Gearbox and vehicle

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of automobiles and particularly relates to a transmission and an automobile. The transmission comprises a housing, a driving gear and an output gear arranged in the inner cavity of the housing, characterized in that the transmission further comprises a transmission shaft arranged in the inner cavity of the housing and located between the driving gear and the output gear, the transmission shaft is provided with at least two transmission gears with different numbers of teeth, each transmission gear can simultaneously mesh with the driving gear and the output gear, and a driving device is used to bear the opposite two ends of the transmission shaft, the transmission shaft can rotate around its own axis relative to the driving device and is controlled by the driving device to reciprocate along the direction of its own axis. In the application, the transmission shaft is moved as a whole, that is, the distribution positions of the transmission gears on the transmission shaft do not change, so that the dynamic imbalance problem caused by changing the relative positions of the transmission gears on the transmission shaft in the prior art can be well avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application pertains to the automotive field, specifically relating to transmissions and automobiles. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of a car, the speed is changed via a transmission. Existing transmissions achieve this by altering the position of gears on the driveshaft. For example, the driveshaft may have multiple gears with different numbers of teeth; when a different speed is needed, these gears are moved relative to the axis of the driveshaft, thus achieving the gear shifting effect.

[0003] Because the movement of the gear affects the load distribution on the drive shaft, it may cause dynamic imbalance of the drive shaft, which can lead to vibration and other problems, affecting the service life of the drive shaft and posing certain safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One objective of this invention is to provide a transmission that better solves the dynamic imbalance problem caused by the movement of gears in existing drive shafts.

[0005] Another objective of this application is to provide an automobile that includes the aforementioned transmission.

[0006] According to an embodiment of this application, a first aspect provides a transmission, the transmission including a housing and a drive gear and an output gear disposed within the cavity of the housing, the transmission further including:

[0007] A drive shaft is disposed in the inner cavity of the housing and located between the drive gear and the output gear. The drive shaft is provided with at least two drive gears with different numbers of teeth, and each drive gear can mesh with the drive gear and the output gear simultaneously.

[0008] A drive unit is used to support the two opposite ends of the drive shaft, the drive shaft being able to rotate about its own axis relative to the drive unit and being controlled by the drive unit to reciprocate along its own axis.

[0009] Furthermore, the driving device includes a driving end and a connecting component;

[0010] The drive shaft is provided with a drive end and a connecting component at both opposite ends, and the connecting component connects the drive shaft and the drive end.

[0011] When the drive shaft rotates around its own axis, it rotates around the connecting assembly or rotates synchronously with the connecting assembly. When the drive end moves, it controls the drive shaft to reciprocate relative to the axis direction through the connecting assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, each of the drive ends is provided with a semi-circular groove on the side facing the drive shaft and on both opposite ends of the drive shaft.

[0013] The connecting assembly includes a plurality of balls, each ball having a portion disposed in the semi-circular groove on the drive end face and the other portion disposed in the semi-circular groove on the drive shaft.

[0014] Furthermore, each of the drive end faces is provided with at least one connecting hole, and the connecting components are provided at both opposite ends of the drive shaft. The connecting components include the same number of connecting posts as the connecting holes, and each connecting post corresponds one-to-one with each connecting hole.

[0015] Furthermore, each end of the drive shaft is provided with at least one connecting hole, and each drive end face is provided with a connecting component. The connecting component includes a number of connecting posts equal to the number of connecting holes, and each connecting post corresponds one-to-one with each connecting hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the driving device includes two driving elements, each of which controls the driving end to reciprocate along the axial direction of the transmission shaft.

[0017] Furthermore, each of the driving ends is provided with a rack segment, and the output end of each driving element is provided with a gear that meshes with each rack segment; the length of each rack segment is greater than the distance between the same side of the transmission gears.

[0018] Furthermore, sleeves are provided on both opposite sides of the housing, and each drive end is correspondingly located inside the sleeve and restricted by the sleeve to move along the axial direction of the transmission shaft.

[0019] Furthermore, at least one of the transmission gears is equipped with a speed sensor or a position sensor, the speed sensor and the position sensor being electrically connected to the drive device and transmitting data to the drive device respectively; and / or the transmission further includes a motor, the output end of which is equipped with the drive gear; and / or the tooth profile of the drive gear, the tooth profile of the transmission gear and the tooth profile of the output gear are stepped or elliptical with the cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from the middle of the tooth to the tooth tip.

[0020] According to an embodiment of this application, a second aspect provides an automobile, including the aforementioned transmission.

[0021] The transmission of this application has at least two transmission gears with different numbers of teeth mounted on the drive shaft. When a gear change is required, the drive unit pushes the entire drive shaft to reciprocate along its own axis, thereby engaging the transmission gears with different numbers of teeth with the driving gear and the output gear, respectively. In this application, the drive shaft is moved as a whole, meaning the distribution position of the transmission gears on the drive shaft does not change. Therefore, it can better avoid the dynamic imbalance problem caused by changing the relative position of the transmission gears on the drive shaft, as in existing solutions. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure in one embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure in another embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmission after gear shifting in one embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tooth profile structure in a transmission according to one embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tooth structure in a transmission according to another embodiment of this application.

[0027] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0028] 100. Housing; 200. Drive gear; 300. Output gear;

[0029] 400. Drive shaft; 410. Drive gear;

[0030] 510. Drive end; 511. Rack segment; 520. Connecting assembly; 521. Ball bearing;

[0031] 530. Driving element; 531. Gear. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0033] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in this embodiment are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention.

[0034] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc., illustrated in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0035] The orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," "longitudinal," "lateral," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "radial," and "circumferential" used in this specification are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the purpose of simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0036] As described in the background, the operation of a car involves changing its speed via a transmission. Existing transmissions achieve this by altering the position of gears on the driveshaft. For example, the driveshaft may have multiple gears with different numbers of teeth; when different speeds are needed, different gears are moved relative to the driveshaft's axis to achieve the gear shift. However, this movement of gears affects the load distribution on the driveshaft, potentially leading to dynamic imbalance, vibration, and other problems that shorten the driveshaft's lifespan and pose safety hazards. To address this issue, researchers have proposed a transmission that aims to control the overall movement of the driveshaft, thereby resolving the dynamic imbalance problem caused by the movement of gears on the driveshaft.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure in one embodiment of this application. In the process of changing speed, the transmission in this embodiment acts on the opposite ends of the drive shaft 400 through the drive device, thereby causing the drive shaft 400 to move as a whole, so as to better solve the dynamic imbalance problem caused by changing the position of the gears in the drive shaft 400 in the existing solution.

[0038] Specifically, the transmission includes a housing 100 and a drive gear 200 and an output gear 300 disposed within the cavity of the housing 100. The transmission also includes a drive shaft 400 and a drive unit. The drive shaft 400 is disposed within the cavity of the housing 100 and is located between the drive gear 200 and the output gear 300. The drive shaft 400 has at least two drive gears 410 with different numbers of teeth, each drive gear 410 capable of simultaneously meshing with both the drive gear 200 and the output gear 300.

[0039] It should be noted that the tooth profiles of the driving gear 200, the transmission gear 410, and the output gear 300 are stepped or elliptical, with the cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from the middle of the tooth towards the tooth tip. (See reference...) Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown. This is because the positions of the driving gear 200 and the output gear 300 within the housing 100 are relatively fixed. During the movement of the transmission shaft 400, it is necessary for each transmission gear 410 in the transmission shaft 400 to mesh with the driving gear 200 and the output gear 300 accordingly. Therefore, the diameter of each transmission gear 410 should be the same. However, since the number of teeth in each transmission gear 410 is different, the tooth pitch between transmission gears 410 with more teeth is smaller than that between transmission gears 410 with fewer teeth. Setting the tooth profiles of the driving gear 200, the transmission gears 410, and the output gear 300 to be stepped or elliptical can better accommodate the meshing between the transmission gears 410 with different numbers of teeth and the driving gear 200 and the output gear 300. For example, when the transmission gear 410 with more teeth is meshing, it can mesh with the smaller cross-sectional area at the tooth tip of the driving gear 200 and the transmission gear 410 during the meshing process; while when the transmission gear 410 with fewer teeth is meshing, it can mesh with the larger cross-sectional area at the middle of the teeth of the driving gear 200 and the transmission gear 410 during the meshing process.

[0040] The drive unit supports the two opposite ends of the drive shaft 400. The drive shaft 400 can rotate relative to the drive unit about its own axis and is controlled by the drive unit to reciprocate along its own axis. It should be noted that the drive unit can restrict the drive shaft 400 to rotate only about its own axis while also controlling the drive shaft 400 to reciprocate along its own axis.

[0041] In this embodiment, when the transmission changes gears, the drive unit applies a force to both ends of the drive shaft 400, causing the drive shaft 400 to move as a whole. During the movement of the drive shaft 400, the transmission gears 410 with different numbers of teeth in the drive shaft 400 can simultaneously mesh with the driving gear 200 and the transmission gears 410. This achieves the gear change effect of the transmission. It should be noted that after the gear change is completed, the drive unit also needs to apply a force to the transmission gears 410 to limit the reciprocating movement of the drive shaft 400 along its own axis. In this embodiment, by driving the drive unit to move the drive shaft 400 as a whole, the dynamic imbalance problem caused by the change in load distribution on the drive shaft 400 due to the movement of the gear 531 on the drive shaft 400 is better avoided in the existing solution.

[0042] It should be noted that during the operation of the transmission, the drive gear 200 provides driving force. As the drive gear 200 rotates, it meshes with the transmission gear 410 on the drive shaft 400, thereby driving the transmission gear 410 to rotate. Simultaneously, the transmission gear 410 meshes with the output gear 300. Therefore, the transmission gear 410 can transmit the driving force of the drive gear 200 to the output gear 300. When the drive gear 200 meshes with transmission gears 410 with different numbers of teeth, a speed change effect can be achieved. The transmission may include a motor, and the output end of the motor may be equipped with the drive gear 200. The output gear 300 may be located in the output shaft.

[0043] In addition, when the transmission includes a motor and the output end of the motor is equipped with a drive gear 200, during the braking process of the transmission, the output gear 300 drives the drive gear 200 to rotate in the opposite direction through the transmission gear 410. This consumes the inertial driving force of the output gear 300 through the meshing effect between the gears 531, and also realizes the energy storage effect of the motor through the reverse rotation of the drive gear 200.

[0044] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 The drive device includes a drive end 510 and a connecting component 520. Both ends of the drive shaft 400 are provided with a drive end 510 and a connecting component 520. The connecting component 520 connects the drive shaft 400 and the drive end 510. When the drive shaft 400 rotates around its own axis, it rotates around the connecting component 520 or rotates synchronously with the connecting component 520. When the drive end 510 moves, it controls the reciprocating movement of the drive shaft 400 relative to the axis through the connecting component 520.

[0045] In this embodiment, both ends of the drive shaft 400 are connected to the drive end 510 via connecting components 520. The connecting component 520 can be detachably disposed between the drive shaft 400 and the drive end 510, or it can be fixed integrally with the drive shaft 400 or the drive end 510. When the connecting component 520 is detachably connected to the drive shaft 400 or the drive end 510, or when the connecting component 520 is integrally connected to the drive end 510, the drive shaft 400 rotates around its own axis while rotating around the connecting component 520; and when the connecting component 520 is integrally connected to the drive shaft 400, the drive shaft 400 and the connecting component 520 rotate synchronously.

[0046] When the drive end 510 is moved by an applied force, the drive end 510 can transmit the force to the transmission shaft 400 through the connecting component 520, thereby enabling the transmission shaft 400 to reciprocate in its own axial direction.

[0047] Furthermore, in one embodiment, see [reference] Figure 2 and Figure 3 Each drive end 510 has a semi-circular groove on the side facing the drive shaft 400 and on both opposite ends of the drive shaft 400. The connecting assembly 520 includes a plurality of balls 521, wherein a portion of each ball 521 is correspondingly disposed in the semi-circular groove on the drive end 510 and the other portion of the ball 521 is correspondingly disposed in the semi-circular groove on the drive shaft 400.

[0048] In this embodiment, when the drive shaft 400 rotates around its own axis, it simultaneously rotates around the ball 521. That is, the drive shaft 400 does not affect the drive end 510 during its rotation around its own axis. When the drive end 510 is moved by an applied force, it can transmit the force to the drive shaft 400 through the ball 521. During the reciprocating movement of the drive shaft 400 along its own axis, the drive end 510, the ball 521, and the drive shaft 400 move synchronously, therefore the ball 521 will not separate from the drive end 510 and the drive shaft 400.

[0049] For a specific example, let's define the two opposite ends of the drive shaft 400 as the left and right ends. When the drive shaft 400 needs to move to the right along its own axis, please refer to... Figure 3 In the direction pointed to by the middle arrow a, the drive end 510 on the left moves to the right, and the drive end 510 on the right also moves synchronously to the right, thus causing the drive end 510, the ball bearing 521, and the drive shaft 400 to move synchronously. Once the drive shaft 400 is in position, the drive end 510 on the left pushes the drive shaft 400 to the right or keeps it in its current position, and simultaneously the drive end 510 on the right pushes the drive shaft 400 to the left or keeps it in its current position, thus restricting the reciprocating movement of the drive shaft 400 along its own axis.

[0050] In another embodiment, each drive end 510 has at least one connecting hole on the side facing the drive shaft 400, and connecting assemblies 520 are provided at opposite ends of the drive shaft 400. Each connecting assembly 520 includes connecting posts equal in number to the connecting holes, with each connecting post corresponding to one connecting hole. In this embodiment, the drive shaft 400 and the connecting posts are integrated, and the connecting posts mate with the connecting holes. When the drive shaft 400 rotates around its own axis, it rotates synchronously with the connecting posts. When a force is applied to the drive end 510, it can be transmitted to the drive shaft 400 through the connecting posts. Compared to the connection method using ball bearings 521, this embodiment does not require multiple semi-circular grooves, resulting in a relatively simple design. Furthermore, the connecting posts can be welded to the drive end 510 or integrally manufactured.

[0051] In another embodiment, at least one connecting hole is provided at each of the opposite ends of the drive shaft 400. Each drive end 510 has a connecting component 520 on the side facing the drive shaft 400. The connecting component 520 includes connecting posts in the same number as the connecting holes, with each connecting post corresponding to each connecting hole. In this embodiment, the connecting post and the drive end 510 are integrated. The connecting post engages with the connecting hole in the drive shaft 400, and the drive shaft 400 rotates around its own axis when rotating around the connecting post. Compared to the solution with multiple semi-circular grooves, this embodiment is also simpler in design. Furthermore, the connecting holes in the drive shaft 400 can be provided, thereby reducing the overall weight of the drive shaft 400.

[0052] It should be noted that when the drive shaft 400 rotates around the connecting column, a bearing that mates with the connecting column can be installed in the connecting hole of the drive shaft 400 to reduce wear between the drive shaft 400 and the connecting column; while when the drive shaft 400 and the connecting column are integral, a bearing that mates with the connecting column can be installed in the connecting hole of the drive end 510 to reduce wear between the connecting column and the drive end 510.

[0053] In one embodiment, see Figure 1 As shown, the drive device includes two drive elements 530, each of which controls the drive end 510 to reciprocate along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 400. For example, the drive element 530 can be a hydraulic drive element or a gear and rack transmission system formed together with the drive end 510. It should be noted that the drive elements 530 at both ends of the transmission shaft 400 should move synchronously to prevent the transmission shaft 400 from disengaging from the connecting assembly 520 or the drive end 510.

[0054] For further details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2As shown, each drive end 510 is provided with a rack segment 511, and the output end of each drive element 530 is provided with a gear 531 that meshes with each rack segment 511. It should be noted that the length of the rack segment 511 should be greater than the distance between the same side of the transmission gears 410 on the transmission shaft 400.

[0055] In one embodiment, sleeves are provided on both opposite sides of the housing 100, and each drive end 510 is correspondingly located inside the sleeve and is restricted by the sleeve to move along the axial direction of the drive shaft 400.

[0056] In one embodiment, at least one transmission gear 410 in the drive shaft 400 is equipped with a speed sensor and / or a position sensor. The speed sensor and position sensor are electrically connected to the drive device and transmit data to the drive device respectively. The speed sensor can assist in detecting the rotational speed of the transmission gear 410 in the drive shaft 400. Since the transmission gears 410 in the drive shaft 400 have different numbers of teeth, the rotational speed of the drive shaft 400 changes during the switching process between gears 410 with different numbers of teeth. The speed sensor can determine whether the transmission gears 410 with different numbers of teeth are meshing with the drive gear 200 and the output gear 300 during the speed change process based on the change in rotational speed. The position sensor can be used to detect the travel distance of the transmission gear 410, thereby assisting in determining whether the drive shaft 400 has moved to a predetermined position during the speed change process. The speed sensor and position sensor can respectively transmit the data they acquire to the drive device, thereby assisting in controlling the distance by which the drive device pushes the drive shaft 400.

[0057] This application also proposes a vehicle including the aforementioned transmission. Installing the transmission in the vehicle allows for switching between different speeds, and during gear changes, it effectively avoids the dynamic imbalance problems found in existing transmission schemes. Furthermore, when the vehicle is an electric vehicle, the transmission may include a motor, with a drive gear 200 located at the motor's output end. During braking, the transmission gear 410 dissipates the inertial driving force of the output gear 300 through gear meshing. Simultaneously, the output gear 300, through the transmission gear 410, enables the drive gear 200 to reverse, thereby achieving the motor's energy storage effect and realizing energy recovery.

[0058] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0059] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A transmission, the transmission comprising a housing (100) and a drive gear (200) and an output gear (300) disposed within a cavity of the housing (100), characterized in that, The transmission also includes: A drive shaft (400) is disposed in the inner cavity of the housing (100) and located between the drive gear (200) and the output gear (300). The drive shaft (400) is provided with at least two drive gears (410) with different numbers of teeth. Each drive gear (410) has the same diameter. The tooth profiles of the drive gear (200), the drive gears (410), and the output gear (300) are stepped or elliptical with the cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from the middle of the tooth to the tooth tip. Each drive gear (410) can mesh with both the drive gear (200) and the output gear (300) simultaneously. A drive device is used to support the two opposite ends of the drive shaft (400), the drive shaft (400) being able to rotate about its own axis relative to the drive device and being controlled by the drive device to reciprocate along its own axis.

2. The transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving device includes a driving end (510) and a connecting component (520); The drive shaft (400) is provided with a drive end (510) and a connecting component (520) at both opposite ends. The connecting component (520) connects the drive shaft (400) and the drive end (510). When the drive shaft (400) rotates around its own axis, it rotates around the connecting assembly (520) or rotates synchronously with the connecting assembly (520). When the drive end (510) moves, it controls the drive shaft (400) to reciprocate relative to the axis direction through the connecting assembly (520).

3. The transmission according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the drive ends (510) has a semi-circular groove on the side facing the drive shaft (400) and on both opposite ends of the drive shaft (400). The connecting assembly (520) includes a plurality of balls (521), each ball (521) having a portion disposed in the semi-circular groove on the drive end (510) surface, and the other portion disposed in the semi-circular groove on the drive shaft (400).

4. The transmission according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the drive end (510) faces is provided with at least one connecting hole, and the connecting components (520) are provided at both opposite ends of the drive shaft (400). The connecting components (520) include the same number of connecting posts as the connecting holes, and each connecting post corresponds one-to-one with each connecting hole.

5. The transmission according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drive shaft (400) has at least one connecting hole at each of its two opposite ends, and each drive end (510) is provided with a connecting component (520). The connecting component (520) includes a number of connecting posts equal to the number of connecting holes, and each connecting post corresponds to each connecting hole.

6. The transmission according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drive device includes two drive elements (530), each of which controls the drive end (510) to reciprocate along the axial direction of the transmission shaft (400).

7. The transmission according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each of the drive ends (510) is provided with a rack segment (511), and the output end of each drive element (530) is provided with a gear (531) that meshes with each rack segment (511); the length of each rack segment (511) is greater than the distance between the same side of the transmission gears (410).

8. The transmission according to claim 2, characterized in that: Sleeves are provided on both opposite sides of the housing (100), and each drive end (510) is located in the sleeve and is restricted by the sleeve to move along the axial direction of the drive shaft (400).

9. The transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one of the transmission gears (410) is provided with a speed sensor or a position sensor, the speed sensor and the position sensor are electrically connected to the drive device respectively, and transmit data to the drive device respectively; And / or the transmission further includes a motor, the output end of which is provided with the drive gear (200); and / or the tooth profile of the drive gear (200), the tooth profile of the transmission gear (410) and the tooth profile of the output gear (300) are stepped or elliptical with the cross-sectional area gradually decreasing from the middle of the tooth to the tooth tip.

10. A car, characterized in that: The vehicle includes the transmission as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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