit 200 is in the rotation position, and the second reset member 115 applies a force to the second sliding member 108 towards the distal end. When the loading unit 200 is in the insertion position, the rotation locking portion 203 of the loading unit 200 abuts on the second sliding member 108, the second trigger member 110 triggers the second response member 113 to make the second electric branch A2 in the first state; when the loading unit 200 is in the rotation position, the second sliding member 108 moves to the distal end of the elongated body assembly 100 under the action of the second reset member 115, and the second trigger member 110 is separated from the second response member 113 to make the second electric branch A2 in the second state.

[0096] Specifically, in order to distinguish the un-plugged position of the loading unit 200 from the plugged-in position and the rotated-in position, i.e. after the loading unit 200 is disassembled, the loading unit installation position recognition part can be effectively reset, preferably, a third reset part 116 is arranged between the third sliding part 109 and the shell 105 of the elongated body assembly 100, which applies a force towards the distal end to the third sliding part 109. When the loading unit 200 is in the plugged-in position and the rotated-in position, the third trigger part 111 triggers the third response part 114 to make the third electric branch circuit A3 in the first state; when the loading unit 200 is in the un-plugged position, the third sliding part 109 moves to the distal end of the elongated body assembly 100 under the action of the third reset part 116, and the third trigger part 111 and the third response part 114 are separated to make the third electric branch circuit A3 in the second state. In this way, when the loading unit 200 is in the un-plugged position, the plugged-in position and the rotated-in position, the second circuit board 112 can output different signals to enable the controller to determine whether it is installed in position.

[0097] The matching mode between the second trigger part 110 and the second response part 113 and the third trigger part 111 and the third response part 114 is not unique, which will be described below through two different embodiments.

[0098] In one embodiment, the second response member 113 and the third response member 114 are electrical switches, and the second trigger member 110 and the third trigger member 111 change the state of the electrical switches to change the state of the second electrical branch A2 and the third electrical branch A3. More specifically, the second response member 113 is a first electrical switch, and when the second trigger member 110 is moved to a position abutting the second response member 113, the first electrical switch changes state (e.g., from on to off) to place the second electrical branch A2 in a first state, and when the second trigger member 110 is moved to a position away from the second response member 113, the first electrical switch changes state (e.g., from off to on) to place the second electrical branch A2 in a second state; and when the third trigger member 111 is moved to a position abutting the third response member 114, the second electrical switch changes state (e.g., from on to off) to place the third electrical branch A3 in a third state, and when the third trigger member 111 is moved to a position away from the third response member 114, the second electrical switch changes state (e.g., from off to on) to place the third electrical branch A3 in a fourth state. More specifically, the electrical switches are push-button electrical switches, and when the second trigger member 110 or the third trigger member 111 is moved to a position abutting the push-button electrical switch, the push-button electrical switch is pushed to change state, and when the second trigger member 110 or the third trigger member 111 is moved away from the push-button electrical switch, the push-button electrical switch changes state again.

[0099] In another embodiment, the second response member 113 / third response member 114 are electrical contacts, and the second trigger member 110 cooperates with the second response member 113 to form a switch that turns on or off the second electrical branch A2, and the third trigger member 111 cooperates with the third response member 114 to form a switch that turns on or off the third electrical branch A3. More specifically, when the second trigger member 110 is moved to a position abutting the second response member 113, the second trigger member 110 and the electrical contacts turn on the second electrical branch A2, and when the second trigger member 110 is moved to a position away from the second response member 113, the second trigger member 110 and the electrical contacts turn off the second electrical branch A2; and when the third trigger member 111 is moved to a position abutting the third response member 114, the third trigger member 111 and the electrical contacts turn on the third electrical branch A3, and when the third trigger member 111 is moved to a position away from the third response member 114, the third trigger member 111 and the electrical contacts turn off the third electrical branch A3.

[0100] The detection circuit of the loading unit type identification part 100a and the loading unit installation position identification part 100b is not unique; in one specific embodiment, a plurality of the first electric branch A1 is connected in parallel to form the loading unit type identification circuit D1; the second electric branch A2 and the third electric branch A3 are connected in parallel to form the loading unit installation position identification circuit D2; the loading unit type identification circuit D1 and the loading unit installation position identification circuit D2 are independently arranged, and both are electrically connected to the controller.

[0101] In order to simplify the detection circuit of the loading unit type identification part 100a and the loading unit installation position identification part 100b, in another embodiment, a plurality of the first electric branch A1 is connected in parallel to form the loading unit type identification circuit D1, and the second electric branch A2 and the third electric branch A3 are connected in series to form the loading unit installation position identification circuit D2; the loading unit type identification circuit D1 and the loading unit installation position identification circuit D2 are connected in series and connected to the controller to form an electric loop. More specifically, the loading unit type identification circuit D1 further includes a first load branch A4 connected in parallel with the first electric branch A1; in the loading unit installation position identification circuit D2, the first state of the second electric branch A2 corresponds to two electric branches with different load values in the second state, and the third state of the third electric branch A3 corresponds to the on electric branch and the off electric branch; when the loading unit 200 is in the unplugged position and the rotated position, the loading unit type identification circuit D1 and the loading unit installation position identification circuit D2 are in the on state and the load values in the two states are different, and the controller determines the state of the loading unit 200 according to the load value of the entire circuit; when the loading unit 200 is in the plugged position, the loading unit type identification circuit D1 and the loading unit installation position identification circuit D2 are in the off state.

[0102] Specifically, as shown in Figures 21a-21c This is one specific embodiment of the series connection of the loading unit type identification circuit D1 and the loading unit installation position identification circuit D2, wherein the load value in the first state of the second electric branch A2 is R1, and the load value in the second state is 0; the third state of the third electric branch A3 is the on state, and the fourth state is the off state; the loading unit type identification circuit D1 includes two first electric branches A1 connected in parallel and a first load branch A4 with a load value of R4.

[0103] As shown in Figure 21aAs shown, when the loading unit 200 is in the un-plugged position, the second electric branch A2 is in the first state, the third electric branch A3 is in the third state, the loading unit type identification circuit D1 is in the on state through the first load branch A4, thus the entire electric circuit is in the on state, and based on the load R1 of the second electric branch A2 and the load R4 of the first load branch A4; the output electric signal is A1.

[0104] As shown, when the loading unit 200 is in the un-plugged position, the second electric branch A2 is in the first state, the third electric branch A3 is in the third state, the loading unit type identification circuit D1 is in the on state through the first load branch A4, thus the entire electric circuit is in the on state, and based on the load R1 of the second electric branch A2 and the load R4 of the first load branch A4; the output electric signal is A1. Figure 21b

[0105] As shown, when the loading unit 200 is in the un-plugged position, the second electric branch A2 is in the first state, the third electric branch A3 is in the third state, the loading unit type identification circuit D1 is in the on state through the first load branch A4, thus the entire electric circuit is in the on state, and based on the load R1 of the second electric branch A2 and the load R4 of the first load branch A4; the output electric signal is A1. Figure 21c

[0106] By the above-mentioned circuit, when the loading unit 200 is in the un-plugged state, the loading unit type identification circuit D1 and the loading unit installation position identification circuit D2 are in the on state, so that the surgical instrument is in the self-checking state; when the loading unit 200 is installed in place, the loading unit type identification circuit D1 and the loading unit installation position identification circuit D2 are again in the on state and different from the output signal in the un-plugged state, so that the controller determines that the loading unit 200 is installed in place and can identify the type of the loading unit 200 according to the signal.

[0107] Specifically, the connection between the second sliding member 108 and the second trigger member 110 is not unique; in a specific way, the two are fixed by plug-in connection; wherein the second sliding member 108 is shaped as an elongated rod, and the proximal end thereof is provided with a plug-in hole, and the second trigger member 110 is provided with a plug-in rod which is plugged into the plug-in hole; more specifically, the housing 105 of the elongated body assembly 100 has an opening, and the second trigger member 110 is arranged at the opening, as shown in the figure. Figure 20 ​​As shown, the second trigger 110 includes a trigger body 1101, a slider 1102, a plug-in rod 1103 and a trigger rod 1104; wherein the trigger body 1101 is fixedly connected with the shell 105 of the elongated body assembly 100, a slide is arranged on the trigger body 1101, the slider 1102 is slidingly connected with the trigger body 1101 along the slide and located outside the shell 105 of the elongated body assembly 100; the plug-in rod 1103 is connected with the distal end of the slider 1102 and used for plug-in connection with the second sliding member 108; the trigger rod 1104 is connected with the proximal end of the slider 1102 and used for triggering the second response member 113. More specifically, a protruding part is arranged on the trigger rod 1104 for pressing the second response member 113 during sliding.

[0108] Specifically, the connection mode between the third sliding member 109 and the third trigger 111 is not unique; in one mode, the third sliding member 109 is shaped as an elongated tube and directly connected with the third trigger 111 located at the proximal end of the elongated body assembly 100; in another mode, as shown in the figure, Figure 4 Specifically, the third sliding member 109 is shaped as an elongated tube and directly connected with the third trigger 111 located at the proximal end of the elongated body assembly 100; in another mode, as shown in the figure,

[0109] Specifically, the surgical instrument further includes an indication unit for indicating the type of the loading unit 200, after the controller determines the type of the loading unit 200 according to the electrical signal sent by the first circuit board 103, the indication unit is controlled to indicate to prompt the user of the surgical instrument the type of the current loading unit 200. The indication unit is also used for indicating whether the loading unit 200 is installed in place, and the controller controls the indication unit to send a second indication signal indicating that the loading unit 200 is installed in place according to the feedback signal of the second circuit board 112.

[0110] The specific indication mode and implementation structure of the indication unit are not unique, and can adopt the modes of sound indication, mechanical indication, indication light indication or character indication; correspondingly, the indication unit can adopt hardware structures such as a buzzer, a protrusion / recess part, a light-emitting diode or a display screen to realize. In addition, the indication unit can be installed on the handle part 300 of the surgical instrument to facilitate the user to receive the indication signal.

[0111] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely example for clearly illustrating but not limitation to the embodiments. Based on the above description, other different forms of changes or variations can be made by those skilled in the art. Here, all the embodiments need not and can not be enumerated. The obvious changes or variations derived from the above description are still within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A surgical instrument comprising a handle portion, an elongated body assembly defining a longitudinal axis direction, and a loading unit detachably coupled to the elongated body assembly, characterized in that: a recognition surface is provided on a proximal end of the loading unit, and a position of the recognition surface matches a type of the loading unit; the elongated body assembly is provided with a loading unit type recognition portion comprising: a first sliding member configured to cooperate with the recognition surface of the loading unit, and the recognition surface of the loading unit triggers the first sliding member to slide to different target positions along the longitudinal axis direction when loading units of different types are coupled to the elongated body assembly, and the first sliding member is fixedly connected with a first trigger member; a first circuit board is provided with at least two first response members spaced apart along the longitudinal axis direction, and each of the first response members is configured to cooperate with the first trigger member to open or cut off a first electric branch, wherein load values of each of the first electric branches are different; a controller is configured to determine the type of the loading unit according to feedback signals of the first circuit board.

2. A surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein: the loading unit type recognition portion further comprises a first reset member between an outer shell of the elongated body assembly and the first sliding member, and the first reset member applies a force to the first sliding member towards a distal end, and the first sliding member is located at the distal end of the elongated body assembly under the action of the first reset member in an initial state.

3. A surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein: the recognition feature is a distance from the recognition surface of the loading unit to a proximal end thereof.

4. A surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein: the first response member is a conductive contact pad provided on the first circuit board, and the first trigger member is an elastic conductive tab connected to the first sliding member, and the first sliding member drives the elastic conductive tab to slide to contact one of the conductive contact pads on the first circuit board, thereby connecting a first electric branch in which the conductive contact pad is located.

5. A surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein: the first response member comprises two elastic conductive contact pads abutting each other, and the two elastic conductive contact pads are electrically connected and connect a first electric branch; and the first trigger member is an insulating protrusion provided on the first sliding member, and the first sliding member drives the insulating protrusion to slide between the two elastic conductive contact pads, thereby cutting off a first electric branch in which the two elastic conductive contact pads are located.

6. A surgical instrument according to claim 2, wherein: the elongated body assembly comprises an outer shell and a support frame inside the outer shell, the support frame is provided with a sliding groove, the first circuit board is fixedly connected to a bottom of the sliding groove, the first sliding member is slidingly connected to a side wall of the sliding groove, and the first reset member is located between a proximal end of the sliding groove and a proximal end of the first sliding member.

7. A surgical instrument according to claim 1 wherein: the proximal end of the loading unit comprises a connecting structure for coupling with the elongated body assembly, and the connecting structure comprises a first plug-in section and a second plug-in section connected in sequence from a distal end to a proximal end, an outer diameter of the first plug-in section is greater than an outer diameter of the second plug-in section, and a step surface of the first plug-in section and the second plug-in section forms the recognition surface.

8. A surgical instrument according to claim 7, wherein: a rotation locking portion for coupling with the elongated body assembly is provided on the first plug-in section.

9. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein: The first slide has a protrusion protruding towards the axis of the elongated body assembly at the distal end, and the identification surface of the loading unit is matched with the protrusion of the first slide.

10. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein: At least two groups of the first response elements are arranged on the circuit board and are spaced apart along the longitudinal axis.

11. A surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein: The indication unit is further included for emitting a first indication signal indicating the type of the loading unit according to the signal of the controller.

12. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein: The elongated body assembly further comprises a loading unit installation position identification part, which comprises: The second slide is matched with the rotation locking part of the loading unit, and the third slide is matched with the proximal end surface of the loading unit. When the loading unit is inserted into the position and rotated into the position, the second slide is slid to different set positions, and the third slide is located at the same set position. The second trigger element is connected to the second slide, and the third trigger element is connected to the third slide. The second circuit board is provided with second response elements and third response elements. The second response elements are matched with the second trigger elements to switch the second electric branch between the first state and the second state. The third response elements are matched with the third trigger elements to switch the third electric branch between the third state and the fourth state. The second circuit board outputs two different states corresponding to the insertion position and the rotation position of the loading unit. The controller is configured to determine whether the loading unit is installed into the position according to the feedback signal of the second circuit board.

13. A surgical instrument according to claim 12, wherein: The loading unit installation position identification part further comprises a second reset element, which applies a force towards the distal end to the second slide. When the loading unit is in the insertion position, the rotation locking part of the loading unit abuts against the second slide, the second trigger element triggers the second response element to make the second electric branch in the first state. When the loading unit is in the rotation position, the rotation locking part of the loading unit is separated from the second slide, the second slide moves to the distal end of the elongated body assembly under the action of the second reset element, and the second trigger element is separated from the second response element to make the second electric branch in the second state.

14. The surgical instrument of claim 12, wherein: The loading unit installation position identification part further comprises a third reset element, which applies a force towards the distal end to the third slide. When the loading unit is in the insertion position and the rotation position, the proximal end surface of the loading unit abuts against the third slide, the third trigger element triggers the third response element to make the third electric branch in the third state. When the loading unit is in the non-insertion position, the third slide moves to the distal end of the elongated body assembly under the action of the third reset element, and the third trigger element is separated from the third response element to make the third electric branch in the fourth state.

15. The surgical instrument of claim 12, wherein: The second response element and the third response element are electric switches, the second trigger element and the third trigger element switch the states by triggering the electric switches, thereby changing the states of the second electric branch and the third electric branch.

16. A surgical instrument according to claim 15, wherein: The second and third electric branches respectively include two load branches connected to two states of the electric switch, and the load values of the two load branches are different.

17. The surgical instrument of claim 12, wherein: A plurality of first electric branches are connected in parallel to form a loading unit type identification circuit, the second and third electric branches are connected in series to form a loading unit installation position identification circuit; the loading unit type identification circuit and the loading unit installation position identification circuit are connected in series to the controller.

18. A surgical instrument according to claim 17, wherein: The loading unit type identification circuit further includes a first load branch connected in parallel to the first electric branch; When the loading unit is in an un-plugged position, a rotated position, and a plugged position, the loading unit type identification circuit and the loading unit installation position identification circuit are in an on state respectively, and the load values in the three states are different.

19. The surgical instrument of claim 17, wherein: The loading unit type identification circuit further includes a first load branch connected in parallel to the first electric branch; in the loading unit installation position identification circuit, the first state and the second state of the second electric branch correspond to two electric branches with different load values, and the third state and the fourth state of the third electric branch correspond to two electric branches with different load values; When the loading unit is in an un-plugged position and an installation position, the loading unit type identification circuit and the loading unit installation position identification circuit are in an on state, and the load values in the two states are different.

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